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827 results on '"September"'

101. INSTITUTIONAL REDESIGN: TERRORISM, PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM, AND THE EVOLUTION OF HOMELAND SECURITY IN THE UNITED STATES.

Author

Cohen, David B. and Cook, Alethia H.

Subjects
*TERRORISM, *NATIONAL security
Abstract

Utilizing Baumgartner and Jones (1993) theory of punctuated equilibrium, we examine several terrorist attacks that occurred in the U.S. and Japan during the past decade: the World Trade Center Bombing of 1993; the Sarin nerve gas attack on the Tokyo subway in 1995; the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995; and the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The analysis demonstrates that earlier incidents failed to mobilize sufficient public interest to bring about major change. Only in the aftermath of September 11, was sufficient public attention focused on homeland security to bring about significant change. We also examine the institutional evolution of homeland defense in the U.S. and the creation and missions of the Office of Homeland Security and proposed Department of Homeland Security. The paper concludes with a critical assessment as to whether the new organizations have been given the necessary tools to adequately confront the threat posed by terrorism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002

102. God Said So: Fundamentalism, Cultural Conflict, and International Relations.

Author

Aspinwall, Mark, Callahan, William A., and Welch, Stephen

Subjects
*SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001, *TERRORISM, *PROTESTANT fundamentalism, *SOCIOCULTURAL factors, *STATES (Political subdivisions), *RELIGION & politics
Abstract

The paper examines various paradigms, consisting of analysis/policy implication pairs, of the attacks on the United States of 11 September 2001. It probes the underlying interpretive tendencies of each, noting a problematic failure to reconcile in analysis political with cultural factors. It investigates the concept of religious fundamentalism as a further paradigm, firstly by comparing the cases of al-Qaeda and the Branch Davidians, and then in theoretical terms, with a view to specifying a fundamentalist cultural syndrome. It investigates the intermixture of political and cultural elements in such a syndrome, positing in the process the concept of cultural infrastructure, and investigating this in relation to cultural as well as social-territorial marginalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002

103. The Bush Doctrine and American Nationalism.

Author

McCartney, Paul

Subjects
*PRESIDENTS of the United States, *SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001, *NATIONAL character, *INTERNATIONAL relations, *HUMANITY
Abstract

In this paper, I examine the relationship between American national identity and post-9/11 U.S. foreign policy. I begin by analyzing in some depth the nature and sources of American national identity and its natural, inevitable relationship with U.S. foreign policy. As a nation defined by a creed and sense of mission, Americans equate their interests with those of humanity. This belief informs their global posture. Next, in deconstructing the speeches President Bush made in response to the terrorist attacks, in which he also framed for the American public his emerging foreign policy program, I highlight how Bush employed moralistic and nationalistic rhetoric in order to render the tragedy intelligible to the American people, while also reassuring them that the country would respond forcefully and decisively to the attacks. I emphasize that even in a situation that implicates the national interest as obviously as the terrorist attacks did, the president felt compelled to rely on moralistic constructions of American identity and purpose to frame the country’s response. In the process, he also communicated the Bush Doctrine that would structure the subsequent goals of U.S. foreign policy. I then analyze a selection of Bush’s subsequent speeches and radio addresses to show how he has continued to legitimate his policy proposals according to formulas developed in the immediate aftermath of the tragedy. Finally, I assess the significance and implications of both the Bush Doctrine and American nationalism, concluding that only a combined commitment to nation-building and multilateralism would appropriately honor American principles in an era in which American imperialism cannot be avoided. Given the current administration’s penchant for unilateralism during a time when American power is pervasively implicated everywhere, continued reliance on universalistic rhetoric is not only morally problematic, but also dangerously hypocritical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002

104. NATO After 9/11.

Author

Kaufman, Joyce P.

Subjects
*INTERNATIONAL alliances, *SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001, *WAR on Terrorism, 2001-2009, *TERRORISM
Abstract

In this paper I will argue that over the past decade (specifically, since 1991), NATO has experienced a number of issues that deeply divided the Alliance. Initially, September 11 brought the NATO nations together in pursuit of a common threat (terrorism) once again. Despite the plethora of articles and op-ed pieces that have already been written about what September 11 means for NATO, it is far too soon to really know what the long-term impact will be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002

105. Terrorism and International Conflict.

Author

Bapat, Navin A.

Subjects
*TERRORISM, *INTERNATIONAL conflict, *TERRORISTS, *INTERNATIONAL relations, *INTERNATIONAL crimes
Abstract

Many scholars and policymakers argue that targets of transnational terrorism should retaliate against the hosts of such groups with military force. Although several terrorist experts accept this argument, empirical tests demonstrate that military force does not successfully reduce terrorist attacks. This paper addresses two questions based on these observations. First, given its poor record of success, why do states employ force against host states of terrorism? Second, what are the conditions under which military force is likely to achieve the intended result of decreasing terrorist activity? Using a game theoretic approach, I conclude that target states resort to violence against hosts of transnational terrorist due to the inability of certain host states to fulfill obligations to control indigenous terrorists. I further conclude that the strategy to use force against host states should precipitate an increase in the level of terrorist activity faced by a target state. The paper concludes with suggestions for further theoretical development and empirical testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002

106. September 11 in Comparative Perspective: The Counter-Terrorism Campaigns of Germany and Japan.

Author

Katzenstein, Peter J.

Subjects
*COUNTERTERRORISM, *INTERNATIONAL relations, *COMPARATIVE government, *SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001, *INTERNATIONAL organization
Abstract

Big events in world politics provide students of international relations and comparative politics with the closest thing to a natural experiment. September 11th is no exception. For a political analysis of terrorism material capabilities and objective factors are typically besides the point. What matters are the political importance of processes that shape how groups and governments conceive of the use of violence, how publics perceive and interpret insecurity, and how threats are constructed politically. Such conceptions, interpretations and processes of threat construction occur largely within polities rather than between them. And domestic politics differ across countries in ways that deserve careful analysis by those interested in the international politics of counter-terrorism. The attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon is like a strong beam of light which gets filtered by distinct national lenses that create different political responses even in democratic, capitalist states closely allied with the United States such as Germany and Japan. September 11 supports the view of both proponents and critics of globalization. Operating within, across and alongside states, the AlQaeda network is a close approximation of the novel condition of world politics that globalization theory, with its insistence on converging practices, has illuminated. Sharp differences in counter-terrorism policies, the focus of this paper, underlines the importance of states whose policies are retaining striking differences. And distinctive national responses are embedded in different regional contexts, illustrated here by Europe and Southeast Asia. This diversity in national approaches in a plural world underlines the difficulty that U.S. diplomacy is likely to face in a prolonged war on terrorism conceived of as a clash between good and evil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002

107. The More Things Change... American Identity and Mass and Elite Responses to 9/11.

Author

Schildkraut, Deborah J.

Subjects
*AMERICAN national character, *ATTACK on Pearl Harbor (Hawaii), 1941, *SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001, *MASS media, *PUBLIC opinion
Abstract

This paper examines conceptions of American national identity by contrasting Americans’ responses to the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941 with their responses to the terrorist attacks in 2001. Examinations of official rhetoric, mass media statements, and public opinion after Pearl Harbor and after 9/11 reveal changes as well as continuities in the relationship between conceptions of national identity and responses to experiencing threat in the face of diversity. Lingering ascriptivist views have been reawakened by 9/11, yet this narrow image of American identity is being directly challenged by a more inclusive incorporationist tradition. This clash of symbolic conceptions of national identity results in divergence between elite rhetoric and mass opinion, with elites promoting incorporationism and ordinary citizens displaying the reawakening of ascriptivist norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002

108. The politics of threat: Cognitive and affective reactions to 9/11.

Author

Huddy, Leonie, Feldman, Stanley, Taber, Charles, and Lahav, Gallya

Subjects
*SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001, *TERRORISM, *TERRORISTS, *TELEPHONE surveys, *MILITARY surveillance, *EMIGRATION & immigration
Abstract

We examine American reactions to the attacks of 9/11 to assess whether the terrorists' actions instilled fear in the American public, and thus undercut support for retaliatory action. We contrast this with the success of the government in amassing support for its war on terrorism, and examine whether concerns about future attacks simply hardened American resolve against the perpetrators of 9/11. We draw on a national telephone survey in which 1,570 adults were interviewed between early October, 2001 and early March, 2002 in a study based on a rolling corss-section design. We found that the terrorists achieved their objective to a very limited degree. A substantial number Americans appraised the risk of future attacks on the nation as relatively high, and a minority expressed considerable levels of fear and anxiety in response to the attacks and the US response. Moreover, individuals who experienced high levels of fear and anxiety after the attacks were less supportive of aggressive military action against terrorists and generally favored increased American isolationism. Yet this finding needs to be balanced against the response of a majority of Americans who viewed future terrorist attacks as likely and supported government action domestically and internationally to combat the threat of terrorism. Thus, individuals who appraised the risk of terrorism more highly were more supportive of overseas military action, approved of President Bush's handling of events post-9/11, supported a curtailment of civil liberties, and wanted increased surveillance and tighter immigration restrictions placed on Arabs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002

109. Rethinking Crisis Government.

Author

Scheuerman, William E.

Subjects
*EXECUTIVE power, *SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001, *CRISES, *TERRORISM
Abstract

The rush to broaden executive prerogative in the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attacks rests on a series of traditional assumptions about the nature of executive power that no longer hold water. In particular, the conventional conception of the unitary executive as best suited to the demanding tasks of crisis government is subject to criticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002

110. Interacting Variables in the case of September 11: the Role of Ideas and Domestic Politics.

Author

Gourevitch, Peter

Subjects
*SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001, *INTERNATIONAL relations, *INTERNATIONAL cooperation, *PRACTICAL politics
Abstract

The events of 9/11 throw into sharp relief the interaction of many variables in shaping important outcomes in international affairs. THe paper explores some of these interactions: the relationship of ideas to other power resources, and the interaction of domestic and international politics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002

111. Public Attitudes toward European Muslims before and after September 11.

Author

Fetzer, Joel S. and Soper, J. Christopher

Subjects
*ATTITUDE (Psychology), *EUROPEANS, *MUSLIMS, *ISLAM, *SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001
Abstract

This paper examines mass-level Europeans’ attitudes toward state accommodation of Muslim religious practices. Data include our privately commissioned polls conducted in Britain, France, and Germany before and after September 11, 2001 as well as the 1995 French National Election Study and the 1996 ALLBUS. Manuscript tests various theories about the causes of public attitudes: gender, education, social class, religious-minority status, religious practice, church-state arrangements, and the 9/11 attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002

112. Networks and Failed States: September 11 and the Long Twentieth Century.

Author

Kahler, Miles

Subjects
*SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001, *INTERNATIONAL relations, UNITED States politics & government, 2001-2009
Abstract

The attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on 11 September 2001 may shed new light on familiar features of the international system. Three familiar constituents of late twentieth-century international politics converged on that date: networks, dual-use technologies of destruction, and failed states. Each was subject to reinterpretation in the wake of the attacks. Viewing the world in this new way also redefines the policy demands on the United States and other governments. The key question that remains-and is at present unanswerable-is whether the changes revealed and their configuration on September 11 are likely to be permanent, or whether those events will be seen as terrible but singular. Check author’s web site for an updated version of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002

113. Getting What ‘We’ Deserve: Terrorism, Tolerance, Sexuality, and the Christian Right.

Author

Burack, Cynthia

Subjects
*SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001, *SOCIAL change, *LGBTQ+ communities, *ACTIVISTS
Abstract

On September 13th, 2001 Jerry Falwell made a guest appearance on Pat Robertson's 700 Club by remote satellite and commented on the bombings of the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. Together, the two ministers expressed the outlines of a "politics of desert" that links American tolerance of lesbians and gays, feminists, atheists, and others with God's punishment on the polity. Although Falwell and Robertson were widely denounced for their comments, little analysis followed in the media of the theological and political content of the Christian right's politics of desert or of the multiple modes of address that Christian right leaders use to deliver political messages to followers and to the general US public. This essay addresses these themes and, more specifically, links the Falwell-Robertson comments to recent Christian right political activism against lesbians and gay men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002

114. SEPTIEMBRE.

Author

de Sahagún, Bernardino

Subjects
*AZTEC calendar, *SEPTEMBER, *SPECIAL days
Abstract

El artículo presenta parte del calendario mexica (azteca) superpuesto con el mes de septiembre en el calendario moderno, incluyendo eventos religiosos y fechas especiales.

Published
2014

115. September Arctic sea-ice minimum predicted by spring melt-pond fraction.

Author

Schröder, David, Feltham, Daniel L., Flocco, Daniela, and Tsamados, Michel

Subjects
SEA ice, ARCTIC climate, CLIMATE change, SEPTEMBER, ALBEDO, SUMMER
Abstract

The area of Arctic September sea ice has diminished from about 7 million km2 in the 1990s to less than 5 million km2 in five of the past seven years, with a record minimum of 3.6 million km2 in 2012 (ref. ). The strength of this decrease is greater than expected by the scientific community, the reasons for this are not fully understood, and its simulation is an on-going challenge for existing climate models. With growing Arctic marine activity there is an urgent demand for forecasting Arctic summer sea ice. Previous attempts at seasonal forecasts of ice extent were of limited skill. However, here we show that the Arctic sea-ice minimum can be accurately forecasted from melt-pond area in spring. We find a strong correlation between the spring pond fraction and September sea-ice extent. This is explained by a positive feedback mechanism: more ponds reduce the albedo; a lower albedo causes more melting; more melting increases pond fraction. Our results help explain the acceleration of Arctic sea-ice decrease during the past decade. The inclusion of our new melt-pond model promises to improve the skill of future forecast and climate models in Arctic regions and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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116. The Utah Statesman, September 28, 2020

Author

Utah State University

Subjects
Statesman, September, Utah State University, The Utah Statesman, Newspaper
Abstract

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan, https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/newspapers/2694/thumbnail.jpg

Published
2020

117. A case of Williams syndrome with suspected coexisting ectopic aldosterone-producing tumor in the liver

Author

Kazuhito Misawa, Bunya Takahashi, Satoshi Terae, Yuto Yamazaki, Shuhei Baba, Arina Miyoshi, Hiroaki Usubuchi, Shinji Obara, Masao Sunahara, Takahiro Oshima, Norio Wada, Hironobu Sasano, and Takahiro Tsuji

Subjects
Adult, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Adrenal Rest Tumor, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, Plasma renin activity, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Primary aldosteronism, Japan, Error in diagnosis/pitfalls and caveats, Internal Medicine, medicine, Adrenal adenoma, Adrenal, Vein, September, lcsh:RC648-665, Aldosterone, business.industry, Asian - Japanese, medicine.disease, Hypokalemia, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, medicine.symptom, Differential diagnosis, business
Abstract

Summary A 31-year-old man with Williams syndrome (WS) was referred to our hospital because of a 9-year history of hypertension, hypokalemia, and high plasma aldosterone concentration to renin activity ratio. A diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA) was clinically confirmed but an abdominal CT scan showed no abnormal findings in his adrenal glands. However, a 13-mm hypervascular tumor in the posterosuperior segment of the right hepatic lobe was detected. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) subsequently revealed the presence of an extended tributary of the right adrenal vein to the liver surrounding the tumor. Segmental AVS further demonstrated a high plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) in the right superior tributary vein draining the tumor. Laparoscopic partial hepatectomy was performed. The resected tumor histologically separated from the liver was composed of clear cells, immunohistochemically positive for aldesterone synthase (CYP11B2), and subsequently diagnosed as aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma. After surgery, his blood pressure, serum potassium level, plasma renin activity and PAC were normalized. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of WS associated with PA. WS harbors a high prevalence of hypertension and therefore PA should be considered when managing the patients with WS and hypertension. In this case, the CT findings alone could not differentiate the adrenal rest tumor. Our case, therefore, highlights the usefulness of segmental AVS to distinguish adrenal tumors from hepatic adrenal rest tumors. Learning points: Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder, characterized by a constellation of medical and cognitive findings, with a hallmark feature of generalized arteriopathy presenting as stenoses of elastic arteries and hypertension. WS is a disease with a high frequency of hypertension but the renin-aldosterone system in WS cases has not been studied at all. If a patient with WS had hypertension and severe hypokalemia, low PRA and high ARR, the coexistence of primary aldosteronism (PA) should be considered. Adrenal rest tumors are thought to arise from aberrant adrenal tissues and are a rare cause of PA. Hepatic adrenal rest tumor (HART) should be considered in the differential diagnosis when detecting a mass in the right hepatic lobe. Segmental adrenal venous sampling could contribute to distinguish adrenal tumors from HART.

Published
2020

118. Late infantile form of multiple sulfatase deficiency

Author

Nami Mohammadian Khonsari, Shahab Noorian, Benyamin Hakak-Zargar, and Tessa Voth

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Signs and symptoms, Dermatology, Disease, lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Novel Diagnostic Procedure, Multiple sulfatase deficiency, Internal Medicine, medicine, Skin, September, Paediatric Endocrinology, lcsh:RC648-665, Mental deterioration, Symptom management, business.industry, Paediatrics, medicine.disease, Liver, Paediatric, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Age of onset, Presentation (obstetrics), Asian - other, business, Developmental regression
Abstract

Summary Multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) is a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) that results in the accumulation of sulfate esters which go on to cause neurological deterioration and mental delay, skin changes, and dysmorphism. The disease can be categorized into three subtypes based on the age of onset: neonatal, late infantile, or juvenile. Our patient is a 2.5-year-old girl, the only child of a healthy couple. Prior to the presentation of the disease, she had not been noted to have any previous health complications. The condition began at the age of 6 months with developmental regression and global hypotonia. Following thorough evaluation and testing, the patient was diagnosed with severe late infantile MSD, although some features, such as minimal mental deterioration, minimal dysmorphic facial features, and minimal organ enlargement, did not fully correlate with the diagnosis, since in cases of severe forms of the condition these features are almost always quite marked. The unexpected minimalism of some of the patient’s MSD signs in spite of the severity of her MSD condition made her case worth further studying. Learning points: Treating dermatologic signs and symptoms greatly eased our patient’s discomfort. We would suggest the use of appropriate supportive treatment for symptom management regardless of the life expectancy of the patient. As regards the diagnosis of MLD, given that in some cases the patient may present with irregular features of the condition, a genetic evaluation may be useful for accurate diagnosis. If motor function impairment is followed by dermatologic involvement, as seen in our patient and in many cases in the literature, MSD must be considered, and additional tests should be done to rule it out.

Published
2020

119. A novel splice-site mutation of the HNF1B gene in a family with maturity onset diabetes of the young type 5 (MODY5)

Author

Yuki Fujita, Toshiyuki Komiya, Yoshiyuki Hamamoto, Miho Matsubara, Daisuke Tanaka, Hisato Tatsuoka, Yutaka Seino, Yuji Yamazaki, Nobuya Inagaki, and Takanori Hyo

Subjects
Adult, Male, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Bioinformatics, lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, Maturity onset diabetes of the young, Diabetic nephropathy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Japan, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, Medicine, Family history, Pancreas, Genetic testing, September, Insight into Disease Pathogenesis or Mechanism of Therapy, lcsh:RC648-665, Splice site mutation, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Asian - Japanese, Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, medicine.disease, HNF1B, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, business
Abstract

Summary Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a form of monogenic diabetes mellitus characterised by early onset and dominant inheritance. Delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis as type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus is common. Definitive genetic diagnosis is essential for appropriate treatment of patients with MODY. The hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta (HNF1B) gene is responsible for MODY type 5 (MODY5), which has distinctive clinical features including renal disease. MODY5 should always be considered by clinicians in patients with early onset diabetes and renal anomalies. We report a case of a 30-year-old Japanese male with early-onset diabetes mellitus, renal anomalies and family history of diabetes that was suggestive of MODY5. Renal histology showed no evidence of diabetic nephropathy. Genetic testing revealed a novel heterozygous splice-site mutation of the HNF1B gene in the family members. It was strongly suggested that the mutation could underlie our patient’s MODY5. Learning points: Genetic diagnosis of MODY is relevant for appropriate treatment. Dominantly inherited early-onset diabetes mellitus with renal cysts suggests MODY5. Scanning the non-coding regions is important for not missing a mutation in HNF1B.

Published
2020

120. The Utah Statesman, September 14, 2020

Author

Utah State University

Subjects
Statesman, September, Utah State University, The Utah Statesman, Newspaper
Abstract

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan., https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/newspapers/2692/thumbnail.jpg

Published
2020

121. The Utah Statesman, September 8, 2020

Author

Utah State University

Subjects
Statesman, September, Utah State University, The Utah Statesman, Newspaper
Abstract

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan., https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/newspapers/2691/thumbnail.jpg

Published
2020

122. Identification of a TMEM127 variant in a patient with paraganglioma and acromegaly

Author

Beryl Stutz, Márta Korbonits, Werner Müller, Karl Kothbauer, and Stefan Fischli

Subjects
Oncology, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, SDHB, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, SDHA, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, White, lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, Pheochromocytoma, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Paraganglioma, Pituitary adenoma, Internal medicine, Acromegaly, Internal Medicine, medicine, Adrenal, Genetic testing, September, Insight into Disease Pathogenesis or Mechanism of Therapy, lcsh:RC648-665, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.disease, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, SDHD, business, Switzerland
Abstract

Summary The coincidence of a pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma and a pituitary adenoma in the same patient is a rare condition. In the last few years SDHx and MAX mutations have been identified and discussed as a potential causal connection in cases of coincidence. We describe a case of a middle-aged female patient which presented with acromegaly, a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma and a symptomatic neck paraganglioma. The patient was cured by surgery from both the pituitary tumour and the paraganglioma and is well after ten years follow-up. Due to the unusual coexistence of two neuroendocrine tumours, further molecular genetic testing was performed which revealed a variant in the TMEM127 gene (c245-10C>G). Learning points: Pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma and coexisting functioning pituitary adenoma are a very rare condition. An appropriate treatment of each tumour entity with a multi-disciplinary approach and regular follow-up is needed. The possibility of a hereditary disease should be considered and genetic workup is recommended. Genetic testing should focus primarily on the genes with mutations related to pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Next-generation sequencing with multi-gene panel testing is the currently suggested strategy. Genes associated with paragangliomas and pituitary adenomas are SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHAF2, MAX and MEN1, while case reports with VHL, RET and NF1 may represent coincidences. Variants of uncertain significance may need ongoing vigilance, in case novel data become available of these variants.

Published
2020

123. Aldosterone- and cortisol-cosecreting adrenal adenoma, ovarian hyperthecosis and breast cancer

Author

John J. Orrego and Joseph A. Chorny

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Gynaecology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Primary aldosteronism, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Adrenal insufficiency, Conn Syndrome, Adrenal adenoma, Adrenal, September, lcsh:RC648-665, Aldosterone, business.industry, medicine.disease, Hyperaldosteronism, United States, Polycystic ovarian disease, Black - African, Ovaries, Hypercortisolemia, chemistry, Unique/unexpected symptoms or presentations of a disease, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, business
Abstract

Summary We describe a 56-year-old postmenopausal woman with hypertension, hypokalemia and severe alopecia who was found to have a 4.5-cm lipid-poor left adrenal mass on CT scan performed to evaluate her chronic right-sided abdominal pain. Hormonal studies revealed unequivocal evidence of primary aldosteronism and subclinical hypercortisolemia of adrenal origin. Although a laparoscopic left adrenalectomy rendered her normotensive, normokalemic and adrenal insufficient for 2.5 years, her alopecia did not improve and she later presented with facial hyperpigmentation acne, worsening hirsutism, clitoromegaly, and an estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Further testing demonstrated markedly elevated serum androstenedione and total and free testosterone and persistently undetectable DHEAS levels. As biochemical and radiologic studies ruled out primary adrenal malignancy and obvious ovarian neoplasms, a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was undertaken, which revealed bilateral ovarian hyperthecosis. This case highlights how the clinical manifestations associated with hyperaldosteronism and hypercortisolemia masqueraded the hyperandrogenic findings. It was only when her severe alopecia failed to improve after the resolution of hypercortisolism, hyperandrogenic manifestations worsened despite adrenal insufficiency and an estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer was found, did it becomes apparent that her symptoms were due to ovarian hyperthecosis. Learning points: As cortisol cosecretion appears to be highly prevalent in patients with primary aldosteronism, the term ‘Connshing’ syndrome has been suggested. The associated subclinical hypercortisolemia could be the driver for the increased metabolic alterations seen in patients with Conn syndrome. The identification of these dual secretors before adrenal venous sampling could alert the clinician about possible equivocal test results. The identification of these dual secretors before unilateral adrenalectomy could avoid unexpected postoperative adrenal crises. Hyperfunctioning adrenal and ovarian lesions can coexist, and the clinical manifestations associated with hypercortisolemia can masquerade the hyperandrogenic findings.

Published
2020

124. A case of testicular atrophy associated with cystic fibrosis

Author

Eriselda Profka, Valeria Daccò, Maura Arosio, Gianantonio Manzoni, Federico Giacchetti, Claudia Giavoli, Carla Colombo, Alfredo Berrettini, and Giulia Rodari

Subjects
Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Urology, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Cystic fibrosis, lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Atrophy, Scrotum, Internal Medicine, medicine, Testes, Laparoscopy, Testosterone, Hispanic or Latino - Central American or South American, September, lcsh:RC648-665, medicine.diagnostic_test, Testicular atrophy, business.industry, Vas deferens, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Italy, Paediatric, Unique/unexpected symptoms or presentations of a disease, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Abdomen, business
Abstract

Summary An 8-year-old boy with cystic fibrosis came to our attention for an empty scrotum. General physical examination showed a normal penis and hypoplastic scrotum with non-palpable testes bilaterally. Routine blood investigations showed low levels of LH, testosterone, inhibin B and antiMullerian hormone and elevated levels of FSH. Karyotype was normal. An abdominal ultrasound confirmed the absence of the testes into the scrotum, in the inguinal region and abdomen. At laparoscopy were noted bilaterally hypotrophic spermatic vessels, absence of the vas deferens and a closed inner ring. Inguinal exploration found out a small residual testis and histological examination showed fibrotic tissue. This is the first case of testicular atrophy associated to CFTR mutation described. The process that led to bilateral testicular and vas deferens atrophy remains unexplained, a possible influence of CFTR dysfunction cannot be ruled out, although it is possible that these conditions are independently associated. Learning points: Cystic fibrosis produces a multisystemic disease which can affect also the reproductive tract. Nearly 97–98% of male patients are infertile because of congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens. A correlation between cystic fibrosis and bilateral testicular atrophy could be possible.

Published
2020

125. Pheochromocytoma crisis with cyclic fluctuation in blood pressure mimics acute coronary syndrome

Author

Masashi Oe, Asuka Yoshino, Daisuke Aono, Takuya Higashitani, Shigehiro Karashima, Yuji Maeda, Mitsuhiro Kometani, Y. Takeda, Takashi Yoneda, and Yoshiyu Takeda

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Encephalopathy, Cardiology, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Chest pain, lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, Pheochromocytoma, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Japan, Internal medicine, Error in diagnosis/pitfalls and caveats, Internal Medicine, medicine, Blood test, Adrenal, September, lcsh:RC648-665, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Asian - Japanese, Organ dysfunction, medicine.disease, Pheochromocytoma crisis, Blood pressure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Summary Pheochromocytoma crisis results from the sudden release of large quantities of catecholamines and leads to progressive multiple organ dysfunction. Here we report a case of pheochromocytoma crisis with symptoms associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and severe fluctuations in blood pressure (BP). A 43-year-old Japanese man with hypertension (240/120 mmHg) visited a general hospital for chest pain. Echocardiogram showed ST segment depression and blood test demonstrated elevated troponin T. However, emergent coronary angiography revealed normal findings. CT showed a large adrenal mass on the left side, which was suspected as the cause of chest pain and BP elevation. After the patient was transported to our hospital, his BP was found to oscillate between 70 and 240 mmHg, and level of consciousness was decreased. After hospitalization, he had a further decrease in consciousness, a rise in body temperature, and a gradual increase in the interval between the upper and lower systolic BP. His systolic BP varied between 30 mmHg and 300 mmHg at the intervals of 20-30 min. After a multimodality therapy, including α-blocker and high dose fluid replacement, the fluctuation in his BP was gradually decreased and got stabilized after approximately 24 h. Approximately 3 weeks later, he underwent left adrenalectomy. This case showed that pheochromocytoma with internal necrosis might be misdiagnosed as ACS. Furthermore, in cases with a large adrenal tumor and severe elevation or fluctuations of BP, pheochromocytoma should be suspected and treated with α-blockers and fluid replacements as soon as possible prior to surgery. Learning points: High catecholamine levels due to pheochromocytoma crisis might cause symptoms associated with acute coronary syndrome. Adrenal tumor with internal necrosis and the elevation or fluctuations of blood pressure should be suspected to be pheochromocytoma. If pheochromocytoma crisis is suspected, the specialist, such as an endocrinologist or a urologist, should intervene, and an α-blocker treatment with adequate fluid replacement therapy should be initiated as soon as possible. Pheochromocytoma multisystem crisis (PMC) is a fatal condition characterized by multiple organ failure, severe blood pressure variability, high fever, and encephalopathy. This is an extremely rare subtype of a very rare disease such as pheochromocytoma. However, because the fatality rate of PMC is high, clinicians should be aware of the symptoms that mark its onset.

Published
2020

126. THIESEL 2020.Thermo-and Fluid Dynamic Processes in Direct Injection Engines.8th-11th September

Author

Xandra Marcelle, Margot and Desantes Fernández, José Mª

Subjects
September, Injection, Dynamic, Ingeniería, Eléctrica, Motores, Energética, Thiesel, Direct, Processes, MAQUINAS Y MOTORES TERMICOS, Fluid, Engines, Thermo
Abstract

'The THIESEL 2020 Conference on Thermo-and Fluid Dynamic Processes in Direct Injection Engines planned in Valencia (Spain) for 8th to 11th September 2020 has been successfully held in a virtual format, due to the COVID19 pandemic. In spite of the very tough environmental demands, combustion engines will probably remain the main propulsion system in transport for the next 20 to 50 years, at least for as long as alternative solutions cannot provide the flexibility expected by customers of the 21st century. But it needs to adapt to the new times, and so research in combustion engines is nowadays mostly focused on the new challenges posed by hybridization and downsizing. The topics presented in the papers of the conference include traditional ones, such as Injection & Sprays, Combustion, but also Alternative Fuels, as well as papers dedicated specifically to CO2 Reduction and Emissions Abatement.Papers stem from the Academic Research sector as well as from the Industry

Published
2020

128. Remember September

Subjects
Independence Day (Mexico), September, Holidays -- International aspects, Mexican foreign relations, Spanish foreign relations, Autonomy (Political science) -- History -- International aspects, General interest, Health, Personal finance
Abstract

On September 15, 1821, the countries of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua gained their independence from Spain. Mexico celebrates its independence day on September 16, the date [...]

Published
2018

129. Modelling extreme precipitation in hazardous mountainous areas. Contribution to landscape planning and environmental management

Author

Paulo Pereira, Marc Oliva, and Edita Baltrėnaitė

Subjects
extreme precipitation, environmental hazards, Mediterranean area, September, October, November (SON), Environmental engineering, TA170-171
Abstract

Extreme precipitation episodes are very common in Mediterranean area and can lead to serious and catastrophic environmental hazards. They have special incidence during autumn months, September, October and November (SON) with important impacts on society, leading frequently to significant economic losses and mortality. These events have special impact in mountainous areas where steep slopes enhance the effects of extreme precipitation. In mountainous areas rain gauge stations are sparse and normally in lower amount. Due to these reasons it is very important to map with higher accuracy the distribution of extreme precipitation. Also, in mountainous environments precipitation patterns can change in small distances that make the prediction more difficult, but also more important. A better prediction of areas with higher values of extreme precipitation will contribute to a better land use planning and avoid the effects of flash floods, land‐slides and soil erosion recognized as environmental problems. The aim of this paper is testing several well‐known interpolation methods, Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) with weighs of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, Local Polynomial (LP) with order 1 and 2, Radial Basis Methods (RBS), particularly Spline With Tension (SPT) and Thin Plate Spline (TPS), and Kriging techniques, Ordinary Kriging (OK) and Ordinary CoKriging (COK) in order to identify the less‐biased method to interpolate extreme precipitation calculated from the 95th percentile (P95) of SON precipitation in a mountainous area located in Portugal. The results show that extreme precipitation increases with the altitude and there are important differences between stations located at higher and lower altitudes. This relation is observed in the omni‐directional semi‐variograms calculated where we identified two major P95 areas coincident with higher elevations. The first one occurred at 12.19 km and the second at 23.57 km. The higher values of P95 are identified at Southeast and Northeast. In contrast, the lower P95 values are identified at Northwest due to lower altitudes and in the Northeast corner as a consequence of rain shadow effect. Prediction with precision of precipitation patterns in mountainous areas is difficult due to lack of data and the complex effect of topography in rainfall, however, it is of major importance in order to identify vulnerable areas. The findings observed in this study are a fundamental contribution to landscape planning and environmental management in areas with higher occurrence and vulnerability to extreme precipitation. Santrauka Gausūs krituliai, ypač būdingi Viduržemio jūros regionui, gali kelti rimtu pavoju aplinkai, lemti katastrofas. Krituliu poveikio zona ypač išsiplečia rudens laikotarpiu, t. y. rugsejo, spalio ir lapkričio (RSL) menesiais, neretai patiriama dideliu ekonominiu nuostoliu, žūsta ar kitaip nukenčia žmones. Statūs kalnu šlaitai sustiprina gausiu krituliu poveiki. Kalnuotose vietovese krituliu kiekio stebejimo stočiu nedaug, jos toli viena nuo kitos, todel labai aktualu tureti žemelapius, tiksliai nusakančius gausiu krituliu pasiskirstyma. Kalnuotose vietovese krituliu pobūdis skirtingu atstumu gali būti skirtingas, krituliu kieki numatyti sunkiau, tačiau tai itin svarbu. Tiksliau numatant vietoves, kur iškrinta daugiau krituliu, galima tikslingiau planuoti žemetvarka, išvengti staigiu potvyniu, nuošliaužu ir dirvožemio erozijos. Tyrimo tikslas buvo patikrinti kelis gerai žinomus interpoliacijos metodus – Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) su 1–5 svertinemis vertemis, Local Polynomial (LP), Radial Basis (RBS), ypač Spline With Tension (SPT), Thin Plate Spline (TPS), – bei Kriging technikas ir Ordinary Kriging (OK) bei Ordinary CoKriging (COK) metodus, siekiant parinkti tiksliausia, kuris leistu interpoliuoti gausius (95 %) kritulius RSL menesiais kalnuotoje Portugalijos teritorijoje. Nustatyta, kad krituliu kiekis dideja didejant altitudei. Reikšmingi krituliu skirtumai nustatyti stotyse, esančiose skirtinguose aukščiuose virš jūros lygio. Šis santykis pastebetas visomis kryptimis apskaičiuotose pusinese variogramose. Jose išsiskiria dvi teritorijos, kuriu P95 vertes didžiausios, ir akivaizdi sasaja su didelemis altitudemis. Pirmoji teritorija 12,19 km, o antroji 23,57 km aukštyje. Didžiausios P95 vertes pietryčiu ir šiaures rytu kryptimis, mažiausios – šiaures vakaru kryptimi, kur altitudes mažos, ir šiaures rytu teritorijos kampe del lietaus “šešelio” efekto. Tiksliai numatyti krituliu pobūdi kalnuotose teritori‐jose apsunkina duomenu trūkumas ir sudetinga topografijos itaka krituliams. Rezultatai ypač parankūs planuojant ir val‐dant dažniems ir gausiems krituliams jautrias teritorijas. Резюме Обильные осадки, особенно характерные для Средиземноморского региона, могут быть опасными для окружающей среды. Зона влияния осадков особенно увеличивается в осенний период – сентябре, октябре и ноябре. Осадки зачастую вызывают большие экономические убытки, гибнут или страдают люди. Влияние обильных осадков усиливают крутые горные склоны. В горных местностях станций наблюдения за количеством осадков немного и расположены они далеко друг от друга, поэтому необходимы карты, на которых было бы точно указано распределение обильных осадков. Характер осадков в горных местностях в зависимости от удаленности может значительно различаться, предвидеть количество осадков чрезвычайно сложно, однако это жизненно необходимо. Зная местности, на которых ожидается большее количество осадков, можно точнее планировать землеустройство, избежать внезапных наводнений, оползней и эрозии почв. Целью исследования было проверить несколько хорошо известных методов интерполяции – Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) с 1–5 значениями весомостей, Local Polynomial (LP), Radial Basis (RBS), особенно Spline With Tension (SPT), Thin Plate Spline (TPS), а также технику Kriging, методы Ordinary Kriging (OK) и Ordinary CoKriging (COK) с целью выявить наиболее точный, с помощью которого можно было бы интерполировать обильные (95%) осенние осадки в горных местностях Португалии. Установлено, что количество осадков увеличивается с увеличением амплитуды. Значительная разница в количестве осадков выявлена на станциях, находящихся на разной высоте от уровня моря. Это соотношение замечено на всех направлениях рассчитанных полувариограмм. На них выделяются две территории, на которых значения P95 наиболее велики и очевидна связь с большими амплитудами. Первая территория находится на высоте 12,19 км, вторая – 23,57 км. Наибольшие значения P95 отмечены в юго-восточном и северо-восточном, наименьшие – северо-западном направлениях, где амплитуды малы, и в углу северо-восточной территории из-за эффекта «тени» дождя. Точнее предвидеть характер осадков в горных местностях представляется затруднительным из-за недостатка данных и сложного влияния на осадки топографии. Результаты исследования окажутся особенно полезными при планировании и управлении территориями, подвергаемыми частым и обильным осадкам. First Publish Online: 10 Feb 2011 Reikšminiai žodžiai: gausūs krituliai, pavojus aplinkai, Viduržemio regionas, rugsėjis, spalis, lapkritis (RSL), kalnuotos vietovės, interpoliacijos metodai, kraštovaizdžio planavimas ir aplinkos valdymas. Ключевые слова: обильные осадки, опасность для окружающей среды, Средиземноморский регион, осенний период, горная местность, методы интерполяции, планирование ландшафта и управление окружающей средой.

Published
2010
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132. Georgia Ports Authority cargo volumes fell 8% in September.

Author

Salgado, Alejandra

Subjects
CARGO handling, SEPTEMBER, SUPPLY chains
Abstract

The Georgia Ports Authority experienced an 8% decrease in cargo volumes in September compared to the previous year. However, it was still the busiest September ever for the port, excluding pandemic-related surges in volume. The decline in volumes was offset by an increase in auto and machinery shipments at the Port of Brunswick, driven by new services from shipping lines. To meet the growing demand, the port is expanding its cargo storage and processing facilities. Despite the year-over-year decrease, the port saw a 9% increase compared to 2019. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

133. Port Everglades cargo volumes fell 5% in September.

Author

Salgado, Alejandra

Subjects
HARBORS, SUPPLY chains, SEPTEMBER, CARGO handling, CONTAINERS
Abstract

Port Everglades experienced a 5% decrease in cargo volumes in September, marking the seventh consecutive month of declining volumes. Compared to August, September saw a 0.5% drop in port volumes. In comparison to 2019 levels, cargo shipments at the East Coast port fell by 3% in September. This decline in volumes is consistent with other major ports such as the Port of New York and New Jersey, Port of Virginia, and Port Houston. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

134. Is = Δmc² mathematically derived or speculated in Einstein's September 1905 paper?

Author

Sharma, Ajay

Subjects
*MATHEMATICAL models, *RELATIVITY (Physics), *LIGHT, *PARAMETER estimation, *GRAVITATION, *QUANTUM field theory
Abstract

In his paper, Einstein derived ΔL = Δmc² (light energy-mass equation). It has not been completely studied; it is only valid under special conditions of the parameters involved, e.g., number of light waves, magnitude of light energy, angles at which waves are emitted and relative velocity v. Einstein considered just two light waves of equal energy, emitted in opposite directions and the relative velocity v uniform. There are numerous possibilities for the parameters which were not considered in Einstein's derivation. ΔE = Δmc2 is obtained from ΔL = Δmc² by simply replacing L by E (all energy) without derivation. Fadner [Am. J. Phys. 56, 144 (1988)] correctly pointed out that Einstein neither mentioned E or ΔE = Δmc² in the derivation. Herein additional results are critically analyzed, taking all possible variables into account. Under some valid conditions of parameters, ΔL = ΔDmc² is not obtained, e.g., sometimes the result is Ma = Mb or no equation is derivable. If all values of valid parameters are taken into account, then the same derivation also gives L ∝ Δmc² or L = A Δmc², where A is a coefficient of proportionality. Thus, Einstein's derivation under valid parameters also predicts that energy emitted may be less than or more than ΔL = Δmc². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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135. COMPOSITES EUROPE 2011 – show preview

Subjects
*TRADE shows, *INDUSTRIAL arts, *COMPOSITE materials industry, *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations, *SEPTEMBER
Abstract

The COMPOSITES EUROPE 2011 trade show takes place in Stuttgart, Germany, on 27-29 September. In our preview we look at some of the innovations which will be on display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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143. The breakdown of tsarist administrative order, 1875–81.

Author

Pearson, Thomas S.

Abstract

Of the many documents depicting the corrupt, ramshackle state of peasant self-government during the period 1875 to 1881, few were more critical in their description than the memorandum of peasant Mikhail Aleksandrov. “What kind of volost' elder can we have,” he complained, “when the office is attained by means of vodka?” The memorandum, submitted to the minister of internal affairs in 1881, attacked the drunkenness, bribery, and various forms of intimidation that occurred during peasant elections, village meetings to repartition communal land, and volost' court deliberations. It blamed peasant officials for the empty grain warehouses during recent food shortages. To protect peasants from their elected officials (a request made in other peasant memorandums of the period), Aleksandrov pleaded for government control over peasant self-government. “It would be most advantageous to the government and the peasants,” he emphasized, “to abolish the system of elected peasant self-government and to allow each district bureau [for peasant affairs] to appoint volost' and village officials and scribes from among the peasants.” Aleksandrov's memorandum provides not only rare evidence of peasant literacy, but also a peasant's viewpoint of a problem that aroused widespread concern in the government at the end of the 1870s. The administrative and fiscal anarchy of local self-government, the extent of which was revealed by the senatorial inspections of 1880–1 (and other official reports of the late 1870s), was the impetus for the reforms of local government elaborated in the 1880s. Although historians have alluded to the inefficiency of local administration in the late 1870s and acknowledged that “the reorganization of local government was among the pressing issues of the day,” few of them have analyzed these shortcomings in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1989
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144. The emergence of the calculus: 1677–1699.

Author

Hall, Alfred Rupert

Abstract

Newton'sSecond Letter was retained in London for lack of a safe means of conveyance until May 1677 and only came to Leibniz's hands in late June, eight months after it was written and about as long after Leibniz had settled in Hanover, in the new world where he had to make his career. It was, he acknowledged to Oldenburg, a “truly excellent letter … I am enormously pleased that he has described the path by which he arrived at some of his very elegant theorems.” And he reiterated his praise of Newton's results throughout the letter – no evidence here of a sense that anything had been begrudged him. Before turning to series again, Leibniz took up Newton's brief allusion to the method of tangents, leading on to the anagram (which Leibniz does not mention), and in doing so expressed “publicly” for the first time (unless in informal private communications) his calculus notation; dx, he said, is the difference between two closely related values of any changing quantity x, and dy the corresponding change produced in a second variable y, which is related to x by some mathematical expression. Then if dx is constant, dy will define the slope of the tangent at x. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1980
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145. September Is Here. Normal Isn’t.

Author

Pickert, Reade and Rockeman, Olivia

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, ECONOMIC impact of disease, ECONOMIC stimulus, COVID-19 pandemic, SEPTEMBER, UNEMPLOYMENT insurance
Abstract

The article reports on how September 2021 was viewed in terms of the COVID-19 pandemic. It mentions the belief that control over the pandemic would be achieved by that month, the various economic stimulus packages including increased unemployment insurance that would expire, and the impact of the delta variant of the coronavirus.

Published
2021

146. MODELLING EXTREME PRECIPITATION IN HAZARDOUS MOUNTAINOUS AREAS. CONTRIBUTION TO LANDSCAPE PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT.

Author

Pereira, Paulo, Oliva, Marc, and Baltrėnaitė, Edita

Subjects
METEOROLOGICAL precipitation, INFLUENCE of mountains on weather, ENVIRONMENTAL management, INTERPOLATION
Abstract

Copyright of Journal of Environmental Engineering & Landscape Management is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2010
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147. The September Epidemic of Asthma in Israel.

Author

Scheuerman, Oded, Meyerovitch, Joseph, Marcus, Nufar, Hoffer, Vered, Batt, Erez, and Garty, Ben-Zion

Subjects
*ASTHMA, *EPIDEMICS, *LUNG diseases, *ASTHMATICS
Abstract

Background. The seasonality of asthma morbidity is well recognized. A peak in asthma exacerbations in September has been noted for years at our center. Objective. To examine the hypothesis that the increment in asthma exacerbations in September is influenced by the beginning of the kindergarten and school year. Methods. The monthly admission rate for asthma in patients of different ages was retrospectively evaluated in seven hospitals from various areas in Israel from January 2003 to December 2005. Results. Of the 408,242 hospital admissions during the study period, 8,011 were for asthma exacerbations: 4,091 in adults (1.3% of adult admissions) and 3,920 in children (3.8% of pediatric admissions). The asthma admission rates varied considerably throughout the year, with a peak of 4% of total admissions in the winter months and a nadir of 2% in the summer months. September was unique for its particularly high rate of admissions for asthma attacks in children (6% of total admissions), especially toddlers and the school-age group. In adults there was a progressive increase in asthma admissions from September through December without a unique peak in September. Conclusions. There is a characteristic increase in asthma exacerbations and admissions in September in the pediatric age group. This phenomenon might be explained by the increased exposure to respiratory viruses, to new allergen exposure in school or kindergarten, increased emotional stress due to start of the new school year, or poor compliance and withdrawal of treatment during the summer. Clinicians should consider administering prophylactic treatment for asthma in children before onset of the school year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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148. Seasonal and topographic effects on estimating fire severity from E.andsat TM/ETM+ data.

Author

Verbyla, David L., Kasischke, Eric S., and Hoy, Elizabeth E.

Subjects
FOREST fires, FOREST management, VEGETATION management, TAIGAS, FORESTS & forestry, LANDSAT satellites, ECOSYSTEM management, SCIENTIFIC satellites, BLACK spruce, SEPTEMBER
Abstract

The maximum solar elevation is typically less than 50 degrees in the Alaskan boreal region and solar elevation varies substantially during the growing season. Because of the relatively low solar elevation at boreal latitudes, the effect of topography on spectral reflectance can influence fire severity indices derived from remotely sensed data. We used Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) data to test the effect of changing solar elevation and topography on the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR). When a time series of unburned pixels from black spruce forests was examined, we found that NBR values consistently decreased from June through September. At the stand level, dNBR-derived values from similar unburned and burned black spruce stands were substantially higher from September imagery relative to July or August imagery. Within the Boundary burn, we found mean post-fire NBR to consistently vary owing to topographic control of potential solar radiation. To minimise spectral response due to topographic control of vegetation and fire severity, we computed a dNBR using images from August and September immediately after a June-July wildfire. There was a negative bias in remotely sensed fire severity estimates as potential solar radiation decreased owing to topography. Thus fire severity would be underestimated for stands in valley bottoms dominated by topographic shading or on steep north-facing slopes oriented away from incoming solar radiation. This is especially important because highly flammable black spruce stands typically occur on such sites. We demonstrate the effect of changing pre- and post-fire image dates on fire severity estimates by using a fixed NBR threshold defining 'high severity'. The actual fire severity was constant, but owing to changes in phenology and solar elevation, 'high severity' pixels within a burn ranged from 56 to 76%. Because spectral reflectance values vary substantially as solar elevation and plant phenology change, the use of reflectance-based indices to assess trends in burn severity across regions or years may be especially difficult in high-latitude areas such as the Alaskan boreal forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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149. Evaluating the ability of the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) to predict ecologically significant burn severity in Alaskan boreal forests.

Author

Murphy, Karen A., Reynolds, Joel H., and Koltun, John M.

Subjects
FOREST fires, TAIGAS, FOREST management, IMAGE processing, SILVICULTURAL systems, FORESTS & forestry, VEGETATION management, SEPTEMBER
Abstract

During the 2004 fire season ~6.6 million acres (~2.7 million ha) burned across Alaska. Nearly 2 million of these were on National Wildlife Refuge System lands inaccessible from the state's limited road system. Many fires burned through September, driven by unusually warm and dry temperatures throughout the summer. Using several fires from this season, we assessed the national burn severity methodology's performance on refuge lands. Six fires, spanning 814489 acres (329613 ha), were sampled on five boreal forest refuges. In total, 347 sites were sampled for vegetation composition and ground-based burn severity estimates following the national protocols. The relationship between the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) and composite burn index (CBI) was unexpectedly weak (R²adjusted, 0.11-0.64). The weak relationship was not a result of data or image processing errors, nor of any biotic or abiotic confounding variable. The inconsistent results, and dNBR's limited ability to discern the ecologically significant differences within moderate and high severity burn sites, indicate that the current methodology does not satisfy key Alaskan boreal forest management objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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