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A series of mononuclear tetrahedral cobalt(II) complexes with the general molecular formula [Co(L-1)(2)X-2] [where L-1 = tetramethylthiourea ([(CH3)(2)N](2)C=S) and X = Cl (1), Br (2), and I (3)] were isolated, and their structures were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The experimental direct-current magnetic data are excellently " reproduced by fitting both chi T-M(T) and M(H) simultaneously using the spin Hamiltonian (SH) parameters D-1 = 18.1 cm(-1) and g(1,iso) = 2.26, D-2 = 16.4 cm(-1) and g(2,iso) = 2.33, and D-3 = -22 cm(-1) and g(3,iso) 2.4 for 1-3, respectively, and the sign of D was unambiguously confirmed from X-band electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. The effective energy barrier extracted for the magnetically diluted complexes 1-3 (10%) is larger than the barrier observed for the pure samples and implies a nonzero contribution of dipolar interaction to the magnetization relaxation dynamics. The SH parameters extracted for the three complexes drastically differ from their respective parent complexes that possess the general molecular formula [Co(L)(2)X-2] [where L = thiourea [(NH2)(2)C=S] and X = Cl (la), Br (2a), and I (3a)], which is rationalized by detailed ab initio calculations. An exhaustive theoretical study reveals that both the ground and excited states are not pure but rather multideterminental in nature (1-3). Noticeably, the substitution of L by L, induces structural distortion in 1-3 on the level of the secondary coordination sphere compared to 1a-3a. This distortion leads to an overall reduction in vertical bar E/D vertical bar of 1-3 compared to 1a-3a. This may be one of the reasons for the origin of the slower relaxation times of 1-3 compared to 1a-3a.

This book chapter is mainly devoted to the recent findings about the cobalt(II) single-ion magnets (SIMs). Influence of various coordination numbers (from 2 to 8) around Co(II) in determining the spin Hamiltonian (SH) parameters of the complexes is reviewed. This chapter also discloses the importance of proper ligand design for stabilizing Ising or uniaxial anisotropy in mononuclear Co(II) complexes.

Nodular hidradenoma is an unusual benign adnexal tumor arising from the excretory duct of sweat glands. It usually occurs in elderly females and commonly involves the scalp, neck, trunk and extremities. Although it is diagnosed on histopathology, knowledge of cytological features can help in their early detection. Moreover, long standing undiagnosed cases can rarely turn into malignancy. Thus, it is essential to identify these tumors in advance to treat them timely. Therefore, we herein describe certain salient cytological features of nodular hidradenoma that occurred as a large nodular soft tissue mass on the right thigh of an elderly female.

This chapter deals with single-molecule magnets (SMMs) obtained from heterometallic Co(II)/4f complexes. The design principles involved in building various types of heterometallic complexes are discussed along with their magnetic properties. A large group of hybrid Co(II)/4f complexes of varying nuclearity are discussed. Some examples of Co(III)/4f complexes are also presented.

Congenital tuberculosis is an uncommon condition, but in a country like India, where largest tuberculosis burden is found, there should be an eye on early diagnosis and management of this condition so as to prevent the devastating consequences of this disease considering the absence of specific pathogenic signs and symptoms. Here, we present a case of congenital tuberculosis in a newborn who was admitted on the 17th day after birth with the complaint of difficulty in breathing and lethargy for 3 days. On observing the antenatal history, it was found that mother after conception was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and was inadequately treated. The clinical indexes included no increase in body weight, hepatosplenomegaly, lethargy, and emaciated appearance. The treatment was initiated with antibiotics in intravenous form along with 4-drug antitubercular treatment (ATT). The 4-drug ATT was stopped after 1 week due to negative outcome in the tubercular screening, which leads to respiratory complications. The 4-drug ATT regimen was started again after a week on clinical basis which resulted in significant improvement within a few days. Hence, the present case presents a perspective that congenital tuberculosis can be considered in a newborn when mother has a history of tuberculosis before or during pregnancy.

Problem considered The gold standard for postnatal growth for preterm neonates is their intrauterine growth standard. Extra uterine growth restriction (EUGR) implies weight less than minus 2 Z scores at discharge. 1 Methods A prospective observational study of preterm neonates admitted at the level III neonatal unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Growth parameters (weight, length and head circumference) were recorded on admission, during hospitalization, at discharge and at term gestation. Z scores were calculated using Fenton's growth charts. 13,14 Growth velocity was calculated for weight, length and head circumference (HC). Results The incidence of EUGR was 64.8% at discharge and 76.8% at term. Mean Z scores for weight, length and head circumference in neonates with EUGR and without EUGR were −1.36 ± 0.80 vs −0.40 ± 0.63 ( p = 0.000), −1.21 ± 1.27 vs −0.38 ± 0.90 ( p = 0.000), −1.35 ± 1.04 vs −0.44 ± 1.02 ( p = 0.000) respectively at birth, −2.84 ± 0.60 vs −1.38 ± 0.79 ( p = 0.000), −1.92 ± 1.26 vs −0.85 ± 0.88 ( p = 0.000), & −1.85 ± 1.10 vs −0.88 ± 1.11 ( p = 0.000) respectively at discharge & −2.84 ± 1.18 vs −2.44 ± 1.16 ( p = 0.102), −2.44 ± 1.33 vs −1.95 ± 1.29 ( p = 0.071) & −2.03 ± 1.14 vs −1.28 ± 1.61 ( p = 0.005) respectively at term. Mean growth velocities for neonates with EUGR and without EUGR were 7.98 ± 4.63 vs 10.85 ± 5.53 g/kg/day ( p = 0.120) for weight, 0.65 ± 0.24 vs 0.72 ± 0.37 cm/week ( p = 0.924) for length and 0.43 ± 0.14 vs 0.41 ± 0.15 cm/week ( p = 0.439) for head circumference at discharge and 12.99 ± 8.54 vs 12.70 ± 7.58 g/kg/day ( p = 0.924), 0.72 ± 0.35 vs 0.62 ± 0.22 cm/week ( p = 0.145) and 0.49 ± 0.16 vs 0.43 ± 0.14 cm/week ( p = 0.048) respectively for weight, length and head circumference at term. Conclusion About two third premature neonates at discharge and three fourths at term had EUGR. Growth velocity for HC was significantly more in neonates with EUGR by term gestation indicating a brain sparing effect.

At present times, Herbal remedies occupy an important position for being the paramount sources of drug discovery, irrespectiv e of its categorized groups in which including herbs, Shrubs or trees. Plants have been indispensab le in treating diverse form of diseases including cancer. Cancer is not just one disease but many diseases. There are more than 100 different types of cancer the plant based drug discovery resulted mainly in the develo pment of anticancer agents including p lants (vincristine, vinblastine, etoposide, paclitaxel, camptothecin, topotecan and irinotecan), marine organisms (citarabine , aplidine and dolastatin

Chryseobacterium species are widely distributed in nature and can rarely cause human infection. Few cases reported in hospitalized patients are in immunocompromised hosts with indwelling devices and associated comorbidities. Chryseobacterium species are usually multidrug resistant. We describe 2 cases of Chryseobacterium indologenes-associated pneumonia in neonates and review the published infant cases.

We introduce a new and naturally abundant mild reducing agent, tannic acid, to improve the seed-mediated growth method for the synthesis of elongated tetrahexahedral Au nanocrystals enclosed with high-index (730) planes, at room-temperature. The control of the dimensions, plasmonics and electro-catalysis of such high-index faceted nanocrystals is remarkable.

Slight variations in the Schiff base ligand and the linker length, led to the isolation of three different Mn(III) complexes under similar synthetic conditions that were characterized structurally and magnetically. [Mn III (L1)(N 3 )(H 2 O)]∙DMSO (1) and [Mn III (L2)N(CN) 2 (CH 3 OH)]∙CHCl 3 (3) are azide and dicyanamide based monomers of Mn(III) with salophen and naphthophen as ligands respectively while [Mn III (L1)N(CN) 2 ] n ∙H 2 O (2) is a dicyanamide based 1D-extended structure of Mn(III) with salophen ligand. Magnetic studies on 2 reveal antiferromagnetic interactions between the magnetic centers (J 1 = -0.49 cm -1 ). All the three complexes have strong hydrogen bonding interactions connecting the monomeric units or polymeric chains into 2-D assemblies. The presence of supramolecular interactions within 1 - 3 was analyzed using Hirshfeld method.

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a continuing problem causing significant burden on health care, especially in developing world. As blood culture has low sensitivity in diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, strong clinical suspicion along with combination of different laboratory tests is required. The data available for extensively studied acute phase reactant, procalcitonin (PCT) remains controversial. This study was done to assess role of PCT alone and in combination with different tests for diagnosing neonatal sepsis.Methods: Blood samples of 275 neonates (>35 weeks of gestation) admitted to NICU, with suspicion of neonatal sepsis were collected for bacterial culture, serum procalcitonin level and sepsis screen (CRP, mESR, I/T ratio, Total Leucocyte Count, Absolute Neutrophil Count).Results: Blood culture was positive in 30.5% of enrolled neonates. At a cut-off value of 0.5 ng/ml the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of serum PCT in neonatal sepsis cases was 73.8%, 47.1%, 48%, 80.4% respectively. Serum PCT was found raised in 60 (48.8%) clinically suspected cases of neonatal sepsis where sepsis screen and blood culture both were negative, also it was not raised in 17 (32.7%) of clinically suspected cases of septicemia where both blood culture and sepsis screen were positive. Amongst other individual tests, CRP was found to have best sensitivity (79.7%) and NPV (85%) followed by PCT (73.8% and 80.4%) while best specificity was found for I/T ratio (93.7%) followed by mESR (89%) for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis with positive blood culture. Best NPV was seen for combination of PCT+CRP+I/T ratio (95.6%) for the suspected cases of neonatal sepsis.Conclusions: Thus, we conclude that serum PCT can play a useful role when combined with other test markers but may not find its way as a sole diagnostic marker for diagnosing neonatal sepsis in term/near term babies.

Understanding how Lithium is driven into layer materials such as graphite and the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is critical in optimizing performance in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Understanding how these processes change if Li is replaced by Na will be important if Na is ever to replace Li. The large interlayer spacing in, e.g., MoS2 (∼0.65nm), can accommodate species such as alkali metal ions (Li+/Na+/K+) during the intercalation reaction. Intercalation is reported to change the electronic structure of the host molecule, resulting in variations in their electrical and optical properties. However the solid-state reactions between Li and MoS2 have not been examined in atomistic detail. It is universally accepted that Li+ ions can be inserted into vdW gap but just how this reaction proceeds is still unclear. Plan-view imaging has been extensively used, but really it is essential to visualize the process with the electron beam being parallel to the basal planes of the layer material. Lattice-fringe images have actually been considered for several systems by microtoming specimens or simply using curved regions of the specimen; until the present work the orientation of the specimen was less than ideally uncontrolled. In the present study, TEM specimens are made using FIB, and oriented to allow direct observation of the basal planes. This study of reactions uses both a Tecnai F30 and a Cs/image-corrected Titan equipped with a direct electron detector camera, K2. This camera has two major advantages: the electron dose can be minimized and quick changes during reactions are recorded; a second ChemiSTEM Titan is equipped with both EELS and XEDS capabilities. As the reaction between MoS2 and Li proceeds, white-line defects have been observed using HRTEM. Lower-magnification images show that the defects are not equally spaced and do not correspond to ‘stage’ development. In fact, these defects can cross several basal planes in the MoS2 (either forwards or backwards), this breaking covalent bonds within the layers but maintain essentially the same width after the step; they are not completely constrained to the vdW gap. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations are carried out to investigate the structural accommodation of the layered material during insertion and exertion of the intercalating species (energy barriers, volumetric expansion, and phase transformations). The structural stability of the 2H and 1T phases of MoS2 during lithiation suggests that a phase transformation of the 2H phase of MoS2 to the 1T phase may occur when MoS2 is reacted with Li; the computational study allows different dosages of Lithium ion to be assessed with the aim of testing these the validity of these models using in-situ characterization of the solid-state reactions between Li and MoS2 in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The role of atomic scale bonding on the energetics and mechanisms of strain relaxation (and phase transformation) due to Li/Na/K intercalation in MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2 at the atomic scales will be presented. This work is funded by NSF GOALI grant No. 1820565. MTJ is now at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), WBM is now at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). The TEM was all carried out at CINT, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. DOE, or in SNL. SNL is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. DOE’s NNSA under contract DE-NA-0003525. The views expressed in the abstract do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. DOE or the U.S. Government.

Metabolism is a delicately coordinated entity of chemical reactions. Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) are rare congenital disorders that are mainly due to gene defect of enzymes or cofactors participating in a metabolic pathway or the transport of metabolites within a cell or between cells. The development of knowledge in basic sciences together with technology development in medical field has helped to better understand the molecular and biochemical basis of IEM. Environmental factors, ethnicity, race, consanguinity and genetic factors contribute to the increased prevalence of genetic disorders. The analytical methods have evolved over the years from thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to tandem mass spectrometry (TMS) including gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Their applications for È¡7_Ø‹5_g of IEM has opened the door for screening of conditions that previously required molecular testing or another methodology that was not practical for population-based screening. Future technologies such as Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization timeof- flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), has the potential for rapid and reliable identification of small metabolites and disease biomarkers in daily clinical laboratories, whereas DNA based screening by DNA microarrays or gene chips will allow much more improved diagnosis.These can be the boon to screening programs which will require excellent detection and follow-up servicesInternational Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 02 April’19. Page: 58-63

We report a facile synthesis of Zn2SiO4 nanotubes using a two-step process consisting of a wet-chemical synthesis of core-shell ZnO@SiO2 nanorods followed by thermal annealing. While annealing in air leads to the formation of hollow Zn2SiO4, annealing under reducing atmosphere leads to the formation of SiO2 nanotubes. We rationalize the formation of the silicate phase at temperatures much lower than the temperatures reported in the literature based on the porous nature of the silica shell on the ZnO nanorods. We present results from in situ transmission electron microscopy experiments to clearly show void nucleation at the interface between ZnO and the silica shell and the growth of the silicate phase by the Kirkendall effect. The porous nature of the silica shell is also responsible for the etching of the ZnO leading to the formation of silica nanotubes under reducing conditions. Both the hollow silica and silicate nanotubes exhibit good uranium sorption at different ranges of pH making them possible candidates for nuclear waste management.

Sepsis is the most common cause of neonatal mortality. As per National Neonatal Perinatal Database (NNPD) 2002-2003, the incidence of neonatal sepsis in India was 30 per 1000 live birth. It is 3% among intramural babies and 39.7% among extramural admissions. The early manifestations of neonatal sepsis are vague and ill-defined. Novel approaches in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis include heart rate analysis on ECG or colorimetric analysis of skin color. Although blood culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of sepsis, culture reports would be available only after 48-72 hours. In this era of multidrug resistance, it is mandatory to avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics to treat non-infected infants. Thus, rapid diagnostic test(s) that differentiate infected from non-infected infants, particularly in the early newborn period, that include Interleukien-6 (IL-6), neutrophil CD64 index, procalcitonin and nucleated RBC count, have the potential to make a significant impact on neonatal care. The aim of this review is to specify the diagnostic criteria, treatment guidelines and a summary of the newer diagnostic tests of sepsis.

Polyhedral formulations based on Rasayana therapy described in Charaka Samhita showed remarkable improvement in quality of life of various cancer patients who have been found to be refractory or poor responders to modern chemotherapy and radiation treatment. One of the most recent novel herbomineral preparation, Las01 prepared absolutely as per the instruction given in the ancient Ayurvedic literature has been found to be effective as a potent anticancer drug in the human cell lines, the MCF-7 and Hela cancer cell lines. This novel preparation of Las01 is also found to be devoid of toxicity both in animals as well as in human subjects, which is the main drawback of chemotherapeutic agents used in modern system of medicine. Our results warrant multicentric clinical trials on a large scale which seems to be a future promising drug to cure incurables cancer patients.

Sepsis is the most common cause of neonatal mortality. As per National Neonatal Perinatal Database (NNPD) 2002-2003, the incidence of neonatal sepsis in India was 30 per 1000 live birth. It is 3% among intramural babies and 39.7% among extramural admissions. The early manifestations of neonatal sepsis are vague and ill-defined. Novel approaches in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis include heart rate analysis on ECG or colorimetric analysis of skin color. Although blood culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of sepsis, culture reports would be available only after 48-72 hours. In this era of multidrug resistance, it is mandatory to avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics to treat noninfected infants. Thus, rapid diagnostic test(s) that differentiate infected from non-infected infants, particularly in the early newborn period, that include Interleukien-6 (IL-6), neutrophil CD64 index, procalcitonin and nucleated RBC count, have the potential to make a significant impact on neonatal care. The aim of this review is to specify the diagnostic criteria, treatment guidelines and a summary of the newer diagnostic tests of sepsis. KEY WORDS: Sepsis; Intramural; Extramural; Multidrug resistance

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP), the nosocomial pneumonia developing in mechanically ventilated patients after 48 hours of mechanical ventilation, is the second most common nosocomial infection. Therefore, there is a vital need to study the etiology and risk factors associated with VAP in neonates. Neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), over a period of 1 year and who required mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours were enrolled consecutively into the study. Diagnosis of VAP was made by the guidelines given by National Nosocomial infection Surveillance System (NNIS, 1996). Semi-quantitative assay of endotracheal aspirate was used for microbiological diagnoses of VAP. 105CFU/ml was taken as the cut off between evidence of pathological infection and colonization. The risk factors such as birth weight, prematurity (gestational age < 37 weeks), duration of mechanical ventilation, number of reintubations, length of hospital stay, primary diagnosis of neonate, postnatal age and small for gestational age (SGA) were studied for the development of VAP. Risk factors found significant on bivariate analysis were subjected to multiple regression analysis to determine the most important predictors of VAP. The study group comprised of 98 neonates out of which, 30 neonates developed VAP (30.6%). VAP rates were 37.2 per 1000 days of mechanical ventilation. Most common bacterial isolated from endotracheal aspirate of VAP patients was Klebsiella spp (32.8%), E.coli (23.2%) and Acinetobacter (17.8%) being the other two common organisms. Very low birth weight (< 1500 grams), prematurity (gestational age < 37 week), duration of mechanical ventilation, number of reintubations and length of NICU stay were significantly associated with VAP in bivariate analysis. Multiple regression analysis revealed that duration of mechanical ventilation (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02, 1.21; P = 0.021) and very low birth weight (OR 3.88, 95% CI 1.05, 14.34; P = 0.042) were two single independent and statistically significant risk factors for predicting VAP. VAP developed in nearly one third of intubated neonates having gram negative organisms as predominant etiological agent.

A case of Weismann-Netter-Stuhl syndrome was described because of its rare entity in pediatric age group. The clinical presentation was short stature with bowing of lower legs with characteristic radiological findings. It was differentiated from congenital syphilis and rickets by negative laboratory results and the characteristic radiographic features of anterior and medial bowing of the mid to distal third of the tibiae and fibulae and cortical hyperostosis of the concave margins.

In the context of drug delivery it is crucial to gain knowledge of nature of the cell's internal barriers, as well as one needs to be aware of requirements for the study of spatial and temporal interactions of drug delivery vehicles with the cell. Fluorescent imaging technology can be a great innovation in the field of science as far as study of live cell imaging and dynamic events are concerned. The technique has also demonstrated the ability to integrate the anatomic, functional, and statistical data. The current review article discusses various fluorescent techniques and also elaborates the scope of fluorescent imaging in the field of drug delivery.

Pharmacogenomics deals with the interactions of individual genetic constitution with drug therapy. It is very likely that pharmacogenetic tests will make up a significant proportion of total molecular biology testing in future. Therefore, this article emphasizes the applications of pharmacogenomics, and computational genome analysis in drug therapy.