Search

Objective: The aim: To investigate morphofunctional changes in bone tissue, mucous membranes of different parts of the intestine, parathyroid glands, as well as changes in blood biochemical parameters depending on the length of the common loop in modeling gastric bypass with one anastomosis within 60 days., Patients and Methods: Materials and methods: Modeling of obesity in males of white outbred rats (n = 50) which were induced high-calorie diet with high animal fat content. Weight was measured before the induced diet, 1,2,3 months after the start of the induced diet and 2 months after surgery to assess the dynamics of excess weight loss. Rats were divided into three groups: control group - 5 rats, 1st group - 10 rats, 2nd group - 10 rats, 25 rats were removed from the experiment., Results: Results: The average weight of rats before introduction into the diet was 180.5 grams, after 3 months of induced diet reached 256.7 grams, the average weight gain was 76.2 grams (42.2%). 1 group of rats had a weight loss of -16.2% (41.7 grams), Second group had a weight loss of -20.6% (53.2 grams) 60 days after gastric bypass surgery., Conclusion: Conclusions: The average statistical indicators of blood tests of the second group of animals in comparison with the first group show lower levels of iron phosphorus?magne¬sium, total protein and albumin. The average body weight loss of the first group was -16.2% (41.7 grams), the second -20.6% (53.2 grams) with a difference of 11.7 grams, which is not significant.

The cancer recti local recurrence is nonresectable in 50-70% of observations, it is treated using irradiation or chemo-irradiation therapy, which improve the patients quality of life and guarantee the 12-13 mo survival mediana. In subsequent progressing disease cryosurgical method of treatment is applied. The results of it application in 22 patients are presented. The survival mediana had constituted 12 mo, the period of time before subsequent progression of the disease--6 mo. The patients quality of life improvement due to the bleeding stoppage, the tumor destruction, the pain elimination achievement was proved by the ECOG scale changes.

Legislative documents of Ukraine as well as manuals of international organizations dealing with state regulation and social guaranties in Health Care have been analyzed. The use of standards in oncology institution in Ukraine has been studied. It was established that there is discrepancy in standards being used, lack of financing directed to oncology institutions. Controversial points concerning theoretical aspects were found as follows: the regulation of negative figures and selection of the complex of diagnostic and treatment procedures. The requirements to branch standards and principles of standardization of medical care provided to oncological patients.

We studied the effect of the anticancer drug Ukrain on Lewis carcinoma in C57BL/6 mice. A marked progressive anticancer and antimetastatic effect was observed. On day 33 of tumor development, the tumor growth inhibition and metastases inhibition index were 71.5% and 73.1%, respectively. The antimetastatic effect of the drug manifested as a decrease in both number and volume of lung metastases. This finding demonstrates that treatment with Ukrain in Lewis carcinoma-bearing mice not only prevents the formation of new metastases but also inhibits the growth of existing ones. In addition to possessing anticancer and antimetastatic effects, Ukrain has been demonstrated to affect parameters characterizing the state of the immune system. This effect manifested as an increase in the endocrine function of the thymus (a central organ of the immune system), an increase in serum interferon, adhesion of peritoneal macrophages and formation of antibodies against thymus-dependent antigen by spleen plasma cells. Together with intensification of functional activity of the immune system, Ukrain increased the number of lymphoid cells and monocytes in peripheral blood. In addition to the increase in lymphocytes, the number of large granular lymphocytes also increased, i.e., cells possessing natural cytotoxic activity. The results obtained suggest that the antitumor, and especially the antimetastatic, effect of Ukrain is due to its immune-modulating properties, specifically, activation of antitumor resistance concerned with release of interferon and thymus humoral factors. Natural killer (NK) activity is one part of this resistance. NK cells are able to recognize and eliminate from the circulation cells with the potential to form metastases.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is one of the most challenging problems in modern oncology. Creation of drugs inhibiting specifically intracellular signal tracks which being activated in its turn lead to oncogenes hyperexpression and inactivating other genes responsible for suppression of oncogenes, leading eventually to a cell's constant proliferation. This method is a new approach for cancer treatment. Nowadays homogeneous antibodies are widely used against superficial lymphocyte antigens. Rituximab is an anti-CD20 antibody fixed on the surface of malignant cells of most B-small cell lymphomas. In the department of systematic tumors at the institute of oncology of Medical Academy of Sciences a patient with large diffuse B-cell lymphomas had received Rituximab treatment. After the treatment, laboratory data and clinical investigation of the patient showed no signs of the disease. The patient was under observation at the institute of oncology of Medical Academy of Sciences over one year and found clinically, and according to its laboratory data, in a stable remission state.

The data about the ability of various substances to cause definite reactions in biological objects are adduced, and, in particular, about the efficacy of a small doses of antitumoral chemopreparations in experiment. The results of investigation of the application efficacy of various doses of immunomodulating agents, such as arbisol, nucleoplat, the substrate from gram-negative bacteria Yersinia enterocolitica, antitumoral vaccine from the tumoral cells are presented for the cancer chemotherapy. While application of super-small doses of an antitumoral vaccine there was noted statistically significant inhibition of tumoral growth.

The state of diagnosis of malignant tumors in Ukraine concerning the indexes of opportunity, activity, accuracy was analysed. Complex of measures for an early detection of oncologic patients in all ranks of medical-sanitary aid to population was proposed.

Ten years experience of the polyplatillene clinical application and experimental study is summarized. Results of treatment of 689 inner organs cancer patients stage IV, I-IV clinical groups. The advantages of polyplatillene versus others platinum group chemopreparations are shown. Manufacturing difficulties, mistakes and perils of the preparation application are pointed out. The direct dose-dependence of results is shown. Possibilities of polyplatillene application in biotechnology, radiology, virusology as a regulator of the cell division, viral replication and their interaction with a cell is shown.

Results of the action of a preparation consisting of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum and deoxyribonucleic acid combined in the saline balanced solution by means of the original technique on cytomegalovirus infection of patients with cancer of the liver are presented. Clearly pronounced antivirus activity of the preparation developed is noted.

A 19-year experience with surgical treatment of the patients with focal hepatic lesions is presented. Hepatic resection was performed in 149 patients. Of them, 52 underwent atypical resection with the use of ultrasound aspirator, laser scalpel, temporary exclusion of the liver out of circulation, placement of staple suture of the parenchyma, preliminary roentgenovascular embolization of the major vessels of the lobe removed. A modern classification of the methods of hepatic resection reflecting most accurately a volume of the parenchyma removed is presented. The postoperative lethality was 6.08%.

The results of operative treatment of 2,875 patients with obstructive jaundice and cholangitis of nonneoplastic genesis are generalized. On the basis of rich clinical experience, the authors substantiate the principles of differential and topical diagnosis in obstructive jaundice and purulent cholangitis as well as the optimal therapeutic tactics in obstruction of the bile ducts of various levels and types. Problems are elaborated with respect of complex antibacterial therapy with the use of various routes of administration, including administration in the pre- and intraoperative period for preventive purposes.