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It is well-known that men and women differ in their views regarding the severity of climate change, but do they also differ in their support for climate policy and in undertaking climate action? Previous evidence on this question is inconsistent, but unique survey data from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency enable us to answer it in the affirmative. Swedish women worry more about climate change and perceive it to be a bigger threat than men do. Furthermore, women report a greater support than men for policies to mitigate climate change through political interventions, and also undertake more voluntary actions to achieve this goal. More generally, the results suggest that women and men differ in their willingness to alter behavior and support policy to help mitigate other large scale crises, such as global pandemics.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the application of community mental health nursing (CMHN) model using an intervention of nursing standard care and cognitive behavioral therapy on life skills and work productivity for the adult population with schizophrenia. Method This study was an experimental study with an equivalent control group using randomly allocated 193 participants to either the intervention or control group at community health center in Cipayung, Jakarta. The intervention comprised in a 4-month cognitive behavioral therapy that was implemented by 33 community psychiatric nurse staff to improve the life skills and work productivity of people with schizophrenia. The instruments used to evaluate the intervention were the Indonesian version of the life skill profile (LSP) questionnaire and the work productivity and activity impairment scale (WPAI). The data analysis used a paired t-test. Results The findings show that there was a significant difference in scores on the LSP before and after the implementation in the intervention group (19.94 ± 1.27 and 38.83 ± 9.32) with p Conclusions CMHN models using basic community mental health nursing interventions can be used to improve life skills and work productivity of people with schizophrenia so this could be a skill to strengthen the ability to live in the community in this type of patients.

Under the influence of international green trade barriers, export scale of China's heavily polluting enterprises is reduced. How to improve the export vitality and corporate image of polluting enterprises? Different from the existing studies, this paper focuses on green merger and acquisition (green M&A) of polluting enterprises which can quickly obtain clean enterprise resources, and compares the impact of different green M&A modes on export performance and export margin by refining the frequency, scale and geographical characteristics of green M&A. First, based on propensity score matching - double difference (PSM-DID) method, this paper finds that green M&A can increase export performance. The frequency and scale of green M&A are positively correlated with export performance. Geographic distance of green M&A enterprises is negatively correlated with export performance. Second, green M&A can increase export performance by promoting green innovation, government subsidies and bank financing capacity, and reduce export performance by increasing environmental governance costs. Third, by comparing different green M&A, this paper finds that horizontal green M&A can increase more exports than vertical green M&A. Forth, further compare the impact of green M&A on export binary margin, it is found that green M&A can promote export-expansion margin and has a U-shaped relationship on export-intensive margin. The conclusion is of great significance to improve export performance of polluting enterprises, and provides an empirical basis for adjusting green M&A strategy.

Objective: There is strong evidence that individuals’ feminist orientation is a significant predictor of gender-based violence awareness and capability to intervene. The objective of this study is to validate the Spanish version of the Feminism and the Women's Movement Scale (FWMS) that assesses the feminist orientation. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out, administering the FWMS to 407 university students of Health Sciences and Social Work. A confirmatory factor analysis was carried out and the adjustment of the model was examined through confirmatory factor analysis, analyzing structural equations. Results: The results revealed Cronbach's alpha = 0.869 and KMO = 0.923; Bartlett

Aims and objectives The holistic care dependency concept can be applied to gain comprehensive insights into individuals' care needs in the end-of-life (EoL) phase. This study was carried out to measure and characterise the "care dependency" phenomenon in this phase and to obtain deeper knowledge about this phenomenon. Background The end of a human life is often characterised by a physical decline, often implying that a high amount of care is needed. Non-malignant diseases can develop unpredictably; therefore, it is difficult to detect the onset of the EoL phase. Design Data were collected in a cross-sectional multicentre study, using the Austrian Nursing Quality Measurement 2.0. Methods Descriptive and multivariate statistical methods were used. Care dependency was measured with the Care Dependency Scale (CDS). The study follows the STROBE guideline. Results Ten per cent (n = 389) of the sample (N = 3589) were allocated to "a pathway for management of patients at the end of life." The patients and residents in the EoL phase are significantly older and more often diagnosed with dementia, and circulatory system and musculoskeletal system diseases. Of these patients, 60% were care dependent completely or to a great extent. Dementia and age represent main influencing factors that affect the degree of care dependency at the end of life. Conclusion Our results show that the "typical" EoL patient or resident is female, old and affected by dementia and/or circulatory system diseases. Dementia and age were identified as main factors that contribute to very high care dependency. Relevance to clinical practice The measurement of care dependency may support the identification of special care needs in the EoL phase. Gaining deeper knowledge about the care dependency phenomenon can also help healthcare staff better understand the needs of patients with non-malignant conditions in their last phase of life.

Purpose Overcrowding in emergency departments (EDs) is a concerning global problem and has been identified as a national crisis in some countries. Several emergency sorting systems designed successfully in the world. Launched in 2004, a group of branches in south African triage score (SATS) developed. The effectiveness of the case sorting system of SATS was evaluated to reduce the patient's length of stay (LOS) and mortality rate within the ED at Suez Canal University Hospital. Methods The study was designed as an intervention study that included a systematic random sample of patients who presented to the ED in Suez Canal University Hospital. This study was implemented in three phases: pre-intervention phase, 115 patients were assessed by the traditional protocols; intervention phase, a structured training program was provided to the ED staff, including a workshop and lectures; and post-intervention phase, 230 patients were assessed by SATS. All the patients were retriaged 2 h later, calculating the LOS per patient and the mortality. Data was collected and entered using Microsoft Excel software. Collected data from the Triage sheet were analyzed using the SPSS software program version 22.0. Results The LOS in the ED was about 183.78 min before the intervention; while after the training program and the application of SATS, it was reduced to 51.39 min. About 15.7% of the patients died before the intervention; however, after the intervention the ratio decreased to 10.7% deaths. Conclusion SATS is better at assessing patients without missing important data. Additionally, it resulted in a decrease in the LOS and reduction in the mortality rate compared to the traditional protocol.

Academic writing block is a psychology-based writing problem that has a productivity-lowering effect on the publishing process. This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable assessment tool to measure academic writing block. To this end, during the pre-trial and trial applications, academicians were interviewed face to face. The main application was realized through the online form. A pre-reliability test, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and total item correlation were conducted in the trial application. In the main application, reliability test, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and total item correlation were performed for construct validity. After the trial application, it was determined that the scale has a four-factor structure consisting of 23 items. Cronbach Alpha values were calculated to determine the preliminary reliability of the scale. CFA was conducted to test the construct validity of the Academic Writing Block Scale (AWBS). It was observed that the structure with four implicit variables determined in CFA was confirmed by the remaining 18 items in the scale. Besides, the total item correlation was used to test construct validity. Cronbach Alpha values were calculated to determine the reliability of AWBS. According to these values, it can be said that AWBS is a valid and reliable assessment instrument that can be used to measure academic writing block.

Objective This scoping review aimed to identify how equity has been considered in large-scale infectious disease testing initiatives. Study Design and Setting Large-scale testing interventions are instrumental for infectious disease control and a central tool for the coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. We searched Web of Science: core collection, Embase and Medline in June 2021 and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations for scoping reviews. We critically analyzed the content of all included articles. Results Our search resulted in 2448 studies of which 86 were included for data extraction after screening. Of the included articles, 80% reported on COVID-19 -related screening programs. None of the studies presented a formal definition of (in)equity in testing, however, 71 articles did indirectly include elements of equity through the justification of their target population. Of these 71 studies, 58% articles indirectly alluded to health equity according to the PROGRESS-Plus framework, an acronym used to identify a list of socially stratifying characteristics driving inequity in health outcomes. Conclusion The studies included in our scoping review did not explicitly consider equity in their design or evaluation which is imperative for the success of infectious disease testing programs.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep apnea is a chronic disorder associated with multiple recognized comorbidities. Only a few studies focus on evaluating the cognitive profile in patients diagnosed with sleep apnea. The aim of the study was to assess the cognitive functions in this population using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. METHODS: The study cohort was 1,445 adult patients who were referred for overnight polysomnography, 764 cases and 681 healthy controls. All participants’ clinical data and comorbidities were taken, and they all performed overnight polysomnography and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. RESULTS: A significantly higher proportion (57.5%) of sleep apnea groups were males; 15.7% were illiterate compared to the non-sleep apnea group. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were significantly more prevalent among studied patients with sleep apnea, and the mean total score for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale was significantly lower among those with sleep apnea at P < .001. Those with no sleep apnea showed a significantly higher function in all attributes compared to patients with sleep apnea—namely, language, orientation, abstraction, naming, attention, and recall (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate predictors for occurrence of cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score < 26) among the studied sample (n = 1,445). The overall model was significant at P < .001. Variables that showed significance in univariate analysis were entered in the model. Significant predictors for cognitive impairment were being male, older age, diabetic, hypertensive, and with a lower level of education and having sleep apnea. CITATION: Mekky JF, Yousof S, Elsayed I, Elsemelawy R, Mahmoud H, Elweshahi H. Assessment of the cognitive functions in adult Egyptian patients with obstructive sleep apnea using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment: a retrospective large-scale study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(3):721–729.

Psychosocial functioning impairment is prevalent in first-episode psychosis and chronic schizophrenia. The Quality of Life Scale (QLS) is a widely used tool to measure psychosocial functioning; however, given the overlap between negative symptoms and functioning, along with the QLS being conceptualized initially as a measure of the deficit syndrome, it is unclear whether summing QLS items into a total score is an appropriate measure of overall psychosocial functioning. This study aimed to examine the centrality of QLS items and the appropriateness of using a QLS total score. Participants with first-episode psychosis (n = 404) completed the QLS. Item centrality was assessed using a network analysis approach, while reliability and dimensionality of the QLS total score and subscales were measured using bifactor modeling and related psychometric indices. Network analysis results showed that an item relating to motivation was the most central item within the scale. Moreover, bifactor modeling results found that motivation and other items relating to negative symptoms may reflect the QLS total score more strongly than other functioning (i.e., Interpersonal, Instrumental) domains. Based on these findings, we urge researchers to use caution when using a QLS total score, as it may unequally confound functional domains and motivation. Moreover, our results continue to underscore the importance of negative symptoms, particularly motivational impairment, in psychosocial functioning. Future studies should aim to examine the centrality of other functioning measures in psychosis and schizophrenia, as our results suggest that psychosocial functioning may be greatly influenced by motivation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has provided the most important set of guidelines for web accessibility which is popularly known as Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). The accessibility analysis of higher education websites becomes paramount important to make them inclusive considering the growing number of enrollments of persons with disabilities (PwDs) in higher education, in countries such as India. This paper presents the accessibility analysis of higher education websites with the case study of college websites ( N = 44 ) affiliated with the University of Kashmir and Cluster University Srinagar. The study has been carried out with two major accessibility evaluation tools called web accessibility test, denoted as TAW and the accessibility engine powering browser extensions called the accessibility engine, denoted as aXe. This paper lists the major accessibility barriers exposed by these sites in terms of metrics such as a number of problems, warnings and a status of success criteria violations. With respect to TAW tool, a number of problems observed were 2646, a large number of warnings to the scale of 15995 and the not reviewed items were 1356. With aXe tool, the total violations observed were 1951 and items needing review were 1733. Findings of the statistical analysis are also presented in this paper. This paper presents a roadmap of steps for making these websites inclusive and barrier-free for PwDs.

Purpose Return to work self-efficacy (RTW-SE) is a strong predictor of return to work (RTW) in employees with mental health problems (MHPs). However, little is known about the development of RTW-SE during the RTW process. In this study, we aimed to identify RTW-SE trajectories in the year following sick leave in employees with MHPs and provided a description of the trajectories in terms of personal and work characteristics, and RTW status. Methods This multi-wave study included 111 employees with MHPs. RTW-SE was measured at baseline, and at 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up with the RTW-SE scale for employees with MHPs. Results Latent class growth analysis revealed six trajectories. In three trajectories employees had increasing RTW-SE scores, namely (class 1) low start, moderate increase, (class 3) moderate start, small increase and (class 5) moderate start, steep increase. The other trajectories were defined by (class 2) persistently high, (class 6) persistently low, and (class 4) decreasing RTW-SE scores over time. Employees across the various trajectories differed significantly with respect to RTW status, and personal and work characteristics measured at baseline, including age, gender, and type of MHP. Less favorable trajectories (class 4 and 6) were characterized by higher age, a higher prevalence of anxiety disorder and lower RTW rates. The most favorable trajectory (class 2) was characterized by a higher proportion of stress-related disorders and less major depression diagnoses. Conclusions Large heterogeneity exists in terms of RTW-SE trajectories in employees with MHPs and significant differences were found across the trajectories regarding personal and work characteristics, and RTW status. Insights into RTW-SE trajectories and their attributes are important to advance more effective and personalized RTW treatment for employees with MHPs.

Although associations between fear of fat and eating disorders (ED) have been frequently studied, it appears that the construct of fear of fat requires in-depth understanding to determine whether it is similar in individuals diagnosed with bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and individuals from the general population. The purpose of our study was to confirm the factor structure of the Goldfarb Fear of Fat Scale (GFFS) in clinical and non-clinical settings. This issue has not yet been investigated in the literature. Data were collected from 126 female patients diagnosed with ED and a total of 581 women from the general population. Our findings are highly consistent with the original single-factor structure of GFFS but only in the clinical sample. In the non-clinical sample, a good fit to the data has been achieved with a two-factor model composed of Fear of gaining weight and Fear of losing control over eating/weight. The Polish version of GFFS demonstrated good psychometric properties. It can be used as a fast screening tool to identify individuals with eating disorders and those at risk of developing such disorders. We recommend the two-factor model for non-clinical samples and the one-dimensional model for clinical samples for both research and practice.

Digital Pathology (DP) is a platform which has the potential to develop a truly integrated and global pathology community. The generation of DP data at scale creates novel challenges for the histopathology community in managing, processing, and governing the use of these data. The current understanding of, and confidence in, the legal and ethical aspects of DP by pathologists is unknown. We developed an electronic survey (e‐survey) comprising of 22 questions, which was developed with input from the Royal College of Pathologists (RCPath) Digital Pathology Working Group. The e‐survey was circulated via e‐mail and social media (Twitter) through the RCPath Digital Pathology Working Group network, RCPath Trainee Committee network, the Pathology image data Lake for Analytics, Knowledge and Education (PathLAKE) digital pathology consortium, National Pathology Imaging Co‐operative (NPIC), local contacts, and to the membership of both The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland and the British Division of the International Academy of Pathology (BDIAP). Between 14 July 2020 and 6 September 2020, we collected 198 responses representing a cross section of histopathologists, including individuals with experience of DP research. We ascertained that in the UK, DP is being used for diagnosis, research, and teaching, and that the platform is enabling data sharing. Our survey demonstrated that there is often a lack of confidence and understanding of the key issues of consent, legislation, and ethical guidelines. Of 198 respondents, 82 (41%) did not know when the use of digital scanned slide images would fall under the relevant legislation and 93 (47%) were ‘Not confident at all’ in their interpretation of consent for scanned slide images in research. With increasing uptake of DP, a working knowledge of these areas is essential but histopathologists often express a lack of confidence in these topics. The need for specific training in these areas is highlighted by the findings of this study.

Background The Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process (PPCP) was developed to describe a consistent process in which pharmacists in any setting provide patient care. Faculty at a midwestern university developed and refined an assessment tool which provides an indirect approach to measure student confidence in performing skills essential to the PPCP. The objective of this paper is to conduct a stepwise factor analysis to refine the PPCP survey. Methods Assessing appropriateness of survey response data led to an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on student confidence data to refine the survey instrument and examine the underlying constructs that influence student responses. Post EFA, the results were presented to the research team that collaboratively reached consensus on inclusion or exclusion of items. Results EFA factor loadings identified a 4-factor solution suggesting elimination of 30 items from the original 53 item survey. Team discussions led to eliminating 29 items, combining two items and generation of 5 new items in order to retain important concepts. The outcome was a well-conceptualized and refined 29 item-survey model assessing 4 constructs. Conclusion To potentially improve patient outcomes, it is imperative to utilize comprehensive yet concise survey instruments, like the PPCP Skills Self-Efficacy Survey, to prepare students to translate PPCP skills to practice.

Hydrogen is regarded as a key component of future low-carbon energy systems. Yet, for the implementation of hydrogen technologies on a large scale it is necessary to consider social acceptance. Studies on acceptance of hydrogen technologies have resulted in neutral to positive evaluations. This paper extends previous studies by focusing on large-scale hydrogen infrastructure. Within the project ELEGANCY, quantitative data on the acceptance was gathered among the German population. The results confirm the positive perception of hydrogen on a general level. However, the high level of acceptance is decreasing when it comes to infrastructure implementation in the own neighbourhood. In this paper, the gap between acceptance of hydrogen technology on a general level and the level of its infrastructural implementation is analysed, focusing on new pipeline infrastructure. The results show that sociodemographic factors, especially the variable age, as well as project-related factors, especially trust in stakeholders, have a high explanatory power.

Background Despite a better understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of patients with anaphylaxis, there remain knowledge gaps. Enumerating and prioritizing these gaps would allow limited scientific resources to be directed more effectively. Objective We sought to systematically describe and appraise anaphylaxis knowledge gaps and future research priorities based on their potential impact and feasibility. Methods We convened a 25-member multidisciplinary panel of anaphylaxis experts. Panelists formulated knowledge gaps/research priority statements in an anonymous electronic survey. Four anaphylaxis themed writing groups were formed to refine statements: (1) Population Science, (2) Basic and Translational Sciences, (3) Emergency Department Care/Acute Management, and (4) Long-Term Management Strategies and Prevention. Revised statements were incorporated into an anonymous electronic survey, and panelists were asked to rate the impact and feasibility of addressing statements on a continuous 0 to 100 scale. Results The panel generated 98 statements across the 4 anaphylaxis themes: Population Science (29), Basic and Translational Sciences (27), Emergency Department Care/Acute Management (24), and Long-Term Management Strategies and Prevention (18). Median scores for impact and feasibility ranged from 50.0 to 95.0 and from 40.0 to 90.0, respectively. Key statements based on median rating for impact/feasibility included the need to refine anaphylaxis diagnostic criteria, identify reliable diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic anaphylaxis bioassays, develop clinical prediction models to standardize postanaphylaxis observation periods and hospitalization criteria, and determine immunotherapy best practices. Conclusions We identified and systematically appraised anaphylaxis knowledge gaps and future research priorities. This study reinforces the need to harmonize scientific pursuits to optimize the outcomes of patients with and at risk of anaphylaxis.

Although infants' sleep behaviors are shaped by their interactions with parents at bedtime, few tools exist to capture parents' sleep parenting practices. This study developed a Sleep Parenting Scale for Infants (SPS-I) and aimed to (1) explore and validate its factorial structure, (2) examine its measurement invariance across mothers and fathers, and (3) investigate its reliability and concurrent and convergent validity. SPS-I was developed via a combination of items modified from existing scales and the development of novel items. Participants included 188 mothers and 152 mother-father dyads resulting in 340 mothers and 152 fathers; about half were non-Hispanic white. Mothers and fathers completed a 14-item SPS-I for their 12-month-old infant. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to explore and validate SPS-I's underlying structure. Multigroup CFA was used to examine measurement invariance across mothers and fathers. Reliability was examined using Cronbach's alpha. Concurrent validity was assessed using linear regressions examining associations between SPS-I factors and parent-reported infants nighttime sleep duration. Convergent validity was assessed using paired-sample t-tests to test whether the SPS-I subscale scores were similar between mothers and fathers in the same household. EFA and CFA confirmed a 3-factor, 12-item model: sleep routines, sleep autonomy, and screen media in the sleep environment. SPS-I was invariant across mothers and fathers and was reliable. Concurrent and convergent validity were established. SPS-I has good psychometric properties, supporting its use for characterizing sleep routines, sleep autonomy, and screen media in the sleep environment by mothers and fathers.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2021.2002799 .

Objective The Dementia Rating Scale-2 (DRS-2) is recommended for assessing global cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD) by the Movement Disorder Society. However, empirical evidence is limited regarding the degree to which the DRS-2 corresponds to traditional neurocognitive domains (i.e., construct validity) in PD. Thus, this study aims to determine the construct validity of the DRS-2 in a non-demented sample of PD patients. Method Patients with PD (n = 359; mean age = 64.50 ± 8.53, education = 14.97 ± 2.73, disease duration = 8.48 ± 4.87, UPDRS Part III motor scale scores = 25.23 ± 10.17) completed the DRS-2 as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment consisting of attention/working memory, executive function, language, delayed recall, and visuoperceptual-spatial skills.Bootstrapped bias-corrected Spearman rho's correlations andhierarchical linear regressions were performed to examine construct validity of DRS-2 total and subscale scores. Results Speeded measures of set-shifting, rapid word generation to letter and semantic cues, and simple visuoperceptual skills largely accounted for variance in DRS-2 total scores. Most DRS-2 subscale scores showed weak relationships with theoretically related neuropsychological measures. Conclusions DRS-2 total scores reflect impairment across a range of cognitive domains (i.e., executive, language, and visuoperception), while DRS-2 subscale scores have limited construct validity. Together, the DRS-2 does not appear to have utility beyond screening for global cognition in PD.

The 2015 Pan American and Parapan American Games will be hosted in Toronto. The Athletes’ Village is being constructed in the West Don Lands and post Games will be transformed into a mixed-use community. Due to the scale of the project and brief duration of the Games, the creation of this new neighbourhood in Toronto is a sizeable undertaking but has the potential to accommodate Toronto’s anticipated growth and serve to connect the Waterfront from east to west. The central issue for this paper is identifying the legacy aspects of the Athletes’ Village and how stakeholders can work to mitigate any potential negative impacts identified. The investigation will focus on the social, environmental and economic impacts. Recommendations for stakeholders are presented based on the research approach which included interviews, a review of literature as well as case studies of previous sporting events in Winnipeg, Vancouver, Calgary, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Guadalajara, Mexico.

This chapter focuses on the role which transnational religious actors play in international politics. Conventionally, international politics has been organized around the principle of state sovereignty since the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The chapter examines the activities of transnational actors working from within two different religious traditions: Roman Catholicism and Sikhism. It argues that, despite differences in size, scale and objectives, actors operating from within these two religious traditions have attempted to take advantage of the opportunities afforded by globalization to articulate a transnational identity. The chapter also argues that, despite differences in size, scale and objectives, actors operating from within these two religious traditions have attempted to take advantage of the opportunities afforded by globalization to articulate a transnational identity that, potentially, challenges the international order of territorialized nation-states dating back to the Peace of Westphalia.

Even in the midst of an ecological crisis, population and income continue to increase and so too does the global appetite for meat. One response by scientists has been to work towards making in vitro meat (IVM) a commercial reality, which would allow meat to be produced on a large scale without the husbandry and slaughter of enormous numbers of animals, as under the current industrial meat production system. Proponents of IVM technology claim that it could cut hunger, offer public health benefits, mitigate the environmental effects of conventional industrial meat production, and improve animal welfare. However, taking a critical, ecofeminist perspective on IVM highlights the need to assess not only the technical attributes and possibilities of the technology but also its underlying worldview as well as the unintended social and environmental consequences that could result. Reflecting on the question of whether IVM is a pragmatic, problematic, or paradoxical solution to the ills associated with industrial meat production and increasing meat consumption, this article argues that optimistic claims trumpeting the promissory potential of IVM are over-simplistic and warrant closer scrutiny. The importance of careful deliberation on the implications of emerging technologies like IVM cannot be understated because how the ethical discourse unfolds in the early stages will be significant in influencing public perception and social acceptance as well as shaping policy and regulatory design.

Aim The Rett Syndrome Gross Motor Scale (RSGMS) is an observational measurement, assessing gross motor skills in individuals with Rett syndrome. A Dutch version is lacking. The current study aims to translate and cross-culturally adapt the original RSMGS to Dutch and assess its inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. Design Translation and cross-cultural adaptation were performed in concordance with internationally accepted guidelines. A pretest was performed, and expert validation was assured. Video data of three girls with Rett syndrome was independently assessed by 27 physiotherapists via an online webinar to measure inter-rater reliability. Additionally, videos of 17 individuals with Rett syndrome were scored twice by two raters to assess intra-rater reliability. The reliability of the total score, the three subscale scores and the new items were analyzed using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC). Results Good comprehensibility and expert validation of the RSMGS-NL was achieved, and four items were added to the original scale. Inter-rater reliability for the total score was excellent (ICC 0.97, 95% CI 0.89-0.99), and good to perfect inter-rater reliability for the three subscales; Sitting, Standing & walking and Challenge was found (ICC values 1.0 (95% CI 0), 0.98 (95% CI 0.91-0.99) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.93-0.99) respectively). The intra-rater reliability was excellent for the total test score (ICC 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99) and good to excellent for the subscale scores (ICC values 0.87 (95% CI 0.75-0.94), 0.99 (95% CI 0.98-1.0) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.99) respectively). The four new items (Standing to sitting, walking down a slope, ascending the stairs, descending the stairs) showed good to excellent intra-rater reliability. Conclusion The RSGMS-NL is a reliable measure of gross motor skills in Dutch individuals with Rett syndrome.

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to develop a multidimensional measurement of fashion domain entrepreneurial self-efficacy (FDESE) based on which fashion entrepreneurs will be able to better develop strategies to gain and sustain success in their business development. The research is crucial to advocate fashion entrepreneurship and will provide direction for fashion business incubation services.Design/methodology/approachThis research included three stages with mixed qualitative and quantitative approaches: conceptualizing construct definition and specifying domain(s) to generate initial items, scale purification and scale validation. This study started with reviewing the literature and individual interviews among 19 fashion entrepreneurs, which generated 72 initial items. An online survey was then conducted with individuals who are running or have the intention to run fashion businesses, yielding 249 useable samples for scale purification, which generated 21 items for the validation phase. Lastly, another online survey was administered to individuals who are currently running fashion businesses which resulted in 258 valid responses included for scale validation.FindingsA measure of FDESE that is both reliable and valid was developed, including 21 items across four distinct dimensions: passion for fashion business (five items), marketing and branding (seven items), financial management (five items) and creativity (four items).Originality/valueThis study is the first attempt to develop practical scales measuring self-efficacy that focus on fashion domain entrepreneurship. The newly developed FDESE scale indicates that entrepreneurship not only involves marketing skills, financial knowledge, creativity, leadership, and proactivity but also requires passion and persistence.

BACKGROUND The Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Devices Scale (PIADS) is commonly used to assess the psychosocial effects of an assistive device. Given its growing use, an appraisal of the evidence regarding its psychometric properties is required. PURPOSE To conduct a systematic review using validated critical appraisal scales to analyze both the quality and content of the evidence on the psychometric properties of the PIADS. METHODS PubMed/Medline, Embase and CINAHL were systematically searched for identification of studies. Two independent reviewers appraised the retrieved studies using MacDermid and COSMIN-RoB checklists, and extracted data regarding the psychometric measurements reported. RESULTS MacDermid scores showed that 8 out of 11 studies were at least of good methodological quality. COSMIN-RoB scores ranged from inadequate to very good. Except criterion and construct validity, which have presented a moderate level of evidence, the other psychometric properties assessed have demonstrated a high level of evidence. Cross-cultural validity, measurement error and responsiveness have not been studied. CONCLUSION Few studies have yet evaluated the psychometric properties of the PIADS. However, the quality of the evidence that they provide is mostly adequate. Therefore, this review supports the use of the PIADS which has overall good psychometric properties.

The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. It included the right to medical care. Now, 70 years later, psychologists are recognized as health care providers and have developed several evidence-based health interventions. Digital interventions have the potential to scale access to evidence-based interventions to a degree unimaginable even a few decades ago. This article addresses five key concepts: (a) knowledge is meant to be shared, (b) evidence-based interventions are essential, (c) treatment is not enough to reduce prevalence of mental disorders; prevention is key, (d) nonconsumable interventions have the greatest potential for scalability, and (e) technology now allows us to blanket the world with psychological interventions. By harnessing technology, we can now think globally, act locally, and share globally. Psychology can thus help reduce human suffering beyond our local settings, and contribute to making health care a universal human right.

Objective The virulence of COVID-19 has been particularly problematic in countries such as Spain. This led the government to decide that the population should be locked down at home to reduce the spread of the disease and avoid the collapse of the health system. Considering this, this study analyzed the changes in intimate relationships that occurred during lockdown in terms of dyadic adjustment, conflict, and quality of the relationship, as well as their relationship with anxiety symptoms. Method Cross-sectional questionnaire-based study with adults (N = 342) aged 20-67 years who lived in Spain. Each participant completed self-report measures of anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory state and trait subscales), dyadic adjustment (Dyadic Adjustment Scale), relationship conflict and quality, and sociodemographic variables. Results The results showed significant levels of state anxiety, which was associated with poorer dyadic adjustment and a decrease in the perceived quality of relationships since the start of lockdown. Increased partner conflict seems to be an important predictor of dyadic adjustment and relationship quality during social isolation. Conclusions This study suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the mental health of the population, especially women. This finding is closely associated with difficulties with one's cohabiting partner (e.g., worse dyadic adjustment), but the most determining factor seems to be the previous state of the relationship. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Introduction Previous studies have found that online booking systems may be the preferred scheduling tool when booking appointments with healthcare providers. The aim of this study was to examine I) if outpatients with cancer and relatives of cancer patients wanted to use an online booking system to book appointments for the CT examinations, and II) if they wanted to book specific radiographers for the CT examinations. Methods An online questionnaire was distributed to outpatients with cancer and relatives of cancer patients registered in the user panel of the Danish Cancer Society. The questionnaires consisted of 13 questions for patients and eight questions for relatives. The study applied statistical analysis and qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. Results In total, 555 patients out of 760 (73%) and 115 out of 341 (34%) relatives were included in the present study and 54% of the patients and 65% of the relatives responded that they wanted, “To a high degree” or “To some degree”, to use an online system for booking the appointment of the CT examination. Furthermore, 49% of the patients and 60% of the relatives found it important, “To a high degree” or “To some degree”, that the appointment of the CT examination also suited their relatives. Only 37% of the patients, in contrast to 56% of the relatives, were interested in the opportunity to book specific radiographers. Approximately half of the patients (48%) and relatives (58%) were interested in being scanned by the same radiographers. Conclusion In this study, a majority of patients and relatives were interested in using an online booking system to book their CT examinations. Furthermore, while a majority of the relatives were more interested in booking specific radiographers for the CT examinations, only a few patients were interested in this function. Implications for practice Using an online booking system to book the appointment could benefit the overall experience for cancer patients and relatives when attending a CT examination to ensure that the appointment also suits the relatives.

Expectations about the fact that companies should take a proactive interest in societal and environmental issues have significantly increased over the last decades across key business stakeholders. Thus, corporations have responded to this demand by developing a set of activities under the umbrella concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) action plans. However, the efficiency and impact of this wide array of practices has not yet been established in a conclusive way. The objective of this study is to develop a strategic framework that guides managers in making their decisions about which CSR activities have the most positive and business-building impact in corporate performance. To accomplish this end, this study has validated a measurement scale that, in turn, has been applied to 257 managers from companies operating across 10 different sectors of activity. Data has been analyzed through a structural equations model (SEM) and a partial least square (PLS) statistical approach. Additionally, we have conducted an extensive research of the latest meta-analyses on the topic to align conclusions. Results suggest that the most efficient CSR activities, improving corporate performance, fit into four strategic categories, namely: enhancement of relationships with stakeholders, generation of business opportunities, strengthening brand equity, and maximization of corporate media and communication strategies. Notably, the main results stress that brand equity, projected by CSR initiatives, has a positive influence in the strategic nature of CSR, which may drive company performance. Lastly, this research points out limitations and highlights potential areas of application of the findings.

BACKGROUND: National Consensus Project for quality palliative care guidelines emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive assessment of all care domains, including physical, psychosocial, and spiritual aspects of care, for seriously ill patients. However, less is known about how real-world practice compares with this guideline. OBJECTIVE: To describe clinicians' assessment practices and factors influencing their approach. DESIGN: This is a two-part web-based survey of palliative care clinicians from five academic groups in the United States. RESULTS: Nineteen out of 25 invited clinicians (physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants) completed the survey. A majority (62%) reported that, although some elements of assessment were mandatory, their usual practice was to tailor the focus of the consultation. Time limitations and workload received the highest mean scores as reasons for tailored assessment (6.1 on a 0–9 importance scale), followed by beliefs that comprehensive assessment is unnecessary (4.8) and absence of the full interdisciplinary team (4.4). All participants cited symptom acuity, and 91% cited reason for consult as factors influencing a tailored approach. Among domains “always” assessed, physical symptoms were reported most commonly (81%) and spiritual and cultural factors least commonly (24% and 19%, respectively). Although a majority of clinicians reported usually tailoring their consultations, mean importance scores for almost all assessment elements were high (range 3.9–8.8, mean 7.1); however, there was some variation based on reason for consult. Spiritual elements received lower importance scores relative to other elements (5.0 vs. 7.4 mean score for all others). CONCLUSION: Although clinicians placed high importance on most elements included in comprehensive palliative care, in practice they often tailored their consultations, and the perceived relative importance of domains shifted depending upon the type of consultation.

Multiracial children are the largest demographic group in the United States among individuals under the age of 18 (Pew Research Center, 2015), but their developmental processes are understudied. Parents and caregivers play an important role in preparing youth to navigate racialized society by teaching them to understand what it means to be a member of a racial-ethnic group (Hughes et al., 2006). However, this process is more complex in multiracial families, where youth belong to multiple racial-ethnic groups. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to develop and validate the first measure of racial-ethnic socialization for Multiracial youth, the Multiracial Youth Socialization (MY-Soc) Scale, to assess the unique messages that are communicated in multiracial families regarding topics of race, ethnicity, and culture. Using a sample of 901 Multiracial emerging adults (mage = 22.43), we separately captured the socialization practices of two of the youths' primary caregivers from the youths' perspective. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a 62-item scale measuring eight types of socialization: Navigating Multiple Heritages Socialization, Multiracial Identity Socialization, Preparation for Monoracism Socialization, Negative Socialization, Colorblind Socialization, Diversity Appreciation Socialization, Race-Conscious Socialization, and Silent Socialization. The MY-Soc Scale was also supported by validity and reliability tests. This study contributes an important tool for scholars and practitioners to learn which racial-ethnic socialization messages are promotive for Multiracial youth development in different contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Partnering with patients and community stakeholders to identify, design, undertake, and evaluate research is increasingly common. We describe our experience with creating and developing an ongoing Community Stakeholder Committee to guide lung health research for disease prevention and healthcare improvement. This committee is central to the integrated knowledge translation approach of Legacy for Airway Health, which is dedicated to preventing and improving care for lung diseases. Patient engagement in research (PEIR) aims to improve the relevance, quality, and implementation of research activities. Meaningful patient and community engagement in research remains challenging to implement. The committee was established in October 2019, just prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and quickly adapted from in-person to virtual engagement activities. This change led to an increased focus on relationship-building and mutual support alongside other research and training activities. We conducted a baseline evaluation survey after one year (October 2020) using a modified version of the Patient Engagement in Research Scale (PEIRS-22). While individual scores suggested varied levels of meaningful engagement within the committee, overall results indicated strong personal relationships and a sense of feeling valued and respected, as well as a desire for increased opportunities to contribute to research within the program. Overall, this experience offers lessons learned about the importance of spending time and effort to build relationships, particularly in a virtual context, and shows that meaningful engagement can be done even when personal contact is limited. These efforts are illustrated in successful grant applications, research involvement, and stronger personal relationships.

With the rapid development of social media, reliable information released by the public on social media can provide important decision-making support. Therefore, the consideration of the public as another decision-making body participating in large-scale group decision-making (LSGDM) problems has become an extensively researched topic. However, the participation of the public as a decision-making body with decision-making experts faces several issues, such as the acquisition of public opinion, the reliability of public opinion, the integration of public and expert opinions, etc. Given this, this paper proposes a public and large-scale expert information fusion method that considers public dynamic reliability via sentiment analysis and intuitionistic fuzzy number (IFN) expressions. First, sentiment analysis technology is used to process public social media data and obtain IFNs as the opinions of the public decision-making body. Second, the concept of public dynamic reliability is defined to measure the degree of integration of public opinion. Third, a novel information entropy measure of IFNs is proposed, and a new method is introduced to determine the criteria weights under the two different decision-making bodies. Finally, an optimization model that considers the consensus levels of expert subgroups is proposed to determine the weights of different decision-making bodies. The public and expert opinions are then aggregated to obtain collective decision-making information. A case study is proposed to illustrate the application of the proposed method, and the comparative analysis reveals the features and advantages of this model.

Positive response bias is common under the high demand conditions of personnel selection. This study investigated positive response bias on the California Psychological Inventory (CPI)-434 by police officer applicants as scored by the CPI-434-Police and Public Safety Report. Police officer applicants completed the CPI-434 under high and then again under low demand conditions. The high demand condition was represented by the CPI administration as part of the preemployment psychological evaluation. The low demand condition was represented by a CPI administration with no contingencies approximately 4 months later during the police academy. Demand effects were illustrated by comparing applicant scores (within-subject) under high versus low demand conditions on CPI-Police and Public Safety Report (CPI-PPSR) prediction equations and CPI scales. Significant demand effects were observed on 23 of 46 comparisons. Modest support for the construct validity of the Good Impression (Gi) scale and somewhat less for the Fake Good Index as measures of positive response bias were observed. Response bias potential impact on police officer performance predictions was discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Background Operating room (OR) nurses play an important role in preventing the pressure injuries (PIs) that may develop during the perioperative process. This study was conducted to determine OR nurses’ level of knowledge about PIs, and how they manage them. Methods This is a cross-sectional, quantitative and descriptive study. The sample of the study consisted of 234 OR nurses working in eight different public hospitals in Ankara. The questionnaire applied in this study was prepared in accordance with the guidelines. This questionnaire consisted of three sections: demographic profiling, common preventive practices, and the knowledge of OR nurses about intraoperative PI prevention. Findings 66.7% of the participants had received education about PIs during their basic nursing training, and 41.5% had received education after graduation. 97.4% of OR nurses did not follow international guidelines about PIs. The mean total score of the OR nurses for the questions about PIs was 52.0 ± 13.7 out of a possible score of 100. The lowest mean score was obtained for the topic of ‘staging pressure injuries', and the highest score was obtained from ‘interventions to prevent pressure injuries'. In addition, 81.5% of the OR nurses stated that they were not given information about patients with a high PI risk by clinical nurses. 97.9% of the OR nurses did not use a scale to assess intraoperative PI risks. Fewer than half of the nurses said that they assessed the risk of PIs during surgery. 90.8% the nurses did not record risk assessment and interventions to prevent PIs. Conclusion There is a need to incorporate basic operating room PI (ORPI) training into both the basic nursing and in-service training to improve the knowledge of OR nurses about how to prevent and manage ORPIs. In addition, measures to assess PI risk and prevent ORPI should be included in institutional policies and procedures.

Conceptualizing shareholder unrest as the aggregate scale and gravity of shareholder dissatisfaction with company practices, we examine the effects of two distinct types of shareholder unrest – wea...

Background The current classification for alopecia areata (AA) does not provide a consistent assessment of disease severity. Objective To develop an AA severity scale based on expert experience. Methods A modified Delphi process was utilized. An advisory group of 22 AA clinical experts from the United States was formed to develop this AA scale. Representatives from the pharmaceutical industry provided feedback during its development. Results Survey responses were used to draft severity criteria, aspiring to develop a simple scale that may be easily applied in clinical practice. A consensus vote was held to determine the final AA severity statement, with all AA experts agreeing to adopt the proposed scale. Limitations The scale is a static assessment intended to be used in clinical practice and not clinical trials. Conclusion The final AA disease severity scale, anchored in the extent of hair loss, captures key features commonly used by AA experts in clinical practice. This scale will better aid clinicians in appropriately assessing severity in patients with this common disease.

Background The number of individuals who are diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during adulthood has increased in recent years. However, there is still no decision aid (DA) to help adults newly diagnosed with ADHD make decisions regarding further treatments. Objective This study aimed to describe the development process of a DA for adults newly diagnosed with ADHD and its field testing during the shared decision-making (SDM) process in a clinical setting. Methods The development process involved the creation of a DA prototype using the International Patient Decision Aid Standards criteria and revision of the prototype through the stakeholders' reviews. The field testing of the DA compared scores before and after the SDM process on the service users' knowledge scale, decisional conflict scale and the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales. Results The developed DA contained options of watchful waiting with own coping skills and pharmacological treatment, which consisted of several kinds of drug options. Fifteen adults newly diagnosed with ADHD participated in the field testing. The participant decision-making quality outcomes such as their knowledge and decisional conflict improved after the SDM process. ADHD severity did not change. Conclusion A DA for adults with ADHD was systematically developed following the international criteria. Field testing indicated that the DA could serve as a tool to facilitate the SDM process. Further research on this DA is necessary before its routine implementation. Patient or public contribution During the development process of the DA, the service users who had already been diagnosed with ADHD reviewed the DA prototype and provided feedback, which improved the final version of the DA.

Context The Consensus on Therapeutic Exercise Training (CONTENT) scale assesses the therapeutic validity of exercise programs. To date, prehabilitation exercise programs for heath optimization before urologic cancer surgeries have not been assessed for therapeutic validity or efficacy. Objective To systematically assess prehabilitation exercise programs before urologic cancer surgery for therapeutic validity and efficacy, informing discussion of best practices for future intervention. Evidence acquisition A systematic review was performed using Ovid, Embase, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases through June 2020. The review included prospective (randomized controlled and uncontrolled) trials where patients were enrolled in prehabilitation exercise programs before urologic cancer surgery. The primary outcomes of interest included therapeutic validity and efficacy (measures of cardiorespiratory fitness and postsurgical outcomes). Studies were evaluated for the risk of bias. A narrative synthesis was carried out given heterogeneity in populations, interventions, and outcomes across studies. Evidence synthesis Ten unique studies and two associated post hoc analyses met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies demonstrated therapeutic validity. Eight demonstrated a high risk of bias. All demonstrated significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness. Four of five studies evaluating quality of life observed significant improvements. To date, zero trials have demonstrated reduction in postsurgical complications, mortality, length of stay, or readmission rates following prehabilitation exercise interventions. Conclusions While prehabilitation exercise may result in improved cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life, current studies have yet to demonstrate impact on surgical outcomes. When designing prehabilitation exercise programs for use before urologic cancer surgery, the therapeutic validity of the intervention should be considered. Future prehabilitation studies should employ standardized content rubrics to ensure therapeutic validity. Consensus is needed regarding the appropriate outcomes to adjudicate prehabilitation efficacy. Patient summary In this report, we looked at the effectiveness and quality of prehabilitation exercise programs before urologic cancer surgery. We found that these programs effectively improve presurgical fitness, but may benefit from the use of structured methodology and outcome assessment to understand their potential to improve surgical outcomes.

Background Involving patients and citizens in health care decision‐making is considered increasingly important in Germany. Participatory structures have been implemented, especially in rehabilitative care. However, it is unknown whether and to what extent German patients and citizens want to participate in decisions that exceed their own medical treatment. Objective This study aimed to survey participation preferences and associated factors of health service users in decisions regarding rehabilitative care at micro, meso and macro levels. Methods A questionnaire was sent to 3872 former rehabilitants. We collected participation preferences using the Control Preference Scale or an adapted form. Possible influencing factors were examined using logistic regression models. Results The response rate was 5.7% (n = 217). At all decision‐making levels, joint decision‐making was preferred. At the macro level, preferences for actively participating were the highest. Preferences were significantly interrelated between decision‐making levels. At the micro level, an orthopaedic indication significantly decreased the desire for participation compared to psychosomatic indications (odds ratio = 0.44, p = .019). Discussion Participants wanted to be equally involved in decision‐making as experts. Higher preferences for active participation at the macro level might be due to dissatisfaction with the current health care organisation and lack of trust in politicians. Compared to the general public, our study sample was older (73.3% between 50 and 69 years) and more often chronically ill—factors associated with increased participation preferences in the literature. Conclusion Contrary to the identified preferences, participation opportunities in the German health care system are rare. Further research on participation preferences and structures that enable meaningful involvement are needed.

In the Internet of Things (IoT), a huge amount of valuable data is generated by various IoT applications. As the IoT technologies become more complex, the attack methods are more diversified and can cause serious damages. Thus, establishing a secure IoT network based on user trust evaluation to defend against security threats and ensure the reliability of data source of collected data have become urgent issues, in this paper, a Data Fusion and transfer learning empowered granular Trust Evaluation mechanism (DFTE) is proposed to address the above challenges. Specifically, to meet the granularity demands of trust evaluation, time–space empowered fine/coarse grained trust evaluation models are built utilizing deep transfer learning algorithms based on data fusion. Moreover, to prevent privacy leakage and task sabotage, a dynamic reward and punishment mechanism is developed to encourage honest users by dynamically adjusting the scale of reward or punishment and accurately evaluating users’ trusts. The extensive experiments show that: (i) the proposed DFTE achieves high accuracy of trust evaluation under different granular demands through efficient data fusion; (ii) DFTE performs excellently in participation rate and data reliability.

This paper explores a limited trust propagation-based consensus model considering individual attitude for preference modification in a social networked setting with uncertain preference information. To examine the construction of complete linkages, and the status of decision makers in group decision making, it is assumed that the group size and network density will affect the scale of mediators in the propagation process, then a definition of limited trust propagation is proposed and the propagation efficiency can be introduced. On this basis, we obtain missing trust relationships and individual centrality in network. In the process of consensus reaching, both the decision maker’s original preference and recommendation advice are considered for flexibly modeling the preference modification process: the individual attitude toward modification is determined by a newly introduced measure of comprehensive relative out-degree centrality, showing the degree of willingness to adjust assessments. When the willingness is too low to reach the preset consensus level, a multi-objective programming model is designed to improve the consensus as much as possible. Moreover, the proposed feedback mechanism narrows the individual acceptable modification range based on the previous adjustment rule, so as to simulate the personalized and targeted decision behavior. To guarantee obtaining a collective aggregated preference in a logical and precise manner, a two-stage optimization model composing of comprehensive relative in-degree centrality-based information aggregation and best consistency-based uncertainty elimination, is proposed. A numerical example and comparative analyses are performed to show the validity and feasibility of the proposed model.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) for the general Spanish population. Method: A cross-sectional investigation was carried out in several stages. Participants (N = 699) between the ages of 18 and 73 (M = 27.79; SD = 12.68) completed both the FCV-19S and the Hospital, Anxiety, and Depression Scale (HADS). We performed descriptive, exploratory factorial (n = 349), confirmatory (n = 350), and scale reliability analyses. Results: The results confirmed the factor structure of the original scale as well as the scale's goodness-of-fit indices and good internal consistency (α = .91, ω = .98). The correlations between the Spanish FCV-19S and the HADS support the scale's validity, especially for the subdimension of anxiety. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the FCV-19S appears to be a valid measure for the assessment of fear in an adult population. The present study moves research forward by providing a confirmatory analysis of the gender variable's influence on the factor analysis. The FCV-19S-Spanish provides a valid brief measure to evaluate fear of being infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The results also revealed that fear was higher among women than among men, which is important as it suggests that more attention needs to be paid to assessing and treating women's fear. Assessing and treating fear represents an important step for the prevention of future mental health problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Production of value-added foods is of growing interest to small-scale produce growers. However, previous studies reported that they lack sufficient food safety awareness and have limited knowledge of applicable food safety regulations. Targeted food safety education can help to address these challenges. This study used focus groups and a combination of web-based and printed surveys to evaluate growers' attitudes toward and knowledge of value-added business and to assess their food safety education needs. A total of 136 Indiana produce growers participated in the study, including 38 focus group participants and 98 survey participants. Overall, growers were aware of the importance of food safety, with 78% of the survey participants agreeing strongly that food safety was a top priority in value-added businesses. Most survey participants (82%) self-reported being knowledgeable about food safety. Most were confident in their ability to run a successful value-added business. The top two barriers that hindered growers from learning about food safety were time limitations and an overwhelming amount of information. Growers preferred to receive additional educational materials on selling non-home-based vendor products, communication strategies with regulators and inspectors, and marketing strategies; they trusted the information from extension educators and university extension publications the most. This study guides the development of future food safety education programs for small-scale growers who are interested in establishing a value-added business.

Despite some recent advances, women face more difficulties in accessing management positions. Previous research analyzed several types of barriers contributing to the maintenance of the glass ceiling, including factors such as gender stereotypes, difficulties in work–family balance, human resource policies, difficulties in accessing networks, organizational culture, and higher demands for women to demonstrate their value. The perception of the gender barriers can be different or may have a different value depending on the characteristics of specific organizations, teams, jobs, and employees. In this study, we develop the scale “TOP WOMAN” (Testing the Obstacles to Promotion of WOmen to MANagement) to measure barriers to women's promotion. The TOP WOMAN scale was carried out in a large sample from the financial sector in Spain (n = 1304 workers). The scale, composed of 33 items, identified seven dimensions: differential performance appraisal, gender stereotypes, work–family balance, motivational barriers, unfair human resource practices, organizational culture barriers, and barriers to accessing influential networks. The TOP WOMAN scale offers a practical tool to human resource managers to analyze the situation of gender discrimination and to implement best practices in their own organization.

Motivation: The question of what combination of attributes drives the adoption of a particular software technology is critical to developers. It determines both those technologies that receive wide support from the community and those which may be abandoned, thus rendering developers' investments worthless. Aim and Context: We model software technology adoption by developers and provide insights on specific technology attributes that are associated with better visibility among alternative technologies. Thus, our findings have practical value for developers seeking to increase the adoption rate of their products. Approach: We leverage social contagion theory and statistical modeling to identify, define, and test empirically measures that are likely to affect software adoption. More specifically, we leverage a large collection of open source repositories to construct a software dependency chain for a specific set of R language source-code files. We formulate logistic regression models, where developers' software library choices are modeled, to investigate the combination of technological attributes that drive adoption among competing data frame (a core concept for a data science languages) implementations in the R language: tidy and data.table. To describe each technology, we quantify key project attributes that might affect adoption (e.g., response times to raised issues, overall deployments, number of open defects, knowledge base) and also characteristics of developers making the selection (performance needs, scale, and their social network). Results: We find that a quick response to raised issues, a larger number of overall deployments, and a larger number of high-score StackExchange questions are associated with higher adoption. Decision makers tend to adopt the technology that is closer to them in the technical dependency network and in author collaborations networks while meeting their performance needs. To gauge the generalizability of the proposed methodology, we investigate the spread of two popular web JavaScript frameworks Angular and React, and discuss the results. Future work: We hope that our methodology encompassing social contagion that captures both rational and irrational preferences and the elucidation of key measures from large collections of version control data provides a general path toward increasing visibility, driving better informed decisions, and producing more sustainable and widely adopted software.

Aim This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Pressure Injury Prevention Knowledge Questionnaire (PIPK). Method A methodological study design was used. The instrument was translated into Turkish and back-translated into English. After evaluating the language equivalence and content validity of the scale, test-retest reliability, internal consistency and construct validity were examined. The research was conducted with a total of 324 nurses working in a state hospital and two private hospitals who volunteered to participate in the research. Number, percentage distributions, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Kappa coefficient test, Man Whitney U test and Rasch analysis were used to evaluate the data. Results Content validity was evaluated by 11 experts in wound care and the CVI(content validity index was found 0.90. The correlation coefficient between the groups was found to be ICC 0.979 in the Kappa coefficient test performed for the reliability analysis. When the in- and out-of-fit difficulty index values of the scale were examined, it was found that the averages of these values varied between “0.72” and “1.38” values. Conclusions The Pressure Injury Prevention Knowledge Questionnaire (PIPK) was found to be a valid and reliable tool for intercultural studies revealing the nursing knowledge of prevention on PIs. It is recommended to conduct studies that test the validity and reliability of the scale in different samples.

Background Examine the association of household financial indebtedness with depressive symptoms in old age, and investigate whether social network and support anticipation moderate the association. Methods Data were obtained from Sample Survey on Vulnerable Populations from Poor Families in Urban/Rural China (2018), with a sample of 5 934 older adults included. Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scales was applied to measure depressive symptoms. Household indebtedness was measured in several ways, including whether the household was indebted, the amount of debts, and types of debts. We used the 6-item Lubben Social Network Scale to measure individual's social network. Socio-demographic, socioeconomic status and physical health variables were included as covariates. Results Household indebtedness, in form of being indebted and increased amount of debts, was associated with greater depressive symptoms in the Chinese elderly. The association of indebtedness and depressive symptoms may be driven by consumption and emergency debts. The moderating roles of social network and anticipation of support in the association of household indebtedness and depressive symptoms were found. Among those with household debts, older adults with larger size of social network and/or higher anticipation of being supported in the future reported with less symptoms of depressed. Limitations Due to a lack of information on the duration and debtor of household debt, we were not able to present a precise estimate for the exact impact of household indebtedness on mental health of elderly. Conclusion Familial financial strain was associated with aging mental well-being, increased social networks and social protections benefit aging health.

Driving Forces Traditional specialty consults are resource intensive and may be delayed or omitted if the treating physician does not recognize the need for specialty advice. Targeted automatic e-consults (TACos) address these limitations by prospectively identifying patients using the electronic health record (EHR) and presenting pertinent information on a dashboard, enabling consultants to provide a virtual consult with written recommendations. The TACo model may improve value by facilitating more expert input without a proportional increase in cost. Building a TACo Through our experience developing a TACo program, we have identified four key steps. First, identify appropriate conditions that have support from the health system and from frontline clinicians. Second, design the digital infrastructure, including lists and dashboards. Third, create a funding plan to support the consultant's time, either through internal grants, external grants, e-consult billing codes, or some combination of the three. Fourth, pilot on a select number of services, iterate, and scale. Challenges Funding for TACos has been a major barrier to adoption. Fortunately, new e-consult billing codes may make it possible to recoup as least part of the program's cost. Technological hurdles also exist, particularly in building real-time lists within the EHR to prospectively identify patients based on complex criteria. Next Steps We look for this model to gain popularity as evidence of clinical and operational benefit mounts. We anticipate reimbursement policies may be updated to support this type of consult. Finally, we expect machine learning to play a role in identifying patients and providing recommendations in the future.

This study addresses a healthcare facility location/network design problem considering equity and accessibility. Locating the healthcare facilities, planning the capacity of healthcare facilities, and designing the transfer network are the primary goals of the given problem. The presented model aims to minimize system costs, maximize accessibility, and minimize inequality among all demand nodes. A real-world case study is presented to elucidate the performance and applicability of the proposed model. Moreover, a fix-and-optimize (FO) approach is proposed for tackling the problem on a large scale. The obtained results from experiments on several test problems indicate the efficiency of the developed FO.