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The paper starts with signs that Cooper and I found in the Old City of Jerusalem. It describes how the term Linguistic Landscape was applied to the recollections of francophone high school students of the signs they had seen. It traces the many collections of photos employing digital cameras and cell-phones, and research that was derived from these collections, including published papers and books, a journal, and an annual workshop. The paper regrets the rarity of details of authorship (but reports who was responsible for the Jerusalem street signs), and the tendency to interpret signs without detailing authorship. Signs provide evidence of the state of literacy, but ignore the sociolinguistic make-up of the local community, missing that for earlier scholars "linguistic landscape" meant speech as well as writing. It regrets the paucity of efforts to provide a theory of public signage, arguing that this could be derived from the field of Semiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Islamic Civilization Studies / İslam Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi (IMAD) is the property of Islam Medeniyeti Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"Induction provides a path to first principles" (Aristotle): so we approach our topic by sampling three distinct sorts of data--rules in actions as exemplified in games; rules as directives for manufacture; as laws not only for maintaining order among people but also relations between citizens and governments--finding in each case the parts that nonverbal expressions of rules play. While words are essential to formulating constitutive rules defining sporting games, they seem less important than emulation for recreational uses. They drop out in children's games of make-believe, which developmental psychology shows to be crucial to early development, since ours is a naturally rule making and following species. Industrial artifacts, thereby the modern world, depend on graphic systems, here exemplified by origami notation, which feature isolation and sequence in simultaneity, lacked by words. Such notations also exhibit a five-order pattern of intentionality, whose importance is demonstrated by communication breakdowns in road signage, undermining civic life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article brings together and analyzes two toponyms: Brazzaville Street in Holon, Israel, and Quay of Brazza in Bordeaux, France. In the light of historical and contemporary developments at different points of time, geographies and socio-political contexts, the crisscrossing between both Brazza-related toponyms is useful in promoting a critical and more nuanced interpretation of space and nomenclature. In exploring the varied flows of power, ambiguities and tensions behind the two place names, and in bringing the Congo to the fore, the article also relates to geographies beyond Europe. This aspect of spatial intertwining contributes to the de-Eurocentrization of recent place names studies, which tend to be focused on Europe/the West and on nationalistic aspects. In addition, a variety of primary and secondary materials is employed, including visual and archival sources, and fieldwork. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project looks at the intersection between gunshot damage to road signs and the use of geographic information systems (GIS) for forensic intelligence. The project has surveyed several distinct regions in Victoria Australia (residential, semi-rural and rural) in order to establish the level and distribution of gunshot damage to signs. The study assesses the correlation between population densities, land use and road type and the types of gunshot damage associated with road signs. The study includes a temporal aspect with the aid of backdated GIS image data and assessment is made on the potential benefits for crime scene information gathering. Further, a software tool has been established that enables photographic analysis of the gunshot impact points to be used to help determine the scale of damage associated with the signs in order to help establish the types of weapons used. This information is presented in the context of the typical registered guns in the community to correlate the key types of weapons used in this type of activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the relevance of the algorithmic governance of smart mobility, only limited research has been conducted on this topic. Using and replicating data from AUVSI, Capgemini Research Institute, Ipsos, McKinsey & Co., Perkins Coie, Pew Research Center, and Statista, we performed analyses and made estimates regarding the biggest obstacle to the growth of autonomous vehicles in the next five years (safety concerns/price of investment/cybersecurity or data privacy concerns/consumer readiness to adopt/lack of a regulatory framework/infrastructure issues/creating and implementing digital city mapping platforms with easy-to-update features) and city infrastructure requirements that need immediate attention so that autonomous vehicle technology testing/implementation can be facilitated further (upgrade highways and thoroughfares with smart technology for road signs, traffic lights, and merge lanes/ensure lane markings on city streets are visible and consistent/optimize intersections and streetscapes/upgrade pedestrian accommodations/upgrade parking areas). The results of a study based on data collected from 4,800 respondents provide support for our research model. Using the structural equation modeling and employing the probability sampling technique, we gathered and analyzed data through a self-administrated questionnaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Onomastica is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Language Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper analyses traffic organisation at non-signalised intersections. In such locations, the use of correct road signs is crucial. Traffic engineers should consider a balance between traffic fluency and safety. Sometimes, limited visibility necessitates the use of a 'stop' sign. The paper includes case studies for selected intersections in the Silesia Province, Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

References Flynn, Elizabeth A., & Allen, Ira J. (2020). This special issue of Across the Disciplines features the theme of Unsettling Archival Research Across the Disciplines and is composed of two parts. Here, Fukushima contends, as have Flynn and Allen, that there are different kinds of witnessing. [Extracted from the article]

The paper discusses directions in the Latinization of Moscow street signs as an approach to facilitating urban navigation in a multicultural environment. Existing transliteration standards are critically reviewed and compared in the aims of identifying the most suitable Latinization approaches to meet the requirements of the modern city.

This article offers an efficient algorithm for preprocessing digital images for further detection of traffic signs in real time. The article considers the possibility of using the HSV color space, HSL for red color extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes post-Soviet changes in the language of street signs, such as the names of stores, restaurants and cafeterias in contemporary Russia. Special attention is paid to pragmatic and sociolinguistic aspects of commercial signage. The article illustrates how varied and expressive the language of city signage is, reflecting social and economic changes in present-day Russia. The study is based on an analysis of more than 2000 street signs in the cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Saratov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics is the property of Universidade de Vigo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In The Practice of Everyday Life (1980), Michel de Certeau suggests the idea of a city in which there are, on one side, strategies of information, surveillance, control and infrastructure design laid out by the system and, on the other one, tactics defining the how-to-do of the users with regards to that system, that is, the operations by which they adapt them to align their own interests and needs. The texts allows us to examine the interventions of urban artists as a tactic characterized, as defined by De Certeau, as the harnessing of the system's resources (making do). This is more specifically translated into adaptability, development on a space they do not own, identification and utilization of the occasion (time) and the inventiveness of diverting time and resources (shortcut and la perruque). In this work, we will take traffic signs of restriction and prohibition as one of the urban components that highlight the normativization of public spaces through the direct message of "NO" (not doing). Many artists have, in previous years, developed an interest in the artistic and symbolic possibilities of these signs and have developed works (tactics) as their response to them. Dan Witz (Chicago, 1957), Clet (Bretagne, 1966), Brad Dowey (Louisville, 1980) or DosJotas (Madrid, 1982) are good examples of this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]