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Individuals' confidence in their own exercise capabilities (self-efficacy) showed a reciprocal relationship to perceptions of effort during exercise in a study of fifty male kinesiology students. Supporting Bandura's (1986) theory, preexercise efficacy predicted perceptions of effort during exercise and subsequent postexercise efficacy. Further, an association emerged between perceived physical strain during exercise and later self-efficacy gains.

The present study examined the relationships among body composition, exercise participation, and physique anxiety in a sample of middle-age formerly sedentary males and females. Study variables assessed prior to and following participation in a 20-week aerobic exercise program. Subjects reduced their weight, body fat, and body circumferences over the course of the program, as well as physique anxiety. Multivariate and hierarchical regression analyses revealed females and those subjects between 45 and 54 years to be significantly mare physique-anxious than their older counterparts. Being female and failing to reduce hip circumference were signifcantly related to postprogram physique anxiety. Although those who exercised more frequently tended to be less physique-anxious than correlational analyses, exercise frequency was a nonsignificant predictor when controlling for body composition. Thus, it appears that body image is a concern across the female age spectrum rather than the sole province of undergraduate females.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between perceptions of personal efficacy and affective responsibility to acute exercise in elderly male in-patients and outpatients at a Veterans Administration Medical Center. Participants completed self-efficacy measures prior to and following upper body ergometry exercise. Multidimensional affect was assessed prior to and following activity and in-task affect was assessed by retrospective recall. A significant change in feelings of fatigue was revealed over time but exercise effects on affect were shown to be moderated by perceptions of efficacy and age. Specifically, more efficacious individuals reported significantly more positive well-being and less psychological distress during and following exercise. Older individuals were less efficacious and experienced more negative responses to exercise. Finally, participants who experienced less psychological distress and more positive well-being during activity were more efficacious post-exercise. The results are discussed with respect to the role played by self-efficacy and age in the generation of affective responses to exercise.

The physiological manifestations of self-efficacy among active and less active individuals engaged in treadmill running were examined. Salivary cortisol responses by subjects to treadmill running were analyzed. Results showed that active subjects exhibited lower cortisol levels than less active subjects during and after the exercise. This confirms previous findings which showed high self-efficacy results to low adrenocortical activity following physical stress.

Organic-rich Quaternary deposits of a porous fine-grained quality constitute the 300-meter thick aquitard found in southeast Mexico in the lacustrine Chalco Plain. The aquifer in the aquitard is saline, and is not affected by chemicals and salts released by the aquitard. Alluvial-pyroclastic sediments which contribute to the aquifer are found below the aquitard.

1,3‐Benzothiazin‐4‐one‐043 (BTZ043) is a novel anti‐mycobacterial agent for tuberculosis (TB) therapy with highly hydrophobic properties. In order to enhance local drug concentrations by improved administration and delivery to the site of the mycobacterial infection, we suggest BTZ043/Toc@Ca(ds)2@Ca3(PO4)2 nanocontainers made via a microemulsion approach for drug delivery (Toc: tocopherol; ds: dodecylsulfate). Based on our concept, the surfactant of the microemulsion itself is used to stabilize the droplet phase by interaction with Ca2+, followed by the formation of an inorganic Ca3(PO4)2 sphere wall in one‐pot reaction. Tocopherol (vitamin E) was used as biocompatible droplet phase of the microemulsion to dissolve the highly lipophilic BTZ043. According to electron microscopy and electron spectroscopy, the resulting BTZ043/Toc@Ca(ds)2@Ca3(PO4)2 nanocontainers exhibit an outer diameter of 28±8 nm and a sphere wall of 4±1 nm. The inner cavity, 18±7 nm in diameter, is loaded with BTZ043 with a concentration of 30.5 μg/mL. First in vitro tests with murine bone marrow derived macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis show promising antibiotic activity of the BTZ043/Toc@Ca(ds)2@Ca3(PO4)2 nanocontainers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The planning of renewable energy infrastructure has proven highly controversial across many countries. We critically examine the lessons that can be learned from research investigating the causes of controversy over wind turbines. The review focuses on a specific, but often highly controversial, component of planning practice: environmental and social appraisal. The review advances understandings of the reasons for contestation over the social impacts of wind turbines; the basis and legitimacy of plurality and contestation; and, the biases that tend to underpin understandings of the role and functioning of participation in appraisal. A typology of actors' attitudes to wind energy is employed to elucidate the implications of our review for appraisal practices. We conclude that a broader understanding of the societal purposes of public participation needs to be integrated into appraisal theory and practice, including an acceptance of the legitimacy of antagonism and dissent and its value in fostering social learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While issues of siting wind farms have often revolved around their local resistance, finding adequate locations and gaining access to land for large wind energy projects has become an increasingly significant challenge for developers, in particular in small countries with relatively mature wind energy sectors, such as Denmark. By drawing on the case of "Outskirts‐Denmark", this paper focuses on how existing territorial stigma of rural areas is co‐produced and mobilised by wind farm developers to make space for large wind farm projects. In doing so, we demonstrate that the mobilisation of stigma through derogatory rhetoric and forecasting rural decline is used to legitimise the purchase and demolition of properties in marginalised rural areas. We then critically discuss how these developer practices produce controversies over the erosion of rural communities and are entangled in a neoliberal undermining of the planning system, revealing issues of rural energy justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rationality of large scale deployment of wind energy to tackle climate change is entangled in the need for generating technological advancement, economic growth and social acceptance - the latter by supporting the reconciliation of local communities with green technologies, what we term as 'people-climate reconciliation'. However, as challenges in practice, and a growing research in the field of 'social acceptance' of renewable energy have shown, the form of reconciliation at stake seems often to happen economically, spatially and democratically detached from the local host communities. This paper argues that the understanding of people-climate reconciliation, framing modern wind power developments, is problematic due to its underlying principles of Green Capitalism and the processes of alienation that it creates. Inspired by Polanyi's concept of 'dis-embedding', i.e. the separation of economy from social relations, and Shivas's concept of 'living economy', i.e. local and decentralized economy shaped by people in their everyday lives, the paper sheds light on what and who is being reconciled when deploying wind farms. Based on empirical data from a Danish case the hegemonic discourse on reconciliation framing renewable energy policies and practices of large wind farm developers is juxtaposed with a local counter-discourse. In doing so, the paper identifies rationales underlying a community-based counter-movement. The paper argues for a reconciliation of renewables with the life of local citizens based on enhanced 're-embedding' of renewable energy developments into local culture and economy thereby considering dimensions of place-identity, equality and democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review examines the effects of exercise and physical activity on the psychological well-being of older adults. Unlike most of the literature in this area, this review focuses primarily on those psychosocial outcomes that are generally positive in nature. As well as considering the overall effects of physical activity, the roles of program length, subject sex, age, physical fitness, and measurement are considered. Overall, the results of the 38 studies reviewed are overwhelmingly positive, with the majority reporting positive associations between physical activity and psychological well-being. This relationship appears to be moderated by the length of the exercise programs; longer programs consistently report more positive results. There is little evidence that exercise has differential psychological effects on men and women or on individuals of differing ages. Whereas training protocols seem to result in significant changes in physical fitness and well-being, such improvements appear to be unrelated. The review concludes with a brief discussion of possible mechanisms underlying the physical activity/psychological health relationship, and several directions are recommended for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

F. Edwin Harvey [a] David L. Rudolph [b] Shaun K. Frape [b] Abstract Over the last two decades, there has been a growing recognition of the importance of evaluating ground [...]

Anthony L. Endres [a] William P. Clement [b] David L. Rudolph © Abstract We have imaged the temporal and spatial response of an unconfined aquifer during a pumping test using [...]

Connie G. Romano [a,b] Emil O. Frind [a] David L. Rudolph [a] Abstract A fully saturated, free-surface ground water flow model and a variably saturated model are applied to the [...]