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103. Penetration and Effectiveness of Micronized Copper in Refractory Wood Species

Author

Civardi, Chiara, Van den Bulcke, Jan, Schubert, Mark, Michel, Elisabeth, Butron, Maria I., Boone, Matthieu N., Dierick, Manuel, Van Acker, Joris, Wick, Peter, and Schwarze, Francis W.M.R.

Subjects
Agriculture and Food Sciences, Basidiomycetes, Embryology, IMAGE, FLOW, Placenta, Carbonates, lcsh:Medicine, Plant Science, Diagnostic Radiology, Geographical Locations, Medicine and Health Sciences, lcsh:Science, Tomography, Norway, Plant Anatomy, Radiology and Imaging, Wood, Europe, Chemistry, Physical Sciences, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Anatomy, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Research Article, Technology and Engineering, Imaging Techniques, PHASE, Neuroimaging, Research and Analysis Methods, Cell Walls, Species Specificity, Diagnostic Medicine, Particle Size, Picea, Plant Diseases, lcsh:R, Chemical Compounds, Organisms, Fungi, Reproductive System, Biology and Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Pinus, Computed Axial Tomography, People and Places, lcsh:Q, Coriolaceae, Preservatives, Copper, Developmental Biology, Neuroscience
Abstract

The North American wood decking market mostly relies on easily treatable Southern yellow pine (SYP), which is being impregnated with micronized copper (MC) wood preservatives since 2006. These formulations are composed of copper (Cu) carbonate particles (CuCO3·Cu(OH)2), with sizes ranging from 1 nm to 250 μm, according to manufacturers. MC-treated SYP wood is protected against decay by solubilized Cu2+ ions and unreacted CuCO3·Cu(OH)2 particles that successively release Cu2+ ions (reservoir effect). The wood species used for the European wood decking market differ from the North American SYP. One of the most common species is Norway spruce wood, which is poorly treatable i.e. refractory due to the anatomical properties, like pore size and structure, and chemical composition, like pit membrane components or presence of wood extractives. Therefore, MC formulations may not suitable for refractory wood species common in the European market, despite their good performance in SYP. We evaluated the penetration effectiveness of MC azole (MCA) in easily treatable Scots pine and in refractory Norway spruce wood. We assessed the effectiveness against the Cu-tolerant wood-destroying fungus Rhodonia placenta. Our findings show that MCA cannot easily penetrate refractory wood species and could not confirm the presence of a reservoir effect., PLoS ONE, 11 (9), ISSN:1932-6203

Published
2016

111. Imaging hyphal growth of Physisporinus vitreus in Norway spruce wood by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)

Author

Schubert, Mark, Stührk, Chris, Fuhr, Matthias J., and Schwarze, Francis W.M.R.

Subjects
fungi, Confocal laser scanning microscopy, Filamentous mycelium, Fluorescence dye, Hyphal growth indices, Physisporinus vitreus
Abstract

Light microscopy and electron microscopy are the most common methods for analyzing wood-decay fungi. However, the 3D visualization and quantification of the filamentous structure of fungi in wood is difficult to realize by means of these traditional techniques. In the present work, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was further developed for the quantitative imaging of the 3D microscopic hyphal growth of Physisporinus vitreus, a versatile fungus for engineering value-added wood products. To this purpose, the fungus was stained with a fluorescent dye Alexa Fluor. The 3D information obtained by CLSM has a high potential as a basis for the development of mathematical models for a more precise observation of the growth behavior of wood-decay fungi

Published
2014

112. Laccase catalyzed synthesis of iodinated phenolic compounds with antifungal activity

Author

Ihssen, Julian, Schubert, Mark, Thöny-Meyer, Linda, and Richter, Michael

Subjects
Antifungal Agents, Enzyme Classes, Applied Microbiology, Laccase, lcsh:R, Fungi, lcsh:Medicine, Mycology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Catalysis, Mass Spectrometry, Enzymes, Phenols, Biocatalysis, lcsh:Q, Oxidoreductases, lcsh:Science, Biology, Oxidation-Reduction, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Research Article, Biotechnology, Iodine
Abstract

Iodine is a well known antimicrobial compound. Laccase, an oxidoreductase which couples the one electron oxidation of diverse phenolic and non-phenolic substrates to the reduction of oxygen to water, is capable of oxidizing unreactive iodide to reactive iodine. We have shown previously that laccase-iodide treatment of spruce wood results in a wash-out resistant antimicrobial surface. In this study, we investigated whether phenolic compounds such as vanillin, which resembles sub-structures of softwood lignin, can be directly iodinated by reacting with laccase and iodide, resulting in compounds with antifungal activity. HPLC-MS analysis showed that vanillin was converted to iodovanillin by laccase catalysis at an excess of potassium iodide. No conversion of vanillin occurred in the absence of enzyme. The addition of redox mediators in catalytic concentrations increased the rate of iodide oxidation ten-fold and the yield of iodovanillin by 50%. Iodinated phenolic products were also detected when o-vanillin, ethyl vanillin, acetovanillone and methyl vanillate were incubated with laccase and iodide. At an increased educt concentration of 0.1 M an almost one to one molar ratio of iodide to vanillin could be used without compromising conversion rate, and the insoluble iodovanillin product could be recovered by simple centrifugation. The novel enzymatic synthesis procedure fulfills key criteria of green chemistry. Biocatalytically produced iodovanillin and iodo-ethyl vanillin had significant growth inhibitory effects on several wood degrading fungal species. For Trametes versicolor, a species causing white rot of wood, almost complete growth inhibition and a partial biocidal effect was observed on agar plates. Enzymatic tests indicated that the iodinated compounds acted as enzyme responsive, antimicrobial materials.

Published
2014

118. Being a Professional Swim Coach.

Author

Klein-Prindle, Kathleen and Schubert, Mark

Abstract

The article presents an interview with professional swimming coaches Mark Schubert and Kathleen Klein-Prindle.

Published
2019

119. Differential Diagnosis in Conventional Radiology

Author

Schubert, Mark

Subjects
Differential Diagnosis in Conventional Radiology (Nonfiction work) -- Book reviews, Books -- Book reviews, Business, Health, Health care industry
Published
2008

120. Pediatric radiology review

Author

Schubert, Mark

Subjects
Pediatric Radiology Review (Book) -- Pappas, Michael D. -- Yamamoto, Loren G. -- Anene, Okechukwu, Books -- Book reviews, Business, Health, Health care industry
Abstract

Pediatric radiology review. Pappas M, Yamamoto L, Anene O. 2006. 174 pgs. Humana Press Inc. www.humanapress.com. $71.55. This book is, in simple terms, exactly what the title suggests--a 'review of [...]

Published
2007

122. Phase III trial of bisphosphonates as adjuvant therapy in primary breast cancer: SWOG/Alliance/ECOG-ACRIN/NCIC Clinical Trials Group/NRG Oncology study S0307.

Author

Gralow, Julie, primary, Barlow, William E., additional, Paterson, Alexander H. G., additional, Lew, Danika, additional, Stopeck, Alison, additional, Hayes, Daniel F., additional, Hershman, Dawn L., additional, Schubert, Mark, additional, Clemons, Mark J., additional, Van Poznak, Catherine H., additional, Dees, Elizabeth Claire, additional, Ingle, James N., additional, Falkson, Carla Isadora, additional, Elias, Anthony D., additional, Messino, Michael J., additional, Margolis, Jeffrey H., additional, Dakhil, Shaker R., additional, Chew, Helen K., additional, Livingston, Robert B., additional, and Hortobagyi, Gabriel N., additional

Published
2015
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125. Clinical approach in the management of oral chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) in a series of specialized medical centers

Author

Elad, Sharon, primary, Jensen, Siri Beier, additional, Raber-Durlacher, Judith E., additional, Mouradian, Nancy, additional, Correa, Elvira M. P., additional, Schubert, Mark M., additional, Blijlevens, Nicole M. A., additional, Epstein, Joel B., additional, Saunders, Deborah P., additional, Waltimo, Tuomas, additional, Yarom, Noam, additional, Zadik, Yehuda, additional, and Brennan, Michael T., additional

Published
2014
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126. Premature failure of utility poles in Switzerland and Germany related to wood decay basidiomycetes.

Author

Ribera, Javier, Schubert, Mark, Fink, Siegfried, Cartabia, Marco, and Schwarze, Francis W.M.R.

Subjects
*POLES (Engineering), *WOOD decay, *BASIDIOMYCETES, *COPPER
Abstract

In contact with soil, copper (Cu) formulations as preservatives are expected to inhibit wood decay by fungi and other soil-borne microorganisms. However, Curesistant brown-rot (BR) fungi lead to premature failures of utility poles at some sites. In this study, the service lives of 111 utility poles of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) (73 from Switzerland and 38 from Germany) impregnated with Cu-based wood preservatives were investigated. Three segments of each utility pole were analyzed. The severity of decay was dependent on the preservative formulation. BR fungi and in particular Antrodia species were predominantly isolated from utility poles that were not treated with a co-biocide, e.g. boron (B). Cu-sensitivity of several isolated BR fungi was confirmed in studies on Cu-amended medium and in Cu-treated wood. Isolates of Fibroporia vaillantii and Serpula himantioides showed a higher Cu-tolerance than the highly Cu-tolerant Empa isolate Rhodonia placenta (Empa 45) or Antrodia serialis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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127. A Protein-Nanocellulose Paper for Sensing Copper Ions at the Nano- to Micromolar Level.

Author

Weishaupt, Ramon, Siqueira, Gilberto, Schubert, Mark, Kämpf, Michael M., Zimmermann, Tanja, Maniura ‐ Weber, Katharina, and Faccio, Greta

Subjects
COPPER ions, BIOMOLECULES, PHYCOCYANIN, BIOSENSORS, FLUORIMETER, BLOOD serum analysis
Abstract

Tracing heavy metals is a crucial issue in both environmental and medical samples. In this work, a sensing biomolecule, the cyanobacterial C-phycocyanin (CPC), is integrated into a nanocellulose matrix, and with this, a biosensor for copper ions is developed. The assembly of CPC-functionalized nanocellulose into a red-fluorescent, copper-sensitive hybrid film 'CySense', enhances protein stability and facilitates the reuse and the regeneration of the sensor for several cycles over 7 days. CySense is suitable for the analysis of complex medical samples such as human serum filtrate. The reported biosensor reliably detects copper ion contents with a lower detection limit of 200 × 10−9 m and an IC50 of 4.9 × 10−6 m as changes in fluorescence emission intensity that can be measured with a fluorimeter or a microarray laser scanner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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132. SWOG S0307 phase III trial of bisphosphonates as adjuvant therapy in primary breast cancer: Comparison of toxicities and patient-stated preference for oral versus intravenous delivery.

Author

Gralow, Julie, primary, Barlow, William E., additional, Paterson, Alexander H. G., additional, Lew, Danika, additional, Stopeck, Alison, additional, Hayes, Daniel F., additional, Hershman, Dawn L., additional, Schubert, Mark, additional, Clemons, Mark, additional, Van Poznak, Catherine H., additional, Dees, Elizabeth Claire, additional, Ingle, James N., additional, Falkson, Carla Isadora, additional, Elias, Anthony D., additional, Messino, Michael J., additional, Margolis, Jeffrey H., additional, Dakhil, Shaker R., additional, Chew, Helen K., additional, Livingston, Robert B., additional, and Hortobagyi, Gabriel N., additional

Published
2014
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133. Acquired immune tolerance to cadaveric renal allografts: a study of three patients treated with total lymphoid irradiation

Author

Strober, Samuel, Dhillon, Mohan, Schubert, Mark, Holm, Bari, Engleman, Edgar, Benike, Claudia, Hoppe, Richard, Sibley, Richard, Myburgh, J. Albertus, Collins, Geoffrey, and Levin, Barry

Subjects
Radiotherapy -- Methods, Transplantation immunology -- Research, Cell-mediated lympholysis -- Analysis, Immunosuppressive agents -- Adverse and side effects, Leukocytes -- Analysis, Kidneys -- Transplantation
Abstract

When a foreign substance enters the body, an immune response is stimulated in an effort to reject it. This holds true for transplant and graft tissue. Immunosuppressive drugs must be given to reduce the immune response and maintain graft function. However, there are many side effects associated with long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs, and alternative methods to improve immune tolerance are being sought. In an early study using rats, it was possible to reduce the number of cells involved in the immune response by irradiation of the lymphatic system, prior to the introduction of the foreign organs. In three patients receiving kidney transplants, this method of lymphoid irradiation increased graft tolerance for 10-69 months. This method did not exceed the higher tolerance experienced with steroid immunosuppressive drugs and the process of lymphoid irradiation is very complicated. This method, although promising, needs to be improved.

Published
1989

137. The Swim Club as a BUSINESS.

Author

Schubert, Mark

Abstract

The article offers the author's insights as a swimming coach on swimming clubs being treated like business enterprises. Topics mentioned include the talk at the American Swimming Coaches Association (ASCA) World Clinic in 1987, the control of the swimming program in Mission Viejo, California, and the thinking of the coaches like businessman. It also mentioned the history of the Mission Bay Aquatic Center in California.

Published
2016

141. Clinical Neuroimaging: Cases and Key Points

Author

Schubert, Mark

Subjects
Clinical Neuroimaging: Cases and Key Points (Nonfiction work) -- Book reviews, Books -- Book reviews, Business, Health, Health care industry
Published
2008

148. NCCN Task Force Report: Prevention and Management of Mucositis in Cancer Care

Author

Bensinger, William, primary, Schubert, Mark, additional, Ang, Kie-Kian, additional, Brizel, David, additional, Brown, Elizabeth, additional, Eilers, June G., additional, Elting, Linda, additional, Mittal, Bharat B., additional, Schattner, Mark A., additional, Spielberger, Ricardo, additional, Treister, Nathaniel S., additional, and Trotti, Andy M., additional

Published
2008
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