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On the one hand, in the present era, construction companies are one of Egypt’s fastest-growing industries and provide significant economic returns. On the other hand, construction industries significantly put individuals in danger of accidental death. In this study, the researchers examined the factors that affect Occupational Safety (OCS) measures among women engineers working in Egypt’s construction industries. This is a quantitative study that used cross-sectional data, and the researchers used 376 usable samples. By applying Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), this study’s findings demonstrate that the Work Environment (WEN), Personal Protection (PP), Training and Education of Safety Skills (TESS), Familiarity with Safety Regulations (FSR) and Safety Commitment (SCT) influence OCS. This study’s findings will help policymakers and planners design effective safety policies on construction sites. This study’s findings about adopting precautionary and safety measures will help reduce the death rates on Egypt’s construction sites. Finally, particularly in developing countries, this study’s findings will contribute to the health and safety and environment and health literature.

Background: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the characteristics of patients who were admitted to the emergency department for a hand injury and to make preventive inferences for hand injuries in terms of public health. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 10,352 patients admitted to the emergency department between August 2016 and July 2020. Results: The average age was 28.4. Injuries mostly occurred in the 25-34 age interval (18.7%). Men predominated in the patient group (70.27%), and injuries were almost equally distributed between right and left sides, with fingers being the most frequently affected region. Common etiologies included falling, occupational injury, and home accidents, leading most frequently to fracture/dislocations, skin nail injuries, and tendon injuries. Amputations comprised 6.3% of the injuries. Complicated injuries mostly occurred in young males and were mostly due to work accidents. Conclusions: Hand injuries can be devastating, and increased individual and social awareness and improved occupational standards are required for prevention (level of evidence: III). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study identified the factors affecting the adoption of agrochemical safety measures among crop farmers in the Southern Agricultural Zone of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study include; identifying the rate of awareness of agrochemical safety measures, to identify adoption level of agrochemical safety measures and to determine the effect of socio-economic characteristic on the adoption of agrochemical safety measures. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 220 crop farmers for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data and data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The Result of the study revealed that farmers in the area were aware of the following agrochemical safety measures: avoid eating and drinking when using agrochemicals/bathing after spraying (85%), washing spraying clothes separately from other clothes (74%), and danger of ingestion/inhalation of agrochemicals (70%) among others. Also, results on the adoption of agrochemical safety measures show that 50% of the respondents adopted on a high scale level, 38% adopted on a medium scale and 12% adopted on a low scale. Level of education, extension contact, farm size, and household size were the socio-economic characteristics that had un influence on the adoption of agrochemical safety measures in the area. It is therefore recommended that extension workers should intensify un enlightenment campaign on the danger of exposure to agrochemicals in order to achieve full adoption of agrochemical safety measures by crop farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Aim of project is to find the Productivity for finishing works in the Construction Industry and suggest some ideas to overcome the delaying factors. In this project, we include safety induction, planning, and finishing activities work procedure, quality control, productivity and rate analysis. Every organization requires more productivity which increase their profit, quality and to reduce cost and time. Therefore, we have collected productivity data for certain finishing activities (Block Works, Cement Plastering,) from the industry for 30 working days. We could also able to learn the importance of Safety both inside and outside the site through the video screened and the Safety Practices by the Industry. From the Quality Control we have learnt the test to be carried out for different materials and works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the historical facts of past wars and armed conflicts and natural and man-made emergencies, today in the Republic of Kazakhstan one of the most important security issues is the preparation and organization of the evacuation of the population from possible dangerous zones, taking into account the emergence of new threats to the country's security. The paper presents an algorithm for constructing universal scales of the distribution function of opportunities by types of support and rebuilding them into subject scales using display functions. The purpose of the paper is to determine the integral indicators characterizing the possibility of accommodation of the evacuated population and the impact on resources during relocation. On the subject scales of cities and districts of the region, indicators of the possibility of relocation of a certain amount of the evacuated population by types of support and indicators characterizing the impact on the district's resources during resettlement of a certain amount of the evacuated population are determined. It was concluded that the use of integrated indicators allows the selection of areas to accommodate the evacuated population without the use of statistical data, in conditions of incomplete and inaccurate information. The presented method does not replace traditional methods based on classical methods of territory assessment by the level of life sustenance, but also allows their reasonable combination with the experience of specialists in this field, taking into account the incompleteness, uncertainty, and inconsistency of the initial data of the study area, which does not allow the application of existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to qualitatively explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on older adults' PA nearly 6 months into the pandemic. Approximately 230 interviews were conducted with a diverse sample of participants (22.1% Black and 10.8% Hispanic). Data were transcribed in fall 2020 and analyzed using NVivo 12. Overall, most older adults (54.6%) interviewed reported no change in their PA, often reporting that their work kept them active. Decreases in PA for older adults (42.7%) were attributed to little social connectedness and stay-at-home restrictions. The few reporting an increase in PA (2.6%) had more time available to be active, including setting goals while staying home. This data provides an insight on how COVID-19 impacted PA levels for older adults. These findings can inform tailored interventions to promote PA during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction industry has been examined as a highly unsafe industry because of more number of deaths caused by many incidents/accidents. The working sites need changes within the nature of labour, the situation of manual labour, and the mixture of skilled and unskilled workers. As the Indian construction industry remains labour-intensive, the correct harmonization between workers, artisan, customers, and workforce is required for a secure labour environment which is considerably lacking. The research has demonstrated the recognition of unsafe working conditions. And so, the underestimation of safety risk may be a widespread problem. Therefore, effective safety administration is the major thing to acknowledge and managing hazards and prioritisation to safety is a must and this will also lead to enhanced success in project accomplishment. The work was initiated by preparing a questionnaire survey among the various persons involved in this work, it paved the way to analyse and estimate their present system of practice happening with respect to safety in the real estate sector in a metro city and to ascertain the quality of output received through the questionnaire and also to quantify the data with statistical analysis. It also helps to identify the relative importance of the data and the influencing factor among the output of the questionnaire. It revealed that psychological factors as the major influencer in the safety of building sectors. It is further helped to optimize the factors influencing safety in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem Statement: In Japan, head injury in judo is a serious problem. However, to our knowledge, head injury in judo has not been investigated globally, and there is a concern that head injury may become a problem in the future. Additionally, factors that cause head injuries have not been clarified, and it seems that the All Japan Judo Federation and judo coaches do not recognize that the competitive characteristic of judo, in which a participant is thrown unexpectedly, is related to the occurrence of head injuries. Approach: We conducted an experiment in which we pushed six university judo experts at a constant speed using an air cylinder, and had the participants perform a backward breakfall. The participants performed the backward breakfall in two patterns: the closed-eye (unexpected) and open-eye (expected) conditions. Purpose: Therefore, this study aimed to clarify whether being thrown unexpectedly is a risk factor for the occurrence of head injury in judo. Results: The results showed that the maximum angular acceleration of the head was significantly higher in the closed-eye condition than in the open-eye condition. The risk of head injury was higher in the closed-eye condition, indicating that being thrown unexpectedly is a risk factor for the occurrence of head injury in judo. Additionally, delayed reaction to a push and delayed contraction of the neck muscles may be related to head injury. Conclusions: Therefore, it is important to increase the speed of reaction to throws and speed of contraction of the neck muscles to prevent head injuries in judo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Individuals at shooting ranges are exposed to high amount of lead fumes either indoor or outdoor. The shooters sprayed lead dust into the air upon discharge of the cartridge at arm’s length distance. Most of the previous studies conducted at shooting ranges focused on blood lead levels (BLLs) of exposed people and there are limited studies on the risk associated with the shooting of firearms. This study aimed to review previous studies on the hazards associated with the discharge of firearms, and safety measures at shooting ranges. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to explore the available evidence. The databases were searched using the keywords “indoor shooting ranges”, “outdoor shooting ranges”, “firearms shooting”, “lead poisoning hazard”, “blood lead biomarkers”, “permissible exposure limit”, and “safety practice on lead”. Results: The designated BLL for case definition in lead poisoning was between 0.1μg/dL - 0.49μg/dL. It was estimated that at Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). PEL of 0.5μg/m3, 95 percent of range users who are exposed to lead poisoning regularly can have BLL of

• Safety measures in human service organisations with different levels and locations nationwide are proven to be successful. • At the same time, internal and external organisational conditions might influence the focus on safety measures. • Fatal violence incidents are just one of several priority areas within large service organisations. • Maintaining a violence prevention framework over time requires priority and attention to this issue from top management. In 2013, an employee at a human service office in Norway was killed by a service recipient. Fast forward to 2021, another murder took place. As is often the case after recurring unwanted events, questions arose in the public debate regarding the human service organisation's measures to counteract violence and why it could still occur, even after thorough evaluation and efforts made to improve working conditions. This article addresses these questions by delving into safety measures and efforts within the organisation and adopting an organisational perspective on the complexities of maintaining a robust violence prevention framework over time. 82 qualitative interviews were conducted with 101 managers and employees from different organisational levels and locations nationwide, in addition to a few with employees from partner organisations. A perceived effect of implemented measures and fewer violence incidents indicate a successful initiative. Nevertheless, the focus on violence prevention diminished gradually and safety issues were not addressed in new plans for organising and developing the organisation and its services. The work against violence was also characterised by fragmentation. This decline is attributed to shifting priorities caused by both internal and external conditions. The study illustrates the importance of studying safety improvements over a time span long enough to consider whether short-term effects are lasting when faced with shifting priorities originating from institutional conditions and focusing events influencing public debate and political legitimacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionThe main purpose of this study was to investigate children's swimming competence in primary schools of districts in Vojvodina, Serbia.MethodsIncluded subjects were primary school students from first to eighth grade (N = 2,778; male = 1,454, female = 1,324; age = 10.73 ± 2.1 years). We used Swimming Competence Questionnaire to acquire and analyze their swimming experience, non-fatal aquatic events, and demographics. For the statistical analysis, logistic regression and hierarchical multiple regression were used to evaluate if the factors and SC and NFAE were associated. The analyses were carried out by using SPSS® software version 24.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA).ResultsFamilies with more income and education generally have children with more swimming competence, experience, knowledge, and skills related to water safety. First step in analysis revealed that gender (β = 0.05, p < 0.01), education level (β = 0.06, p < 0.01) age (β = 0.171, p < 0.01), and family income (β = 0.04, p < 0.01) were significant swimming competence (SC) predictors (R2 = 0.04). Age (OR = 1.15, p < 0.01) was the only significant predictor in Step 1 predicting non-fatal aquatic events (NFAE). In Step 2, variables associated with SC were swimming location (ΔR2 = 0.06, p < 0.01), swimming experience (ΔR2 = 0.16, p < 0.01), swimming accessibility (ΔR2 = 0.05, p < 0.01), and learning experience (ΔR2 = 0.03, p < 0.01) (total R2 = 0.26 to 0.47, p < 0.01). Only a minority of participants reported that they could not swim further than 5 meters using general stroke (37.15%).ConclusionNational education trainers programs must be prioritized with the primary strategy of transferring knowledge to swimming and water safety. Families with lower income must be included without exceptions. This is perhaps a key factor in preventing NFAE, increasing SC, and increasing water safety.

INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to target the current practices of the orthopaedic community in outpatient (OPD), emergency (ER) and surgical services (OT) during COVID19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study surveyed 303 orthopaedic surgeons from all over Pakistan. The survey had 30 questions targeting the setup of outpatient, emergency and operation services in orthopaedic departments of different hospitals in Pakistan. RESULT: A total of 302 surgeons were included from 53 cities all over Pakistan. Between 35-48% of the respondents reported lack of availability of standard operating procedures in OPD, ER and in OT. Majority of the respondents noted that their OPD and surgical practice had been affected to some degree and 69% of the surgeons were only doing trauma surgery. This trend was higher in younger consultants of less than 45 years of age (p

Medical safety measures are located in a complex area of medico-legal interference and social protection, involving close collaboration and a smooth flow of information and persons between courts and medical and administrative institutions. Whenever a person with psychiatric pathology commits crimes or antisocial acts, he or she can be redirected to a specialized medical service where they can be hospitalized against their will. Involuntary medical hospitalization finds applicability in the Law no. 487/2002 on mental health and the protection of persons with mental disorders, this representing the framework regulation in the matter of involuntary hospitalization. The medical security measures have a pronounced character of protection of the perpetrator and a low degree of coercion, being also ordered in the interest of those who have come into conflict with the criminal law. Through these characteristics, security measures become procedural measures. Depending on the nature of the act, the person in question may be involuntarily hospitalized under Law no. 487/2002, if the act is of a civil nature, but there are situations in which the act falls under criminal incidence, the person being investigated under Article 248 of the Criminal Code of Procedure. In such situations, there is an overlap between the civil and the criminal side, the laws can help each other or they can lead to forensic problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The food service sector was among the hardest hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to examine consumers' attitudes towards and transparency perceptions of COVID-19-related safety measures and to identify determinants of consumers' intentions and behaviour regarding visiting restaurants and bars once reopened. By also surveying food service businesses, this study allows for comparison between both target groups. A total of 1697 consumers and 780 businesses participated in this study, conducted in Belgium both during and in between waves of infections. The findings demonstrate that consumers evaluated safety measures as important when revisiting restaurants and bars, against business owners' expectations. Both consumers' revisit intentions and behaviours are influenced by the perceived importance of hygiene measures (negatively) and past visit frequency (positively). This study highlights the importance of good compliance with safety measures as a strategy to attract customers during the reopening period. Further, our findings emphasize the importance of transparent communication by food service businesses and the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no expectation to suppress all accidents in the outdoor recreation sector; nevertheless, it is expected that all possible safety measures are taken in order to minimize the risk of accidents. The objective of this study was to systematize the knowledge regarding recommended and used safety measures and risk assessments for technicians and outdoor recreation practitioners. We conducted a systematic review on PubMed, BVS, SciELO, Science Direct, ABI/INFORM, Spinger, Web of Knowledge, and Esmerald full text databases, up to February 2021. The eligible criteria followed the PICOS strategy; the included risk assessment studies on outdoor recreation (according to its definition) had methodological quality, were indexed, and peer reviewed. Ten studies, from ten countries, fulfilled these specifications, which focused on different approaches. Five studies focused on risk perception, four studies focused on safety practices, injuries, and risk assessment; three studies addressed safe behaviors; two studies addressed equipment- and risk matrix-related themes. We concluded that there was a concern for this topic, and the 28 mentioned measures could provide important information regarding health and prevention. These measures could be used to develop safety strategies and risk reduction, aimed at reducing accidents in outdoor recreation activities. In order to evaluate the pertinence and importance of the mentioned measures, namely risk perception, safe practices, sport injuries, risk analysis, safe behaviors, as well as equipment and risk assessment matrices, further investigation is needed using experimental or observational designs. These strategies and procedures can contribute to enhanced interventions by technicians with higher security and quality, and therefore, improved well-being and satisfaction of practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, falling from heights has been reported as the primary cause of fatalities within the Australian construction industry. While there is substantial literature exploring safety and human error in an attempt to decrease the occurrences of accidents through the implementation of organizational and physical hazard-related strategies, little attention has been brought towards the impact of psychological distress on the relationship between human error and safety measures. Therefore, this article aims at examining the relationship between safety measures and human error with the objective of identifying the impact of psychological distress among workers working at heights within the construction industry on the relationship. This study found that human error can occur as a result of psychological distress and therefore provides a foundation for future research to explore whether proper implementation of psychological safety measures could decrease the occurrence of human failures and accidents when working at heights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The continued explosive spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 worldwide is a crucial problem for all countries. Even though it is becoming increasingly difficult to stop the spread of the virus according to the World Health Organisation, countries need to enforce strict measures to minimise its effects. This study attempts to assess the awareness and compliance of the local population for following the precautionary measures against. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at different districts of Majmaah city, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey study was carried out at different districts of Majmaah city, Saudi Arabia, and 502 individual's respondents were included in the study. Data were collected using a self-↱administered questionnaire for noting compliance towards protective measures. All participants were informed about the nature of the study and given an informed consent form. Data were collected and analysed using SPSS@ 25 (SPSS Version 25.0. Armonk, Newyork: IBM Corp). Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. t-test was applied to compare mean scores.Results: There were 502 people who participated in this study, among them 260 (51.8%) were males and 242 (48.2%) females. This study highlighted that the population awareness was good and residents showed strong commitment towards coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) precautionary measures. The overall mean scores for awareness and commitment levels were 6.68 ± 1.04 and 4.00 ± 1.13. Conclusions: Most participants in the study had a positive perception of COVID-19 prevention and control. Residents of Saudi Arabia responded well to the threat imposed by COVID-19 and are following their government and health regulatory body's instructions. It is therefore suggested that this would also be a valuable resource for policymakers of Saudi Arabia

Introduction: The women healthcare workers, besides their role in the promotion, prevention, and protection of health for their patients, are exposed to different types of occupational risk at the workplace. The aim of this study was to explore the types of occupational risk encountered by the women healthcare workers and to assess the health and safety measures implemented for the women healthcare workers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among one hundred women healthcare workers in Aizawl district, Mizoram, India. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the respondents' demographic profile, workplace risks, and safety measures. The Work Safety Scale was used to measure the safety measures and was reframed to suit the study's context and person correlation was calculated. Results: The results show that women healthcare workers experience a greater number of physical risks at the workplace i.e., back pain, headache, eye problem, loss of appetite and needle syringe injuries which is followed by psychosocial (anxiety, insomnia, abuse by patients, low self-esteem and depression) and reproductive risks (irregular menstrual cycle, stillbirth, low birth weight and cervical cancer). The health and safety measures implemented for the healthcare workers are satisfied with an average mean score of 3.64. The study revealed that no clear regulations and recommendations on safety measures have been developed by healthcare settings. Conclusion: The study concluded that better regulation is needed, required to protect and safeguard the physical, psychological, and reproductive risks that women healthcare professionals encounter at the workplace.

The Sīrah of the Holy Prophetﷺ is the base of guidance for a man of every age. Through study of the Sīrah in perspective of the problems of the present time proves to be a practicable solution today as it was practicable centuries ago. Corona virus has become disastrous for the whole world and has adverse on every field of the life. The experts of medical sciences have suggested a few safety measures to avoid it. But the study of the Sīrah of the Holy Prophet ﷺ tells that these all safety measures are available in the practical life of the Holy Prophetﷺ and He also encouraged His followers to follow these measures. In this situation it can be said that the experts of medical science of present time have received their results of SOPs about corona virus and other infectious diseases from the Sīrah of the Holy Prophet ﷺ and his sayings.

The study explored the association between gender and fear of Covid-19 and compliance with its safety protocols among health and non-health university students. The study sought to ascertain whether fear of Covid-19 and adherence to its protective measures would vary between male and female students of healthcare and non-healthcare university students. Using a cross-sectional quantitative research design, a convenient sample of 1119 undergraduate students selected from two universities in the Volta Region of Ghana completed self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and Mann Whitney U-test were conducted using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 and R software. There was no significant difference p = 0.14 in the fear of Covid-19 levels of male and female undergraduate students. However, there were significant differences in the adherence to Covid-19 safety measures between male and female students p = 0.01 . Lastly, fear of Covid-19 and adherence to its safety measures differed significantly between healthcare and non-healthcare students p = 0.00. Among students, fear of Covid-19 was independent of gender. However, female students are better adherents of Covid-19 safety measures than males. Also, non-healthcare students are more likely to experience greater fear of Covid-19 and adhere to its safety measures than their healthcare counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coronavirus (COVID-19) has disrupted the process of teaching and learning in unprecedented ways. There has been a shift in the way lesson presentation takes place in many classrooms. In particular, the COVID-19 safety measures (social distancing and wearing of masks) threaten learner-centred teaching in rural English First Additional Language (FAL) classrooms. As a result, there is a need to explore the impact of the COVID-19 safety measures on learner-centred teaching in rural English FAL classrooms. To achieve this aim, the study raises these questions: how do COVID- 19 safety measures disrupt learner-centred teaching in rural English FAL classrooms? How do rural English FAL teachers implement learner-centred teaching while adhering to the COVID-19 safety measures? The study adopts a qualitative research design and uses Document Analysis and Online interviews to generate data from eleven participants. Following thematic analysis, data revealed that the COVID-19 safety measures negatively impact learner-centred teaching in rural English FAL classrooms. The challenges include ineffective monitoring and scaffolding, difficulty engaging in concrete and cooperative learning, limited opportunities for creativity, and distorted communication. In response, the paper recommends various strategies to lessen the impact of the COVID-19 safety measures on learnercentred teaching in rural English FAL classrooms. These include: strengthening the home-school connection, creating a supportive classroom environment, incorporating fun activities in collaborative learning activities, and providing activities that encourage independent learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of ESTUDAM Public Health Journal is the property of ESTUDAM Public Health Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Sīrah of the Holy Prophet is the base of guidance for a man of every age. Through study of the Sīrah in perspective of the problems of the present time proves to be a practicable solution today as it was practicable centuries ago. Corona virus has become disastrous for the whole world and has adverse on every field of the life. The experts of medical sciences have suggested a few safety measures to avoid it. But the study of the Sīrah of the Holy Prophet tells that these all safety measures are available in the practical life of the Holy Prophetالله and He also encouraged His followers to follow these measures. In this situation it can be said that the experts of medical science of present time have received their results of SOPs about corona virus and other infectious diseases from the Sīrah of the Holy Prophet الله and his sayings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of Covid-19 in Europe represented a challenge both for dental health care providers and dental schools. The dental regulatory authorities provided guidance with instructions and recommendation for outbreak pandemic period that addressed to the limitation of contact with patients to only dental care emergencies and urgencies and to the implementation of strict safety measures to ensure the prevention of cross-infection with new coronavirus. Also, the opening of the most dental offices and clinics, after the closing of the emergency state, was accompanied by rules and recommendations aiming to ensure both safety and effectiveness of the dental activity in the post Covid 19 era. The dental schools faced new challenges related to disruption of dental students from clinical earning experiences, cancellation of scientific conferences, changes of plans and activities, blocking of academic contests for promotion and hiring of new academics and scientists, social isolation and psychological impacts on staff and students. During pandemic period most of the dental schools shifted to online teaching sharing high quality courses, clinical cases and problem-based learning tutorials by technological platforms, and redesigned theoretical and practical examens to allow the end of academic year. In the new context, the dental schools face challenges related to the need for redesigning of the clinical space and mixing the clinical and online dental education, the insurance of the safety of the dental students, teaching staff, and patients, the adjusting of the academic calendars, the maintenance of the academic and research activities as well as the continuity of the oral health care activities.

INTRODUCTION. Since there are many threats in the modern world, states consider the essence of security in its various manifestations. A rather extensive understanding of security should be noted, as this concept applies to multiple directions of our life. So-called SPS measures are one of the vectors aimed at ensuring safety (protection) of human life and health. The scientific literature covers rather extensively SPS measures, taken by states, which include mandatory sanitary, veterinary and quarantine phytosanitary requirements and procedures. The novelty of the study is that SPS measures will be analyzed in terms of their use as hidden barriers to international trade, as well as how often they are used when a particular sanitary or phytosanitary measure imposed by a state or maintained in force by a member of an international organization restrains or can potentially restrain export of its goods.MATERIALS AND METHODS. In international trade certain issues of the contemplated problem are regulated by Article XX of GATT, as well as by the Special Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement). Security measures reflected in the Article XXI of GATT-94 are not considered.RESEARCH RESULTS. Th author concluded that SPS measures construe hidden barriers to international trade. However, it is possible to establish "rules of the game", to agree on this problem in concluded agreements on the rules of application of SPS measures, minimizing the possibility of their unfair use. As for the EAEU law, it affects the development of international norms in the field under consideration.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The urgency of the issues dealt with in the article is based on the fact that every resident of any state in one way or another wants to be sure of the safety of all that he consumes and that the state or a number of states within the framework of an international organization are obliged to ensure this. The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is no exception, it also faces similar tasks. The article analyzes the results of activities in the sphere of decision-making on SPS measures and the framework of the international organization of regional economic integration – the EAEU.

An echocardiographic investigation is one of the key modalities of diagnosis in cardiology. There has been a rising presence of cardiological comorbidities in patients positive for COVID-19. Hence, it is becoming extremely essential to look into the correct safety precautions, healthcare professionals must take while conducting an echo investigation. The decision matrix formulated for conducting an echocardiographic evaluation is based on presence or absence of cardiological comorbidity vis-à-vis positive, suspected or negative for COVID-19. The safety measures have been constructed keeping in mind the current safety precautions by WHO, CDC and MoHFW, India.

The severity assessment of COVID-19 and transmissibility of newly emerged novel-Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) can effectively help and support to quantify the ongoing pandemic risks. Among several epidemiological measures against COVID-19 severity, the case fatality risk (CFR) assessment is an important measure to track record the overall proportion/ratio of the cumulative number of infected patients with the known outcome (confirmed, recovered, or deceased). Considering the ongoing fatality rate, several case-based preventive measures, Coronavirus protein visualization, and approaches to viral vaccine development are discussed herein. The prompt identification of high-risk entities to confront the uncertainty in the risk of death using the approaches highlighted, herein, is of utmost requirement to tackle the current COVID-19 severity. Moreover, the protein visualization available at the viral surface/ body can give further insight into the appropriate vaccine development.

The severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 syndrome infection has spread worldwide and has an abrupt effect on human, economic, and health system. The data are collected from various relevant sources such as PubMed, Infection Prevention Control, World Health Organization novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) situation update report, Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society guidelines, Society of Critical Care Medicine, World Confederation for Physical therapy guidelines, and from other Internet sources. It is observed that about 30% of COVID-19 patients with sepsis needed hospital rehabilitation, while 20% requires a home-based rehabilitation program. Based on the evidence, it is anticipated that severe and critical COVID-19 patients develop postintensive care syndrome, resulting in pulmonary disabilities, dyspnea on exertion, physical deconditioning, cognitive impairment, and mental health disturbances. Most of these symptoms may also occur in patients recovered from symptoms, or who were not admitted to intensive care unit, or in older adults with chronic health conditions, or who have been deconditioned due to mobility disability, social isolation, etc. Such patients need access to effective pulmonary therapy, functional rehabilitation, and stress management in the hospital- and home-based settings to regain their previous independence level. The evidence suggests that viruses could even survive in the oropharyngeal cavity and stool for up to 15 days after COVID-19 infection has been declared cured. The physiotherapist must take proper safety measures before managing patients at home; a virtual care therapy is therefore highly recommended. Due to the increasing demands of hospital beds, the patients may need to be discharged earlier than expected. Rehabilitation act as adjuvant therapy in preparing patients for discharges, reducing the experience of disability, and ensuring the quality of treatment among recovered/discharged COVID-19 patients in hospital- or home-based settings.

Abstract Background Herniation of the cervical disk material results in interruption of the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) in the majority of patients. Routine opening of the PLL during ACDF is a necessary step for complete removal of all disk fragments. Objectives Safety measures during PLL opening during microscopic anterior cervical discectomy and risk-free surgery Study design A retrospective clinical case series Patients and methods The study was conducted on 145 patients. The main symptom was radicular pain. Pre-operative identification of PLL was assessed by MRI. All patients were operated upon by ACDF. We started dissection off the midline in patients with intact ligament while we used the site of disruption to start and complete dissection in patients with interrupted ligament. Follow-up was done monthly. Results Ninety-seven percent of patients underwent single level surgery. The most commonly operated level was C5-6. PLL was interrupted in 60.7% of patients. There was a statistically significant difference between median VAS in immediate, early, and late post-operative period. Bleeding was encountered in 46% of patients. Saline irrigation was a suitable method for hemostasis. Conclusion Conventional MRI is the modality of choice for pre-operative identification of PLL. It is better to use the site of ligament interruption to start sharp dissection and to start lateral to the midline in intact ligament. Sharp dissection is better with curved knife. Thin foot plate Kerrison is suitable for excision of the remaining parts. Hemostasis using saline irrigation is better and non-risky than using bipolar coagulation.

Even in the best-case scenarios, working in the energy sector is tough because of the numerous possible risks that can arise during routine tasks. Therefore, the top priority of firms’ management is their responsibilities for their employees’ safety as they undertake various roles. In this study, the researchers investigated the effect of safety measures on the safety accountability (SA) of the Saudi Arabian Aramco Company’s frontline workers. The researchers used a quantitative approach and collected data through a survey questionnaire. We applied a random sampling technique to target the company’s frontline workers. Initially, the researchers distributed 450 questionnaires and received back 242 valid samples. This represented a 53% response rate. Next, the researchers applied Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to assess the directions of the hypothesized paths. This study’s findings demonstrate that safety policy (SP), safety training (ST), safety communication (SC), safety commitment (SCT) and safety incentives (SIs) have positive and significant effects on frontline workers’ safety accountability (SA). In addition, this study’s findings provide guidelines to policy makers, government authorities and company heads to implement further initiatives that adopt precautionary and safety measures to protect their frontline workers’ lives. Further, this study’s findings show the benefits of opening avenues of research to concentrate on safety measures such SP, ST, SC, SCT and SIs in order to create the frontline workers’ responsibilities for safety accountability (SA). Finally, the empirical evidence, which the researchers obtained from the Aramco Company’s frontline workers, adds to the depth of knowledge on this subject; validates the environmental science and management literature; and provides road maps for other companies to investigate safety challenges

Because of the occurrence of severe and large magnitude earthquakes each year, earthquake-prone countries suffer considerable financial damages and loss of life. Teaching essential safety measures will lead to a generation that can perform basic procedures during an earthquake, which is an essential and effective solution in preventing the loss of life in this natural disaster. In recent years, Virtual Reality (VR) technology has been a tool used to educate people on safety matters. This paper evaluates the effect of education and premonition on the incorrect decision-making of residents under the stressful conditions of an earthquake. For this purpose, a virtual model has been designed and modeled based on a proposed classroom in a school in the city of Tehran to simulate a virtual learning experience. In contrast, the classroom represents a realistic method of learning. Accordingly, each educational scenario, presented in reality and the virtual model, respectively, was conducted on a statistical sample of 20 students within the range of 20 to 25 years of age. Among the mentioned sample, the first group of 10 students was taught safety measures in a physical classroom. The second group of 10 students participated in a virtual classroom. Evaluation tests on safety measures against earthquakes were distributed after two weeks. Two self-reporting tests of Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) tests were assigned to the second group to evaluate the effect of foresight under two different scenarios. The results indicate that teaching through VR technology yields a higher performance level than the in-person education approach. Additionally, the ability to detect earthquakes ahead is an influential factor in controlling anxiety and determining the right decisions should the event occur.

Hotels are vulnerable to health-related crises due to their communal nature of living spaces and the unavoidable contact with strangers. Consequently, many hotels have initiated safety measures against COVID-19. However, different influences of such measures on customers' hotel choice behavior are yet to be understood. Therefore, this research conducted a discrete choice analysis to reveal the relative importance of eleven safety measures including price per night and further estimate customers' willingness to pay more. This study contributes to the safety literature in the hotel context and to the practical knowledge of hotel resiliency planning after a health crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The careless activity of drivers in logistics transportation is a primary reason inside the vehicle during road accidents. This research aims to reduce the number of accidents caused by a failure of the driver in logistics transportation by incorporating an autonomous system. We propose a convolutional neural network -based architecture to recognize and classify different positions which cause road accidents. The proposed system is evaluated with the State Farm Distracted Driver Database, which included examples illustrating ten different driving positions like reaching behind and talking to the passenger, making up, safe driving, talking on the phone, clothing, checking right/left hand, right/left hand, and running the radio. The proposed approach has also been tested against recent algorithms and evaluated. Our model has obtained 98.98% accuracy compared to other types of approaches with different descriptors and classification techniques [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project titled as “A QUALITY OF HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES PROVIDED BY AUTOMOBILES”. The aim of this project is to review the health and safety provided by the corporate and also the employees’ awareness and satisfaction this management practices and work procedure. Suggestion and recommendation are given to any improve the geographical point health and safety. The sample consists of a hundred staff of automobiles product. It’s a Descriptive analysis. The participant’s area unit the staff of the corporate and contractors not enclosed. It’s done exploitation sampling. Within the study, primary information is collected through form. A structured form in line with the study’s objectives was administered to the participants. During this analysis a close analysis of the collected information has been tried as per the objectives of the analysis. Applied math tools like share analysis and Chi-square check are applied for analysing the info. This analysis reveals that there's no important association between the academic qualification and also the Satisfaction on right to refuse to unsafe work surroundings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to model and analyze road traffic accident rates in Kerala over the ten seven years, from 2011 to 2020. We conducted this research in order to draw attention to the severe issue of the everincreasing tendency of road accidents in Kerala, despite the fact that the government has adopted numerous rules and regulations. During the study period, the researcher conducted personal interviews with a number of vehicle drivers and pedestrians, and included their perspectives and feelings in the conclusion section. Accidents and fatalities are on the rise, maybe as a result of rapid growth in motorization without appropriate improvements in road safety techniques. The researcher employed Trend analysis to conduct this research and evaluate the results. This article uses Time Series Models such as Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Exponential Smoothing, as well as the software package SPSS, to anticipate annual traffic accident rates in Kerala. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The operation of commercial motorcycles has eased transport difficulties, but an increased rate of road traffic collisions, injuries, and deaths deserve attention. This study aimed to evaluate compliance with road safety preventive measures and accident prevalence among motorcycle riders in Ado-Odo Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey that employed a structured questionnaire for collecting information related to compliance to protective measures and accident prevalence. A stratified random sampling technique was used to identify respondents from 20 motorcycle parks. Also, a multistage probability sampling method was used to select 374 respondents from all motorcycle parks listed. Data analysis was done using IBM-SPSS version 25.0 Results: Of the 374 respondents, 69.0% owned motorcycles and 31.0% hired/rented theirs. Less than half (45.7%) of all riders were aware of the implications (health, financial, and psychological) of a motorcycle accident (MCA). Only 39.5% of owners and 59.5% rented/hire knew the implications (p

OBJECTIVES: To determine the visual outcome of ocular trauma in patients admitted in the ophthalmology unit. METHODOLOGY: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted after approval of ethical committee, from June 2017 till June 2019 at Ophthalmology Department, Medical Teaching Institution, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan (MTI-MMC). A total of 501 patients of either gender having ocular trauma were enrolled in study. Following informed written consent, detailed history, ocular examination and investigations the surgical procedure was carried out. A pre-designed proforma was used to record the outcome along with demographics and type of trauma, which was analyzed using SPSS V-24.0. RESULTS: In a total of 501 patients the mean age of sample was 30.5±2.2. Among 501, males were 408 (81.44%) and female were 93 (18.56%) with ratio of 9:1. Ocular trauma was more common in age of

Background: The true risk of infection after exposure to SARS-CoV-2 of healthcare workers (HCWs) in the workplace has not yet been established. This descriptive study analyzes the exposure characteristics of HCWs to SARS-CoV-2.Methods: In March 2020, at the beginning of the pandemic, a total of 58 HCWs in a regional hospital in Greece were exposed to three patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. These three index cases had taken part in an 8-day religious tour, during which 52 travelers spent 10 h every day in a tour bus. A study was made of the circumstances of the hospital exposure.Results: Of the 52 travelers in the bus, 48 contracted SARS-CoV2. None of the 58 HCW contacts developed symptoms related to COVID-19, although, 43% were exposed to a SARS-CoV-2 infected patient for more than 15 min, and 74% were within a distance of