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110. Primal world beliefs.

Author

Clifton, Jeremy D. W., primary, Baker, Joshua D., additional, Park, Crystal L., additional, Yaden, David B., additional, Clifton, Alicia B. W., additional, Terni, Paolo, additional, Miller, Jessica L., additional, Zeng, Guang, additional, Giorgi, Salvatore, additional, Schwartz, H. Andrew, additional, and Seligman, Martin E. P., additional

Published
2019
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111. Primals Inventory

Author

Clifton, Jeremy D. W., primary, Baker, Joshua D., additional, Park, Crystal L., additional, Yaden, David B., additional, Clifton, Alicia B. W., additional, Terni, Paolo, additional, Miller, Jessica L., additional, Zeng, Guang, additional, Giorgi, Salvatore, additional, Schwartz, H. Andrew, additional, and Seligman, Martin E. P., additional

Published
2019
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114. Natural Language Analysis and the Psychology of Verbal Behavior: The Past, Present, and Future States of the Field.

Author

Boyd, Ryan L. and Schwartz, H. Andrew

Subjects
*PSYCHOLINGUISTICS, *NATURAL languages, *VERBAL behavior, *HUMAN behavior, *LANGUAGE research, *NATURAL language processing
Abstract

Throughout history, scholars and laypeople alike have believed that our words contain subtle clues about what we are like as people, psychologically speaking. However, the ways in which language has been used to infer psychological processes has seen dramatic shifts over time and, with modern computational technologies and digital data sources, we are on the verge of a massive revolution in language analysis research. In this article, we discuss the past and current states of research at the intersection of language analysis and psychology, summarizing the central successes and shortcomings of psychological text analysis to date. We additionally outline and discuss a critical need for language analysis practitioners in the social sciences to expand their view of verbal behavior. Lastly, we discuss the trajectory of interdisciplinary research on language and the challenges of integrating analysis methods across paradigms, recommending promising future directions for the field along the way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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115. Linguistic analysis of empathy in medical school admission essays.

Author

Yaden, Mary Elizabeth, Yaden, David Bryce, Buffone, Anneke E. K., Eichstaedt, Johannes C., Crutchley, Patrick, Smith, Laura K., Cass, Jonathan L., Callahan, Clara A., Rosenthal, Susan R., Ungar, Lyle H., Schwartz, H. Andrew, and Hojat, Mohammadreza

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether words used in medical school admissions essays can predict physician empathy. Methods: A computational form of linguistic analysis was used for the content analysis of medical school admissions essays. Words in medical school admissions essays were computationally grouped into 20 'topics' which were then correlated with scores on the Jefferson Scale of Empathy. The study sample included 1,805 matriculants (between 2008- 2015) at a single medical college in the North East of the United States who wrote an admissions essay and completed the Jefferson Scale of Empathy at matriculation. Results: After correcting for multiple comparisons and controlling for gender, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy scores significantly correlated with a linguistic topic (r = .074, p< .05). This topic was comprised of specific words used in essays such as "understanding," "compassion," "empathy," "feeling," and "trust." These words are related to themes emphasized in both theoretical writing and empirical studies on physician empathy. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that physician empathy can be predicted from medical school admission essays. The implications of this methodological capability, i.e. to quantitatively associate linguistic features or words with psychometric outcomes, bears on the future of medical education research and admissions. In particular, these findings suggest that those responsible for medical school admissions could identify more empathetic applicants based on the language of their application essays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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125. The Language of Religious Affiliation

Author

Yaden, David B., primary, Eichstaedt, Johannes C., additional, Kern, Margaret L., additional, Smith, Laura K., additional, Buffone, Anneke, additional, Stillwell, David J., additional, Kosinski, Michal, additional, Ungar, Lyle H., additional, Seligman, Martin E. P., additional, and Schwartz, H. Andrew, additional

Published
2017
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140. Modelling Valence and Arousal in Facebook posts

Author

Preoţiuc-Pietro, Daniel, primary, Schwartz, H. Andrew, additional, Park, Gregory, additional, Eichstaedt, Johannes, additional, Kern, Margaret, additional, Ungar, Lyle, additional, and Shulman, Elisabeth, additional

Published
2016
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141. Does ‘well-being’ translate on Twitter?

Author

Smith, Laura, primary, Giorgi, Salvatore, additional, Solanki, Rishi, additional, Eichstaedt, Johannes, additional, Schwartz, H. Andrew, additional, Abdul-Mageed, Muhammad, additional, Buffone, Anneke, additional, and Ungar, Lyle, additional

Published
2016
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145. PREDICTING INDIVIDUAL WELL-BEING THROUGH THE LANGUAGE OF SOCIAL MEDIA

Author

SCHWARTZ, H. ANDREW, primary, SAP, MAARTEN, additional, KERN, MARGARET L., additional, EICHSTAEDT, JOHANNES C., additional, KAPELNER, ADAM, additional, AGRAWAL, MEGHA, additional, BLANCO, EDUARDO, additional, DZIURZYNSKI, LUKASZ, additional, PARK, GREGORY, additional, STILLWELL, DAVID, additional, KOSINSKI, MICHAL, additional, SELIGMAN, MARTIN E.P., additional, and UNGAR, LYLE H., additional

Published
2015
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148. Extracting Human Temporal Orientation from Facebook Language

Author

Schwartz, H. Andrew, primary, Park, Gregory, additional, Sap, Maarten, additional, Weingarten, Evan, additional, Eichstaedt, Johannes, additional, Kern, Margaret, additional, Stillwell, David, additional, Kosinski, Michal, additional, Berger, Jonah, additional, Seligman, Martin, additional, and Ungar, Lyle, additional

Published
2015
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149. Living in the Past, Present, and Future: Measuring Temporal Orientation With Language.

Author

Park, Gregory, Schwartz, H. Andrew, Sap, Maarten, Kern, Margaret L., Weingarten, Evan, Eichstaedt, Johannes C., Berger, Jonah, Stillwell, David J., Kosinski, Michal, Ungar, Lyle H., and Seligman, Martin E. P.

Subjects
*TIME perception, *SOCIAL media, *TEMPORAL constructions (Grammar), *CONSCIENTIOUSNESS, *FUTURE, The, *PAST, The
Abstract

Temporal orientation refers to individual differences in the relative emphasis one places on the past, present, or future, and it is related to academic, financial, and health outcomes. We propose and evaluate a method for automatically measuring temporal orientation through language expressed on social media. Judges rated the temporal orientation of 4,302 social media messages. We trained a classifier based on these ratings, which could accurately predict the temporal orientation of new messages in a separate validation set (accuracy/mean sensitivity = .72; mean specificity = .77). We used the classifier to automatically classify 1.3 million messages written by 5,372 participants (50% female; ages 13-48). Finally, we tested whether individual differences in past, present, and future orientation differentially related to gender, age, Big Five personality, satisfaction with life, and depressive symptoms. Temporal orientations exhibit several expected correlations with age, gender, and Big Five personality. More future-oriented people were older, more likely to be female, more conscientious, less impulsive, less depressed, and more satisfied with life; present orientation showed the opposite pattern. Language-based assessments can complement and extend existing measures of temporal orientation, providing an alternative approach and additional insights into language and personality relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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