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Lateritik nikel cevherleri dünyada toplam nikel içeriğinin %72’sini içermesine rağmen, nikel ürünlerinden sadece %40’ı lateritik yataklardan üretilmektedir. Karmaşık yapılarından dolayı lateritik nikel yataklarının geleneksel yöntemlerle zenginleştirilmesi yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, asidofilik mezofilik At. ferrooxidans ve At. thiooxidans bakteri kültürleri kullanılarak Çaldağ (Manisa, Türkiye) lateritik nikel cevherinden nikel, kobalt ve demirin çözünme verimleri araştırılmıştır. Biyoliç deneyleri 135 devir/dk. çalkalama hızında ve 30 oC sıcaklıkta erlenmeyerlerde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu testlerde katı oranı ve elementel kükürt oranının lateritik cevherden metal (Ni, Co ve Fe) çözünmesine etkileri belirlenmiştir. En yüksek nikel, demir ve kobalt çözünme verimleri At. thiooxidans bakteri kültürü ile %1 katı oranı ve %7 kükürt içeren ortamda yapılan biyoliç işleminde sırasıyla %94, %83 ve %92.6 olarak gerçekleşmiştir.

Multiseptate gallbladder is a rare congenital malformation. It was first described by Simon and Tandon in 1963. A 1-year-old boy was admitted to our clinic with the complaints of intermittent abdominal pain and itching. Physical examination was normal; in laboratory tests, only liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase: 442 U/L, alanine aminotransferase: 270 U/L) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (73 U/L) were elevated. Ultrasonography (USG) showed a multiloculated gallbladder measuring approximately 41x33x46 mm in size with structures of septation with echogenic density contents. On magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), a multiseptated cystic lesion approximately 90x50x80 mm in size was observed in the inferomedial aspect of the liver. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. Macroscopic evaluation demonstrated multiple septa dividing the gallbladder into compartments of different sizes. In the post-operative follow-up, liver enzymes fell within the normal range. Multiseptate gallbladder is a very rare congenital anomaly. In most cases, colic pain and nausea are observed. USG, computed tomography, MRCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography, and hepatobiliary scintigraphy can be used in diagnosis. Cholecystectomy is preferred in the treatment of patients presenting with biliary colic. Asymptomatic cases do not require surgery; follow-up ultrasound scans are recommended. Multiseptate gallbladder should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute cholecystitis and cholecystitis, in patients with intermittent right upper quadrant pain.

OBJECTIVES: Nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) is characterized by excessive fat deposition in the pancreas in the absence of alcohol consumption. In this study, we aimed to detect a possible relationship between adipose tissue accumulation, prediabetes and diabetes. METHODS: This cross-sectional and retrospective study included 110 patients. Three groups were classified as controls, patients with prediabetes and patients with type 2 diabetes. The abdominal computed tomography (CT) attenuation measurement results of the pancreas were evaluated independently by two experienced radiologists. CT measurements and biochemical parameters were compared between study groups. The relationship between continuous variables was assessed by using one-way ANOVA. To determine the changes in the dependent variable for the effects on study groups, the independent variable was adjusted using ANCOVA. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The presence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes was correlated with a decrease in the mean Hounsfield Unit (HU) value of the pancreas (p=0.002). Age was determined to be an independent risk factor and was correlated with NAFPD (p=0.0001). When compared to the controls (p=0.041), 71% of patients with prediabetes and 67% of patients with type 2 diabetes were observed to have an increased incidence of NAFPD. Decreased serum amylase was found to be correlated with the mean HU value of the pancreas (p=0.043). CONCLUSION: NAFPD was independently correlated with both prediabetes and type 2 diabetes adjusted for age (p=0.0001) in this study. Additionally, age was determined to be an independent risk factor and was correlated with NAFPD.

The Internet has changed the ways and conditions of activism. Especially over the last three decades, online activism has been prevalently used for sharing information, connecting people, and mobilizing crowds to express their discontent. The Internet is often referred to as a new form of public sphere, which demonstrates many distinctive and advantageous features compared with traditional types of public spheres. By following public sphere theory, this study examines online activism in the context of environmental activism and aims to understand the potential of the Internet within online activism practices. The studied website “Save the Floodplain Forest” ( www.longozukoru.org ) is an environmentalist activist platform dedicated to saving the Iğneada floodplain forest. The study employed the five-dimensional content analysis scale developed by Kavada to evaluate and analyze the campaign website. The results exhibit inadequacies and point out the potential rooms for improvement for the campaign website.

Considering the fact that learning difficulties are mostly related to academic learning, and students first encounter tasks related with academic learning during the pre-school, it is critical for early intervention that the first symptoms of students with potential learning disability are detected by the pre-school teachers. The aim of this research is to examine knowledge levels of pre-school teachers about the characteristics of learning difficulties that 3-6 years old students, in the pre-school period, may show. With this aim in mind, the development of the "Test for identifying characteristics of learning disabilities in pre-school students (3-6 years)" was completed with 471 pre-school teachers and pre-school teacher candidates of the last grade of preschool education program. The research has been done in the survey model with a quantitative approach. The sample of the study consists of 291 pre-school teachers. The data have been collected by means of the "Test for identifying characteristics of learning disabilities in pre-school students (3-6 years)" and analyzed using descriptive statistics techniques. At the end of the research, it has been found that there are no statistically significant differences in knowledge levels of pre-school teachers regarding the cognitive, affective, social and motor characteristics of learning disabilities in terms of their gender, the program they have graduated from, having taken courses on special education, having taken courses on learning disabilities, the types of institutions they worked at, and their class sizes. It has been found that there are statistically significant differences in their knowledge levels about cognitive, affective, social and motor characteristics of learning disabilities according to the length of service, teaching students with learning disabilities, having inclusive students in their class, having a relative in need of special education, and teaching students with learning disabilities variables.

In order to socialize, get rid of stress and the routine of daily life, relax, and return to work more efficiently, people plan their vacation time in advance, work for this plan, save money and even go into debt. In this regard, this study aims to examine the relationship between the planned behavior levels of university students who tend to tourism activities as a leisure behavior and their motivation to participate in tourism activities and to examine which independent variables affect these two variables and how. Within the scope of the study, a face-to-face survey was conducted with 603 university students studying at state universities in Ankara, Eskisehir, and Izmir. In the first part of the study, the theory of planned behavior is introduced and explained with its sub-dimensions. In the second part, the concepts of motivation and satisfaction in tourism are discussed. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that planned behavior in tourism is affected by gender and income variables, especially in terms of perceived behavior control, and also, planned behavior positively affects the motivation for participation in tourism. As a result of the research, the fact that we have to plan and design every activity we will do in advance, due to both Turkey's socio-economic situation and the fact that the working population is in the majority, directs us to more accessible and cheaper activities. Since recreational activities are more easily accessible in this regard, participation of both university students and their parents in such activities will cause both the budget and more activities to be intertwined, not only tourism-oriented but also every month of the year, they will be able to relax, develop and rest with a certain quality and inexpensive activities. In this regard, certain stereotypes of our society should be helped to break down, and their participation in recreational activities should be provided more intensely. [Paper presented at the Future Trends in Leisure and Recreation (FTLRC22) Congress (Online, January 20-21, 2022). Note: The publication year (2022) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct publication year for this article is 2023.]

Educators, politicians, and scholars have been interested in English language education for many years. Despite the rising significance of English as a global language, there still needs to be agreement on the most effective techniques for teaching English language skills. Understanding the opinions and attitudes of English instructors towards language instruction might assist in shaping educational practises and initiatives. This research sought to evaluate English instructors' perspectives on English language education using the Q approach. Q methodology is a research strategy that enables people to rank and prioritise their ideas on an issue, allowing for a more nuanced understanding of people's viewpoints. The research included 40 English language instructors from various areas of Turkey who were asked to rate 20 English language education statements based on their degree of agreement. A survey of the literature and conversations with instructors and students were used to construct the assertions. The study's findings indicated three unique points of view among English language instructors, which the researchers named "Traditionalists," "Idealists," and "Realists." Traditionalists felt that language learning should be based on knowledge of linguistic norms and emphasised the significance of grammar and translation abilities. The Idealists felt that language study should strengthen students' abilities to communicate and comprehend diverse cultures and that communication and critical thinking skills should be prioritised. Realists emphasised practical abilities and tactics that can be used in everyday life, and they felt that language instruction should be relevant to students personal and professional aspirations. The research finds that varied opinions and attitudes towards English language education among English instructors might impact their teaching practises and tactics. The research also emphasises the necessity of knowing teachers' opinions on language instruction and the possible advantages of investigating instructors' perceptions using the Q technique. This research has practical consequences for language education policy and teacher education programmes.

This study is an outcome of the Project Preparation Course project II for graduate students in the field of Educational Sciences conducted within the framework of the TUBITAK (Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) 2237-A program to support scientific educational activities. In this course, training is integrated to student-centred and work-integrated learning was conducted. The study group consists of a total of 24 students, studying at 17 different universities. The research is structured in the form of a one-group pre-test post-test experimental design. Data collection tools are the project-based virtual learning competencies scale and the structured interview form. At the end of the project, it was found that participants expressed positive opinions about all the processes involved in the project. At the end of the project, work integrated learning based online course was found to positively impact the participants' project based virtual learning competencies.

This study has two main purposes. Firstly, to compare the different item selection methods and stopping rules used in Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) applications with simulative data generated based on the item parameters of the Vocational Maturity Scale. Secondly, to test the validity of CAT application scores. For the first purpose, simulative data produced based on Vocational Maturity Scale item parameters were analyzed under different item selection methods (Maximum Fisher Information [MFI], Maximum Likelihood Weighted Information [MLWI] Maximum Posterior Weighted Information [MPWI] Maximum Expected Information [MEI] Minimum Expected Posterior Variance [MEPV] Maximum Expected Posterior Weighted Information [MEPWI]) and stopping rules (Standard Error [SE]<0.30, SE<0.50, SE <0.70, Number of Item [NI]=10, NI=20) by calculating the average number of items, standard error averages, correlation coefficients, bias, and RMSE statistics. For all the conditions of the item selection methods, standard error averages, correlation coefficients, bias, and RMSE statistics showed similar results. When the average number of items is considered, MFI and SE<0.30 were found as most appropriate methods to be used in CAT application. For the second purpose of the study, the paper-pencil form of the Vocational Maturity scale and CAT version were administered to 33 students. A moderate, positive, and statistically significant relationship was found between the CAT application scores and the paper-pencil form scores on the vocational maturity scale. As a result, it can be said that the vocational maturity scale can be applied as a computerized adaptive test and can be used in career guidance processes.

With the conversion of Turks to Islam, it is seen that Islamic works began to emerge in the field of Turkish language. Among these works, Qur'an translations have an important place. Qur'an translations are in the forms of tafsirs (commentaries), surah tafsirs and interlinear translations. Although interlinear translations are primarily seen in the field of Eastern Turkish, there is also considerable number of interlinear translations in the Anatolian field. The fact that interlinear translations are verbatim translations is essential in that they reflect the vocabulary of their period. Although some academic studies have been conducted on these translations, there are different translations in our libraries and museums on which no scientific work has been conducted. The authors and copyist of some of these works are known, but most authors and copyists remain anonymous. Turkish translations of Qur'an, which have a unique place importance in following the historical periods of Turkish language, are also essential in terms of language studies. They are of particular importance in terms of semantic research and lexicography, as they show how the new concepts that came with the religion after the Turks' conversion to Islam are expressed. In this paper, the Old Anatolian Turkish interlinear Qur'an translation, registered at Turkish Manuscripts Department of the Library of Presidency of Religious Affairs with number 279/ 288, which reveals the richness of meaning and vocabulary of Turkish language, is being promoted and analyzed. This copy with some missing surahs and interlinear translations consists of 350 leaves in total. We do not have any information as to where, when, why and by whom the manuscript was written. This manuscript, on which no scientific study had been conducted so far, is examined using document analysis method.

Today, only people, who truly understand what scientific knowledge is and how it is obtained, are considered scientifically literate. This understanding expected in today's scientific areas is called the nature of science (NOS). This study aimed to determine the perceptions of high school students and their parents regarding NOS. In addition, the changes in high school students' and their parents' perceptions of NOS according to various variables were examined. The data of the research were collected in the second semester of the 2021-2022 academic year. The research involves students and their parents studying in high schools in Konya, a Central Anatolian province of Turkey. The sample group of the research consists of 428 high school students and 428 of their parents. "NOS Questionnaire as Argumentation (NSAAQ)" developed by Sampson and Clark (2006) and translated into Turkish by Çetin et al. (2010) was used. As the results showed, students' perceptions of NOS did not differ significantly according to gender, grade level, place of residence, and average monthly income of the family. Only in the first dimension (How do you define scientific knowledge?) was there a significant difference between parents in favor of men. However, this difference had a low effect size. On the other hand, the fact that parents with higher education had average score and the existence of a significant linear correlation between NOS perceptions of students and their parents were two noteworthy findings. From this perspective, it can be said that today's formal education process in Turkey has significant deficiencies in terms of a more advanced understanding of NOS. In summary, it is clear that the desired development has not been achieved in the perceptions of high school students regarding NOS in formal education in Turkey.

Stereotype threat occurs when educational institutions remind us of the stereotype that men are more successful in mathematics and that women's mathematics achievement is negatively affected. In this study, the effect of stereotype threat on the academic achievement of high school students was examined. In the designed experimental study, there are two experimental groups (threat 1 and 2) and a control group. The effects of two different stereotype threats were compared in the experimental groups. After the explanations to reveal stereotype threat in the experimental groups, a mathematics test was used and the "State Anxiety and Stereotype Awareness Scale" was administered at the end of the test. In this study conducted in the 10th grade of high school, data was also obtained from male students. According to the data, while there was no significant difference in terms of academic success between the study groups consisting of female students, it was seen that the academic success of the threat 1 group was higher among males. In terms of academic achievement, threat 1 group shows the greatest inequality between genders. It was observed that the state anxiety levels of female students in the experimental groups increased. According to the findings, in addition to a positive and low-level significant relationship between anxiety and academic success in female students, there is also a mediating relationship between anxiety and stereotype threat and academic success. There is no difference between male student groups. Awareness of stereotypes was low in both genders, and it was concluded that boys' awareness was higher than girls.

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the undergraduate program of the Computer Education and Instructional Technology (CEIT) Department. CEIT department is an undergraduate program that trains information technology teachers. The study group of the study, which was designed according to the descriptive research model, was consisted of 461 CEIT graduates, who were selected by using the convenience sampling methods. Three instruments were used to collect data; a "Personal Information Form," the "Pedagogical Competence Perception Scale for the CEIT Graduates," the "Technological Competence Perception Scale for the CEIT Graduates." The data collection tools were developed by the researchers. When the results of the study are evaluated it is seen that the CEIT curriculum supports the participants in the acquisition of pedagogical competence more than the acquisition of the technological competence. When the pedagogical competence perceptions of the graduates are considered, it is seen that the graduates have high level competence perceptions about "Educational Planning and implementation, developing educational software and materials, educational communication competences, security and ethics in the use of information and communication technologies during the educational process, planning and implementation of the projects." When their perceptions of their technological competence are examined, it is seen that the graduates have moderate level of competence perceptions about "ability to solve problems in relation to the hardware installation and using visual software," while they have low level of competence perceptions about "ability to use system software and security of network and system." In this study, it was understood that the undergraduate program of the CEIT department, which trains future teachers of information technologies courses, is more sufficient in terms of developing pedagogical competence and less sufficient in terms of developing technological competence in students. In this context, the contents of the courses in the CEIT undergraduate program should be updated. Additionally, some studies should be conducted in order to develop the technological competence skills of the students attending the department.

This research aimed to reveal the relationship between the "marketing tactics" used by private schools, "school image" and "parent loyalty". Participants consisted of 812 parents, whose children were enrolled to private schools during the 2019-2020 academic year in Sivas. The research data were collected using "Marketing Tactics Scale", "School Image Scale", and "Parent Loyalty Scale". For the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, correlation tests and structural equation modeling were used. The results of the analysis confirmed all the hypotheses developed in the theoretical model. Results showed that "marketing tactics" regarding "products and services", "school employees", "physical facilities", "price and payment" directly and indirectly affect "school image" and "parents' loyalty". It was also found that "school image" and "school employees-oriented marketing tactics" were perceived as the most effective predictors of the "parental loyalty".

This study is aimed to determine the microbiological and chemical quality of Feta cheeses which are consumed in Van city center. In this study, a total of 50 Feta cheese samples were used as material. At the result of microbiological analysis of Feta cheeses, the mean number of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, coliform, Escherichia coli, micrococcus/staphylococcus, coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Enterobacteriaceae, yeast and mold were found as 5.49 log cfu/g, 5.20 log cfu/g, 0.78 log cfu/g, 0.10 log cfu/g, 0.58 log cfu/g, 0.53 log cfu/g, 0.08 log cfu/g, 0.96 log cfu/g, 5.18 log cfu/g, respectively. At the result of chemical analysis, the mean value of pH, titratable acidity, dry matter, fat, fat in dry matter, salt and salt in dry matter were found as 4.38, 1.41% LA, 41.21%, 18.12%, 44.18%, 8.36% and 20.42%, respectively. All of the samples were found conforming to the standards in terms of titratable acidity. On the other hand, 8%, 52% and 100% of samples were found unsuitable in terms of coagulase positive S. aureus, pH and salt in dry matter, respectively. As a result, it was concluded that Feta cheeses examined are inadequate in terms of microbiological and chemical quality and they could pose a risk to producers and consumers. The implementation of the HACCP system based on GMP at all stages of the food chain will play an active role for food safety, public health and the protection of consumer rights.

The aim of this study is to determine the nature of the long term relationship between the BIST Gold Market Index (GOLD) and BIST 100 index (BIST). The daily closing values of both indices are obtained from the Borsa Istanbul’s official web site for the period of August 1 st 2012 to March 17th 2015. Statistical methods of the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test, EngleGranger cointegration test, error correction model, and finally Granger causality tests are used in the study. It is concluded that BIST and GOLD are cointegrated, which means that a long term equilibrium relationship exists between the two indices. The Granger causality test indicated that there is a unidirectional causality running from BIST towards GOLD for the period under investigation. In terms of short term dynamics, it is determined that the rate of the disequilibrium correction is slow at only about 2% on a daily basis. Any deviation from the long run equilibrium value is eliminated after about 50 days.

Objective: Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) is a diagnostic tool commonly used to detect significant coronary lesion. However equivocal, false negative or positive results can be yielded. Controversial findings regarding the role of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) in MPS evaluation persist. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of serum IMA in the assessment of MPS results. Methods: MPS using technetium (99mTc) sestamibi and transthoracic echocardiography was performed on 62 consecutive subjects prospectively enrolled. Exercise treadmill test (ETT) with modified Bruce protocol was used to induce coronary ischemia. During MPS performance, blood samples for serum IMA were obtained at 3 times: at pre-exercise, at the peak of ETT, and 6 hours after ETT. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to MPS results (normal, equivocal, and ischemia). Results: Sixty-two patients (23 normal, 20 equivocal, 19 with ischemia) were included. Pre- and peak-exercise IMA values were similar among the groups (p=0.706 and 0.904). Postexercise IMA values of the normal and equivocal groups were similar (p=0.733), while that of the ischemia group was significantly higher than the values of either the normal (p

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the effects of metabolic parameters and thyroid dysfunction on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: The current study evaluated a total of 115 patients, 75 female and 40 male. Physical examination and anthropometric measurements were applied to all participants. Hypothyroidism was considered at a thyroid stimulating hormone level ≥ 4.1 mIU/L. Patients with euthyroidism and patients with hypothyroidism were compared. Abdominal ultrasonography was used to diagnose non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The participants were further compared with regard to the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Logistic regression modeling was performed to identify the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and independent variables, such as metabolic parameters and insulin resistance. RESULTS: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was identified in 69 patients. The mean waist circumference, body mass index, fasting plasma insulin, HOMA-IR (p

AIM: To investigate the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and adropin in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients. METHODS: Ninety-eight AMD patients were included in the study. Seventy-eight age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. Fundus florescein angiography and optical coherence tomography were performed to assess the posterior segment details. Serum VEGFR-2 and adropin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and compared between the study groups. RESULTS: AMD group had significantly increased foveal retinal thickness, serum LDL and HDL levels and significantly decreased subfoveal choroidal thickness (P =0.01, 0.047, 0.025 and

Introduction: The most common and most important symptom in the palliative care patients is severe pain as defined "more terrible than death". In our study, we aimed to determine the effectiveness of palliative pain treatment in cancer patients with pain. Methods: Files of all patients hospitalized in Palliative Care and Support Services for Cancer Patients at Izmir Katip Celebi University Atatürk Research and Training Hospital between 29.07.2013 – 01.02.2016 has been investigated retrospectively. Patients (n=112) with recorded pain scores according to the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) from 704 patients has been included in the study. Age, gender, diagnosis, VAS scores during hospitalization and discharge of patients included in the study, used analgesic drugs and number of days in treatment have been investigated retrospectively. Results: 57.1% (n=64) of the patients were male and the mean age was 59.8 ± 14.5 years. Considering diagnoses; colorectal cancer in 15.2%, breast cancer in 14.3%, lung cancer in 13.4% and stomach cancer in 11.6% was observed. The patients were inpatient treatment the mean 13.0 ± 11.5 days. The mean VAS pain scores of the patients recorded during hospitalization was 5.2 ± 2.6 and the mean of these values at discharge was 2.2 ± 1.8. In the pain treatment of the patients; using tramadole in 82, fentanyl in 36, acetaminophen in 28 and morphine in 18 was observed. Conclusion: A significant reduction in pain scores of the patients in our study were identified with an effective analgesic treatment. Obstacles to the treatment of pain; the doctors who are lack of information about pain treatment, fears about drug addiction, the patients who hide their symptoms and ignoring to symptom control as can be listed. Symptom management is important in palliative care units and quality of life should be kept at a high level.

The percentage of students with lower academic achievement than their peers due to their socio-economical disadvantages is globally accepted as an indicator of inequality. Some students, despite their disadvantages, are as successful as their advantaged peers. The family and individual characteristics and academic experiences of these students, who are referred to as academically resilient, provide useful information to the institutions that work to increase the academic success levels of other disadvantaged students. Accordingly, this study aims to determine the individual characteristics of academically resilient students, focusing on the PISA Turkey results. In line with the OECD criteria, an equal number of academically resilient (N=214) and academically disadvantaged (N=214) students participated in the study. Students whose economic, social, and cultural index values are amongst the bottom 25% were considered to be disadvantaged, and those who performed at level 3 and above in reading proficiency were regarded to be successful. Eighteen individual characteristics measured within the scope of PISA research were included in the study as independent variables. A binary logistic regression analysis was used in the analysis of the data. The regression model created in line with the findings predicted 67 percent of the variance in academic resilience and made an accurate classification of 85 percent. In order of their power, the predictors of academic resilience are grade repetition, use of metacognitive learning strategies (understanding, summarizing, evaluating credibility), reading for enjoyment, attitude towards academic competition, self-efficacy, and the desired occupation.

This study was performed to determine preservice elementary mathematics teachers' solution performance of systems of linear equations using geometric representation, algebraic representation and transition from geometric representation to the algebraic representation and the predictive role of preservice elementary mathematics teachers' performance of different representation usage on their systems of linear equations self-efficacy perceptions. The research follows the prediction model, which is one of the relational screening models. The data were obtained by using the 'Systems of Linear Equations Self-Efficacy Test' developed by Kardes [Kardes, D. (2010). Matematik ögretmen adaylarinin lineer denklem sistemleri çözüm süreçlerinin öz-yeterlik algisi ve çoklu temsil baglaminda incelenmesi [An investigation of the processes of pre-services mathematics teachers? Solving systems of linear equations within the context of self-efficacy and multiple representations] [Master's thesis]. Marmara University. Turkish Higher Education Council thesis repository (#264144). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/] and the 'Systems of Linear Equations Performance Test' developed by the researchers. Because of the research, it was found out that preservice teachers' algebraic representation performances and their self-efficacy perceptions were at the maximum level when the number of equations and unknown variables was equal (m = n). Additionally, due to the multiple regression analysis, preservice teachers' performances on geometric representation, the transition from geometric representation to algebraic representation and systems of linear equations in R[superscript 3] were determined to be significant predictors of their self-efficacy perception. [This study was presented as a verbal announcement at the International Symposium on Active Learning-ISAL 2019 symposium.]

Amaç: Bu çalışma, çeşitli klinik bölümlerinden istem yapılarak laboratuvarımızda çalışılan HBs Ag, anti-HCV, anti- HIV testlerinin retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi ile sağlık çalışanlarının günlük çalışma ortamlarında karşılaştıkları risklere karşı farkındalığını artırmak ve koruyucu önlemlerin önemini vurgulamak amacıyla planlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarına, 1 Ocak- 31 Aralık 2013 tarihleri arasında, çeşitli klinik bölümlerden gönderilen serum örneklerinde çalışılan; 16865 HBs Ag, 16098 anti-HCV, 13758 anti- HIV 1+2 test sonucu geriye dönük olarak incelenmiştir. HBs Ag, anti-HCV, anti- HIV 1+2 tetkikleri Vıtros, Johnson&Johnson, ABD kemilüminesans yöntemi ile firma önerileri doğrultusunda çalışılmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Anti-HIV 1+2 test sonucu pozitif olan serum örnekleri, uygulanan algoritma gereğince, Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumuna gönderilmiş ve Western Blot WB yöntemi ile çalışılarak değerlendirilmesi sağlanmıştır. Bulgular: Laboratuvarımızda çalışılan kan örneklerinde % 5.9 oranında HBs Ag pozitifliği, % 2.3 oranında anti-HCV pozitifliği, % 0.3 oranında anti-HIV 1+2 pozitifliği tespit edilmiştir. Anti-HIV 1+2 test sonucu pozitif olan ve WB yöntemi ile çalışılarak değerlendirilen serum örneklerinde % 0.01 oranında pozitif sonuç alınmıştır. Sonuç: Araştırmamızda sağlık çalışanlarının HBV, HCV ve HIV gibi enfeksiyöz ajanlarla karşılaşma olasılığının hiç de düşük olmadığı gözlenmiş ve mesleki bulaş riskinin en aza indirilmesi için sağlık personelinin eğitimi, HBV’ye karşı aşılanması, aşılamanın henüz uygulanmadığı durumlarda ve seronegatif olsa bile enfeksiyonun pencere döneminde olma olasılığı da düşünülerek bulaşabilecek tüm enfeksiyon ajanlarına karşı koruyucu önlemlerin alınması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır

Özet Bu çalışmada, Afyonkarahisar ve çevresinde doğal yayılış gösteren Stachys byzantina C. Koch' nın morfolojik, anatomik ve ekolojik özellikleri tespit edildi. Bitkinin kökleri odunsu ve çok yıllık; dışı kahverengi kabukla çevrilidir. Gövdesinde lanat-villos(yünsü) tipte tüyler bulunur. Yaprakları obovat, kenarları krenat dişlidir. Çiçekleri zigomorf simetrili, infloresens tipi bileşik rasem yani panikuladır. Meyvede 4 adet küçük fındıksı tohum bulunur. Kök enine kesitlerinde dıştan içe doğru parçalanmış periderm, korteks, endodermis, floem, yassı dikdörtgenimsi hücreli kambiyum ve ksilem bulunmakta olup, öz bölgesi tamamen ksilem elemanları ile kaplıdır. Gövde 4 köşeli, peridermsiz ve öz geniş bir alanı kaplar. Yaprak bifasiyal, amfistomatik, iletim demetinin etrafı sklerankimatik hücrelerle çevrilidir. Stoma indeks oranı 0.927'dir. Stachys byzantina’nın yetiştiği topraklar tınlı, killi-tın ve kil; tuzsuz; pH orta asitli ve hafif alkali; CaCO3 bakımından az kireçli ve pek çok kireçli; azot miktarı bakımından düşük ve çok iyi; çok fakir ve zengin dereceli fosforlu; eksik ve yeterli potasyumlu; yeterli ve yetersiz demirli; yeterli ve yetersiz bakırlı, orta ve yeterli çinkolu; magnezyum açısından yeterli topraklarda yayılış göstermektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Stachys byzantina C. Koch, Morfoloji, Anatomi, Ekoloji, Afyonkarahisar The Morphological, Anatomical and Ecological Features of Stachys byzantina (Lamiaceae) Naturally Distributed in Afyonkarahisar Abstract In this study, the morphological, anatomical and ecological features of Stachys byzantina C. Koch (Lamiaceae) naturally distributed in Afyonkarahisar were determined. The roots are perennial, woody and surrounded with brown barks. The stem has tomentose and lanate-villose hairs. Leaves are obovate and their edges are crenata. Flowers have zygomorphic symmetry and panicle inflorence type. Four nutlet type seeds are present in the fruit. In root cross-section, from the outside to inward, fragmented periderm, cortex, endodermis, phloem, flattened rectangular cambium and xylem cells is located. Pith is completely covered with the xylem elements. Stem is four cornered, no periderm, and has large pith. Bifacial leaves are amphistomatic and scleranchymatous cells surround vascular bundles. The ratio of stomata index is 0.927. Physical properties of soil of Stachys byzantina is loamy, clayey-loamy and clayey, also chemical properties of it are salt-free, medium acidic and slightly alkaline pH; little by little, and much more CaCO3; in terms of the amount of nitrogen is low and very good; phosphorus grade is very poor and rich; sufficent and insufficient potassium; sufficent and insufficient iron; sufficent and insufficient copper; medium and enough zinc; sufficient quantities of magnesium minerals. Key Words: Stachys byzantina C. Koch, Morphology, Anatomy, Ecology, Afyonkarahisar

Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical, pathologic and management differences between breast cancer patients under 35 years of age and postmenopausal patients above 55 years of age.Materials and Methods: Patients who were operated on for breast cancer between November 2003 and March 2013 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were separated into two Groups according their age; Group 1 (55 years).Results: 94 patients with breast cancer, 45 patients in Group 1 and 49 patients in Group 2, were included in the study. The mean follow-up was 51 (19-121) months and 50 (19-120) months in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Stages of breast cancer at the time of diagnosis were similar between the two groups. The groups were similar in terms of rates of re-excision (p=0.42), local recurrence (p=0.34) and solid organ metastases (p=0.182). The number of oncoplastic and reconstructive procedures were higher in Group 1 (p=0.04). Regarding pathological results, the rate of grade 3 tumors, those with Ki-67>12 and triple negative breast cancer were found to be higher in Group 1. In addition, the number of patients receiving chemotherapy was significantly higher in Group 1 (p=0.03).Conclusion: Oncologic results were similar between young patients and postmenopausal patients. Nevertheless, tumor biology was found to be worse in young patients. In addition, oncoplastic and reconstructive approaches were significantly higher in young patients.

In this research, a meta-analysis study was conducted to determine the effect of student and teacher-centered practices in science lessons on students' scientific process skills. To this end, the literature related to the studies conducted in Turkey and abroad was searched. For this purpose, articles, master's, and doctoral theses published between 1999-2020 in national and international databases were scanned. As a result of the literature review, it was deemed appropriate to include a total of 100 studies in the meta-analysis. In the meta-analysis study, subgroup analysis was performed in the fields of science, publication year, education levels, sample size, application period and publication types. As a result of the meta-analysis, it was determined that student-centered practices had a positive effect on students' SPS in science lessons compared to teacher-centered ones. It was also found out that 93 of the 100 studies included in the study had a positive effect size and 7 had a negative effect size value. Of the positive studies, 6 were at the level of weak effect, 23 at the level of small effect, 21 at the level of medium effect, and 43 at the level of large effect. In light of the findings obtained, student-centered practices in science education appear to have a stronger effect on developing students' scientific process skills than teacher-centered practices.