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This study attempted to identify characteristics that distinguish approach as an attachment behavior from approach serving other behavioral systems. Locomotor approaches of 16 male and 10 female white middle-class infants to an attachment figure (mother) and to a nonattachment figure (visitor-observer) were examined under naturalistic conditions at home. (Author/JH)

A classroom activity designed to explore local culture and community development by collecting, mapping, and analyzing migration patterns and ethnicity is described. (DE)

The results of a test application of TEPPS (Technique for Establishing Personnel Performance Standards) by a Navy analyst team are described in this report. TEPPS is a general systems analysis tool which includes a mathematical model for evaluating man-machine systems. The test results are interpreted both by the system's developers and by the Naval Personnel Research and Development Laboratory. The primary considerations of the analysis are the practical utility of TEPPS' methodology and the facility with which TEPPS could be applied by the Navy user. (JY)

When differences in level of motivation were controlled, all of the previously found differences between firstborn and later born disappeared. (Authors)

Little is known about the epilepsy that often occurs in the juvenile form of Huntington's disease (HD), but is absent from the adult-onset form. The primary aim of this study was to characterize the seizures in juvenile HD (JHD) subjects with regard to frequency, semiology, defining EEG characteristics, and response to antiepileptic agents. A multicenter, retrospective cohort was identified by database query and/or chart review. Data on age of HD onset, primary HD manifestations, number of CAG repeats, the presence or absence of seizures, seizure type(s), antiepileptic drugs used, subjects' response to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and EEG results were assembled, where available. Ninety subjects with genetically confirmed JHD were included. Seizures were present in 38% of subjects and were more likely to occur with younger ages of HD onset. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures were the most common seizure type, followed by tonic, myoclonic, and staring spells. Multiple seizure types commonly occurred within the same individual. Data on EEG findings and AED usage are presented. Seizure risk in JHD increases with younger age of HD onset. Our ability to draw firm conclusions about defining EEG characteristics and response to AEDs was limited by the retrospective nature of the study. Future prospective studies are required.

Exposure to mentally ill clients is challenging because of the fear attached to it. Oftentimes, the mentally ill are viewed as dangerous, unpredictable, and bizarre, which brings fear to other individuals, including health professionals. Professional care providers suffer from common fears and apprehension upon contact with the patient. Professional stigma, which refers to the nursing students’ fears towards exposure to mentally ill patients, was explored in this study. The study utilized a phenomenological research design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among ten nursing students from a university in Cavite and triangulation of the data using interviews with clinical instructors and blockmates was employed. Thematic analysis was done using Colaizzi’s approach. Findings showed that mental illness was considered as a poor coping mechanism that results in mental dysfunction, disturbance of a normal pattern of thinking, and a point of struggle to adjust to the society for acceptance. Themes that emerged regarding fear before mental health exposure were fear of physical harm or violence, transference, and inadequacy in delivery of care. However, after exposure, the fears were observed to be minimal. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that schools of nursing which expose their students in the psychiatric ward must include briefing and debriefing of students. Clinical instructors should orient nursing students prior to exposure to the mental ward to desensitize them. In addition, emphasis on the importance of increasing awareness on how stigma affects society and the mentally ill must be given importance in order to provide efficient nursing care.

The Green River Basin of southwestern Wyoming has only recently been recognized as containing a rich rock art record closely related to Plains styles and traditions. Preliminary recording in 2002 shows that Biographic rock art is a major component at six Green River Basin sites. The Biographic petroglyphs there represent four different styles that relate to both Northern Plains and Colorado Plateau rock art, reflecting the importance of the Green River as a traders’ rendezvous and travel route throughout the Historic period. An extensive Biographic composition at the La Barge Bluffs site is the finest realisticb composition currently known in Plains rock art.

High-resolution stepped heating has been used to extract light noble gases implanted in a suite of 13 individual lunar ilmenite and iron grains and in the Kapoeta howardite by solar wind (SW) and solar energetic particle (SEP) irradiation. Isotopic analyses of gases evolved at low temperatures from the lunar grains confirm the neon and argon compositions obtained by Pepin et al. (Pepin R. O., Becker R. H., and Schlutter D. J., “Irradiation records in regolith materials, I: Isotopic compositions of solar-wind neon and argon in single lunar regolith grains”, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta63, 2145–2162, 1999) in an initial study of 11 regolith grains, primarily ilmenites. Combination of the data sets from both investigations yields 20Ne/22Ne = 13.85 ± 0.04, 21Ne/22Ne = 0.0334 ± 0.0003, and 36Ar/38Ar = 5.80 ± 0.06 for the lunar samples; the corresponding 36Ar/38Ar ratio in Kapoeta is 5.74 ± 0.06. The neon ratios agree well with those measured by Benkert et al. (Benkert J.-P., Baur H., Signer P., and Wieler R., “He, Ne, and Ar from the solar wind and solar energetic particles in lunar ilmenites and pyroxenes”, J. Geophys. Res. (Planets) 98, 13147–13162, 1993) in gases extracted from bulk lunar ilmenite samples by stepped acid etching and attributed by them to the SW. The 36Ar/38Ar ratios, however, are significantly above both Benkert et al.’s (1993) proposed SW value of 5.48 ± 0.05 and a later estimate of 5.58 ± 0.03 from an acid-etch analysis of Kapoeta (Becker R. H., Schlutter D. J., Rider P. E., and Pepin R. O., “An acid-etch study of the Kapoeta achondrite: Implications for the argon-36/argon-38 ratio in the solar wind”, Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 33, 109–113, 1998). We believe, for reasons discussed here and in our earlier report, that 5.80 ± 0.06 ratio most nearly represents the wind composition. The 3He/4He ratio in low-temperature gas releases, not measured in the first particle suite, is found in several grains to be indistinguishable from Benkert et al.’s (1993) SW estimate. Elemental ratios of He, Ne, and Ar initially released from grain-surface SW implantation zones are solar-like, as found earlier by Pepin et al. (1999). Gases evolved from these reservoirs at higher temperatures show evidence for perturbations from solar elemental compositions by prior He loss, thermal mobilization of excess Ne from fractionated SW components, or both. Attention in this second investigation was focused on estimating the isotopic compositions of both the SW and the more deeply sited SEP components in regolith grains. Several high-temperature “isotopic plateaus”—approximately constant isotopic ratios in gas fractions released over a number of consecutive heating steps—were observed in the close vicinities of the SEP ratios for He, Ne, and Ar reported by Benkert et al. (1993). Arguments presented in the text suggest that these plateaus are relatively free of interferences from multicomponent mixing artifacts that can mimic pure component signatures. Average SEP compositions derived from the stepped-heating plateau measurements are in remarkable agreement with the Zurich acid-etch values for all three gases.

LibQUAL+TM is a tool designed to measure user perceptions of service quality in academic libraries. This web-based protocol was recently completed by 20,416 participants representing forty-three universities. For the purposes of the present report these data were evaluated to address two research questions: (a) how reliable were the LibQUAL+TM scores?; and (b) what were the dimensions underlying user perceptions of library service quality? The second question focuses upon identifying the most appropriate scales to report LibQUAL+TM scores to librarians using the protocol to improve service quality.

SUMMARY A comparative analysis of the larval and presumptive juvenile neuromuscular systems among actinotroch larvae was performed using confocal laser microscopy with probes for F-actin and serotonin. Currently, there are two main categories of larval nervous systems based on the origin of the nerve fibers that innervate the larval tentacles. Characteristics of the serotonergic cells of the larval apical ganglion and juvenile nervous system have remained relatively conserved, but the structure of the secondary (hood) sense organ and the juvenile tentacles has diversified among species. Differences in larval musculature are mainly associated with differences in hood morphology. The presumptive, juvenile neuromuscular system is either integrated or separated from that of the larva based on the origin of the juvenile tentacles. Among species, the juvenile tentacles are made by remodeling the larval tentacles, developed from a basal tentacular thickening, or developed as a completely separate set in the larva. Differentiation of the neuromuscular structures of the juvenile tentacles is more diverse than their outward morphological characteristics would suggest. Importance of these larval characters is discussed in terms of current problems that exist within phoronid systematics. Evolutionary implications of these morphological characters are discussed among the phoronids, brachiopods, and related bilaterians. Overall, the integration or separation of larval and juvenile neuromuscular characters may yield insights into the evolution of lophotrochozoan body plans.

Research completed for this paper found that an optimal online learning experience should appeal to all of the learning styles of all students. This discussion focuses on how to apply Web-based tools to design courses that appeal to all learning styles beginning with teacher centered learning, moving to more active student involvement in their learning and concluding with the use of student-based teaching techniques. The author's research found that courses should include all learning styles and end with a metacognitive exercise in which students reflect on what they've learned.

In an effort to demonstrate the efficacy of automated planning and scheduling techniques for large missions, we have adapted ASPEN (Activity Scheduling and Planning Environment) [1] and CLASP (Compressed Large-scale Activity Scheduling and Planning) [2] to the domain of scheduling high-level science goals into conflict-free operations plans for Titan encounters by the Cassini spacecraft.

Samples of poly(ethylene terepthalate) (PET), 200 mm, were exposed to an energetic oxygen discharge from a decoupled plasma source, in order to modify local surface properties. Samples were placed at two distances, 13 cm and 20 cm, from the top of the discharge coil to assess the interaction between the sample and the DPS discharge. The discharge was generated at 13.56 MHz in oxygen at varying pressures of 100 –1000 mtorr at applied power levels of 250 – 1000 watts. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) from 250 nm – 900 nm was used to characterize the interaction between the oxygen discharge and the samples during processing. Atomic species of oxygen decreased and molecular species of OH and CO increased during processing, particularly with increased applied power and pressure. Surface modification was monitored using the sessile drop method. The samples showed a reduction in contact angle indicating a change from a hydrophobic condition to a hydrophilic condition with processing. Visible changes were also seen in the samples ranging from a light roughening of the surfaces at lower applied power levels to distortion and melting of the samples at applied power levels of 750 and 1000 watts, with more damage occurring at the closest distance to the discharge.

— Measurements of He isotopes in cluster interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) from stratospheric dust collector L2009 reveal anomalous 3He/4He ratios comparable to those seen earlier, up to ∼40x the solar wind ratio, in particles from the companion collector L2011. These overabundances of 3He in the L2009 samples are masked by much higher 4He contents compared to the L2011 particles, and are visible only in minor gas fractions evolved by stepwise heating at high temperatures. Cosmic-ray induced spallogenic reactions are efficient producers of 3He. The majority of this paper is devoted to a detailed assessment of the possible role of spallation in generating the 3He excesses in these and other cluster IDPs. A model of collisional erosion and fragmentation during inward transit through the interplanetary dust environment is used to estimate space lifetimes of particles from asteroidal and Edgeworth–Kuiper Belt sources. Results of the modeling indicate that Poynting–Robertson orbital evolution timescales of IDPs small enough to elude destruction on their way to Earth from either location are far shorter than the cosmic-ray exposure ages required to account for observed 3He overabundances. Grains large enough to have sufficiently long space residence times are fragmented close to their sources. An alternative to long in-space exposure could be prolonged irradiation of particles buried in parent body regoliths prior to their ejection as IDPs. A qualitative calculation suggests, however, that collisional erosion of asteroidal upper-regolith materials is likely to occur on timescales shorter than the > 1 Ga burial times needed for accumulation of spallogenic 3He to the levels seen in several cluster particles. In contrast, regoliths on Edgeworth–Kuiper Belt objects may be stable enough to account for the 3He excesses, and delivery of heavily pre-irradiated IDPs to the inner solar system by short-period Edgeworth–Kuiper Belt comets remains a possibility. A potential problem is that the expected associated abundances of spallation-produced 21Ne appear to be absent, although here the present IDP data base is too sparse and for the most part too imprecise to rule out a spallogenic origin. Relatively short periods of pre-ejection residence in asteroidal regoliths may be responsible for the curiously broad exposure age distributions reported for micrometeorites extracted from Greenland and sea-floor sediments.

LibQUAL + est un projet de recherche et developpement nord-americain entrepris dans le cadre d'un partenariat entre l'Association de Bibliotheques de Recherche (ARL) et l'Universite A&M au Texas. Il a pour objectif de definir et de mesurer la qualite des services a travers les etablissements et de creer des outils d'evaluation de qualite utiles pour la planification locale. Cet instrument a grande echelle, base sur les techniques du web a ete developpe dans le contexte des pressions constantes que les bibliotheques ont actuellement pour arriver a des evaluations/estimations basees sur le revenu. Concue initialement pour bibliotheques de recherche en Amerique du Nord, une aide de 500 000 USD provenant du Fund for the Improvement of Post-Secondary Education (FIPSE) cherche a etendre son application a toutes les formes d'enseignement superieur. L'article aborde les outils et les plans permettant de perfectionner l'instrument pendant des phases successives, incluant le test de l'instrument dans d'autres contextes culturels.

Unnumbered graphic rating scales theoretically can lead to greater score variance and thus greater score reliability. The use of Web-based graphic sliders overcomes the practical problems of administering graphic scales on paper measures: the excessive costs of scoring and excessive scoring errors arising from the tediousness of scoring done by hand. The study investigated whether graphic scales realize theoretically expected improved score reliability and how coarseness in slider scoring affects reliability. A large sample size ( n = 4,407) and diverse respondent groups were employed so that more confidence could be invested in results.

Although Web-based surveys are increasing in popularity, very little research has been conducted on the psychometric implications of using different user interfaces for eliciting responses to survey items. The purpose of this study was to compare the latent structures of responses to two different user interface response formats in a Web-based survey. Two different coherent cut kinetics taxometric procedures—MAMBAC and L-mode factor analysis—were used to examine the latent structure of responses to a survey of library service quality using an unnumbered slider-bar user interface versus a radiobutton user interface. Strong evidence was found for a pure dimensional latent structure of responses from both user interfaces, which replicated across both taxometric procedures and across multiple survey items. It is concluded that the slider-bar and radiobutton user interfaces both yield similar latent structures of survey item responses. The implications of these findings for the construction of Web-based surveys are discussed.

Musical patterns that recur in approximate, rather thanidentical, form within a composition (or body of musical work)are considered to be of considerable importance in musicanalysis. Here we consider the ``evolutionary chain problem'':this is the problem of computing a chain of all ``motif''recurrences, each of which is a transformation of (``similar''to) the original motif, but each of which is progressivelyfurther from the original. Here we consider several variants ofthe evolutionary chain problem and we present efficientalgorithms for solving them.