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How do political parties share power internally? We study the internal organization of political parties as the solution of a moral hazard problem between a party conference and its factions. Factions' mobilization efforts benefit the party electorally, but can only be imperfectly monitored. In contrast with the logic of Michel's Iron Law, we provide a functionalist rationale for intraparty power sharing: We show that internal power sharing can enhance a party's electoral performance. This effect is stronger in settings that award more resources to election winners: Low interparty power sharing produces high intraparty power sharing. We also show that intraparty power sharing should be more frequent within smaller parties, when monitoring of factional effort is more precise (e.g., preferential voting systems), and when factions' ideological disagreements span multiple dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prosocial behaviour is a hallmark of social and emotional competence during childhood. Thus, promoting the development of children's prosocial behaviour can have important downstream benefits for individuals and society. Previous studies indicated that there is a positive effect of negative moral emotions on prosocial behaviour, but the influence of positive moral emotions on prosocial behaviour remains largely unknown. This study adopted three experiments to investigate the influence of positive moral emotions on three aspects of prosocial behaviour in 3–5‐year‐old children. After inducing positive moral emotions in children, they were observed either in helping (Experiment 1, N = 151, 75 boys), sharing (Experiment 2, N = 141, 69 boys) or comforting (Experiment 3, N = 132, 66 boys) scenarios. Results showed that: (1) children's helping, sharing and comforting behaviours in the moral emotions (experimental) group were significantly higher than those in the control group, suggesting that positive moral emotions could positively influence the examined prosocial behaviours; (2) there were age differences in children's helping, sharing and comforting, but the effect of positive moral emotions on the examined prosocial behaviours did not differ by age and gender. These findings point to the need for fostering positive moral emotions in early cultivation of children's prosocial behaviour during pre‐schooler education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current distributed environment, reversible data hiding in encrypted domain (RDH-ED) cannot grant corresponding privileges according to users' identity classes. To address this issue, this paper proposes a hierarchical authorization structure embedding scheme based on secret image sharing (SIS) and users' hierarchical identities. In the first embedding, the polynomial coefficient redundancy generated in the encryption process of the SIS is utilized by the image owner. For the second, the participants are categorized into two parts. One is core users with adaptive difference reservation embedding, and the other is ordinary users with pixel bit replacement embedding. At the time of reconstruction, more than one core user must provide pixel differences, which grants more privileges to core users. The experimental results demonstrate that the average embedding rate (ER) of the test images is 4.3333 bits per pixel (bpp) in the (3, 4) threshold scheme. Additionally, the reconstructed image achieves a PSNR of +∞ and an SSIM of 1. Compared to existing high-performance RDH-ED schemes based on secret sharing, the proposed scheme with a larger ER maintains strong security and reversibility. Moreover, it is also suitable for multiple embeddings involving multilevel participant identities. In conclusion, the results underscore the efficacy of our technique in achieving both security and performance objectives within a complex distributed setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In common threshold secret image sharing (t, n) schemes, each of n shareholders has a share of secret image S. By having at least t shares, the dealer D will be able to retrieve the secret. In such traditional schemes, it is not possible to change the threshold value. However, the security policy of the secret recovery phase may change, and the number of shareholders present at the phase of secret recovery may need to change. In such cases, a secret sharing scheme with changeable threshold can be applied. In this paper, we introduce the first changeable threshold secret image sharing scheme based on Learning With Error problem. It employs Bloom Filter to provide non-interactive verification of participants' shares. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBy age five, children take into account a potential recipient’s characteristics when they make decisions about sharing. We tested the impact of a social robot’s positive and negative behavior on children’s sharing with the robot. Participants were 159 5-year-old children who were assigned to watch a video of the social robot showing positive behavior, a video showing negative behavior, or no video. Children’s sharing behavior was assessed in the Dictator Game paradigm, in which the children were the proposers and the social robot was the recipient. The results showed that children in the negative group shared significantly fewer stickers than those in the positive group and in the control group. The present research found that children paid attention to the behavioral valence of the social robot and made their own sharing decisions when they faced a social robot, which was a non-human entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban last-mile express delivery in China encounters several challenges. This paper presents the establishment of a sharing logistics center aimed at enhancing the overall efficiency of urban last-mile express delivery while optimizing the utilization of essential resources. The successful implementation of shared delivery within sharing logistics center necessitates the creation of a robust collaborative mechanism. Recognizing that cooperative benefit allocation is dynamically influenced by factors such as resource input, operational efficiency, risk management, and other cost-related considerations, this study introduces a multi-weight H-Shapley value method for benefit allocation. By conducting empirical analyses of urban last-mile express delivery in Beijing within a sharing logistics service framework, our findings reveal that the revised benefit allocation model better aligns with the interests of participating entities and positively correlates with their contributions. Analyzing the impact of delivery volume and express operational costs changes, it is found that when the delivery volume and express operational costs of the sharing logistics center change, the benefits of participating enterprises move in the same direction. The benefit allocation model established in this study enriches the existing body of research in the field of shared delivery and offers valuable insights for benefit allocation issues that necessitate consideration of the dynamic effects of multiple parameter variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Ill Feelings (2021), Alice Hattrick shares their experience and history of ME/CFS, a chronic illness that not only dictates their own life but also their mother’s. Drawing on their own diary entries, medical documents, and literary and artistic material, Hattrick blends the voices of women whose illnesses cannot be cured in a standardized medical fashion, because their origins remain unknown. Hattrick’s narrative echoes the reactions of disbelief individuals dealing with Long COVID and other forms of post-viral fatigue have experienced. It is a defiant account of illness that resists the gendered nature of medical diagnosis and seeks to undo the structures that continue to question and condemn women patients to a life in hiding. In this article, I explore the ways in which Hattrick re-establishes truth to the illness narratives of women. Building on knowledge that has shaped the medical humanities, I argue that Hattrick redefines what doctors have termed their hysterical language, one they share with their mother, to create a network of support for women that encourages them to speak their language of ill feelings, find understanding, and thereby oppose institutional medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier estimations are often needed in clinical research and this requires access to individual patient data (IPD). However, IPD cannot always be shared because of privacy or proprietary restrictions, which complicates the making of such estimations. We propose a method that generates pseudodata replacing the IPD by only sharing non‐disclosive aggregates such as IPD marginal moments and a correlation matrix. Such aggregates are collected by a central computer and input as parameters to a Gaussian copula (GC) that generates the pseudodata. Survival inferences are computed on the pseudodata as if it were the IPD. Using practical examples we demonstrate the utility of the method, via the amount of IPD inferential content recoverable by the GC. We compare GC to a summary‐based meta‐analysis and an IPD bootstrap distributed across several centers. Other pseudodata approaches are also considered. In the empirical results, GC approximates the utility of the IPD bootstrap although it might yield more conservative inferences and it might have limitations in subgroup analyses. Overall, GC avoids many legal problems related to IPD privacy or property while enabling approximation of common IPD survival analyses otherwise difficult to conduct. Sharing more IPD aggregates than is currently practiced could facilitate “second purpose”‐research and relax concerns regarding IPD access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient storage and sharing of massive biomedical data would open up their wide accessibility to different institutions and disciplines. However, compressors tailored for natural photos/videos are rapidly limited for biomedical data, while emerging deep learning-based methods demand huge training data and are difficult to generalize. Here, we propose to conduct Biomedical data compRession with Implicit nEural Function (BRIEF) by representing the target data with compact neural networks, which are data specific and thus have no generalization issues. Benefiting from the strong representation capability of implicit neural function, BRIEF achieves 2-3 orders of magnitude compression on diverse biomedical data at significantly higher fidelity than existing techniques. Besides, BRIEF is of consistent performance across the whole data volume, and supports customized spatially varying fidelity. BRIEF's multifold advantageous features also serve reliable downstream tasks at low bandwidth. Our approach will facilitate low-bandwidth data sharing and promote collaboration and progress in the biomedical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Promoting enterprises' digital transformation is fundamental to implementing the digital China strategy and realizing high-quality development. Methods: Taking China's A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2021 as a research sample, this study examines the impact of sharing auditors with customers on the digital transformation of suppliers. Results: The results show that sharing auditors with customers can promote suppliers' digital transformation, and this promotion effect is stronger among suppliers with weaker bargaining power, lower media attention, and higher auditor industry expertise. In terms of the mechanism of action, sharing auditors with customers can help strengthen the supplier's supervision, alleviate suppliers' financing constraints, and thus facilitate their digital transformation. Further research finds that when suppliers share auditors with their customers, suppliers' digital transformation helps promote innovation. Discussion: The research conclusion provides effective empirical evidence for alleviating the dilemma of digital transformation of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal growth and self‐expressive goals have become increasingly important in modern marriages. In dual‐earner couples, sharing work‐related experiences with the partner can be particularly important in promoting mutual support for each other's personal growth. The current study examined dual‐earner couples' sharing of work‐related experiences and how it influenced both partners' relationship satisfaction and personal well‐being. A total of 102 heterosexual dual‐earner couples were recruited from communities in Hong Kong. They completed a pretest survey, a 14‐day daily diary study, and a follow‐up survey 1 year later. The Actor‐Partner Interdependence Model was adopted to analyze the dyadic effects of sharing positive and negative work‐related experiences on relationship satisfaction and personal well‐being on the same day and 1 year later. In general, the sharing of both positive and negative work‐related experiences had beneficial effects on the outcomes. Specifically, wives' sharing had more immediate effects on both partners' relational and personal well‐being, whereas husbands' sharing had more long‐term effects on the partner's personal well‐being. The findings highlight the importance of work‐related sharing in dual‐earner couples. Practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The educational relationship is a process of transformation of the learner and of harmonious development of is/her skills, without denying those of the educator. This relationship can resituate its characteristics and functions in an in-between perspective, where the sharing of knowledge between the educator and the learner allows a sharing of space between them, supported by communication. This makes it possible to consider in a different way the problem of the role of the educational actors in the educational relationship. This article proposes a reflection on the relevance of rivileging a pedagogy of the in-between by operating a synthesis between the notions of education and in-between. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many assume that if citizens were more inclined to moralize the values of evidence-based and logical thinking, they would be less likely to share politically hostile, conspiratorial, and false claims on social media. In contrast, on the basis of theories of status seeking and persuasion, we argue that moralization of rationality may actually stimulate the spread of hostile partisan news online, including fabricated claims. Across three large surveys (N = 4800) run on U.S. respondents (one exploratory and two pre-registered), we provide empirical evidence for this prediction and demonstrate that the moralization of rationality can be a form of moral grandstanding by status seekers inclined to spread hostile (mis)information to reach partisan goals. In contrast to such grandstanding with respect to rationality, our studies find robust evidence that intellectual humility – that is, the awareness that intuitions are fallible and that trusting others is often desirable – may protect people from both sharing and believing hostile and false political news online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People seem willing to censor disagreeable political and moral ideas. Five studies explore why people engage in political censorship and test a potential route to decreasing censorship. While Americans report being generally supportive of free speech and against censorship (Study 1), we find that people censor material that seems harmful and false (Study 2), which are often ideas from political opponents (Study 3). Building on work demonstrating the perceived truth of harmful experiences (i.e., experiences of victimization), we test an experience‐sharing intervention to reduce censorship. Among college students, the intervention indirectly decreased students' willingness to censor controversial campus speakers' ideas, through reducing beliefs that these speakers were sharing harmful and false ideas related to gun policy (Study 4). We also find benefits of sharing harmful experiences related to the abortion debate. Americans were less willing to censor and report the social media posts of opponents who base their views on experiences of victimization rather than scientific findings (Study 5). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the uniqueness and value sharing of meromorphic function concerning differential polynomials and obtained some results. These results improve the results obtained earlier by H. Huang and B. Huang [5]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a compilation work of student's stories shared during the celebration of the 40th years of Oxford Centre for Mission Studies, UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secret sharing is a tool to divide a secret into multiple shares, so that to reconstruct the secret, it is necessary to collect several shares under certain conditions. Secret sharing was first introduced by Adi Shamir, the scheme is based on polynomials. The secret is represented as a constant value polynomial, and the points on the polynomial graph serve as shares. Secret reconstruction is performed through Lagrange interpolation at a minimum of k out of n points, known as a threshold scheme (k, n). In 2010, Zhang Y. designed a secret sharing scheme through skew polynomials. Involving the role of the automorphism σ in the skew polynomial ring increase the complexity in share distribution and secret reconstruction. In 2012, Zhang Z. designed a secret sharing scheme with a threshold that can change according to the participants present during the reconstruction process, known as Threshold Changeable Secret Sharing (TCSS). This aims to prevent external parties from pretending to be valid participants in order to learn the secret. In this research, a TCSS scheme will be designed using skew polynomials. The aim is to make the TCSS scheme’s calculations more complex, making it harder for adversaries to access the secret. 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of Open Educational Resources (OER) for training in public administration has yet to see a wide adoption globally, mostly due to challenges related to the discovery and reuse of high-quality OER for training purposes. These challenges, combined with the general lack of openness in the public sector, have greatly impacted the penetration of OER in public administration. This paper presents a case study on the use of OER for expanding and enhancing curricular and resource sharing in public administration in Greece. Within this case study, an OER authoring and sharing platform was introduced to the Greek public sector, employing crowdsourcing methods for supporting trainers and trainees in authoring, sharing, reusing and remixing OER. The paper presents the deployment of this platform and the use of OER in the context of training programmes in the Greek public sector and reports on the lessons learned and the impact on public administration. The results of the case study showed that the use of OER was very positively received by civil servants, with a remarkable response, through active participation and engagement that led to the enhancement of existing OER and the co-creation of new ones for public administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research suggests that mystery products can be appealing to consumers and can motivate interest and purchase. In this paper, we examine a different benefit of these offerings—their effect on driving conversation. We propose that such products can prompt a conversation due to their ability to motivate joint speculation, or the process of thinking about possible resolutions of the uncertainty with others. We define this novel driver of conversation, delineate it from related constructs, and situate it in the literature. We then provide initial evidence for the proposed theory in seven studies (n = 2835), demonstrating that mystery products increase the desire for conversation (Studies 1, 3–4, Supplemental Studies A–C) and generate joint speculation (Studies 2–4, Supplemental Study B–C). We also rule out alternative explanations (such as information acquisition and savouring, Study 3; novelty, Supplemental Study B). These effects, however, are attenuated for closed‐minded consumers (Study 4), who are less open to considering multiple perspectives and thereby less interested in joint speculation. We conclude with directions for future research and implications for marketers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is involved in acting together with others? Most shared agency theorists endorse the Shared Intention Thesis, i.e., the claim that shared agency necessarily involves shared intentions. This article dissents from this orthodoxy and offers a minimalist account of shared agency—one where parties to shared activities need not form rich webs of interrelated psychological states. My account has two main components: a conceptual analysis of shared agency in terms of the notion of plan, and an explanation of undertheorized agency‐sharing mechanisms. My analysis states that we act together just in case our activities conform to a plan and that plan figures in an explanation of our activities' joint conformity to it. To sloganize: shared activity is plan‐coordinated activity. Sometimes, plan‐coordination goes by way of shared intentions. However, besides shared intentions, there are at least two additional families of agency‐sharing mechanisms. The first features a central planner who determines the content of a plan and attributes the different parts of that plan to a collection of agents. The second does away with the planner and involves a roughly Darwinian selection of patterns of activity. Both families of mechanisms enable us to act together even in the absence of shared intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sharing of quantum nonlocality has been the subject of much recent research for two-qubit and three-qubit entangled systems. In this paper, we discuss nonlocality sharing with unsharp measurement based on Mermin–Ardehali–Belinskii–Klyshko (MABK) inequality for the N-qubit generalized Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) system. In the one-sided sequential measurements scenario, we determine a state range associated with k within which k + 1 independent observers can share the standard N-partite nonlocality with the other (N - 1) sides, as well as a state range where arbitrarily many independent observers can do the same. Similarly, as to the m-sided sequential measurements scenario, we also identify a state range influenced by k within which k + 1 independent observers in each of m sides can share the standard N-partite nonlocality with the other (N - m) sides, and a state range where arbitrarily many independent observers can do so. Crucially, all of our nonlocality sharing findings result from a measurement strategy in which every sequential observer employs unequal sharpness measurements. As a special case, for the three-qubit maximally entangled GHZ state, we demonstrate that an unbounded number of observers can share the nonlocality in the one-sided sequential measurements scenario. This outcome further underscores the importance of unequal sharpness measurements in recycling qubits for generating quantum nonlocality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A publicly verifiable secret sharing (PVSS) scheme based on the m-multilinear Diffie-Hellman hard assumption was proposed by Q. Peng et al., where the public values published by a dealer are verifiable before reconstructing a secret. In addition, the scheme has the advantages that the shares' cheating/modification by some dishonest participants and dealer's malicious behavior in shares' generation and/or distribution can be detected. In this work, we cryptanalyze the scheme and find that a well-known attack called man-in-the-middle (MITM) is possible if the users' secret shares are modified because they remain undetected and, as a result, a modified common secret is reconstructed by a group of any 1 < t ≤ n participants. We address this issue and propose some modifications of the PVSS scheme with (m + 1) multilinear operations and two additional public values such that the MITM attack is infeasible and the scheme becomes secure. In addition, the proposed improvement is made adeptly without hampering performance, i.e., the computation cost has been marginally increased in our proposed improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), the demand for wireless spectrum resources has significantly increased. Dynamic spectrum sharing technology is regarded as a key solution to alleviate the shortage of spectrum resources. However, during the spectrum sharing process, security issues and a low utilization of the shared spectrum may arise. This study designs a consortium blockchain for trustworthy dynamic spectrum sharing in IoV environments. An improved asynchronous byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm is also designed to address the instability of signals in this scenario, and the allocation and management of spectrum resources between vehicles and base stations are further optimized using the Stackelberg game, ultimately deployed automatically through smart contracts. Simulation results show that our method not only significantly improves the system's response time but also ensures communication quality and can maintain efficient operation under high network delay and complex scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Mahanadi basin as a case, the study demonstrates benefit-sharing can improve water allocation among riparian states experiencing water stress. The results show the basin having a yearly average water deficit of 5429 million cubic metres (MCM) under business-as-usual which increases to 6781 MCM under high economic growth for 2011–2050. Even after various water supply augmentation and demand management interventions and climate change-induced increased runoff, the upper riparian state continues to have a water deficit. This can be reduced if the lower riparian state allows the upper one to divert 1500 MCM of additional water annually which will require a strong governance mechanism in place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While religion and spirituality (R/S) have been broadly studied for their positive mental health impacts, instances of abuse within religious or spiritual contexts remain under-researched. This scoping review aims to elucidate how individuals experiencing such abuse navigate their trauma, find meaning, and foster posttraumatic growth (PTG). The research was conducted using a scoping review methodology as a guide, and 10 articles were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Synthesizing these articles revealed the following three central themes: recognizing abuse, relaying one's story, and redefining spirituality. Survivors often face disbelief and stigma, hindering their ability to process their experiences. However, narrative sharing enables many to reclaim agency and healing through validation and the integration of the narrative into one's life story. Additionally, survivors often transform spirituality, shifting from rigid frameworks to more nuanced and flexible understandings of the Divine and self. These findings underscore the importance of trauma-informed, spiritually sensitive clinical approaches that validate survivors' experiences, facilitate narrative sharing, and support spiritual redefining. Future research must address knowledge gaps, including the development of improved assessment tools, exploration of effective treatment strategies, and the unifying of terms to better support survivors' healing journeys and promote meaning-making and PTG in the aftermath of R/S abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2008 a community-academic partnership was formed between the School District of Philadelphia and our university-based team, Philadelphia Autism Instructional Methods Support. Through this partnership, we conducted a large-scale randomized trial of autism interventions in public schools, which indicated concerns related to implementation fidelity despite high-quality consultation to an evidence-based curriculum. Since the conclusion of the initial study, we have sustained this partnership to continue providing access to evidence-based care for autistic students. In this paper, we describe our iterative process of adapting consultation for autism support teachers, present findings regarding the impact of these services on teacher implementation fidelity, and map elements of our model onto well-established sustainment strategies for implementing change. In sharing this model, we hope to provide a blueprint for organizations conducting similar work and for those interested in empirically testing or applying strategies for sustainment of EBPs in school settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During research in Qatar with practitioners in assisted reproduction and infertility medicine, I found that across the broad range of views they expressed about their approaches to consulting with patients, there was something shared: that their work with assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) entailed taking up moral and ethical positions. In this paper, I draw on interviews with medical professionals to analyse the local moral worlds which shape the practice of assisted reproduction. I provide an analysis of how professionals position themselves amid the complex ethical, moral, and cultural landscape in which ARTs in Qatar are situated. In developing my analysis of how these positionings involve a striving to be virtuous, I contribute to anthropological understandings of the complexities of everyday negotiations of moral practice. This is a process, I argue, that reveals both the interplay between self-construction and professional practice and the multidimensionality of the underexplored ART context in Qatar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Pädagogik is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Research in the field of work and organizational psychology increasingly highlights the role of meaningful work as a protector of well-being at work. This study tests the role of strengths knowledge and use as new pathways through which meaningful work may have a positive effect on work engagement and mental health. Methods: Study 1 and Study 2 report the validation of the Spanish Strengths Use and Knowledge Scales respectively, with samples of N = 617 (Study 1) and N = 365 (Study 2) employees. Study 3 tests the mediating effects of strengths use and knowledge in a model with different work-related constructs in another sample of N = 798 employees. Results: Findings from Studies 1 and 2 indicate that the instruments offer adequate evidence of reliability and validity. Results from Study 3 revealed that strengths knowledge is a mediator in the relationship between meaningful work and strengths use. Findings also confirmed the mediating roles of strengths use in the relationship between meaningful work and work engagement, and between meaningful work and mental health. Discussion: This study highlights the ability to be aware of and apply signature strengths as effective and novel pathways to foster well-being at work through the cultivation of meaningful work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Interventions Économiques is the property of Association d'Economie Politique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this research article, we investigates the value distribution of linear q-difference operators Lk(f, Δq,c) and Lk(g, Δq,c), for a transcendental entire functions of zero order. At the same time we also investigate the uniqueness problems when two linear q - difference operators of entire functions share one value with finite weight. Our results extends the previous theorems of existing studies [11], [12]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the uniqueness of entire and meromorphic functions with equal weights l ≥ 0 by investigating the general difference-differential polynomial Ψ(z, f). We have extended the findings attributed to [3] and derived a new result. Additionally, we examine the implications when a polynomial of degree n shares a common value with the general difference-differential polynomial. We have also posed an open problem for future research work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario Electrónico de Estudios en Comunicación Social 'Disertaciones' is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AUKUS strategic alliance will be a cornerstone of the strategic partnership which will enable Australia to acquire the necessary strategic nuclear deterrence to deter China increased strategic imprint in the wider Indo-Pacific region. The three-way strategic alliance will also allow Washington to develop the necessary strategic umbrella to counter China's both conventional and nuclear submarine increased threat in the wider Indo Pacific region. Established in 2021, the AUKUS is intended to be a strategic partnership among Australia, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States to bolster their allied deterrence and defence capabilities in the Indo-Pacific. The trilateral partnership, which builds on their decadeslong security cooperation, has two pillars. Pillar I revolves around the acquisition and development of conventionally armed nuclear-powered submarines for the Royal Australian Navy; and Pillar II calls for collaboration on advanced capabilities that will involve technology and information sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies a dual‐channel supply chain in which the capital‐constrained retailer operating the reselling channel is risk‐averse, whereas both the supplier and the platform operating the direct retail channel exhibit risk‐neutral. The traditional retailer chooses supplier financing (SF), platform investment (PI), or non‐financing (NF) to meet uncertain demand. Examining three scenarios using CVaR, we find financing equilibrium determined by interactive impacts of dividend proportion and revenue sharing rate. Adjusting the latter achieves Pareto improvement among supply chain members, explaining why platforms invest in traditional retailers. Extending the model introduces a portfolio financing approach, combining SF and PI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

False political information–misinformation or disinformation—is widely spread on social media. Individual social media users play a large part in this. However, only a minority actively share false material. It is important to establish what sets these individuals apart from those who do not, and why they do it. Motivations for sharing may vary and are likely to differ between people who share false material unknowingly and on purpose. In this paper we consider the extent to which individual differences in personality and other variables, and motivations for sharing, are associated with the likelihood of people sharing false political information both accidentally and deliberately. In a series of four studies (Ns = 614, 563, 627, 113) we examined predictors of sharing false political information using different methodological approaches. Across the four studies, a key finding was that positive schizotypy is associated with measures of sharing false information both accidentally and deliberately. Motivations for sharing political information online were also relevant, with sharing for reasons of 'raising awareness' appearing particularly important. Implications for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People find humour in the darkest and most tragic situations. However, there is remarkable interpersonal variability when it comes to setting the so-called limits of humour. We examine how the Dark Tetrad personality traits (DT4; Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism) relate to responses to black humour jokes in online settings. A community sample of 745 adults completed the Short Dark Triad and the Assessment of Sadistic Personality inventories before rating a set of ‘black’ and neutrally humourous jokes in terms of their (a) appreciation (fun/offence), (b) likelihood of sharing, and (c) censoring them on social networks (e.g. Twitter/Facebook). After controlling for common variance, everyday sadism emerged as the strongest DT4 predictor of black humour preferences. This type of dark personality was uniquely associated with higher fun and sharing, and lower offence and censorship of black humour jokes. Machiavellianism was related to negative levels of black humour censorship and offence, whereas the opposite associations were observed for narcissism. Yet, the DT4 only showed rather modest amounts of shared variance regarding responses to black humour jokes, suggesting that interpersonal callousness is insufficient to account for the complexity of black humour interposal variability. We discuss the findings with respect to earlier humour literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Justice-oriented climate activism is proliferating. Many scholars aspire to deliver research that supports activism. However, measures of impact for research evaluation and funding purposes place little weight on the use of research by activists. Here we consider how academics and academia might effectively support and enable climate activism. We report outcomes from a series of online deliberative workshops involving both activists and academics from several European countries. The workshops were facilitated to create space for discussion, sharing of experiences and the development of proposals for the future. The outcomes take the form of a set of principles (a "minifesta") for academic-activist engagement generated by the group. In discussing the process and outputs, we argue that a focus on inclusion can support politically transformative change of the scale and urgency required. We suggest that this also demands a shift in attitudes toward the role of activism and activists in collaborative processes. We further discuss the inevitable incompleteness of this process, arguing that incompleteness is, itself, a feature of inclusive engagement. We conclude that scholars working on climate issues in any discipline could benefit from increasing mutually supportive collaboration with activists; and that such collaboration and inclusion could help liberate democracy from authoritarian tendencies and market influences. Collaborative engagements generate legitimate, rich, and impactful outcomes even with the limitations posed by COVID19. We, therefore, commend both the model of engagement and the principles it generated for our colleagues and peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The constant attention to sustainability aimed at reconciling economic and social development with environmental protection is the driving force of the continuous growth of renewable energy in the energy sector. Among the numerous actions taken by the European Commission (EC) in this direction, an important initiative towards the complete decarbonization is represented by the Renewable Energy Communities (RECs). According to the EC, "energy communities enable collective and citizen-driven energy actions to support the clean energy transition. They can contribute to increasing public acceptance of renewable energy projects and make it easier to attract private investments in the clean energy transition". At the European level, numerous energy communities are emerging, although they are all based on photovoltaic production and, consequently, focus only on electricity flows. The aim of this paper is to define a thermal energy community in which thermal energy sharing can be achieved by exploiting the concept of the smart district heating network. Starting from a small existing district heating network, its conversion into a smart one will be analyzed and optimized with the aim of studying the sharing of thermal energy between the various prosumer and non-prosumer users connected to the district heating network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most semi-quantum secret sharing protocols are suitable for the application with three participants. Based on the n-level states, a multiparty semi-quantum secret sharing protocol is proposed. Compared with similar protocols, it has the merits as follows. (1) The dealer only needs to prepare the single photon sequence without using any product state or entangle state. (2) To share a secret, the classical parties need not have the ability of measurement. They only need to reorder the photon sequence and send it to the receiver. (3) The dealer knows nothing about any agent's secret shadow. Therefore, it is infeasible for the dealer to impersonate the classical participant to pool the secret shadow during the secret recovering phase. (4) Theoretically, the qubit efficiency of the proposed protocol is asymptotically 100%. The protocol is secure against famous attacks such as intercept-resend attack, measurement-resend attack and entangle-measure attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(n , m , t) -Homomorphic Secret Sharing (HSS) allows n clients to share data secretly to m servers, which compute a function f homomorphically on the received secretly shared data while restricting the input data acquired by a collection of t servers to private ones. In Verifiable Homomorphic Secret Sharing (VHSS), if there are partially colluding malicious servers submitting erroneous computation results to the client, such erroneous computation results will be rejected by the client. In traditional static homomorphic secret sharing schemes, once a secret share of raw data is assigned to a group of servers, then all servers in the group must participate in the computation, which means that the computation has to be restarted once some servers fail to perform the task. In order to solve the above problem, we propose the first dynamic homomorphic secret sharing scheme for additive computation in this paper. In our scheme, once some servers fail, there is no need to recalculate the secret sharing but only the need to reissue the index set of servers that perform the computation, Our structure assigns more computation to the servers, which is very useful in real scenarios. In addition, we propose dynamic verifiable homomorphic secret sharing schemes based on the above schemes, which have less computational overhead compared to the existing schemes, although we sacrifice the public verifiability property. Finally, we give a detailed correctness, security, and verifiability analysis of the two proposed schemes and provide the theoretical and experimental evaluation results of the computational overhead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferation of misinformation on social media platforms has given rise to growing demands for effective intervention strategies that increase sharing discernment (i.e. increase the difference in the probability of sharing true posts relative to the probability of sharing false posts). One suggested method is to encourage users to deliberate on the veracity of the information prior to sharing. However, this strategy is undermined by individuals' propensity to share posts they acknowledge as false. In our study, across three experiments, in a simulated social media environment, participants were shown social media posts and asked whether they wished to share them and, sometimes, whether they believed the posts to be truthful. We observe that requiring users to verify their belief in a news post's truthfulness before sharing it markedly curtails the dissemination of false information. Thus, requiring self-certification increased sharing discernment. Importantly, requiring self-certification didn't hinder users from sharing content they genuinely believed to be true because participants were allowed to share any posts that they indicated were true. We propose self-certification as a method that substantially curbs the spread of misleading content on social media without infringing upon the principle of free speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In threshold secret image sharing schemes (k, n), the secret image S is distributed among n shareholders. To recover the secret image, at least k shareholders must be present during the restoration phase. In the traditional secret image sharing schemes, there is no ability to change the threshold or define a share for essential and non-essential shareholders. In certain circumstances, it may be necessary for certain shareholders to be present during the secret recovery phase and surrender their shares. This requires the use of essential secret sharing schemes. Additionally, if the security policy for the recovery phase changes, the number of shareholders required to be present may change as well, necessitating the use of changeable secret sharing schemes. In this paper, a changeable threshold secret image sharing scheme with the presence of essential shareholders is introduced for the first time. In this scheme, the threshold of essential and non-essential shareholders can be increased or decreased based on the chosen policy. Also, the shares of the shareholders are verified using the Bloom Filter. Tables 7 and 8 outline the advantages and features of the proposed scheme in comparison to other schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the importance of sharing and eating in constructing personhood, reproducing social institutions, and reenacting social value. Based on 18 months of fieldwork among the Indigenous Mentawai living on Siberut Island (Indonesia), it examines eating and sharing that hint at food’s importance in the Mentawai’s idea of family, kinship, and mutuality. Eating and sharing food are not merely digestive activities; they constitute a process whereby the Mentawai redefine and remake their mutuality with others. At once material, moral, affective, and symbolic, Mentawai sharing and eating reveals how nourishment is shaped not just by food materiality or mode of livelihood but also by how they develop creative social relations with non-human entities. I argue that it is only by pursuing the Mentawai’s mode of thinking and relating with more-than-human beings that one may understand the centrality of sharing in bringing humans and non-human persons together in a shared world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indirect interactions among species within ecological communities govern ecological and evolutionary processes as much as, or even more, than direct effects. In insect‐pollinated plant communities, indirect interactions between plants can be mediated by shared pollinators, and may influence plant fitness, population growth and community structure. As individuals are the entities actually interacting in nature, rather than species, downscaling a hierarchical level (i.e. from species to individuals) is essential to understand the underlying processes promoting these indirect interactions. We combined empirical data on plant–pollinator interactions collected in Mediterranean shrublands with a novel modelling framework to assess how the patterns of heterospecific and conspecific pollinator sharing between plant individuals are generated and their fitness implications. We found that the effects of flowering synchrony on pollinator sharing among conspecific and heterospecific plant individuals outperformed those of spatial distance. Our results revealed that plant individuals that shared more pollinators with conspecifics were also involved in a higher pollinator sharing with heterospecifics. For most plant species, the sharing of pollinator species between heterospecific plant individuals produced positive mean fitness outcomes, as long as plants did not share many pollinator interactions, which had negative effects on their fitness. At the level of plant individuals, we found that specific combinations of conspecific and heterospecific pollinator sharing lead to distinct reproductive outcomes that placed each individual along a competition–facilitation continuum. Interestingly, most plant species included a higher proportion of individuals likely experiencing competition compared to those potentially involved in facilitation processes. Our contribution provides novel insights into the factors responsible for local‐scale indirect interactions within communities and their individual‐level functional consequences. Such intricate patterns of indirect interactions have far‐reaching implications, as the transitions of plant individuals along competitive or facilitative processes mediated by shared mutualists may contribute significantly to the functioning and coexistence of ecological communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of humour, teaching, gender, age, birth order, siblings, parents' level of education and income on kindergarteners' costly sharing behaviours. The participants consist of 106 kindergarteners enrolled in three public kindergartens in Şanlıurfa. The participants interacted with two assistants, one of whom made them laugh (the joker) and the other taught them something new (the teacher). After the meetings, a third assistant presented 20 stickers to each child. Among the 20 stickers, the children selected their 10 favourite stickers. Another assistant asked the children to share their stickers with teaching, joker or stranger if they desired. The children's distribution of their stickers to the joker, the teacher assistants and the neutral recipients did not statistically differ. This might be the result of egalitarian tendency of young children. Multiple regression revealed gender as a predictor variable for sharing with jokers and total sharing. The girls shared significantly more than the boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Do institutions shape the possibility of sustaining cooperation when the same individuals must first divide resources and then attempt to cooperate? It could be that simply having received an inequitable division undermines cooperative behavior, reducing aggregate welfare. Alternatively, it might be that only when interacting with the same individual or group does this spillover occur, in which case separating tasks across institutions may prevent this negative spillover. To test these arguments, we designed a two-stage incentivized experiment in which participants interact in a division task and then in a task in which cooperation improves aggregate welfare. In two experiments, individuals were randomly assigned to interact either with the same individual for both tasks or with a different individual for each task. In the second experiment, individuals could also interact with a person who was in the same arbitrary group as their partner in the division task. Holding constant both past history and past partner behavior, the results of these experiments provide support for a Partner History effect in which the mechanism that produces spillover is interacting with the same individual in both decisions. We also find evidence for a weaker Group History effect in which negative spillover occurs when the partner in the cooperative task is a member of the same group as the partner from the division task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a load-sharing performance analysis method of the planetary gear system is proposed considering the coupling effects of double-helical gear and journal bearing. Firstly, the coupling effects between the meshing characteristics of the double-helical gear pair and the dynamic characteristics of journal bearing under the actual operation state are studied, the dynamic model of the double-helical gear planetary transmission system is established, and the load sharing coefficient before and after considering the coupling effects are calculated; secondly, the load sharing characteristic test rig of planetary transmission system is built, and the load sharing coefficient of gear system under the test condition is measured to verify the accuracy of the proposed method; finally, the effects of operating parameters and structural parameters on the load sharing characteristic of gear system are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sharing is a key function of social media (Yus, 2022). This study aims to analyse the sharing practices of five Spanish WhatsApp groups from a pragmatic, ethnographic and qualitative perspective. The groups consist of family members, friends and three groups formed by work colleagues. Specifically, this study aims to respond three research questions: What do group members share? To what extent is the act of sharing explicitly and meta-pragmatically talked about and responded to? And to what extent do recipients respond to sharing also in a meta-pragmatically explicit way? Results show that both family and friends follow similar patterns, where interactants share good news and entertainment to boost rapport. Interestingly, this pattern is replicated by working groups, whose ultimate aim is rather different. This reveals that, independently of why the WhatsApp group was created, participants prefer boosting rapport by means of mutual enjoyment (Yus, 2023) rather than using these groups exclusively for their instrumental purpose, possibly because of Spanish culture's orientation to positive politeness (Iglesias Recuero, 2017). However, the meta-pragmatics of both types of groups seems to differ, with more explicit references performed in the working groups, probably due to the need to explicitly acknowledge that sharing might not be the groups' originally intended aim. • We study the pragmatics of sharing by five WhatsApp groups of Peninsular Spanish users ethnographically. • We examine the elements shared depending on the sociological variable of distance (work, family and friends). • More distant groups use meta-pragmatic comments to mitigate imposition. • Family and friends refrain from using meta-pragmatic comments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]