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The study aimed at examining the role of critical thinking in ego identity statuses (identity achievement, identity moratorium, identity foreclosure and identity diffusion) among adolescents. Three hypotheses were formulated for empirical verification. These are: Identity achieved adolescents would be high on critical thinking as compared to diffusions, foreclosures and moratoriums; Moratorium adolescents would be high on critical thinking as compared to diffusions and foreclosures; Foreclosure adolescents would be high on critical thinking as compared to diffusions. The study was conducted on 100 adolescents (their age ranges between 17-21). The research methods include Extended Objective Measure of Ego-Identity Status - R (Bennion & Adams, 1986) and Watson-Glaser Critical thinking Appraisal - R (Watson & Glaser, 1994). Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance. The result findings showed that foreclosures were found to be high on critical thinking as compared to diffusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most survival studies in NIDDM, microalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion rate 20-200 microg/min) predicts early mortality; in cross-sectional studies, it is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity. It is unclear, however, whether microalbuminuria is a risk factor for the development of CHD or the result of it, and little is known of the factors that predispose to the development of microalbuminuria in NIDDM. We examined these issues in a 7-year prospective study of a hospital-based cohort comprising 146 white NIDDM patients without clinical albuminuria. Microalbuminuria was a significant risk factor for both all-cause mortality (relative risk 3.94, 95% CI 2.04-7.62) and CHD mortality (relative risk 7.40, 95% CI 2.94-18.7) when adjusted for age only. Its independent predictive power did not persist, however, in age-adjusted multivariable survival analysis that allowed for the other significant risk factors: male sex, preexisting CHD, high levels of glycated hemoglobin, and high serum cholesterol. Among men free of CHD at baseline, the independent risk factors for CHD morbidity and mortality were microalbuminuria, current smoking, high diastolic blood pressure, and high serum cholesterol (all P < 0.05). For the 100 NIDDM patients with normoalbuminuria at baseline, the incidence of microalbuminuria was 29% over the 7-year period. In that group, fasting plasma glucose, current smoking, preexisting CHD, and high initial urinary albumin excretion rate were risk factors for the development of microalbuminuria (all P < 0.05). When men and women were analyzed separately, preexisting CHD was a significant risk factor in men only. These results demonstrate that microalbuminuria predicts incident clinical CHD in men with NIDDM. Preexisting CHD is also a risk factor for incident microalbuminuria in men, however, suggesting that microalbuminuria and CHD are not causally related but rather reflect common determinants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study revealed application of TaqMan real time PCR technique for diagnosis of rabies viral RNA from 11/20 antemortem skin samples with a sensitivity of 92.85%. The successful use of TaqMan real time PCR concluded that it was a viable, alternative tool for the antemortem diagnosis of rabies. Results correlated well with those of the post-mortem fluorescent antibody test performed on brain specimens of same animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Outward spread of rabies virus from the CNS leads to infection of almost all organs and have been reported in various secretions and excretions viz. saliva, urine, CSF, tears (corneal smear). Although transmission of rabies virus from consuming unpasteurized milk from an infected animal is theoretically possible, no human or animal has ever been reported to develop rabies via this route. Neither there had been any practical proof of making claim about shedding of rabies virus in milk. This work aimed to identify the presence of rabies virus in unpasteurized raw milk from naturally-infected animals that were confirmed positive for rabies by FAT on brain tissue. Method: Out of total 25 animals showing clinical signs of rabies, milk sample was obtained from 17 lactating animals. Brief history was recorded and an attempt was made by employing advanced molecular approach TaqMan real time PCR on milk samples with an aim to detect the presence of rabies viral RNA. Confirmatory diagnosis of rabies was made by applying immunofluorescence techniques on brain tissue after death of an animal. Results: The present finding depicts the presence of rabies viral RNA in 4/17(23.52%) milk sample with a sensitivity of 60% when compared with FAT applied on brain tissue. Conclusion: A complete perusal of literature revealed that there had not been a single reported study to detect the presence of rabies viral RNA in milk samples. Although with this study it is now proved practically that rabies viral RNA can be found in milk samples from lactating animals however the infectivity of unpasteurized raw milk needs to be evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rabies is an enzootic, fatal disease and early detection of this disease is necessary. Till now a reliable diagnosis is possible only after death of animal. Objectives: So the present study was undertaken to use the molecular approaches like nested RTPCR and SYBR Green real time PCR for early diagnosis of rabies in suspected animals using less invasive non neural tissues like skin biopsy and hair follicles. Method: 12 cases of rabies suspected live animals were presented to the Veterinary Clinics, GADVASU, Ludhiana, India. Results: The sensitivity of nested RT-PCR for hair follicles and skin samples was 50% and 57.1% respectively. A sensitivity of 62.5% and 71.4% was observed with real time PCR in hair follicles and skin samples. Conclusion: We suggest that non-invasive molecular approaches may be used for the early and accurate diagnosis of rabies in animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the comparative sensitivity of nested RT-PCR and TaqMan real time PCR for intravitam diagnosis of rabies from biological fluid samples. In the study conducted by the authors, they collected samples from 25 rabies suspected animals that were subjected to the nested RT-PCR assay and TaqMan real tome assay. They found that body secretion like saliva and milk as well as excretion like urine can be viable, alternative tool in ante mortem diagnosis of rabies.