Search

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre estratégias de educação em saúde para prevenção da Dengue, Zika e Chikungunya no âmbito do Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE), visando à atenção integral à saúde de estudantes do ensino público básico nas escolas, em parceria com as Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa nacional, oriunda de um projeto intitulado Arbocontrol, coordenado pela Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade de Brasília, com apoio do Ministério da Saúde, com vistas ao combate e controle das arboviroses decorrentes do Aedes aegypti. De abordagem qualitativa, este estudo fundamenta-se no pensamento foucaultiano de biopolítica. Foram entrevistados 158 professores e 117 profissionais de saúde, de 16 municípios, nas 5 regiões brasileiras. Os resultados indicaram que, na execução do PSE, o saber comunitário não se incorpora nas ações. O modelo educacional conteudista estabelece, a priori, o que deve ser tratado; e a fragilidade na articulação intersetorial para o planejamento das ações tem dificultado sua eficácia. A educação em saúde ainda é entendida como processo informativo para o autocuidado, fomentado por estratégias biopolíticas de disciplinamento dos corpos dos sujeitos ou na constituição de suas subjetividades para o autocuidado, depositando neles a responsabilidade por sua saúde. ABSTRACT This article reflects on health education strategies for the prevention of Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya within the School Health Program toward comprehensive health care of students of primary public education in schools, in partnership with the Primary Health Care Units. This national research is nested in a project called Arbocontrol and coordinated by the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Brasília, with support from the Ministry of Health, to combat and control arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti. This qualitative study is based on the Foucauldian thinking of biopolitics. One hundred fifty-eight teachers and 117 health professionals from 16 municipalities in the five Brazilian regions were interviewed. The results indicated that the implementation of the PSE does not incorporate community knowledge into the actions. The content-oriented educational model establishes, a priori, what should be addressed, and the fragile intersectoral articulation for the planning of actions has hampered its effectiveness. Health education is still understood as an informative process for self-care, fostered by biopolitical strategies of disciplining the bodies of subjects or establishing their subjectivities for self-care, making them accountable for their health.

RESUMO As intervenções de saúde ocular e a prevenção da cegueira na escola são desenvolvidas desde o século passado no Brasil, acompanhando mudanças de modelos de atenção e de saúde na escola. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa da técnica de análise documental que teve por objetivo analisar os documentos normativos sobre a temática da saúde ocular no espaço escolar no Brasil, especialmente no âmbito do Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE), e a trajetória histórica das políticas de saúde ocular. Para tratamento dos dados, adotou-se a análise de conteúdo, sendo o corpus do estudo constituído de 48 atos normativos. Entre estes foi possível identificar decretos presidenciais, consultas públicas, portarias ministeriais, e portarias interministeriais. Evidenciou-se que a saúde ocular integral e coordenada ainda é um desafio para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), dado pela interrupção de iniciativas que garantem acesso a cuidados e pelo pouco incentivo à realização dessas práticas, em detrimento de outras ações do PSE. Constatou-se ainda que o debate sobre ações de saúde ocular no ambiente escolar é datado anteriormente à Política Nacional de Atenção em Oftalmologia, revelando pioneirismo no trabalho da temática na Atenção Primária à Saúde. ABSTRACT Eye healthcare interventions and prevention of blindness at school have been developed since the last century in Brazil, following changes in models of care and health at school. This is a qualitative research of documentary analysis that aimed to analyze the normative documents on the subject of eye health in schools in Brazil, especially within the scope of the School Health Program (PSE) and the historical trajectory of eye healthcare policies. For data treatment, content analysis was adopted, and the corpus of the study consisted of 48 normative acts. Among the normative acts, it was possible to identify Presidential Decrees, Public Consultations, Ministerial Decrees, and Interministerial Decrees. It became evident that a comprehensive and coordinated eye healthcare is still a challenge for the Unified Health System (SUS) due to the interruption of initiatives that guarantee access to healthcare and the little incentive to carry out these practices in detriment of other PSE actions. It was also found that the debate on eye healthcare actions in the school environment dates back to the National Policy of Care in Ophthalmology, revealing a pioneering work on the subject in Primary Health Care.

RESUMO O Programa Saúde na Escola elege a promoção da saúde como diretriz para o desenvolvimento de ações de saúde na escola. O objetivo foi identificar e analisar fortalezas, oportunidades, fragilidades e ameaças ao programa para implementar ações de promoção da saúde que promovem hábitos alimentares saudáveis. Esta revisão, de abordagem qualitativa, selecionou 29 artigos de avaliação do programa, publicados entre 2015 e 2021. Pela Matriz Fofa, a análise agrupou os resultados em: Fortalezas, Oportunidades, Fraquezas e Ameaças. Entre as fortalezas, destacaram-se a proximidade dos setores de saúde e educação e a integração entre escola, unidade de saúde e família. Como oportunidades, observou-se a possibilidade de planejamento intersetorial para promoção da saúde. As fragilidades referem-se à desarticulação intersetorial, à falta de formação e à predominância de ações biomédicas. As ameaças encontradas demonstram a centralização do poder na saúde e a aproximação dos escolares ao serviço de saúde sem uma compreensão ampliada da promoção da saúde, oportunizando a medicalização. Conclui-se que é possível desenvolver ações educativas intersetoriais para promoção da alimentação saudável nos serviços básicos envolvendo os escolares e suas famílias. Essas ações devem ser priorizadas nas agendas públicas a fim de viabilizar sua prática cotidiana nos serviços. ABSTRACT The School Health Program (PSE) elects health promotion as a guideline for developing health actions at school. The aim is to identify and analyze the program’s strengths, opportunities, weaknesses, and threats to implement health-promoting actions that promote healthy eating habits. This review, of qualitative approach, comprises 29 articles of evaluation of the program published between 2015 and 2021. By the SWOT matrix, the analysis grouped the results into Strengths, Opportunities, Weaknesses, and Threats. Among the strengths, the proximity of the health and education sectors and the integration between the school, health unit, and family stood out; as opportunities, the possibility of intersectoral planning for health promotion was observed. The weaknesses refer to the intersectoral disarticulation, the lack of training, and the predominance of biomedical actions. The threats found demonstrate the centralization of power in health and the schoolchildren’s approach to the health service without a broader understanding of health promotion, providing opportunities for medicalization. It is concluded that it is possible to develop intersectoral educational actions to promote healthy eating in basic services involving schoolchildren and their families. This practice should be prioritized in public agendas in order to enable its daily practice in services.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a evolução da implementação do Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) ao longo dos 15 anos no Brasil. Utilizou-se a abordagem metodológica mista, envolvendo a combinação de análise documental e estudo ecológico com dados secundários de 2007 a 2021 registrados no processo histórico de implementação do PSE no Brasil. Observou-se que, nesses 15 anos, o PSE avançou não somente impactando expressivamente no percentual de municípios que aderiram ao Programa, mas também na sua estrutura e formatação, tendo o território como principal lócus do seu desenvolvimento e a articulação entre saúde e educação como a estratégia propulsora de arranjos locais. Ademais, o modelo de gestão intersetorial do PSE auxilia a articulação das redes de saúde e de educação de forma interfederativa. Portanto, esta análise histórica dá um panorama da saúde escolar no Brasil sob o prisma do PSE e provê a perspectiva de aprimoramento necessária para a continuidade sustentável e qualificada do Programa. ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to analyze the evolution of the implementation of the School Health Program (PSE) over its 15 years in Brazil. A mixed methodological approach was used, involving a combination of document analysis and ecological study with secondary data from 2007 to 2021 recorded in the historical process of implementing the PSE in Brazil. It was observed that in these fifteen years the PSE has advanced not only significantly impacting the percentage of municipalities that joined the Program, but also in its structure and format, having the territory as the main locus of its development, and the articulation between health and education as the driving strategy of local arrangements. Furthermore, the PSE’s intersectoral management model helps the articulation of health and education networks in an interfederative manner. Therefore, this historical analysis gives an overview of school health in Brazil from the perspective of the PSE and provides the perspective of improvement necessary for the sustainable and qualified continuity of the Program.

RESUMO A promoção da atividade física integra uma das 13 ações do Programa Saúde da Escola (PSE). O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as ações de práticas corporais e atividade física registradas em três ciclos de adesão (2014-2015, 2017-2018 e 2019-2020), por região e Unidade Federativa (UF). Por meio de análise descritiva, foram apresentados os números de ações realizadas em cada ano, ciclo, UF e região. Observou-se aumento de municípios e escolas nas adesões a cada ciclo em todas as regiões. Considerando o total de municípios compreendidos em cada região, 100% dos municípios do Nordeste aderiram ao PSE nos dois últimos ciclos. O Sudeste teve a menor proporção de municípios aderidos em todos os ciclos. Em cada ciclo, a maior parte das ações foi realizada no primeiro ano na maioria das UF. Nacionalmente, houve aumento do número de ações em todos os ciclos, com destaque para o Nordeste e o Sudeste. Do primeiro para o terceiro ciclo, esse aumento foi maior no Sudeste e no Sul. Minas Gerais, Bahia, Ceará e Maranhão totalizaram quase metade das ações. Os resultados evidenciaram diferentes nuances na implementação da promoção da atividade física e podem subsidiar tecnicamente gestores e técnicos vinculados ao PSE. ABSTRACT The promotion of physical activities is one of the 13 actions of the School Health Program. This study aims to describe the actions of body practices and physical activity registered in three accession cycles (2014-2015, 2017-2018, and 2019-2020) by region and Federative Unit (FU). Using descriptive analysis, the number of actions, in each year, cycle, FU, and region were presented. In all regions, the number of municipalities and schools adhering increased in each cycle. When considering the total number of municipalities of each region, 100% of the Northeast region municipalities adhered to the program in the last two cycles. The Southeast region had the lowest proportion of municipalities that adhered to all the cycles. In most FUs, in each cycle, the majority of actions were conducted in the first year. Nationally, there was an increase in the number of actions in all the cycles, mainly in the Northeast and Southeast. From the first to the third cycle, this increase was higher in the Southeast and South. Minas Gerais, Bahia, Ceará, and Maranhão comprised almost half of the actions. The results showed different nuances in the implementation of the promotion of physical activity and can technically subsidize the managers and technicians linked to the program.

Oral health is essential for general health and well-being throughout the lifespan and is a mark of overall health status. Research and other advances in oral health have led to safe and effective means of maintaining oral health and preventing dental caries. To determine the effectiveness of structured teaching program on prevention of dental caries among school children. An experimental study was conducted among school children, in a selected school at Kanyakumari District. Sixty school children selected using simple random technique for their knowledge on prevention of dental caries was assessed using pretested and validated tool. The pre-test knowledge was 23% adequate and 27% adequate among experimental and control group respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in mean score of post-test among experimental and control group15.4±3.3 and 9.4±2.7 respectively, (pThe study has great implication for school health nurses, Anganwadi workers on educating children on dental hygiene and prevention of dental caries which can improvise the dental hygiene practices, helps to have young generation free form dental caries. The school education department in the state and central can initiate policies and proper evaluation system at various level to promote dental health., {"references":["1.\tPandey, P., Nandkeoliar, T., Tikku, A. P., Singh, D., & Singh, M. K. (2021). Prevalence of dental caries in the Indian population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry, 11(3), 256.","2.\tBatra, P., Saini, P., & Yadav, V. (2020). Oral health concerns in India. Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research, 10(2), 171-174.","3.\tPitts, N. B., Zero, D. T., Marsh, P. D., Ekstrand, K., Weintraub, J. A., Ramos-Gomez, F., ... & Ismail, A. (2017). Dental caries. Nature reviews Disease primers, 3(1), 1-16.","4.\tMiglani, S. (2020). Burden of dental caries in India: Current scenario and future strategies. International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry, 13(2), 155.","5.\tSalunke, S., Shah, V., Ostbye, T., Gandhi, A., Phalgune, D., Ogundare, M. O., & Sable, V. (2019). Prevalence of dental caries, oral health awareness and treatment-seeking behavior of elderly population in rural Maharashtra. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 30(3), 332.","6.\tJanakiram, C., Antony, B., Joseph, J., & Ramanarayanan, V. (2018). Prevalence of Dental Caries in India among the WHO Index Age Groups: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research, 12(8).","7.\tKhan, S. Y. (2019). Knowledge, attitude and awareness to dental caries among Indian children and adolescents: A case-control study. Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada, 19.","8.\tKumari, S., Samson, R., Devi, S., & Wilson, S. (2019). A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Dental Caries among School Students in Rural Areas of Anichakuppam, Puducherry. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research, 9(4), 545-548.","9.\tSabbagh, H. J., Alghamdi, D. S., Almutairi, W. M., Alshahrani, S. A., & Alghamdi, A. S. (2019). Knowledge and practices for early childhood caries prevention among parents of the children visiting king abdulaziz university pediatric dental clinics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Contemp Dent, 2(9), 53-8.","10.\tReang, T., & Bhattacharjya, H. (2014). Mother's knowledge and practice regarding oral hygiene and challenges in the prevention of dental caries of under-five children in an urban resettlement colony. Int J Med Sci Public Health, 3(1), 76-80."]}

Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of depression and to determine whether high-risk health behaviors were associated with it among school-going adolescents, thereby assessing the need to integrate mental health services with the school health program. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 260 adolescents in schools of Bhavnagar city (western India) during January-October 2017. To assess depression, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was used and high-risk health behaviors were assessed by the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) tool. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess whether high-risk health behaviors were independent predictors of depression. The prevalence of depression was found to be 43%. Among high-risk health behaviors, adolescents carrying a sharp weapon to the school was the lowest (4%) and not eating breakfast was the highest (88%). On multiple logistic regression, feeling unsafe at school, self-perception regarding overweight, being a female, not living with both parents in the same house, being unhappy with school performance, having illness/seriously injured, and immediate family member being seriously ill/injured were found to be the significant predictors of depression among the adolescents. There is a need to address mental health issues like depression and high-risk health behaviors under the school health program through screening interventions.

世界の成人肥満人口は10％を超え，いずれも生活習慣病が死因の1位となっている．ミクロネシア連邦ポンペイ州でも肥満対策は喫緊の課題とされてきたが，生活習慣改善の行動変容は成人期では容易ではなく，これまで大きな成果はみられていない． 2001年からミクロネシア連邦ポンペイ州保健局公衆衛生課で、生活習慣病対策および学校保健に関わり，小学校における生活習慣病対策に関する健康教育について研究してきた．今回これまでの研究の結果と学校保健の現況、今後の課題を検討した．, NCD is one cause of death for over 10% for the adult overweight population of the world. Adult obesity is a pressing problem at Micronesia, Pohnpei State improvement of their lifestyle is not easy in adulthood, and a big outcome has not been seen up to now. I have been engaged in the NCD and school health program by the Division of Primary Health Care, Department of Health Services, Pohnpei State Government since 2001 and have studied regarding School Health Education about NCD at an elementary school. The present state and future's problem will be reported in this paper.

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents are often at higher risk than their heterosexual peers for adverse sexual health, violence, mental health, and substance use outcomes. Schools are a vital resource for enhancing protective behaviors and reducing risk behaviors. Sixteen school districts selected schools to implement a sexual health program (exposed) or usual programming (unexposed). We analyzed LGB student health outcomes using 2015 and 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. Analyses compared LGB student health outcomes by exposure status across time points using a multilevel approach. Program exposure was associated with decreased odds of ever having sex, ever testing for HIV, and using effective hormonal birth control, and an increased odds of condom use. There were no significant findings among secondary violence, mental health, and substance use outcomes. This evaluation highlights the potential for schools to reduce sexual risk behaviors among LGB youth, and opportunities to improve access to health services.