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Aiming at application and development prospects of following robot, a control system for humanoid 18-DOF robot supported by four wheels is designed. The system adopts the double-controller structure composed of master controller Raspberry Pi and slave controller STM32 for servo control of robot based on multi-sensor information fusion. In this control system, USB camera and two-axis pan-tilt are used for capturing images with wide viewing angles. Multi-scale template matching and Median-Flow algorithm are used for target recognition. Kalman Filter is used to fuse acceleration and angular velocity given by attitude sensor to obtain the reliable upright angle. PID algorithms are applied to the control system to realize robot’s upright angle control, speed control and turning angle control. Robot’s action adjustment is achieved by controlling its joint steering gears. The experimental results show that this low-cost wheeled humanoid robot has good self-balancing stability, anti-interference and following stability.

Early detection of cancer is of great significance for disease prevention and diagnosis. However, the levels of most cancer markers are quite low in the early stages of disease, so it is urgent to develop a highly sensitive detection method. In this study, a label-free and highly sensitive colorimetric strategy was developed for the detection of the vascular endothelial growth factor165 (VEGF165) in human serum. First, a convenient biosensor was constructed by immobilizing VEGF165 on a microplate, where aptamers bound with VEGF165 to form a complex. Then, streptavidin labeled-horseradish peroxidase (HRP-SA) combined with the complex via the interaction between streptavidin and biotin, thus catalyzing the 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and H2O2 system to produce colored products. In the presence of target, immobilized VEGF165 and target competitively bound with the aptamers, resulting in a reduction of the colorimetric signal. Moreover, the optical density (OD) signal decreased with the increase of target concentration. The strategy showed a broad linear range (0.1–100 ng/mL) and a rather low detection limit of 10 pg/mL with good precision and selectivity. Further, the proposed method was successfully applied in detecting VEGF165 in human serum. The detection results of serum samples showed that the proposed assay had a high correlation with CLEIA kits (r = 0.971, P = 0.001). It has potential for application in clinical research and diagnosis.

In recent years, clothing image classification methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have attracted plenty of attention with the increasing demand for high accuracy clothing image classification in many fields. In this paper, five different CNNs are designed to implement clothing image classification, which are the conventional CNN, the CNN containing inception module, the CNN containing inception module and residual block, two transfer learned CNNs. The experimental results show that all the networks are capable of achieving good classification, among which the transfer learned CNN have higher classification accuracy.

It has been several years that a soft transparent polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic sheet, commonly known as “soft glass”, or “crystal plate” in China and other developing countries, has quietly and gradually found extensive applications. This material has widely replaced cloth and glass as table cover in household and office, and replaced cloth as door drape in public place in China. In this study, the concentration of plasticizer used in soft glass and the migration of the plasticizer from soft glass to olive oil and porcine skin during contact were determined. The oral exposure of young children to the plasticizer from soft glass was estimated for the first time. Two exposure routes, one via ingestion of contaminated food, the other via mouthing of contaminated hand, were considered. It is found that Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the major plasticizer used in soft glass, which could leach out of the material and migrate easily to the olive oil and porcine skin during contact. A rough estimation of oral exposure for young children to DEHP from soft glass was 126 μg/person/d, which would be converted to 12.6 μg/kg bw/d and 7.9 μg/kg bw/d, for body weight of 10 kg and 16 kg, respectively. The estimated exposure dosages would not pose immediate health hazard to the children. The implications of these dosages were also discussed.

An agricultural by-product, peanut husk, was modified by a cationic surfactant hexadecylpyridinium bromide (CPB) and used as adsorbent to remove light green dye (LG, anionic dye) from aqueous solution in a fixed-bed column. Adsorption capacity of LG was significantly increased after CPB modification. The experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of bed depth, flow rate, and LG concentration on breakthrough curves. The adsorption quantity is up to 60.5 mg g − 1 from experiments. The breakthrough curves were predicted by the Thomas model and Yan model using nonlinear regressive analysis. The results showed that the Yan model was more suitable for the description of breakthrough curves. The LG-loaded adsorbent can be regenerated and reused using sodium hydroxide solution.

It is essential and important to remove dyes from solution and adsorption is considered as a promising technology for removal of dyes from solution. In this study, wheat straw was modified with polyethyleneimine to enhance adsorption capacity for anionic dye, Congo red (CR). The presence of the amine group on modified wheat straw (MWS) was confirmed by FTIR and elemental analysis. The CR adsorption onto the surface of MWS was performed in batch mode. The effects of pH, salt concentration, initial CR concentration, contact time, and solution temperature on adsorption quantity were performed. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity was reached at pH 5.0 and inorganic salt had little effect on CR adsorption. Isotherm and kinetic analysis showed that Langmuir and intraparticle model described the adsorption behavior very well, suggesting a monolayer adsorption and the rate-controlling step of intraparticle diffusion, respectively. The adsorption quantity was 89.7 mg g−1 at 303 K from L...

It is essential and important to remove chlorophenols from solution. The natural phoenix tree leaf (NTL) was modified by a cationic surfactant, hexadecylpyridinium chloride monohydrate (CPC), and applied as an adsorbent (modified phoenix trees’ leaf (MTL)) to enhance the capability to remove 2,4-dichlorophenol in aqueous solutions. Analysis of elemental composition, SEM and FTIR indicated that CPC was adsorbed on the surface of NTL. 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was selected as adsorbate and the adsorption experiments were carried out in batch mode. Effects of physical–chemical parameters such as solution pH, coexisted salt, and contact temperature were investigated. The optimum pH was 6.3 and the effect of salt concentration is not significant. The adsorption quantity was up to 188.8 mg g−1 at experimental condition. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted adequately to Freundlich and Henry isotherms, and the corresponding constants were calculated for these models. In addition, the adsorption...

Polydopamine (PDA) microspheres were synthesized by a facile oxidative polymerization method and used as a high-efficiency adsorbent for the removal of a cationic dye (methylene blue, MB) from aqueous solution. Characterizations of the as-synthesized PDA microspheres and PDA microspheres-MB (MB absorbed PDA microspheres) systems were performed using several techniques such as SEM, TEM, FTIR, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, particle size and zeta potential analysis. The effects of initial solution pH, temperature, initial concentration, and contact time were systematically investigated. Results showed the adsorption capacity at 25 °C could reach up to 90.7 mg/g. Besides, adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption behavior followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium adsorption data fitted the Langmuir isotherm well. Thermodynamic analyses showed that the adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous, and it was also a physisorption process. In addition, the possible adsorption mechanism was also proposed based on the experimental results.

It is essential to remove 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) from solution. In this research, the activated carbon (PAC) was prepared from peanut husk by (NH4)2HPO4 activation and its adsorption property toward 4-CP was presented. Several experimental factors like initial pH, common salts concentration, contact time, solution temperature were evaluated. Solution pH within 2-6 was in favor of adsorption and common salts had slight effect on adsorption quantity. The adsorption capacity was up to 89.4 mg g–1 and the process was exothermic. Langmuir model and Freundlich model were used to fit the adsorption equilibrium data and both can better predict the process. 4-CP-loaded PAC can be regenerated by 0.1 mol L–1 NaOH. It was concluded that PAC be good adsorbent to remove 4-CP from solution.

It is essential to remove 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) from solution. In this paper, wheat straw (WS) was modified by a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), to improve adsorption capacity for the removal of DCP from aqueous solutions in batch mode. Several experimental factors like initial pH, common salts concentration, contact time, solution temperature were evaluated. Solution pH within 4-9 was in favor of adsorption and common salts had slight effect on adsorption quantity. The adsorption capacity was up to 45.5 mg g–1 and the process was exothermic. Henry equation was better to fit the adsorption equilibrium data. DCP-loaded MWS can be regenerated by 0.1 mol L–1 NaOH. It was concluded that MWS may be good adsorbent to remove DCP from solution.

An agricultural by-product, wheat straw, was treated using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) to improve adsorption capacity for the removal of Congo red dye (CR, anionic dye) from aqueous solutions in batch mode. The effect of contact time, CR concentration and temperature on adsorption was presented. The results showed that it was in favor of adsorption at pH 4–5 and lower temperature. Adsorption capacity of MWS for CR is 665 mg/g at 303 K. Three kinetic models, pseudo-first-order kinetic model, pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Elovich model, were selected to fit the kinetic data and pseudo-first-order kinetic model was best. Three adsorption isotherm models, Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin, were used to fit the experimental data and Langmuir model was better available. The process was exothermic and spontaneous according to thermodynamic parameters. It was concluded that MWS be promising to adsorb anionic dye from solution.

The adsorption behavior of methyl orange (MO) on chitosan-coated quartz sand (CCS) was studied as a function of initial solution pH, salt concentration, contact time, concentration of MO, and temperature in batch mode. The adsorption quantity of MO on CCS was 45.5 mg g−1 at 293 K under the conditions of pH 4.00, CCS dosage 1.00 g L−1, and contact time 720 min. The high temperature and existence of common salts in solution were disadvantage of MO adsorption. The equilibrium data were fitted well to the Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models. Pseudo-first-order kinetic model, pseudo-second-order kinetic model, Elovich equation, and intra-particle diffusion models were used to fit the kinetic experimental data, and the fitted results showed that Elovich equation was the best to predict the kinetic process. The adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic, according to the thermodynamic parameters. It was concluded that ion exchange occurs mainly in the adsorption process. The dye-loaded adsorbent can be re...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the main parameters on phosphate removal from continuous phosphate-contaminated water by electrocoagulation based on removal rate and system energy consumption. In the experiment, aluminum and iron plates were used as alternate electrodes and experiment parameters included initial phosphate concentration, current density, flow rate, and initial pH. The results indicated that increases of initial phosphate concentration and flow rate had reduced removal rate and energy consumption. Removal rate and system energy consumption increased by increasing current density. The maximum removal efficiency of 90% was obtained at flow rate 40 mL/min. The minimum energy consumption was 0.165 kWh/m3 at flow rate 100 mL/min. With the increase of initial pH from 4 to 8, the removal rate increased and energy consumption decreased. When the pH was above 8, the removal rate decreased and energy consumption increased. The maximum removal efficiency of 92% and minimu...

An agricultural by-product, wheat straw (NWS), was soaked in 1% a cationic surfactant (hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB) solution for 24 h (at 293 K) and modified wheat straw (MWS) was obtained. Then MWS was used as adsorbent for the removal of Congo red (CR, anionic dye) from aqueous solution. The experiment was performed in column mode at room temperature (293 K) and effects of initial CR concentration, flow rate, bed depth and common salt existed in solution on breakthrough curves were presented. The breakthrough curves became flatly at lower flow rate, lower CR concentration and higher bed depth and these conditions were advantageous of CR removal from solution. There is no significant effect of CR adsorption capacity at 0.1 mol/L sodium chloride solution. Thomas model and modified dose–response model were used to fit the column data using nonlinear analysis method and the fitted results were presented. Modified dose–response model was better to predict the breakthrough curves. 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution can elute CR adsorbed on MWS in column. The results implied that MWS can be selected as an inexpensive, effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent to remove CR from aqueous solution.

In this study, phoenix tree leaves were modified by NaOH solution, and modified tree leaves (MTL) were obtained. Then, MTL were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, FTIR, and scanning electron microscopic and selected as adsorbent to remove crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solution in batch mode. FITR analysis showed that hydroxyl and carbonyl groups on the surface of MTL. The experiments were carried out to discuss the influence of significant variables, such as the value of initial pH, adsorbent dosage, and salt concentration. The results demonstrated that the optimal pH was found to be nearly 8, and coexisted salt was disadvantage of CV adsorption. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted using three adsorption isotherm models, the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich–Peterson (R–P) equations by nonlinear regressive method. The results showed that R–P model provided the best correlation, followed by the Langmuir model. Adsorption capacity (qm) obtained from Langmuir equation was 510.3 mg/g a...

Adsorption of copper ions from aqueous solution was studied by natural wheat straw (NWS) and modified wheat straw (MWS) with citric acid in fixed-bed column. The experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the bed depth, the flow rate, and the influent concentration of copper ions. The column data were fitted by the Thomas model using nonlinear regressive analysis while bed depth/service time analysis (BDST) model was applied at different bed depth. The Thomas model was found suitable for the description of breakthrough curve. The bed depth service time (BDST) model was applied to predict the service times with other flow rate and initial concentration. The theoretical breakthrough curve was compared with experimental breakthrough curve profile in the dynamic process. The copper-loaded adsorbent was regenerated using hydrogen chloride solution. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of MWS for copper ion was higher than NWS and both NWS and MWS can be reused.

In this paper, the characterization of wheat straw (WS) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) modified wheat straw (MWS) was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF), indicating that CTAB had entered into the structure of WS successfully. Then, MWS was used as adsorbent for the removal of methyl orange dye (MO, anionic dye) from aqueous solution in batch mode. The experiments were carried out by exploring the most suitable conditions including solution pH, MWS dosage, dye initial concentration, temperature, and contact time. Biosorption capacity of MWS for MO is 50.4 mg g−1 at 303 K under the optimum condition of pH of 3, MWS dosage of 1.00 g L−1, contact time of 520 min. The Freundlich and Temkin models were all successful in depicting the equilibrium. The kinetic process can be predicted well by the Elovich, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion model. In addition, the thermodynamics parameters indicated the biosorption process was...

Magnesium hydroxide-coated pyrolytic bio-char composite was prepared by chemical precipitation, and the adsorption behavior of anionic dye (directly frozen yellow) onto magnesium hydroxide-coated pyrolytic bio-char was investigated in the batch mode. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy of adsorbents were characterized. Adsorption studies were performed at different pH, salt concentration, contacting time and dye concentration. The pH value of the solution influenced the adsorption capacity significantly, and adsorption is favored of pH 6–8. Salt coexisted in solution increased slightly directly frozen yellow adsorption capacity. The isotherm data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model, and Langmuir model was better to predict the equilibrium data. Thermodynamic calculations showed that the adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process. Exhausted magnesium hydroxide-coated pyrolytic bio-char was treated by microwave irradiation, and yield of regeneration was 98 % in the case of microwave irradiated time 5 min at 320 W. The magnesium hydroxide-coated pyrolytic bio-char can be reused.

An agricultural by-product, natural wheat straw (NWS), was soaked in 1 % cationic surfactant (hexadecylpyridinium bromide, CPB) solution for 24 h (at 293 K), and modified wheat straw (MWS) was obtained. Analysis of FTIR, XFR, and nitrogen element showed that CPB was adsorbed onto surface of NWS. Then, MWS was used as adsorbent for the removal of light green dye (LG, anionic dye) from aqueous solution. The experiment was performed in batch and column mode at room temperature (293 K). Sodium chloride (up to 0.1 mol/L) existed in solution was not favor of LG dye adsorption. The equilibrium data were better described by Langmuir isotherm, and adsorption capacity of q m from Langmuir model was 70.01 ± 3.39 mg/g. In fixed-bed column adsorption mode, the effects of initial LG concentration (30, 50, 70 mg/L) and flow rate (6.5, 9.0, 14.5 mL/min) on adsorption were presented. Thomas and modified dose-response models were used to predict the breakthrough curves using nonlinear analysis method, and both models can fit the breakthrough curves. Theoretical and experimental breakthrough curves were drawn and compared. The results implied that MWS can be used as adsorbent material to remove LG from aqueous solution.

Adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was studied by natural wheat straw (NWS) and modified wheat straw (MWS) with citric acid in fixed-bed column. The experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the bed depth, the flow rate, and the influent concentration of MB. The column data were fitted by the Thomas model and Yan model using nonlinear regressive analysis, while bed depth/service time analysis (BDST) model was applied at different bed depths. The Yan and BDST were found suitable for describing the adsorption process. The exhausted adsorbent was regenerated using hydrogen chloride solution and the adsorbent was reused. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of MWS was higher than NWS and both NWS and MWS can be reused.

A citric acid modified peanut husk (MPH) was used as adsorbent for removal of neutral red (NR) and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. A batch system was applied to study the behavior of NR and MB adsorption in single and binary systems on MPH. Such studies were conducted by varying various parameters such as the initial dye concentration, the pH, the salt concentration, the temperature, and the contact time. Adsorption kinetic data were fitted using pseudo-first-order equation, pseudo-second-order equation, and intraparticle diffusion model. The process mechanism was found to be complex, consisting of both surface adsorption and pore diffusion. The effective diffusion parameter D i values estimated in the order of 10−8 cm2/s indicated that the intraparticle diffusion was not the rate-controlling step. The NR adsorption isotherm follows the Langmuir model, while MB adsorption follows the Freundlich isotherm. The thermodynamics parameters of adsorption systems indicated spontaneous and endo...

Bio-char, a by-product from the slow pyrolysis of wheat straw, was characterized and investigated as an adsorbent for the removal of cationic dye, methylene blue (MB) from solution. Elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, X-ray diffraction, and pH of point of zero charge (pHpzc) were presented. Adsorption studies were performed at different pH, salt concentration, contact time and dye concentration in the batch mode. The results showed that there were—OH and other functional groups on the surface of bio-char and the pHpzc of the bio-char was 7.8. The value of solution pH 8–9 was best for the MB adsorption quantity. Salt that coexisted in solution was not favored in MB adsorption. The equilibrium data were modeled with Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips equations. Overall, the data were best fitted with the Sips model. The maximal adsorption capacity from the Sips model was 12.03 ± 0.41 mg/g at 293 K. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated and the results show that the process was s...

The adsorption behavior of congo red (CR) on a magnetic composite (chitosan coated magnetic Fe3O4 particle) was studied as a function of initial solution pH, salt concentration, contact time, initial concentration of CR in batch mode. Change of solution pH, adsorption isotherms and their thermodynamic parameters (ΔG0, ΔH0, ΔS0) were discussed. There was little effect of initial pH and salt concentration. The experimental data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Koble–Corrigan and Toth isotherm models. It was found that the Langmuir, Koble–Corrigan and Toth models provided good correlation. The adsorption capacity of CR was obtained from the Langmuir model and found to be 42.62, 55.68, 56.66 mg/g−1 at 295, 305, 315 K, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters indicated spontaneous and endothermic process. It was concluded that the adsorption process was main chemical adsorption and the dye-loaded adsorbent can be reused by regeneration with dilute NaOH solution.

The natural wheat straw (NWS) was modified by ethylenediamine and the modified wheat straw (MWS) was used as adsorbent for removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solution. Analysis of FTIR and nitrogen element showed that amino group was introduced to NWS. A batch system was applied to study the behavior of CR adsorption on MWS. Experiments were carried out as function of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and dye concentration. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson models and Koble-Corrigan. Redlich–Peterson and Koble-Corrigan models provided the best correlation. The adsorption capacities from Langmuir model were 68.6 mg g–1 at 293 K. Adsorption kinetic data were fitted using the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, pseudo-second-order kinetic model, Elovish model and intraparticle diffusion model. The results showed that the Elovish model was best to fit the kinetic process, which suggested that ion exchange was one of main mechanism. The effective diffusi...

The adsorption of two basic dyes, namely, methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG), onto natural rice husk (NRH) and oxalic acid modified rice husk (MRH) was studied in a batch adsorption system. Factors influencing dyes adsorption such as the concentration of the adsorbate, the pH, the salt concentration, the temperature, and the contact time were investigated. The Langmuir and Freundich isotherms were used to fit the equilibrium data, and the results showed that the Langmuir isotherm exhibited a little better fit to the MG adsorption data by both adsorbents, while the Freundlich isotherm seemed to agree better with the MB adsorption. The kinetic experimental data were analyzed using three kinetic equations, via the pseudo-first-order equation, the pseudo-second-order equation, and the intraparticle diffusion model, to examine the mechanism of adsorption and the potential rate-controlling step. The mechanism of the process was found to be complex, consisting of both surface adsorption and pore diffus...

A continuous fixed-bed study was carried out by using zeolite as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of uranium(VI) ions from aqueous solution under the effect of various process parameters such as the pH the bed depth, the flow rate, the presence of salt and the initial U(VI) ion concentration. The U(VI) ion uptake by zeolite increased with initial U(VI) ion concentration and bed height, but decreased as the flow rate increased. The adsorption capacity reached a maximum at pH of 6.0. A shorter breakthrough time was observed in the presence of salt. The experimental data obtained from the breakthrough curves were analyzed using the Thomas model. The BDST model was also applied to predict the service times for other flow rates and initial concentrations. The results showed that the Thomas model was suitable for the description of the whole breakthrough curve, while the data were in good agreement with the BDST model. The columns were regenerated by eluting the bound U(VI) ions with 0.1 mol L−1 NaHCO3 solution after the adsorption studies. After desorption and regeneration with deionized water, zeolite could be reused to adsorb uranium(VI) at a comparable capacity.

This study described adsorption of methylene blue (MB) by peanut husk in batch and fixed-bed column modes at 293 K. The kinetic and equilibrium of adsorption in batch mode were studied. Nonlinear regressive method was used to obtain relative parameters of adsorption models. The kinetic process was better described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium adsorption was effectively described by Temkin adsorption isotherm. The value of qm from the Langmuir model was 72.13 ± 3.03 mg g− 1 and the diffusion coefficient value was in the order of 10− 8 cm2 s− 1. In fixed-bed column adsorption, the effects of bed height, feed flow rate, and inlet MB concentration were studied by assessing breakthrough curve. The column data were fitted by the Thomas, Clark and modified dose–response models. The modified dose–response model was best to fit the breakthrough curves at experimental conditions. FITR analysis showed that there were carbonyl and hydroxyl groups on the surface of the adsorbent. The results were implied that peanut husk may be suitable as an adsorbent material for adsorption of MB from an aqueous solution.

In this paper, the sorption properties of manganese oxide coated sand (MOCS) towards uranium(VI) from aqueous solutions were studied in a batch adsorption system. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and infrared (IR) analyses were used to characterize MOCS. Parameters affecting the adsorption of uranium(VI), such as the contact time, salt concentration, competitive ions, temperature and initial uranium(VI) concentration, were investigated. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich–Peterson models using nonlinear regressive analysis. The results indicated that the Langmuir and Redlich–Peterson models provided the best correlation of experimental data. The kinetic experimental data were analyzed using three kinetic equations including pseudo-first order equation, pseudo-second order equation and intraparticle diffusion model to examine the mechanism of adsorption and potential rate-controlling step. The process mechanism was found to be complex, consisting of both surface adsorption and pore diffusion. The effective diffusion parameter D i values estimated in the order of 10−7 cm2 s−1 indicated that the intraparticle diffusion was not the rate-controlling step. Thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption was a spontaneous, endothermic process. Adsorbed U(VI) ions were desorbed effectively (about 94.7%) by 0.1 mol L−1 HNO3. The results indicated that MOCS can be used as an effective adsorbent for the treatment of industrial wastewaters contaminated with U(VI) ions.

Fixed bed column study were carried out to investigate the performance of iron oxide-coated zeolite (IOCZ) in removal of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution in single dye system. The effects of various experimental conditions, such as the flow rate, initial metal concentration and bed depth were studied. The Thomas model, Modified-dose-response model (MDR) and the bed depth service time (BDST) model were used to fit the experimental data. The results were that MDR model was better for the description of breakthrough curves at all experimental conditions than Thomas model. BDST model was applied to predict the service times with various flow rate and initial concentration. IOCZ can be used to remove dyes from solution.

The citric acid modified wheat straw (MWS) was characterized and the adsorption properties of copper ion and methylene blue (MB) onto MWS were investigated in single adsorbate system by batch techniques. The mass loss during thermo-gravimetric analysis can be divided into steps related to moisture, cellulose and lignin. There were carbonyl group, hydroxyl group, etc. on surface of adsorbent from FTIR. Kinetic studies indicated that Cu2+ and MB adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption may be controlled by external mass transfer followed by intra-particle diffusion mass transfer. The adsorption equilibrium data were fitted well by both the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The maximal equilibrium quantity of Cu2+ and MB from Langmuir model on MWS was 39.17 and 396.9 mg g−1 at 293 K, respectively. The thermodynamics parameters of adsorption systems indicated spontaneous and endothermic process.

Natural zeolite was used for the removal of malachite green (MG) from aqueous solution in batch mode and reused by microwave irradiation. The isotherm data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson, and Koble–Corrigan isotherm model. The better fit for the equilibrium process was Koble–Corrigan model. The kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic. Thermodynamic calculations showed that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic process. Spent zeolite was treated by microwave irradiation and it was found that yield of regeneration was 85.8% in the case of microwave irradiated time 10 min at 160 W.

Adsorption of neutral red (NR) onto rice husk from aqueous solutions was investigated. Experiments were carried out as a function of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and dye concentration. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson models using nonlinear regressive analysis. The results indicated that the Langmuir and Redlich–Peterson models provided the best correlation of the experimental data. The adsorption capacities of NR adsorption onto rice husk from Langmuir model were 25.16, 29.15, 32.37 mg/g at 288, 308, 318 K, respectively. Adsorption kinetic data were fitted using the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and pseudo-second-order kinetics. It was shown that the pseudo-first-order and second-order kinetic equations could describe the adsorption kinetics. The process mechanism was found to be complex, consisting of both surface adsorption and pore diffusion. The effective diffusion parameter Di values estimated in the order of 10-9 cm2/s indicated that t...

A continuous adsorption study in a fixed-bed column was carried out by using phoenix tree leaf powder as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The effect of flow rate, influent MB concentration and bed depth on the adsorption characteristics of adsorbent was investigated at pH 7.4. Data confirmed that the breakthrough curves were dependent on flow rate, initial concentration of dye and bed depth. Four kinetic models, Thomas, Adams–Bohart, Yoon–Nelson and Clark, were applied to experimental data to predict the breakthrough curves using nonlinear regression and to determine the characteristic parameters of the column that are useful for process design, while a bed-depth service time analysis (BDST) model was used to express the effect of bed depth on breakthrough curves and to predict the time needed for breakthrough at other conditions. The Thomas and Clark models were found suitable for the description of whole breakthrough curve, while the Adams–Bohart model was only used to predict the initial part of the dynamic process. The data were in good agreement with the BDST model. It was concluded that the leaf powder column can be used in wastewater treatment.

A new composite adsorbent, iron oxide coated zeolite (IOCZ), was characterized and employed for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution using fixed bed column. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), FTIR, X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD) and BET analyses were used to study the surface properties of the coated layer. The effects of various experimental conditions, such as the flow rate, initial metal concentration and bed depth, were studied. The dynamics of the adsorption process were fitted by Adams–Bohart model and Thomas model. The Thomas model was found suitable for the description of breakthrough curve at all experimental conditions, while Adams–Bohart model was only for an initial part of dynamic behavior of the IOCZ column. The bed depth service time (BDST) model was applied to predict the service times with other flow rate and initial concentration. The theoretical breakthrough curve was compared with experimental breakthrough curve profile in the dynamic process. The saturated column was regenerated by 1 mol l−1 hydrogen chloride solution and IOCZ could be reused in Cu(II) removal.

A natural wheat straw was used as adsorbent for removal of copper and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. A batch system was applied to study the behavior of Cu2+ and MB adsorption in single and binary systems on wheat straw. In the single systems, there was no significant difference in the quantity of MB adsorbed onto wheat straw within a pH range of 4.0 to 10.0. But for Cu2+, the optimal pH is about 5. Kinetic studies indicate that Cu2+ and MB adsorption on the wheat straw follows the Elovich equation. The Cu2+ adsorption isotherm follows the Langmuir and Redlich−Peterson models, while MB adsorption follows the Redlich−Peterson isotherm. The adsorption capacities of Cu2+ and MB at 273 K and pH 5 are (7.05 and 60.66) mg·g−1, respectively. In the binary system, Cu2+ and MB exhibited competitive adsorption. The adsorption of Cu2+ or MB is considerably reduced with an increasing concentration of the other. The quantity of Cu2+ adsorbed is more strongly influenced by MB due to the higher affinity of w...

Adsorption equilibrium and kinetic of methylene blue (MB) onto natural zeolite was studied in a batch system. Variables of the system include contact time, pH, salt concentration, temperature, and initial MB concentration. The increase in temperature resulted in a higher MB loading per unit weight of the zeolite. Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson, Koble–Corrigan and Temkin isotherm models were applied to experimental equilibrium data of MB adsorption depending on temperature. The effect of contact time at different temperatures and initial concentration were fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Linear regressive method and nonlinear regressive method were used to obtain the relative parameters. The error analysis was conducted to find whether linear method or nonlinear method was better to predict the experimental results and which model was better to fit the experimental data. Both methods were suitable to obtain the parameters. The Redlich–Peterson equation was best to fit the equilibrium data. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model can be used to describe the adsorption behavior. The nonlinear method may be better with the absolute error as limited condition. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.

The adsorption of uranium (Ⅵ) on the manganese oxide coated zeolite (MOCZ) from aqueous solution was investigated in a fixed-bed column. The experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of bed height, flow rate, particle size, initial concentration of uranium (Ⅵ), initial pH, presence of salt and competitive ions. The U-uptake by MOCZ increased with initial uranium (Ⅵ) concentration and bed height, but decreased as the flow rate and particle size increased. In the presence of salt and competitive ions, the breakthrough time was shorter. The adsorption capacity reached a maximum at pH of 6.3. The Thomas model was applied to the experimental data to determine the characteristic parameters of the column for process design using linear regression. The breakthrough curves calculated from the model were in good agreement with the experimental data. The BDST model was used to study the influence of bed height on the adsorption of uranium (Ⅵ). Desorption of uranium (Ⅵ) in the MOCZ column was investigated. The column could be used for at least four adsorption-desorption cycles using 0.1mol•L^(-1) NaHCO3 solution as the elution. After desorption and regeneration with deionized water, MOCZ could be reused to adsorb uranium (Ⅵ) at a comparable capacity. Compared to raw zeolite, MOCZ showed better capacity for uranium (Ⅵ) removal.

Adsorption of Neutral Red (NR) onto peanut husk in aqueous solutions was investigated at 295 K. Experiments were carried out as function of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial concentration. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Toth isotherm models. The results indicated that the Toth and Langmuir models provided the best correlation of the experimental data. The adsorption capacity of peanut husk for the removal of NR was determined with the Langmuir and found to be 37.5 mg/g at 295 K. The adsorption kinetic data were modeled using the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intra-particle diffusion kinetic equations. It was seen that the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic equations could describe the adsorption kinetics. The intraparticle diffusion model was also used to express the adsorption process at the two-step stage. It was implied that peanut husk may be suitable as adsorbent material for adsorption of NR from aqueous solutions.

Comparison analysis of linear least square method and nonlinear least square method for estimating the kinetic parameters was made using the experimental column data of methylene blue (MB) adsorption onto zeolite at different flow rates and initial concentration. The data were fitted to Thomas model equations using linear and nonlinear regressive analysis, respectively. The error analysis was performed. Present investigation showed that the linear and nonlinear methods are both suitable to predict the breakthrough curves using Thomas model parameters and the nonlinear method is better.

A new adsorbent, the fallen phoenix tree's leaf, has been investigated in order to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. Variables of the system, including contact time, leaf dose, solution pH, salt concentration and initial MB concentration, were adopted to study their effects on MB biosorption. The results showed that as the dose of leaf increased, the percentage of MB sorption increased accordingly. There was no significant difference about the quantity of MB adsorbed onto leaf as the pH was within the range 4.5-10.0. The salt concentration has negative effect on MB removal. The equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherms. The results of non-linear regressive analysis are that the Langmuir isotherm is better fit than the Freundlich isotherm at different temperature according to the values of determined coefficients (R(2)) and chi(2)-statistic (SS). The Langmuir monolayer saturation capacities of MB adsorbed onto leaf are 80.9, 83.8, 89.7mgg(-1) at 295, 309 and 323K, respectively. Using the equilibrium concentration contents obtained at different temperatures, various thermodynamic parameters, such as DeltaG degrees , DeltaH degrees and DeltaS degrees , have been calculated. The thermodynamics parameters of MB/leaf system indicate spontaneous and endothermic process. It was concluded that an increase in temperature be advantage to adsorb MB onto leaf.

The paper studies the edge detection of infrared image. Aiming at the disadvantage of the low contrast and the fuzzy edge in infrared image, a new algorithm of infrared image edge detection based on mathematical morphology and Sobel operator is proposed. Firstly, it uses four operations of mathematical morphology with different types of structure elements to detect infrared image edge. Then, the useful details of the infrared image can be obtained and the binary image will be got after the infrared image being processed with the four operations. Finally, infrared image edge can be detected by sharping and thinning the binary image that contains the details with Sobel operator. The result shows that the algorithm presented in the paper can effectively detect the infrared image's edge information compared with the traditional edge detection algorithms. It is proved to be practical and feasible.

Mobile communication is a practical discipline competition, in line with the national education reform and development requirements. This paper mainly through the analysis of the process, form and content of the competition, pointed out that the role of mobile communication competition for college students' practical ability training, and encourage more students to participate in similar disciplines, and promote the reform of teaching practice, for the training of professional personnel to provide a way of thinking. In July 28, 2010, the State Council promulgated the "national long-term education reform and development plan" proposed to guide the rational orientation of colleges and universities, expand the scale of high ability, application, compound talents training, build a number of international famous, high level of characteristics including undergraduate and higher vocational colleges. Last year the Ministry of education and formally classified as the application type undergraduate 600 undergraduate colleges and universities, highlighting the national team of skilled personnel training attention. Mobile communication technology is a very practical subject competition. The most basic goal of mobile communication is to cultivate college students' ability of practice and innovation. On the one hand, it exercises the students' ability to use professional technical knowledge, and also provides the opportunity to practice the operation. On the other hand, it improves the students' teamwork spirit, and strengthens the communication between students and enterprises. 1 overview of mobile communication competition “Datang Cup” National College mobile communications technology competition (after the mobile communications competition) is a communications field has a dominant position in the field of college students, is a national academic and engineering innovation contest sponsored by the university students as the main participants, the contest to implement and implement the national long-term education reform and development plan for the specific action, aimed at students to create high quality professional road, for the industry selection of outstanding applications, skilled personnel! 2015 mobile communication contest is held in second times, from the past two students participating in the situation, the students signed up enthusiastically, the enthusiasm of the competition, there is a growing trend, the leadership of various colleges and universities are also given high attention and high expectations. 2 mobile communication competition for college students to improve the practical ability Carrying out college students extracurricular activities "is an important means to construct a new talent training mode which is adapted to the requirements of the times, and the competition of mobile communication has been welcomed by many students. 2.1 training students' professional consciousness In the traditional mode of teaching, the students feel bored, boring, theoretical knowledge of the teaching experiment, the students lack the ability to actively think and do, and then add the same International Conference on Management Science, Education Technology, Arts, Social Science and Economics (MSETASSE 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 1122

Locally available waste beer yeast, a byproduct of brewing industry, was found to be a low cost and promising adsorbent for adsorbing copper and lead ions from wastewater. In this work, biosorption of copper and lead ions on waste beer yeast was investigated in batch mode. The equilibrium adsorptive quantity was determined to be a function of the solution pH, contact time, beer yeast concentration, salt concentration and initial concentration of copper and lead ions. The experimental results were fitted well to the Langmuir and Freundlich model isotherms. According to the parameters of Langmuir isotherm, the maximum biosorption capacities of copper and lead ions onto beer yeast were 0.0228 and 0.0277 mmol g(-1) at 293 K, respectively. The negative values of the standard free energy change (DeltaG degrees ) indicate spontaneous nature of the process. Competitive biosorption of two metal ions was investigated in terms of sorption quantity. The amount of one metal ion adsorbed onto unit weight of biosorbent (q(e)) decreased with increasing the competing metal ion concentration. The binding capacity for lead is more than for copper. Ion exchange is probably one of the main mechanism during adsorptive process.

The adsorption equilibrium of MOCS and the Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions removal capacity by MOCS in single-(non-competitive) and binary-(competitive) component sorption systems from aqueous solutions were investigated. The equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. The characteristic parameters for each isotherm were determined. The Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson isotherms provided the best correlation for both Cu(II) and Pb(II) onto MOCS. From the Langmuir isotherms, maximum adsorption capacities of MOCS towards Cu(II) and Pb(II) are determined at different temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cu(II) and Pb(II) per gram MOCS in single component sorption systems were from 5.91 and 7.71 micromol to 7.56 and 9.22 micromol for the temperature range of 288-318 K, respectively. The order of affinity based on a weight uptake by MOCS was as follows: Pb(II)>Cu(II). The same behavior was observed during competitive adsorption that is in the case of adsorption from their binary solution. The thermodynamic parameters (DeltaG degrees , DeltaH degrees , and DeltaS degrees) for Cu(II) and Pb(II) sorption on MOCS were also determined from the temperature dependence. This competitive adsorption showed that the uptake of each metal was considerably reduced with an increasing concentration of the other, the adsorption of Cu(II) being more strongly influenced by Pb(II) than vice versa due to the higher affinity of MOCS for the latter.