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L'impero spagnolo d'America, che durò più di quattro secoli e coprì un immenso territorio di oltre 3.000 chilometri quadrati, costituisce una delle pagine più intense della storia umana. Al momento della sua scomparsa, diede vita a diciotto nazioni latinoamericane, ma al tempo di Filippo II (1556-1598), quando il sole non tramontava sulle terre dell'impero, questo prodigioso mondo era ancora un tutto unico, nella cui vastità il re di Spagna era il solo a distribuire terre, miniere e città. Ma l'impero nel Nuovo Mondo era anche un fantastico progetto missionario che sognava di rinnovare l'umanità. Nel presente libro, Georges Baudot ci permette di conoscere la vita quotidiana in questo favoloso impero, ma anche di comprendere le sorti cui sarebbe andata incontro l'America Latina al suo dissolvimento.

This book collects valuable studies in the field of pelvic medicine, reflecting the latest technologies and innovations for maintaining pelvic floor health and managing incontinence and pelvic floor disorders in both men and women. It provides an authoritative and multidisciplinary perspective from Mediterranean experts in the field, mainly focusing on obstetrics and gynecology, urogynecology, urology, female urology, colorectal surgery, and physiotherapy. Collecting innovative ideas and studies based on recent developments, with detailed background information, the book will shed new light on the subject and serve as a valuable reference guide for graduate students, researchers, and practicing professionals interested in continence and pelvic floor management.

This book provides a practical guide in the use of imaging and visualization technologies in urology. It details how output from diagnostic systems, can be represented through synthetic, virtual and augmented reality tools, such as holograms and three dimensional (3D) modelling and how they can improve everyday surgical procedures including laparoscopic, robotic-assisted, open, endoscopic along with the latest and most innovative approaches. Anatomy for Urologic Surgeons in the Digital Era: Scanning, Modelling and 3D Printing systematically reviews diagnostic imaging, visualization tools available in urology and is a valuable resource for all practicing and in-training urological surgeons.

This book provides a practical, comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of bladder cancer. A valuable resource for anyone with an interest in urothelial tumors, this text brings together a multidisciplinary team of experts who have distilled their vast years of experience and knowledge into a concise, easy to digest format. Topics covered range from importance of a pattern recognition in diagnosis and pathologic evaluation to ‘how I do it'tips on patient selection for appropriate therapies such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, surgery and radiation. Bridging the gap between a traditional textbook and hands-on experience, this book provides a practical guide to managing day-to-day issues and challenges and brings an algorithmic approach to avoid common pitfalls. Bladder Cancer: A Practical Guide provides a concise yet comprehensive summary of the current status of the field of bladder cancer treatment, guiding patient management and stimulating investigative efforts.

This new edition provides updated procedural recommendations and outcomes in all areas of endoscopic, robotic, and laparoscopic urology. New chapters cover alternative minimally invasive techniques for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia, as well as an in-depth review of instrumentation for stone surgery. All chapters contain new or revised “equipment lists” and tips and tricks for the practicing urologist, covering a broad spectrum of urologic diseases. Authored by a wide array of leaders in the field known for both their clinical prowess and commitment to education, the second edition of Minimally Invasive Urology: An Essential Clinical Guide to Endourology, Laparoscopy, LESS and Robotics provides a critical resource for clinicians, surgeons, operating room technicians, operating room managers and hospital administration.

Globally, natural medicine has been considered as an important alternative to modern allopathic medicine. Although natural medicines are popular in society, only limited medicinal herbs have been scientifically evaluated for their potential in medical treatment. This book connects various aspects of the complex journey from traditional medicine to modern medicine. It provides information on topics including global regulations and regulatory hurdles, diverse nutritional challenges and potential health benefits, novel food innovations especially seed-to-clinic approaches, and future trends.FEATURES• Provides information on sustainable use of natural products in the development of new drugs and clinically validated herbal remedies• Discusses issues on evaluation and clinical aspects of herbal medicine, promotion and development, safety evaluation, metabolite profiling, biomarker analysis, formulation, and stability testing• Describes traditional uses of natural medicine through identification, isolation and structural characterization of their active components• Elucidates mechanisms of biological action, adverse effects and identification of their molecular targets of natural medicine• Multidisciplinary appeal including chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacognosy and cell and molecular biology, as well as integration with clinical medicineThis book serves as an essential guide for individuals researching natural medicines, and industry employees in areas including drug development, pharmacology, natural products chemistry, clinical efficacy, ethnopharmacology, pharmacognosy, phytotherapy, phyto-technology and herbal science.

This volume is aimed at offering an insight into the present knowledge of the vast domain of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants with a focus on North America. In this era of global climate change the volume is meant to provide an important contribution to a better understanding of the diverse world of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant research, production and utilization.

The most comprehensive textbook in the field edited by the founding father of endourology returns for a new edition. In full colour throughout and packed with surgical teaching videos, this is an essential purchase for all urologists wishing to master their skills.

This unique textbook – the first of its kind – presents a thoughtful and comprehensive discussion of the significance of varicocele and its impact on male fertility. This hot topic is covered from a multitude of angles in seven thematic sections: origin and pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, medical and surgical therapy, controversies, pro and con debates, and clinical case scenarios. The scope of varicocele includes basic and transitional research, genetics, diagnostic testing with conventional and advanced molecular biology approaches, hormonal control, interventional therapy and assisted reproductive technology (ART). Repair of varicocele, which can be carried out by various methods, not only alleviates oxidative stress‐associated infertility but also prevents and protects against the progressive character of varicocele and its consequent upregulations of systemic oxidative stress. Even with the advances in the understanding of this intriguing disease and consensus on some areas such as diagnosis and pathophysiology, substantial controversy still exists, in particular concerning the benefits of treatment and to whom treatment should be offered. Additional chapters discuss, in depth, such controversies surrounding the role of varicocele in male infertility and present clinical case scenarios dealing with management of subclinical and clinical varicocele. A series of editorial comments is provided by the editors at the end of selected chapters, containing an objective and concise summary of the information from each chapter. In addition, chapters open up with key points for quick references and conclude with multiple choice questions and answers for immediate review and retention of the rich content. Generously illustrated, Varicocele and Male Infertility: A Complete Guide represents an invaluable tool for medical students in reproductive medicine as well as researchers and clinicians working in the field of infertility(e.g., urologists, gynecologists, reproductive endocrinologists, and embryologists) and is comprised of chapters written by leading and internationally recognized clinicians and scientists with expertise in varicocele, skillfully edited by leaders in the field.

This useful illustrated text summarizes for an audience of clinicians in Reproductive Medicine the practical essentials of what they need to know about diagnosis and management of the infertile male patient, whether they need to instruct or liaise with a colleague or undertake the procedures themselves.

Dr. Holzbeierlein has created an issue devoted to the current knowledge and best practice of Bladder Cancer and Upper Tract Urothelial Cell Carcinoma. Top expert authors have written clinical reviews on the following topics: Current Staging Strategies for Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer and Upper Tract Urothelial Cell Carcinoma; Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for MIBC and Upper Tract UCC; Bladder Preservation Therapy for MIBC; Pre-Operative and Intraoperative Optimization of the Cystectomy Patient; Robotic Cystectomy; Robotic Nephroureterectomy; Organ Sparing Cystectomy; Lymphadenectomy for MIBC and Upper Tract UCC; ERAS Pathways; Follow-up Management of Cystectomy Patients; Quality of Life after Cystectomy; Endoscopic Approaches to Upper Tract UCC; Adjuvant Therapy in MIBC and Upper Tract UCC; and Immunotherapy in MIBC and Upper Tract UCC. The urologist will have the clinical information he or she needs to treat these patients so as to optimize outcomes.

La monografia si propone di esaminare la figura del morisco all'interno della dimensione teatrale spagnola dei secoli XVI e XVII. Lo scopo è di dimostrare che il personaggio ispano-musulmano affiora, nei casi letterari analizzati, come riflesso di un'immagine stereotipata costruita dai membri della comunità dominante. Una prima parte dello studio è incentrata sull'esposizione delle circostanze storiche che hanno contribuito a determinare la cuestión morisca, identificandone i punti primari a livello socio-politico, geografico ed economico. In un secondo tempo, si presenta il protagonista della ricerca contestualizzandolo da un punto di vista religioso, culturale e sociale. L'attenzione si concentra in seguito sull'analisi della rappresentazione deformata del soggetto morisco: lo studio dei meccanismi di stereotipizzazione evidenzia l'effettività di un progetto di discriminazione e marginalizzazione nei confronti degli individui appartenenti alla minoranza ispano-musulmana. Al fine di verificare se gli stessi processi si siano consolidati anche nel discorso letterario dell'epoca, viene rintracciata la figura all'interno del teatro spagnolo rinascimentale e barocco per poi esaminarne le caratteristiche e l'evoluzione. Nella seconda parte, dunque, l'analisi si sofferma sulle modalità di raffigurazione del personaggio ispanoislamico nella produzione di tre significativi autori del teatro spagnolo della seconda metà del secolo XVI: Diego Sánchez de Badajoz, Juan Timoneda e Lope de Rueda. In seguito, viene osservato il ruolo che ricopre il morisco all'interno di un corpus di nove commedie di Lope de Vega, indagando, nello specifico, quattro aspetti del procedimento comico di cui sembrerebbe essersi servito il drammaturgo spagnolo per ribadire la categorizzazione sociale anche a livello letterario. El trabajo se propone examinar la figura del morisco en el teatro español de los siglos XVI y XVII. El objetivo es demostrar que el personaje hispano-musulmán aparece, en los casos literarios analizados, como reflejo de una imagen estereotipada construida por los miembros de la comunidad dominante. La primera parte del estudio se centra en la explicación de las circunstancias históricas que contribuyeron a determinar la “cuestión morisca”, con la intención de identificar los puntos principales del “problema” a nivel socio-político, geográfico y económico. Se presenta a continuación al protagonista del estudio a través de una contextualización desde un punto de vista religioso, cultural y social. La atención se enfoca después en el análisis de la representación deformada del sujeto-morisco: la observación de los mecanismos de estereotipización evidencia la efectividad de un proyecto de discriminación contra los individuos pertenecientes a la minoría hispano-musulmana. Con el propósito de comprobar si el mismo proceso de marginalización también se consolidó en el discurso literario de la época, se localiza al personaje del morisco en la dimensión teatral renacentista y barroca para luego examinar sus características y su evolución. En la segunda parte del estudio, por tanto, el análisis se focaliza en las modalidades de representación de la figura del hispano-islámico en la producción de tres significativos autores del teatro español de la segunda mitad del siglo XVI: Diego Sánchez de Badajoz, Juan Timoneda y Lope de Rueda. Posteriormente, se observa el papel que desarrolla el personaje del morisco en un corpus de nueve comedias de Lope de Vega, investigando de forma particular cuatro aspectos del procedimiento cómico que el dramaturgo parece haber utilizado para revalidar la categorización social de la figura también dentro de la dimensión literaria.

This book initiates the descriptions of the practical performance of different hysterectomies with conventional and robotically assisted laparoscopy, laparotomy and vaginal surgery. Laparoscopic hysterectomy has been out as an additional technique for hysterectomies for the last couple of decades. As the necessary light, augmentation and advanced skill has only been introduced into this already 200 year old surgical procedure within the last few decades by laparoscopy, the editors aim to look at the laparoscopic procedures followed by the traditional techniques of hysterectomy with laparotomy and vaginal surgery.

This updated volume provides a comprehensive guide to the recent developments of digital and intelligent technologies related to genitourinary surgery. New topics include the adaptation of simulators, training programs, standardized credentialing, evidence-based practice, as well as the economics of robotic surgery. The impact on public and global health is also covered. Robotics in Genitourinary Surgery aims to help surgeons and patients adopt the techniques and procedures discussed, and in turn educate and expand research activities within the field.

As a consequence of rapid changes in surgical technique and incorporation of new robotic technology and advanced intraoperative imaging, the second edition of this important textbook reflects these rapid changes in the field of robotic urologic surgery. The goals of this textbook are three-fold. First, it provides a comprehensive update on surgical techniques pertinent to each robotic urologic procedure being performed worldwide, spanning procedures performed for both upper urinary tract (e.g. adrenal, kidney, ureter) and lower urinary tract (e.g. bladder, prostate, seminal vesicle, vagina) as well as adult and pediatric conditions. Second, advances in new robotic instruments and technology as well as advanced intraoperative imaging modalities used for surgical navigation are incorporated. Third, to further improve upon the first edition, this textbook is highly illustrated with schematic drawings to aid an understanding of the surgical techniques. Links to online video content is presented throughout. Atlas of Robotic Urologic Surgery will serve as a vital step-by-step, highly illustrated comprehensive yet concise resource to urologic surgeons, trainees and robotic surgical assistants embarking on robotic surgery as part of their surgical armamentarium for treatment of urologic diseases.

Written by recognized experts in this fast-changing field, this highly practical text by Drs. Jay T. Bishoff, Louis R. Kavoussi, and David A. Leavitt has been completely revised and greatly expanded to cover what you need to know about today's laparoscopic and robotic technology and techniques. Atlas of Laparoscopic and Robotic Urologic Surgery is a concise, thorough, superbly illustrated reference, perfect for learning new techniques or briefly reviewing before a case. You'll be guided through today's best minimally invasive approaches using new surgical systems and equipment, including third- and fourth-generation robotic devices. Step-by-step illustrations, tips and tricks, and information on complications helps you sharpen your skills in this high-demand area. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability. Twenty brand-new chapters on camera and lens systems, instrumentation, the da Vinci surgical system, pyelo/ureterolithotomy, robotic-assisted and laparoscopic simple prostatectomy, and more. Completely revised and updated chapters on laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and endoscopic inguinal lymph node dissection for penile cancer. More than 30 high-quality videos online (24 are brand new), including robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, robotic assisted kidney transplantation, robotic simple prostatectomy, robotic cystectomy and robotic neobladder evolution, laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy, and many more. Cutting-edge topics including matured techniques for nephron sparing surgery, state-of-the-art nerve sparing for radical robotic prostatectomy, innovative approaches to treat ureteral strictures, up-to-date surgical care of malignancies, and novel pediatric surgeries.

This issue of Surgical Clinics of North America, guest edited by Drs. Lisa T. Beaule and Moritz H. Hansen, is devoted to Practical Urology for the General Surgeon. They have assembled expert authors to review the following topics: Surgical Management of Acute Urologic Emergencies; Surgical Management of Urologic Trauma and Iatrogenic Injuries; Diagnosis and Management of Voiding Dysfunction; Surgical Management of Urinary Retention; Surgical Management of Female Voiding Dysfunction; Surgical Management of Male Voiding Dysfunction; Diagnosis and Management of Hematuria; Diagnosis and Management of Nephrolithiasis; Surgery of Urologic Implants; Surgical Pediatric Urology; Use of Bowel in Urologic Reconstructive Surgery; Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Uro-enteric Fistulae; Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Pelvic, Inguinal, and Testicular Pain; Robotic Surgery of the Kidney, Bladder and Prostate, and more!

For more than 45 years, Glenn's Urologic Surgery has been the must-have surgical reference for residents and practicing urologists. Authored by renowned experts in the field, the 8th Edition focuses on the adult and pediatric surgical techniques you need to master to ensure the best possible outcomes for your patients. Comprehensive coverage, more than 1,300 full-color illustrations, and concise, easy-to-follow text are the hallmarks of this updated surgical resource.

Robotic Surgery of the Bladder is a dedicated resource to understanding and mastering the concepts and practical aspects of robotic bladder surgery. The volume provides an introduction to urologists interested in initiating robotic radical cystectomy by providing them background, concepts, steps, and tools and tricks to introduce robotic radical cystectomy into their clinical practice, all in a safe, stepwise, and organized manner. For the more experienced robotic surgeon, the text serves as a resource for more advanced applications and techniques. The volume is also accompanied by many still images and a DVD of video clips.Written by experts in the field, Robotic Surgery of the Bladder is a comprehensive resource that maintains the time-tested oncologic principles of bladder cancer surgery, while introducing the advantages that exist with robotic-assisted approaches.

Laparoscopy is a new frontier of the surgical technique, which recently gained more and more popularity and credit upon the surgical teams, also in Urology. The reason stays in the reduced invasivity and in the advances on the techniques of'video-assisted surgery'. More recently the retroperitoneal access to laparoscopy surgery ('retroperitoneoscopy'or'retroperitoneal laparoscopy') opened a new surgical approach to several diagnostic and operative procedures for a large number of urogenital tract diseases. The applications in pediatric and in adult age and the technical challenges are widely debated at the moment. The volume gathers contributions by internationally renowned authors and is a complete overview of the technique. The book addresses urologists, general and abdominal surgeons, pediatric urologists and pediatric surgeons who are interested in minimally invasive procedures and particularly in retroperitoneal laparoscopy.

This book represents the most up-to-date, comprehensive textbook in urologic oncology to be published in recent years. Many of the world's leading experts have contributed to the present work and in doing so have passed on their wisdom in terms of the key therapeutic considerations and clinical pearls pivotal in the management of these malignancies. This book not only addresses many of the essential diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in the management of prostate, bladder, upper tract, urethral, kidney, testis, penile, and adrenal cancers but also highlights many of the important technological advances in urological oncology including the rapid adoption of robotic assisted laparoscopic surgery in the care of many urologic malignancies.