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Surface engineering deals with the surface of the material and it was sub-discipline of materials science. Wear can be reduced by modifying the surface properties of solids by coating hard material or by use of lubricants. Friction surfacing is one of the surface coating method which gives better bonding on plane surfaces. In this work, iron plate was taken as substrate and stainless steel (SS) 304 was used as coating material. The experiment was conducted based on L9 orthogonal array. The parameters chosen for the experiment were rotational speed, axial load and traverse speed. The response values were hardness and maximum displacement in order to improve the wear, corrosion and bonding strength. The results were analyzed using Taguchi method to find the optimum machining parameters and to identify the effect of machining parameter for maximum hardness and displacement. ANOVA was employed to confirm the result obtained from Taguchi method. ANOVA was also used to identify the contribution percentage of each parameters.

Aluminium alloy AA2024 and AA6061 welding and its combinations have been consistently represented a respectable challenge for creators and expertise. The alloys 2024 and 6061 composites, especially heat-readable materials, are hard to bond by combination affixing systems. The different combination of welding, for example, AA2024 and AA6061 Alloy is a significant issue during FSW. In this article, the impact of Rotation speed; Travel Speed; and Different Diameter of Tool Pins of 2024 and 6061 alloy through FSW was examined by GRA (Grey Relational Analysis). The ANOVA was utilized to try out the preeminent significant travel speed of welding and speed of tool rotation influencing the responses. The essential and collaboration effect of data features on the ordinary responses are analyzed. The normal qualities and estimated qualities are truly close.

Additive Manufacturing is a pioneering and prevailing technology used for direct layer-by-layer fabrication of parts from a 3D computer model. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is the most common and simplest technique in 3D printing technology which engrossed many researchers, particularly those interested in its biomedical applications in custom-made implants, tissue and cell printing and the dental industry. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the bio-degradable polymers which are now being extensively used by the researchers for biomedical applications. Various research was conducted on PLA to improves its properties by incorporating the nanofillers. Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is one of the naturally occur nanofiller which is used to reinforce with PLA to improve its mechanical and biodegradability property. PLA/CNC has a hopeful probable for large-scale manufacture of green composites towards various applications, which include packaging and biomedical fields. In this research work, different samples of PLA/CNC composites were prepared with 1, 2, 5 and 10 wt% CNC as nanofillers. The thermal properties for the different samples of PLA/CNC bio-composite was studied. The results of Differential scanning calorimetry disclosed that there is a shift in the glass transition temperature and a variation in the melting temperatures. The results showed that the crystallinity of the polymer matrix got increased by the addition of Cellulose. 1% cellulose shows the highest cold crystallization peak when compared to the neat PLA. The single-screw extruder is used to obtain the PLA/CNC filament of 1.75 mm diameter. The fabricated PLA/CNC filament is fed into fused deposition modeling for fabricating 3D Printed specimens. The mechanical properties of the 3D printed bio-composites were evaluated. The results of the 3D printed samples show that there is an increase in tensile modulus for 1% CNC composites (4550 MPa) when compared with neat PLA (3030 MPa).

In the present work, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of generating shock waves through direct and confined ablation modes of plasma method of massive laser shock peening (MLSP) on surface integrity of cast dumbbell shaped and cylindrical cast specimens of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) and to compare with those of untreated CP-Ti. The MLSP is usually performed in a massively peening mode to induce uniform compressive residual stress and surface deformation across the entire specimens. After MLSP, tensile testing was carried out to obtain the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and percentage elongation. The microstructural and surface topography investigations of the laser shock peened material were carried out using digital, optical microscopy and SEM equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and XRD. The results show that laser shock peened with confined ablation make the surface of CP-Ti with improved change in microstructure, increase in tensile strength, microhardness (73.08%), surface roughness and compressive residual stresses (−420 MPa) which prolongs the mastication ability and dimensional stability of dental implant restorative materials.

Banana, Pineapple and Jute fiber were mixed with different combination of volume percentage by hand layup technique. For this investigation six types of combinations used. Banana fiber has 60% in all the combination and remaining 40% of fiber only shared with Pineapple fiber and Jute fiber for six different combinations and also each combination with three different (5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm) thicknesses. The corresponding thermal analysis such as thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of six combination fiber composites were compared for the good thermal insulator for insulation applications.

In this paper the hydraulic and thermal constrain of the plate heat exchanger is optimized to enhance the sensitivity of the heat exchanger. In the proposed method the multi objective wale optimization (MOWO) is used for optimizing the parameter of the plate heat exchanger. In MOWO the parameters of the plate heat exchangers such as, horizontal port centre distance, vertical port centre distance, enlargement factor, port diameter, plate thickness, number of thermal plates and plate spacing are optimized to achieve better sensitivity. The thermal and hydraulic drop are consider as the objective function, in which the heat transfer is enhanced and the pressure drop is minimized by using MOWO. Then the proposed system is implemented using matlab and its performance are analysed. The obtained performance proves the effectiveness of the proposed system.

In this present work, Magnesium metal matrix composites reinforced by silicon carbide were synthesized and fabricated by means of powder metallurgy process. Magnesium powder with 0, 4, 8 & 12 wt% SiC was blended in ball mill for 10 min. Then the cold compaction was done by using compression machine was compressed pressure of 650Mpa at suitable die. The sintering method was performed at 500°and 670 °C and hold time of 30 min using microwave furnace and to achieve better result to sinter the Mg metal matrix composites. The microstructure, density, compressive strength and hardness of the resultant Magnesium-Silicon carbide composites were studied. It was observed that the 12 wt% Silicon carbide reinforcements lead to the improvement in mechanical properties such as high density, high hardness, high compressive strength and high impact strength. Moreover, the outcome exposed that the density, hardness, compressive strength and impact strength of the composite was obviously higher than that of the Cast Magnesium and mechanical properties was improved with higher amount of Silicon carbide reinforcement from 0 to 12 wt%.

The major purpose of the present study is to investigate and compare the characteristics of dissimilar joining of Ti-6Al-4V with AISI 4140 Medium carbon steel using diffusion bonding process and analysis of the temperature distribution and stress intensity with the help of ANSYS software. For the diffusion bonding the joint quality is based on the process parameters like time, temperature and pressure maintained during the process. Diffusion bonding experiments for Ti-6Al-4V with AISI 4140 Medium carbon steel was carried out by varying the Pressure 5 MPa, 10 MPa and 15 Mpa, temperature 750 °C, 800 °C and 850 °C also time 60 min, 90 min and 120 min. The diffusion bonded joints of the Ti-6Al-4V with AISI 4140 Medium carbon steel created and temperature distribution were done by ANSYS.

The current investigation was, to optimize the parameters for wire cut electric discharge machining (WCEDM) of Al7075 alloy based matrix composite. The Al7075 alloy incorporated with TiO2 (10 wt.%) particles was produced by stir casting process. Experiments were carried out by selecting the various WCEDM parameters like pulse current (amps), pulse on-time (µs) and pulse off-time (µs). A Taguchi coupled desirability function analysis was employed to determine the optimal parameters with an objective to maximize the material removal rate (MRR) and minimize the surface roughness (SR). The optimum level of WCEDM parameters were obtained by a largest value of composite desirability (dG). The optimal level of parameters obtained are pulse current at 160 amps, pulse on-time at 120 µs and pulse off-time at 50 µs. Moreover, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to indicate the significant effect of parameters to the output responses. The results observed that, pulse current and pulse on-time are the most impact factors to influence the combined output responses. The contour plot indicates that interaction of machining parameters on the desired output responses.

The current investigation is, to determine the optimum process variables on CNC turning operation of Be-Cu (C17200) alloy using grey relational approach (GRA). In GRA, optimum level of turning variables can be identified by the grey relational grade as the performance index. In present work, the three turning variables were chosen namely cutting speed (V1 = 800 rpm, V2 = 1000 rpm and V3 = 1200 rpm), feed rate (F1 = 0.10 mm/rev, F2 = 0.12 mm/rev and F3 = 0.14 mm/rev) and depth of cut (D1 = 0.8 mm, D2 = 1.0 mm and D3 = 1.2 mm) and the output responses such as material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) were considered. A grey relational grade attained from the GRA was used to identify the optimum turning process variables on multi response characteristics with an objective to maximize the MRR and minimize the SR. Based on the grey relational grade, optimum level of turning variables was identified as V3F3D2 that is cutting speed at level 3 (1200 rpm), feed rate at level 3 (0.14 mm/rev) and depth of cut at level 2 (1.0 mm). The significant effect of each variable on response was determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA). From ANOVA result shows that cutting speed was the most significant factor on multi response characteristics followed by depth of cut. Finally, the verification test was performed to validate the experimental results.

An article of review formulates the fundamental standard and numerical approach of FSP. The quality of friction stir processed joint and methods can be enclosed by specialized analytical conditions. An audit about the use of reaction surface technique (RSM) in the advancement of systematic strategies is introduced. The hypothetical standards of RSM and ventures for its purpose are portrayed to explain peruses with this multivariate measurable method. Even the test plans like central composite design, three-level factorial and Box-Behnken) are thought about as far as qualities and productivity. Besides, ongoing references of their uses in friction stir processing are exhibited. The applying of multi response optimization attractive quality capacities in RSM and the utilization of artificial neural networks are additionally examined.

This work calculates the flow of stress of deforming metal as a function of temperature, strain and strain rate using a hybrid adaptive genetic algorithm and cuckoo search (ANN-AGCS) model. The flow behavior of material and the temperature variations in hot upsetting process are predicted by using the finite element analysis. To record the hot deformation performance through the force displacement. In this model to perform a hot non isothermal forging of a low carbon steel. A good decision is done between the predicted data and the measured results.

The DMR249A steel is uniquely developed by a high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel. In India, the steel is being used for the construction of Indian Aircraft Carrier and other shipyards. Develop the depth of penetration (DOP) and achieve in a single pass for gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. The GTAW process is called activated flux gas tungsten arc welding (A-GTAW). Response surface methodology (RSM) and Taguchi technique are used for Design of experiments (DOE) approach. Depth of penetration in a single pass to optimize the welding parameters. The current, torch speed and arc gap are considered as an input variable. The DOP was considered as the response variable. To develop both optimization technique depends on the process parameters. To identified optimum process parameters were validated by bead on plate experiments. The RSM (D-optimal) and Taguchi optimization technique the DOP values are measured and predicted to the RMS error. Thus, RSM (D-optimal) was observed to predict optimized welding process parameters for achieving maximum DOP with better accuracy during A-GTAW process.

This paper discusses about the analysis of 49″ Earth Movers lock ring. This lock ring is made up of medium carbon steel (S43C) where the carbon present in the percentage of 0.4–0.46. Lock rings is the final piece of the assembly of Wheel and it holds the all components of the Wheel such as Flanges, Bead seat Ring, Rim base & Gutter. In order to work properly, the lock ring requires proper mating parts, so you must always ensure that the correct gutter section and bead seat band are used. In the 49″ inch EM Lock ring Stiffness is quite less due to diameter is large. While more than 4–5 times the lock ring is dissemble and assemble stiffness of the ring is reduced as result as air is being leak from the tire. To prevent this issue, it is planned to do the heat treatment analysis for the ring. By doing Hardening process the mechanical properties of the material is altered. The metal is heated up to 200 °C for 150 min then the metal is exposed to atmosphere for cooling process. After the Hardening process materials properties are checked by using Ansys Software. As the result of material stiffness is improved & have an ability to withstand for 10–15 times of assemble & dissemble.

In this research, Electric Discharge Machining parameters current, pulse on time and voltage were optimized for machining Aluminium7075-8%SiC composites. The composites were fabricated by stir casting route. The experiments were designed and carried out as per design of experiments approach using L9 Orthogonal Array. The response values selected in this research were surface roughness and material removal rate (MRR). Taguchi optimization technique was employed to identify the optimum parameter for minimum surface roughness and maximum MRR. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to determine the ultimate contributing parameter for the response values. From this study, the optimum parameter for lower surface roughness was A3B2C1 and for higher MRR was A2B1C2.

Magnesium metal matrix composites are extremely attractive for application of light and strong materials in various industries. In the present work, Magnesium matrix composites reinforced by Al2O3 with different weight percent of particles were synthesized and fabricated by means of Stir casting process. The property of Al2O3 particle content with different weight percent of particles on the mechanical properties of the composites such as density, porosity, hardness and tensile strength were investigated. The microstructures of magnesium metal matrix composites were studied using scanning electron microscope. It showed the uniform distribution of Al2O3 in Mg metal matrix composites and bonded to the composites. The results show that the hardness and the tensile strength of the composites increased with increasing weight fraction of Al2O3 particles.

In the 21st century, the application of carbon nanotubes reinforced composite develop and offer the high specific stiffness and strength. In exacting, the outstanding properties of Carbon Nanotube have low density, elevated elastic modulus, excellent electrical and thermal properties suggest the progress of CNTs reinforced composites. The fabrication of CNTs reinforced composites based on interfacial relationships between carbon nanotubes and the matrix material it acting homogeneous distribution of CNTs in a matrix material. This paper showed a detailed report of process and properties of CNTs and their composites. We study the literature work on the processing and properties of CNTs in addition to development of mechanical and electrical properties of CNTs reinforced composites.

Most of the 'oil refineries' severally pollutes the water resources by depleting their untreated waste water like cooling water, storm water and unsanitary sewage water. These wastewaters are to be treated with high care to protect the human, pebbles, plants, fish and other water animals and from harmful effects. The present study focused to treat the oil refinery wastewater by means of Multi wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) coated Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) membrane. The main objectives are: to increases the life of filter, reduce the percolation flux and reduce the formation of antifouling in the filter by using MWCNT composite membrane in it. Different process parameters of the proposed water treatment process, like diameter of MWCNT (15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm and 30 nm), operating pressure (3 bar, 4 bar, 5 bar and 6 bar), pH value (3, 5, 7 and 9) and temperature (25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C and 40 °C) temperature. Taguchi statistical technique is employed for designing experiments and for optimizing the process parameters of wastewater treatment process of an oil refinery. The proposed filter for wastewater treatment exhibited appreciable performance in removal rate of Percolation flux, percentage of chemical oxygen demand removal and percentage of total carbolic rejection as 27.2 kg/m

Occupancy of waste micro plastic particles in the beach sand is found hazardous sea livings as well as creates the environmental issues. Many research attempts have been made to short out them. This investigation focuses on utilizing such micro plastic to produce cost effective ABS plasticproducts including toys manufacturing. The screened out micro plastic particles were chemically refined to obtain the pro form of Polypropylene (PP) and Polystyrene (PS) and then they used (10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%and 25 wt%) with raw ABS plastic and prepared billets by injection moulding. The moulding parameters like melting temperature (230 °C, 240 °C, 250 °C and 260 °C), injection pressure (1300 bar, 1400 bar, 1500 bar and 1600 bar) and injection time (0.4s, 0.8s, 1.2s and 1.6s) to maximize the Impact, tensile and flexural strengths of proposed plastic with Taguchi method. The results reveal that 25% micro plastic reinforced specimen prepared at 250 °C, 1400 bar and 1.6s, is outperformed.

Poor proteolytic resistance, toxicity and salt/serum sensitivity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) limits their practical clinical application. Here, to overcome these drawbacks of AMPs and develop novel antimicrobial agents, a series of small molecules based on a triazine-piperazine-triazine scaffold that mimic the cationic amphipathic structure of AMPs were synthesized and evaluated their potential as a new class of antimicrobial agents. All designed compounds showed strong antimicrobial activity and negligible hemolytic activity. Particularly, five compounds (9, 11, 12, 15, and 16) presented excellent cell selectivity with proteolytic resistance, salt/serum stability and anti-inflammatory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. These five compounds exhibited similar or 2-4 fold higher antimicrobial activity than melittin against six antibiotic-resistant bacteria tested. Similar to the intracellular-targeting AMP, buforin-2, these compounds displayed an intracellular mode of antimicrobial action. These compounds showed potent biofilm inhibitory and eradicating activities against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA). Additionally, these compounds displayed synergistic or additive effects when combined with selected clinically used antibiotics. Furthermore, these compounds have been proven to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine release by directly binding to LPS and blocking the interaction between LPS and CD14/TLR4 receptor in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of the designed compounds as a novel class of multifunctional antimicrobial agents to combat bacterial infection.

The present study explores a facile and novel lucrative synthetic strategy to fabricate zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) and silver (Ag)/ZnO nanocomposites (NCs) via Withania somnifera root extract. The bending and stretching vibrations for ZnO and Ag/ZnO NCs were probed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses were showed that the synthesized nanomaterials were spherical with reduced size and an average dimension of about ~ 20 nm. The crystalline structure of the as-synthesized nanomaterials was characterized using X-ray diffraction studies. Elemental analysis of the fabricated NCs was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence studies. The synthesized ZnO and Ag/ZnO NCs have been examined for their catalytic activity toward anthropogenic pollutants such methyl orange (MO), methyl violet (MV), and malachite green (MG). The results portrayed that the Ag/ZnO NCs showed enhanced catalytic activity than ZnO NPs with degradation efficiency of 95, 88, and 97% in 6 min, 6 min, and 8 min for MO, MV, and MG. The enhanced catalytic property may be due to Ag ions' combined effect on ZnO NPs, which results in the high electron transfer efficiency between the donor and the acceptor molecule. Hence, the fascinating finding in the current research is that the synthesized nanomaterials act as a potent nanocatalyst to clear up various environmental issues.

The present study aimed to evaluate the microplastic degradation efficiency of bacterial isolates collected from Vaigai River, Madurai, India. The isolates were processed with proper methods and incorporated in to the UV-treated polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) degradation. Based on preliminary screening, four bacterial isolates such as Bacillus sp. (BS-1), Bacillus cereus (BC), Bacillus sp. (BS-2), and Bacillus paramycoides (BP) were proceed to further degradation experiment for 21 days. The microplastics were filled with bacterial isolates which is use microplastic (PE, PP) as carbon source for their growth and proceed for shake flask experiment were carried out by two approaches with control. The microplastic degradation was confirmed through their weight loss, increasing fragmentations and changes of surface area against control experiments (microplastic without isolates) also confirms degrading efficiency of isolated bacterial strains through non-changes in their weight and surface area. The highest degradation of PP and PE were observed in BP (78.99 ± 0.005%), and BC (63.08 ± 0.009%) in single approach, while in combined approach BCBP recorded the highest degradation in both PP (78.62 ± 2.16%), and PE (72.50 ± 20.53%). The formation of new functional groups is confirming the biofilm formation in the surface area of microplastics by isolates and proving their efficiency in degrade the microplastics. The degradation of microplastic experiments should be cost effective and zero waste which is helpful to save the environment and the present findings could reveal the way to degrade the microplastics and prevent the microplastic pollution in aquatic environment.

The present study was aimed to assess the effect of gibberellic acids to enhance the growth, biomass, pigment, and exopolysaccharides production in Tetraselmis suecica under reciprocal nitrogen concentrations. For this study, the seven types of experimental media (N-P, NL-P/2GA3, N0-P/2GA3, NL-P/4GA3, N0-P/4GA3, NL-P/6GA3, and N0-P/6GA3) were prepared with the addition of gibberellic acids under various nitrogen concentrations. The experiment lasted for 15 days and the cell density, biomass, chlorophyll 'a', and exopolysaccharides (EPS) concentration of T. suecica were estimated for every 3 days. Then the EPS was subjected to the analyses of chemical (carbohydrate, protein, sulfate, and uronic acid), and antioxidant activity. In addition, nutrient removal efficiency was evaluated using different concentration of EPS. The highest DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) (86.7 ± 0.95%) and hydroxyl radical activity (85.7 ± 2.48%) were observed at the EPS concentrations 2.5 and 1.2 mg/mL, respectively. The immobilized magnetic Fe

Electric erosion process is generally used for processing the metal matrix composites which have more applications in aerospace, aircraft and automobile sectors. Metal Matrix composites have attractive physical and mechanical properties like light weight, high specific modulus, highest strength and thermal stability. The present review is discussed about Electric erosion process and its input and output parameters such as Pulse on time, Pulse off time, Current, etc. on the material removal rate and surface roughness of the composites. This review paper also address the principle of electric erosion process and the impact of the surface properties of the processed composites.

The biological synthesis of the metallic nanoparticle is gaining more interest, as it is more reliable and eco-friendlier. Recently, macroalgae are widely used in pharmaceutical research for their known biological activities. The green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized using UV–visible spectrophotometer, HPLC, FTIR, SEM, and XRD methods. The surface plasmon resonance peak in absorption spectra for synthesized AgNPs showed an absorption peak at 420 nm in a UV–visible spectrophotometer. The HPLC of seaweed methanolic extract showed the presence of six secondary metabolites. The functional biomolecules such as amino acids, esters, polysaccharides, phenols, alkanes, chlorophyll, protein amide-I band, protein amide II band, carboxylic group, glycosidic linkage, carbohydrate, and protein groups responsible for the synthesis of AgNPs were characterized by FTIR. The SEM results revealed a spherical morphology for the AgNPs. The XRD pattern confirms the crystalline structure of the synthesized AgNPs. Additionally, the biologically synthesized AgNPs exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against human cervical cancer cell lines and when incubated for 24 and 48 h, respectively.

Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ/CMOS-based Logic-in-Memory (LiM) circuits have nearly zero leakage power dissipation, and they are very appropriate to design low-power hardware. However, the differences in power consumption between the switching of MTJ devices increase the vulnerability of differential power analysis (DPA)-based side-channel attacks. Furthermore, the MTJ/CMOS hybrid logic circuits that require frequent switching of MTJs are not very energy efficient due to the significant energy required to switch the MTJ devices. MTJ/CMOS circuits consume uniform power if there is no switching of MTJs. In this article, we have investigated the novel approach of building cryptographic hardware in MTJ/CMOS circuits using a lookup table (LUT)-based method where the data stored in MTJs are constant during the entire encryption/decryption operation. As a case study, we have designed a non-linear bijective function of the PRESENT-80 lightweight cryptographic algorithm called substitution box or S-box and one round of PRESENT-80 cryptographic hardware using MTJ/CMOS circuits. The designs are simulated using 45 nm CMOS technology with perpendicular anisotropy CoFeB/MgO MTJ model using Cadence Spectre simulator. From our simulations, we found that the PRESENT-80 S-box circuit and one round of PRESENT-80 cryptographic hardware implemented using MTJ/CMOS circuits save up to 26% and 29% of energy, respectively, compared to the conventional CMOS-based designs at 50 MHz. Furthermore, the security of the MTJ/CMOS circuits has been evaluated by performing a simulation-based DPA attack. From our simulations, we found that the PRESENT-80 cryptographic hardware implemented using MTJ/CMOS circuits is resistant against DPA attack. Low-energy and DPA-resistant property along with high density and low leakage make MTJ/CMOS circuits suitable to implement in low-energy and secure embedded cryptographic hardware.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to incorporate a multimodal biometric system, which plays a major role in improving the accuracy and reducing FAR and FRR performance metrics. Biometrics plays a major role in several areas including military applications because of robustness of the system. Speech and face data are considered as key elements that are commonly used for multimodal biometric applications, as they are simultaneously acquired from camera and microphone. Design/methodology/approach In this proposed work, Viola‒Jones algorithm is used for face detection, and Local Binary Pattern consists of texture operators that perform thresholding operation to extract the features of face. Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients exploit the performances of voice data, and median filter is used for removing noise. KNN classifier is used for fusion of both face and voice. The proposed method produces better results in noisy environment with better accuracy. In this proposed method, from the database, 120 face and voice samples are trained and tested with simulation results using MATLAB tool that improves performance in better recognition and accuracy. Findings The algorithms perform better for both face and voice recognition. The outcome of this work provides better accuracy up to 98 per cent with reduced FAR of 0.5 per cent and FRR of 0.75 per cent. Originality/value The algorithms perform better for both face and voice recognition. The outcome of this work provides better accuracy up to 98 per cent with reduced FAR of 0.5 per cent and FRR of 0.75 per cent.

This present study is to find the outshot of nanofluid coolants for the investigation in the present scenario by the nanoparticle addition. The thermophysical properties, which contain base fluid, ...

This investigation was carried out to remove total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) in aquaculture system by employing immobilized heterotrophic nitrifying bacterial consortium. The bacterial consortium was immobilized on biodegradable and low cost, wood powder. Among the three wood powders tested, Thespesia populnae wood powder showed the highest (99%) nitrifying activity. Nitrifying bacteria immobilized Thespesia populnae wood powder at three different concentrations was applied in a 100-L tank stocked with Labeo rohita for TAN removal. The experiment tanks with the addition of immobilized wood powder were observed TAN concentration below 0.15 ± 0.1 mg/l. This was lower than the control tank without the addition of immobilized wood powder. A highest average body weight gain of Labeo rohita was observed in experiment tanks. The haematology profile in experiment tanks revealed a highest Hb and RBC count, reduction in WBC count and low blood ammonia concentration, which was contrary in control tanks. Histological study showed that severe gill damage occurred in control group, whereas experiment fishes possessed normal gill morphology. The immobilized wood powder was also applied in one hectare aquaculture earthen pond and observed a complete TAN elimination within 24 h. The present study reveals that the heterotrophic nitrifiers immobilized on wood powder could carry out efficient nitrification and thus eliminates TAN from aquaculture pond water and enhances fish growth.

In this work, Ni–Cr and Co–Cr alloys at untreated and treated conditions by laser are studied. Optical and scanning electron microscope, an X-ray diffractometer with an energy dispersive X-ray spec...

The electrical poling of piezoceramics is an essential process, to maximize their piezocoefficient prior to applications, which can significantly alter their other physical properties. In this study, the effect of poling on the properties of lead free 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 exhibiting large piezocoefficient was investigated. The sample revealed octahedral distortion induced structural transformation upon poling. The impedance spectrum displayed the resonance modes in poled state, where maximum power transmission is feasible. The polarization hysteresis loop exhibited an asymmetry with an internal bias electric field of 41 V/mm due to the field induced orientational defect. The strain measurements revealed 50% enhancement in electrostriction for the sample after poling. Additionally, the sample revealed an incremental change in bandgap due to B-site cationic off-centre displacements induced by the octahedral distortion. Importantly, the poling induced large internal bias field and the near UV bandgap of the sample facilitated the observed large photovoltaic response with giant open circuit voltage of 18 V which could open up an additional application in the fields such as photovoltaic and UV detector for this versatile compound.

The emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) have increased the need of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and smart cards that are energy-efficient and secure against Differential Power Analysis (DPA) attacks. Adiabatic logic is one of the circuit design techniques that can be used to design energy-efficient and secure hardware. However, the existing DPA resistant adiabatic logic families suffer from non-adiabatic energy loss. Therefore, this work presents a novel adiabatic logic family called Energy-Efficient Secure Positive Feedback Adiabatic Logic (EE-SPFAL) family that reduces the non-adiabatic energy loss and also is secure against DPA attacks. The proposed EE-SPFAL is used to design logic gates such as buffers, XOR, and NAND. Further, the logic gates based on EE-SPFAL are used to implement a Positive Polarity Reed Muller (PPRM) architecture based S-box circuit. SPICE simulations at 12.5 MHz show that EE-SPFAL based S-box circuit saves up to 65 percent of energy and 90 percent of energy per cycle as compared to the S-box circuit implemented using existing Secured Quasi-Adiabatic Logic (SQAL) and conventional CMOS logic, respectively. Further, the security of EE-SPFAL based S-box circuit has been evaluated by performing the DPA attack through SPICE simulations. We proved that the EE-SPFAL based S-box circuit is resistant to a DPA attack through a developed DPA attack flow applicable to SPICE simulations. Further, we have implemented the one round of Advanced Standard Encryption (AES) algorithm and we found that one round of EE-SPFAL logic based AES consumes uniform current with different input plain texts. Low energy consumption and security against DPA attacks makes EE-SPFAL logic a suitable candidate to implement in IoT devices such as RFID and smart cards.

Synchronous tracking of the bus allow the youth to engage more in their routine task more time than waiting for a bus running back of its schedule with the help of the notification and also ensuring the safekeeping of every student. Nowadays answering to need of the hour, many educational institutions started pressing more towards the efficient tracking system of their vehicles ensuring safety of their pupil. The successful tracking of the bus is attained by acquiring the geographic co-ordinates with the aid of GPS module and pass the data to a remote server using a Wi-Fi module. The uploaded data will then be made available to the client whomever it may concern, through a mobile app that fetches the information and plots the whereabouts of the vehicle. The alert system triggers the micro-controller to create a push notification from the server script after scanning the RFID tag of the student by the RFID reader indicating that the student boarded the bus to the respective authorities and the parent. The effective trailing of the bus facilitates the school authorities, parents and also the drivers to plan their routines precisely at the same time making sure of the safety of the children, right from boarding to leaving the bus. The appliance conjointly permits the management to be informed about the emergencies or complaints.

Hybrid MTJ/CMOS-based Logic-in-Memory (LiM) architecture-based circuits show high potential in designing low-power circuits by reducing the leakage power. In this work, we have proposed a novel energy-efficient and Secure MTJ/CMOS Logic (SMCL) circuits to design ultra-low-power and DPA-resistant MTJ/CMOS circuits. Similar to the existing MTJ/CMOS designs, the proposed MTJ/CMOS design also works in two different modes of clock. The proposed MTJ/CMOS designs have considerable power savings during the pre-charge of the clock. During the pre-charge phase, both output nodes are pre-charged to VDD/2, while during the evaluate phase, one node will be charged to VDD, while the other node will discharged to ground. Moreover, the proposed SMCL consumes uniform power by masking the MTJ during the write operation from the power supply, thereby thwarting the power analysis-based side-channel attacks. From our simulations, we have observed that the proposed SMCL-based PRESENT-80 cryptographic hardware has about 42% and 59% of energy savings as compared to the PCSA-based MTJ/CMOS and conventional CMOS-based implementation. Furthermore, we have also performed the DPA attack on the SMCL-based PRESENT-80 and the secret key was not revealed after 16,000 power traces.

Currently, the aluminum alloys are utilized more in level of all industries for different applications; furthermore, industries need high-strength alloys for making innovative components. For those reasons, many researchers hope to prepare hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites at various composition levels. In this experimental work, we intended to prepare the hybrid metal matrix composites such as aluminum alloy 7079 with reinforcement of ZrO2 + Si3N4 through stir-casting process. Major findings of this work, as to optimize the stir-casting process, can be to continually conduct wear test and evaluate the microhardness of the stir-casted specimens. Optimization of stir-casting process parameters is a preliminary work for this research by Taguchi tool. The chosen parameters are % of reinforcement (0%, 4%, 8%, and 12%), agitation speed (450 rpm, 500 rpm, 550 rpm, and 600 rpm), agitation time (15 min, 20 min. 25 min, and 30 min), and molten temperature (700°C, 750°C, 800°C, and 850°C). The prepared stir-casted materials are tested by wear analysis and microhardness analysis, through Pin-on-Disc wear tester and Vickers hardness tester, respectively. Wear parameters are optimized, the minimum wear rate is evaluated, and also the wear worn-out surfaces are examined through SEM analysis.