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Whole plant extracts ofCroton sparsiflorusin methanol have shown significant enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activities. Bioassay-guided isolation of chloroform fraction at pH 3 resulted in the identification of crotsparinine (1) and crotsparine (2), while sparsiflorine (3) was purified from the chloroform fraction at pH 9. The structures of the compounds were confirmed through spectral analyses (EI-MS,1H and13C NMR). The isolated compounds1–3exhibited remarkable enzyme inhibition activity with IC50values 27.01 ± 1.1, 22.26 ± 1.0 and 18.02 ± 1.3 μM in xanthine oxidase and 48.42 ± 1.5, 48.05 ± 1.4 and 7.42 ± 1.0 μM in acetylcholine esterase assays, respectively. These compounds also showed potent radical scavenging and reducing properties in DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively. The present results suggest the validity of the traditional uses ofC.sparsiflorusin rheumatism and gout. Furthermore, the isolated noraporphine alkaloids can be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The flesh color of watermelon is an important trait that is determined by carotenoid composition and affects consumers' fruit desirability. Although a complete dominant control by C locus ( Cllcyb ) for canary yellow flesh (CY) over red flesh has been reported, red and CY colors frequently appear as a mixed pattern in the same flesh (incomplete canary yellow, ICY) in F 1 and inbred lines carrying dominant C alleles. Therefore, we examined the genetic control of the mixed color pattern in ICY using whole-genome resequencing of three ICY (ICY group) and three CY inbred lines (CY group), as well as genetic linkage mapping of an F 2 population. The segregation pattern in 135 F 2 plants indicated that CY is controlled by a single locus (named C 2 ) dominant over ICY. The whole-genome resequencing of ICY and CY inbred lines revealed an ICY/CY-specific region of approximately 27.60-27.88 Mb on Chr. 2 that was polymorphic between the ICY and CY groups. Our genetic map, using nine cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers developed based on the single-nucleotide polymorphisms from the ICY/CY-specific region, confirmed that C 2 is located on Chr. 2 and cosegregated with the marker (M7) derived from a non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism of the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) gene ( ClPPR , Cla97C02G039880 ). Additionally, 27 watermelon inbred lines of ICY, CY, and red flesh were evaluated using previously reported Cllcyb ( C locus)-based markers and our C 2 locus-linked ClPPR -based marker (M7). As a result, dominant alleles at the C 2 locus were required to produce CY, in addition to dominant alleles at the C locus, while a recessive homozygous genotype at the C locus gave the red flesh irrespective of the genotype at the C 2 locus. Using a ClPPR -based cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence developed in this study and Cllcyb -based markers, watermelon cultivars with CY, ICY, and red flesh could be successfully discerned, implying that the combined use of these markers will be efficient for marker-assisted selection of flesh color in watermelon breeding., Competing Interests: Authors GK and YK were employed by the company Partner Seeds Co., Ltd., and Author BJ was employed by the company UNELL Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Park, Shahwar, Jang, Shin, Kwon, Kim, Hong, Jin, Kim, Lee and Park.)

Cardiac rhabdomyoma is the most common primary cardiac tumour and is considered to be a hamartoma of developing embryonic cardiac myocytes. It is commonly seen in tuberous sclerosis. The size and location of the tumour is the surrogate determinant of the risk of haemodynamic compromise. Pericardial rhabdomyoma is very rare and tends to follow the inherent natural history of spontaneous regression. We present cases of two foetuses diagnosed with large pericardial rhabdomyoma and no haemodynamic consequences.

Investigations were carried out to analyze the role of anatase nanoparticles in inducing genetic variability in lentils (Lens culinaris Medik.) for yield improvement and subsequent involvement in development, quality, and biochemical response of second-generation seedlings through their lifecycle. Trans-generational alterations in the morphological and biochemical pool of the plant system were evaluated over a range of concentrations (25-200 µg/mL). Analysis of F 2 seedlings showed an increase in yield parameters at the lowest concentration (25 µg/mL). Biochemical studies revealed that the F 2 plants experienced lower oxidative stress as compared with previous generation plants. Quality analysis of seeds revealed a slight positive shift in the mean values of seed protein content at the lowest concentration. The effect of nanoparticles on the growth parameters was antagonistic except at the lowest concentration, where the growth parameters were found to be slightly higher than in the controls. The variability present in different traits in the F 2 populations was quantified as phenotypic variability and its components, which is a measure of the transmissibility of variations of the so-called mutated populations as a result of nanoparticle application.

In the title compound, C(17)H(13)NO(2)S(2), the dihedral angles between the 2-sulfanyl-idene-1,3-thia-zolidin-4-one group and the pendant toluene and 2-hy-droxy-benzene rings are 74.62 (6) and 8.73 (12)°, respectively. An intra-molecular C-H⋯S inter-action occurs. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate R(2) (2)(16) loops. This link is reinforced by a pair of C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The dimers are connected by weak C-H⋯S inter-actions.

In the title compound, C(9)H(9)N(3)O(3)S, the benzene ring and the N-carbamothio-ylacetamide unit are oriented at a dihedral angle of 54.82 (4)°. The dihedral angle between the ring and its attached nitro group is 28.54 (12)°. An intra-molecular, bifurcated N-H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bond generates two S(6) rings. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds generate R(2) (2)(8) loops. Weak C-H⋯O inter-actions link the dimers.

In the crystal structure of title compound, C(9)H(10)N(2)OS, there are two symmetry-independent mol-ecules, each having an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond generating an S(6) ring motif. The benzene rings and the virtually planar acetyl-thoiurea fragments [r.m.s. deviations = 0.0045 and 0.0341 Å] are oriented at dihedral angles of 50.71 (6) and 62.79 (6)° in the two mol-ecules. In the crystal, N-H⋯S and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link mol-ecules via cyclic R(2) (2)(8) and R(2) (2)(12) motifs into a one-dimensional polymeric network extending along [101]. The intra- and inter-molecular N-H⋯O inter-actions are part of a three-center hydrogen bond. A C-H⋯S inter-action also occurs.

In the title mol-ecule, C(17)H(13)NOS(2), the essentially planar thia-zole ring (r.m.s deviation 0.005 Å) forms dihedral angles of 16.85 (8)° and 75.02 (8)° with the phenyl rings. The dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings is 61.95 (9)°.

In the title compound, C(13)H(13)NO(3)S, the benzene ring of the benzene-sulfonamide moiety is disordered with an occupancy ratio of 0.56 (3):0.44 (3), the disorder components being twisted at and angle of 21 (1)° to each other. The meth-oxy-benzene group is roughly planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0144 Å) and the amide N atom is displaced from this plane by 0.090 (6) Å. The dihedral angles between the meth-oxy-benzene group and the major and minor occupancy components of the disordered benzene ring are 54.6 (4) and 62.9 (5)°, respectively. In the crystal, infinite polymeric chains are formed along [100] due to inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding. Weak C-H⋯π inter-actions are also present in the crystal.

In the title compound, C(10)H(9)NOS(2), the five-membered heterocyclic ring and the benzyl moiety are oriented at a dihedral angle of 77.25 (4)°. In the crystal, infinite polymeric C(6) chains extending along [001] are formed due to C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. C-H⋯π inter-actions link the chains, building up a three-dimensional network.

In the title compound, C(15)H(11)NO(2)S, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 80.35 (7)°. The heterocyclic six-membered ring is not planar: the puckering parameters of this ring are Q = 0.5308 (15) Å, θ = 63.11 (18) and ϕ = 23.5 (2)°. The mol-ecules are linked into inversion dimers with R(2) (2)(8) ring motifs by pairs of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The dimers are inter-linked into polymeric sheets extending parallel to the bc plane by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating R(2) (1)(7) ring motifs. π-π inter-actions occur between the benzoyl phenyl rings with centroid-centroid separations of 3.9187 (15) Å.

In the title compound, C(10)H(9)NOS(2), the toluene group and the 2-thioxo-1,3-thia-zolidin-4-one unit are planar with r.m.s. deviations of 0.0082 and 0.0136 Å, respectively. The dihedral angle between them is 71.20 (9)°. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are stabilized through inter-molecular C-H⋯O contacts, forming polymeric sheets extending parallel to the (01) plane. C-H⋯π contacts also occur.

In the title compound, C(13)H(17)NO(2), the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the basal plane of the cyclo-hexyl ring is 49.55 (8)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating in [010].

In the title compound, C(10)H(9)NOS(2), the dihedral angle between the rhodanine (2-thioxo-1,3-thia-zolidin-4-one) and 3-methyl-phenyl rings is 83.30 (3)°. The H atoms of the methyl group are disordered over two set of sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.58 (3):0.42 (3). In the crystal, the mol-ecules inter-act by way of C-H⋯π and C=O⋯π inter-actions.

In the title compound, C(10)H(9)NOS(2), the 1,3-thia-zolidine and 2-methyl-phenyl rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 84.44 (9)°. In the crystal, an unusual bifurcated C-H⋯(O,π) inter-action leads to zigzag chains of mol-ecules.

In the title compound, C(9)H(13)NOS(2), the complete mol-ecule is generated by crystallographic mirror symmetry, with all the non-H atoms of the rhodanine (2-thioxo-1,3-thia-zolidin-4-one) system and two C atoms of the cyclo-hexyl ring lying on the reflecting plane. The conformation is stabilized by intra-molecular C-H⋯O and C-H⋯S inter-actions. In the crystal, weak π-π inter-actions at a distance of 3.8140 (5) Å between the centroids of the heterocyclic rings occur.

In the title compound, C(17)H(13)NOS(2), the heterocyclic ring is oriented at a dihedral angle of 74.43 (5)° with respect to the anilinic benzene ring and at a dihedral angle of 17.31 (9)° with respect to phenyl ring. An intra-molecular C-H⋯S inter-action occurs, resulting in an S(6) ring. In the crystal, the packing is consolidated by C-H⋯π inter-actions and possible very weak aromatic π-π stacking [centroid-centroid separation = 4.025 (1) Å].

In the title compound, C(16)H(11)NO(2)S(2), the dihedral angles between the heterocyclic ring and the phenyl and anilinic benzene rings are 9.68 (13) and 79.26 (6)°, respectively, and an intra-molecular C-H⋯S inter-action occurs. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds occur, leading to R(2) (2)(10) loops, and C-H⋯O and weak C-H⋯π inter-actions further consolidate the packing.

In the title compound, C(11)H(9)NO(3)S(2)·CH(4)O, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 3.57 (16)° and intra-molecular O-H⋯O and C-H⋯S inter-actions occur. In the crystal, the thia-zolidin-4-one mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains. The hydrogen-bond motifs lead to S(5), S(6) and R(3) (3)(8) ring motifs. There exist C=O⋯π inter-actions between the heterocyclic rings and π-π inter-actions between the heterocyclic and benzene rings at distances of 3.455 (2) and 3.602 (2) Å, respectively. The methanol solvent mol-ecule is disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.542 (9):0.458 (9) ratio.

In the title compound, C(10)H(7)NO(2)S(2)·0.5CH(3)OH, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 11.43 (11)° and a short intra-molecular C-H⋯S contact occurs. The methanol solvent mol-ecule is equally disordered over two sets of sites. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds occur. The methanol solvent mol-ecule connects the dimers through O-H⋯S and O-H⋯O inter-molecular hydrogen bonds. Further stability is afforded by C-H⋯π and π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid separation = 3.5948 (13) Å].

In the title compound, C(14)H(13)NO(2), the aromatic rings attached to the O and N atoms make dihedral angles of 62.65 (9) and 38.28 (11)°, respectively, with the central carbamate group. The benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 39.22 (10)°. In the crystal, a very weak C-H⋯π inter-action occurs.

In the title compound, C(13)H(11)NO(2), the aromatic rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 42.52 (12)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which form infinite one-dimensional polymeric chains extending along the a axis. C-H⋯π inter-actions between the aromatic rings are also present.

In the title compound, C(7)H(10)N(+)·C(2)H(2)ClO(2) (-), the planar chloracetate ion [with a maximum deviation of 0.025 (3) Å] is oriented at a dihedral angle of 31.07 (4)° with respect to the planar [maximum deviation of 0.022 (3) Å] phenyl-methanaminium cation. In the crystal structure, inter-mol-ecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into a network. A weak C-H⋯π inter-action is also present.

In the crystal of the title compound, C(6)H(14)N(+)·C(2)Cl(3)O(2) (-), centrosymmetric assemblies of two cyclo-hexa-naminium cations and two trichloro-acetate ions are linked by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, thereby forming R(4) (4)(12) ring motifs. Further N-H⋯O inter-actions link the tetra-mers into chains propagating along the a axis.

The title compound, C(7)H(7)NO(3)·H(2)O, which crystallized as a hydrate, was obtained from an extraction of the plant species Saussurea atkinsonii of the asteraceae family collected from the hilly area (Ayubia) of Pakistan during the flowering season. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the carboxyl-ate group is 25.64 (5)°. In the crystal, the packing is consolidated by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, as well as weak aromatic π-π stacking [centroid-centroid separation = 3.9365 (9) Å] and C=O⋯π inter-actions.

The title compound, C(15)H(16)N(2)S, crystallizes with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The crystallographic behaviour of the two isomers is different. The mol-ecules are dimerized, forming an R(2) (2)(8) ring motif due to inter-molecular N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds. C-H⋯S hydrogen bonds form R(2) (2)(12) ring motifs. In one molecule, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 62.54 (6)°, whereas in the other it is 79.54 (6)°. The H atoms of one of the methyl groups in each molecule are disordered over two sites, with occupancy ratios of 0.52 (3):0.48 (3) and 0.60 (3):0.40 (3).

In the title compound, C(12)H(15)NO(6)S, the aromatic ring is oriented at dihedral angles of 64.76 (11) and 56.42 (13)° with respect to the planar methyl ester unit and the SO(2) group, respectively. The dihedral angle between the SO(2) group and the planar methoxy-carbonyl-methyl group is 50.42 (14)°. Intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonding results in the formation of an eight-membered ring. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules.