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Presently, several jobs require the collaboration of humans and machines to perform different services and tasks. The ease and intuitiveness of the worker when using each machine will not only improve the worker’s experience but also improve the company’s productivity and the satisfaction that all users have. Specifically, electromechanical devices used to provide cleaning services require complex interactions. These interactions determine the usability and performance of devices. Therefore, devices must have appropriate ergonomic arrangements for human–machine interactions. Otherwise, the desired performance cannot be achieved. This study analyzes the performance of an urban cleaning device (pressure washer on a power take-off van) using human– machine interaction method. The method measures visceral and behavioral levels (set by Norman) and service times. Using these measurements, the usability of the pressure washer is determined according to different factors that facilitate the operator’s well-being in the working environment. A pressure washer from Feniks Cleaning and Safety, Limited Company, has been studied. Sixteen errors related to ergonomics, usability and safety were identified in this machine, which operates in more than 40 locations in Spain. Therefore, this study provides valuable information on the usability and performance of pressure washers, as well as possibilities for improvement.

Long polymeric chains highly stretched and aligned with the flow confer a strong mechanical anisotropy on a viscoelastic solution. The electrically-driven transport of free ions under such conditions is far from being understood. In this paper, we determine experimentally whether the above-mentioned deviation from isotropy affects the electric charge transport across the liquid. To this end, we measure the electrical conductivity in the flow (stretching) direction of the cylindrical liquid filament formed in the elasto-capillary thinning that arises during the breakup of a viscoelastic liquid bridge. First, we examine the behavior of monodisperse solutions of polyethylene oxide (PEO) in a mixture of glycerine and water. For all the concentrations and molecular weights considered, the filament conductivity remains practically the same as the isotropic conductivity measured under hydrostatic conditions. However, we observe a decrease in the electric current at the end of elastocapillary regime which may partially be attributed to the reduction of the liquid conductivity. Then, we measure the conductivity of bidisperse solutions of PEO with very different molecular weights. In this case, a significant decrease in conductivity is observed as the filament radius decreases. This constitutes the first experimental evidence of ion mobility reduction in stretching viscoelastic filaments, a relevant effect in applications such as electrospinning.

Production of virus-free plants is crucial for vegetative propagation. In in vitro conditions, thermotherapy treatments are the most common method for virus elimination. However, shoot-tip necrosis and hyperhydricity are the most common physiological problems in thermotherapy-treated shoots, causing an important loss of virus-free plants. In the present study Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV, Trichovirus genus), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV, Foveavirus genus) and Apple mosaic virus (ApMV, Ilarvirus genus) infected ‘Abbasi’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) shoots were treated through two in vitro thermotherapy strategies, constant (37°C) and alternating (32/38°C) cycles. Plant growth, shoot-tip necrosis, meristem establishment, hyperhydricity and total chlorophyll content (SPAD-502 meter readings) were recorded in virus-infected and virus-free shoots. Results showed that duration of high temperatures exposure caused shoot-tip necrosis decreasing shoot-tip survival. Meristem hyperhydricity showed two different trends related to length of treatment, increasing up to 20 d and decreasing up to 70 d applying heat treatments at constant and alternating cyclic temperatures, respectively. Treatment at constant 38°C for 5-15 d led to 100% eradication of ACLSV and ASPV, while all treated plants were still infected with ApMV. The alternating cycles of 32/38°C treatment was effective in eliminating ApMV, as well as ACLSV and ASPV. Virus-free plants had 3.9-fold growth in comparison with virus-infected plants. In addition, SPAD-502 meter readings (total chlorophyll index) showed significant differences between virus-infected and virus-free plants. Suggesting that rapid assessment of physiological, growth and sanitary state of apple shoots after thermotherapy treatments, should be performed by chlorophyll content evaluation using SPAD-502 meter. Higher SPAD-502 meter readings in apple virus-free shoots correlated with better growth and reduction of shoot-tip necrosis and hyp

Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) is one of the most produced and studied stone fruits. Many genetic and genomic resources are available for this species, including a high-quality genome. More recently, a new high-density Illumina peach Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) chip (9+9K) has been developed by an international consortium as an add-on to the previous 9K array. In the current study, this new array was used to study the genetic diversity and population structure of the National Peach Germplasm Collection of the Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon (CITA), located in Zaragoza (northern Spain). To accomplish this, 90 peach accessions were genotyped using the new peach SNP chip (9+9K). A total of 9796 SNPs were finally selected for genetic analyses. Through Identity-By-Descent (IBD) estimate analysis, 15 different groups with genetically identical individuals were identified. The genetic diversity and population structure elucidated a possible exchange of germplasm material among regions, mainly in the northern regions of Spain. This study will allow for more efficient management of the National Peach Germplasm Collection by classifying valuable individuals for genetic diversity preservation and will benefit forthcoming Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) of commercially important fruit traits in peach.

‘lucía myrtea’ and ‘victoria myrtea’ are early-season cultivars of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) typology, both characterized by their low chilling requirements, so their adaptation is ideal for warm growing areas in the current context of climate change. High productivity, high-quality fruit and attractiveness are three characteristics common to both new cultivars. ‘lucía myrtea’ and ‘victoria myrtea’ stand out for their attractive dark purplish skin; their striking and intense red flesh; and their excellent taste qualities, with firm, juicy and aromatic fruit. Another remarkable characteristic is the floral self-compatibility in the case of ‘victoria myrtea’, uncommon in Japanese plum cultivars and especially interesting for farmers. These new cultivars will contribute to improve the availability of early, red-flesh plums for the fresh market.

Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is a valuable worldwide agronomical crop, with a delicious fruit highlighted as a functional food with both nutritional and bioactive properties, remarkably beneficial to human health. Apricot fruit ripening is a coordinated developmental process which requires change in the expression of hundreds to thousands of genes to modify many biochemical and physiological processes arising from quality characteristics in ripe fruit. In addition, enhancing fruit and nutraceutical quality is one of the central objectives to be improved in the new varieties developed by breeding programs. In this study we analyzed the contents of main metabolites linked to the nutraceutical value of apricot fruits, together with the most important pomological characteristics and biochemical contents of fruit during the ripening process in two contrasted apricot genotypes. Additionally, the gene expression changes were analyzed using RNA-Seq and real time qPCR. Results showed that genes with differential expression in the biosynthetic pathways, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, starch and sucrose and carotenoid metabolism, could be possible candidates as molecular markers of fruit quality characteristics for fruit color and soluble solid content. The gene involves in carotenoid metabolism carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4, and the gene sucrose synthase in starch and sucrose metabolism were identified as candidate genes in the ripening process for white skin ground color and flesh color and high soluble sugar content. The application of these candidate genes on marker-assisted selection in apricot breeding programs may contribute to the early selection of high-quality fruit genotypes with suitable nutraceutical values.

The article has the purpose of identifying the most influential factors in the follow-up process of budget program 130 - competitiveness and sustainable use of forest and wildlife resources, the importance of state supervision is shown, that allows its verification and impact on the improvement of their citizen's quality of life. The work developed in the positivist paradigm, is classified as a substantive type, of the explanatory level, in an assumed approach, it is quantitative with non-experimental design, explanatory cross-section, it is also probabilistic. The field work through questionnaires administered to the budget and natural resources personnel of seven regional governments, the population at 280 and the sample calculated was 163 people, the information collection instrument has high reliability and internal coherence reaching 0.962 of the Cronbach's alpha. The hypothesis was tested through logistic regression. From the analysis carried out, the organizational factor (B = 0.744) has the highest coefficient and therefore it is the one that predominates or contributes more in the process of monitoring the PP 130 also presents an odds ratio (Exp (B)) = 2.105, meaning that it is a risk factor., L'article vise à identifier les facteurs les plus influents dans le processus de suivi du programme budgétaire 130 - compétitivité et utilisation durable des ressources forestières et fauniques, il montre l'importance de la supervision de l'État, qui permet sa vérification et l'impact sur l'amélioration de la qualité de vie des citoyens. Les travaux développés dans le paradigme positiviste sont classés comme substantiels, au niveau explicatif, et dans l'approche supposée, sont quantitatifs avec une conception non expérimentale, et une section transversale explicative, et sont également probabilistes. Le travail de terrain par le biais de questionnaires administrés au personnel du budget et des ressources naturelles de sept gouvernements régionaux, la population à 280 et l'échantillon calculé était de 163 personnes, l'instrument de collecte d'informations présente une grande fiabilité et une cohérence interne atteignant ,962 de l'alpha de Cronbach. Les hypothèses ont été mises en contraste par une régression logistique. D'après l'analyse effectuée, le facteur organisationnel (B = ,744) présente le coefficient le plus élevé et est donc celui qui prédomine ou qui contribue le plus au processus de suivi de la PP-130. Il présente également un rapport de cotes (Exp(B)) = 2,105, ce qui signifie qu'il s'agit d'un facteur de risque., El artículo tiene el propósito de identificar los factores más influyentes en el proceso de seguimiento del programa presupuestal 130 – competitividad y aprovechamiento sostenible de los recursos forestales y de fauna silvestre, se muestra la importancia a la supervisión del Estado, aquella permite su verificación y el impacto en la mejora de su calidad de vida del ciudadano. El trabajo desarrollado en el paradigma positivista, se clasifica como de tipo sustantiva, del nivel explicativa, en enfoque asumido es cuantitativo con diseño no experimental, corte transversal explicativo, asimismo es probabilístico. El trabajo de campo a través de cuestionarios administrados al personal de presupuesto y recursos naturales de siete gobiernos regionales, la población a 280 y la muestra calculada fue de 163 personas, el instrumento de recojo de información presenta una alta fiabilidad y coherencia interna alcanzando ,962 del alfa de Cronbach. La contrastación de las hipótesis se realizó a través de la regresión logística. Del análisis realizado el factor organizacional (B = ,744) presenta el mayor coeficiente y por ende es la que predomina o aporta más en el proceso de seguimiento del PP-130 asimismo presenta un odds ratio (Exp(B)) = 2,105, significando que es un factor de riesgo.

Peach [Prunus persica (L Batsch] is one of the most studied stone fruits The preservation of plant germplasm collections is crucial to ensure genetic diversity in plants Mainly due to the self compatibility in peach and the low number of genotypes used in breeding programs, a low intraspecific genetic diversity is present in peach Badenes et al 2015 Genetic diversity provides the fundamental basis for new diseases and pests resistances in fruit trees and their adaptation to climate change Molecular tools contribute to create core collections in genebanks collecting the maximum genetic diversity and avoiding redundant genotypes (Wambugu et al 2018 In this work a set of 90 accessions have been sampled from the National Peach Germplasm Collection of the “Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (and the “Estación Experimental de Aula Dei ( both located in Zaragoza ( These 90 samples have been genotyped using the new version of the high density Illumina peach SNP chip 18 K) Genetic diversity and population structure have been analysed to obtain useful information for an efficient preservation of peach germplasm

Generating chromosome-level, haplotype-resolved assemblies of heterozygous genomes remains challenging. To address this, we developed gamete binning, a method based on single-cell sequencing of haploid gametes enabling separation of the whole-genome sequencing reads into haplotype-specific reads sets. After assembling the reads of each haplotype, the contigs are scaffolded to chromosome level using a genetic map derived from the gametes. We assemble the two genomes of a diploid apricot tree based on whole-genome sequencing of 445 individual pollen grains. The two haplotype assemblies (N50: 25.5 and 25.8 Mb) feature a haplotyping precision of greater than 99% and are accurately scaffolded to chromosome-level.

In plants, fruit ripening is a coordinated developmental process that requires the change in expression of hundreds to thousands of genes to modify many biochemical and physiological signal cascades such as carbohydrate and organic acid metabolism, cell wall restructuring, ethylene production, stress response, and organoleptic compound formation. In Prunus species (including peaches, apricots, plums, and cherries), fruit ripening leads to the breakdown of complex carbohydrates into sugars, fruit firmness reductions (softening by cell wall degradation and cuticle properties alteration), color changes (loss of green color by chlorophylls degradation and increase in non-photosynthetic pigments like anthocyanins and carotenoids), acidity decreases, and aroma increases (the production and release of organic volatile compounds). Actually, the level of information of molecular events at the transcriptional, biochemical, hormonal, and metabolite levels underlying ripening in Prunus fruits has increased considerably. However, we still poorly understand the molecular switch that occurs during the transition from unripe to ripe fruits. The objective of this review was to analyze of the molecular bases of fruit quality in Prunus species through an integrated metabolic, genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic approach to better understand the molecular switch involved in the ripening process with important consequences from a breeding point of view.

Prunus species are important crops in temperate regions. In these regions, drought periods are predicted to occur more frequently due to climate change. In this sense, to reduce the impact of climate warming, obtaining new tolerant/resistant cultivars and rootstocks is a mandatory goal in Prunus breeding. Therefore, the current study assembled three Prunus species including almond, (P. dulcis Mill D.A. Webb), apricot (P. armeniaca L.) and peach (P. persica L.) to model the temporal effects of drought. A hybrid peach × almond and a wild almond-relative species Prunus webbii were also included in the study. Physiological traits associated with photosynthetic activity, leaf water status, and chlorophyll content were assessed under three watering treatments. Results showed that effects of time, genotype, and treatment interact significantly in all traits. In addition, results confirmed that P. webbii have a greater tolerance to drought than commercial rootstocks. However, “Real Fino” apricot showed the fastest recovery after re-irrigation while being one of the most affected cultivars. In addition, from the better response to these watering treatments by the almond genotypes, two different trends were observed after re-irrigation treatment that clearly differentiate the response of the almond cultivar “Garrigue” from the rest of Prunus genotypes. A better characterization of the short-term drought response in Prunus, an accurate and more efficient evaluation of the genotype effect was obtained from the use of mixed models considering appropriate variance–covariance structures. Although the advantages of these approaches are rarely used in Prunus breeding, these methodologies should be undertaken in the future by breeders to increase efficiency in developing new breeding materials.

[Resumen] Introducción: El dolor es considerado la causa más frecuente de consulta en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios, siendo complejos su identificación y abordaje. Es una experiencia universal que afecta de forma relevante a la calidad de vida de los pacientes, por lo que su valoración, manejo y control debe ser una prioridad. En general se considera que el manejo es insuficiente, lo que exige implantar una valoración sistemática y unas estrategias de manejo consensuadas y bien definidas. La implantación de recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia podría ser efectiva para establecer una “política del dolor” eficiente en un servicio de urgencias hospitalario. Objetivo principal: Evaluar si la implantación de una guía de buenas prácticas (GBP) de “valoración y manejo del dolor” de la RNAO® podría ser efectiva en la mejora de la atención prestada a pacientes adultos que presentan dolor en el servicio de urgencias del Hospital Central de la Defensa “Gómez Ulla”. Metodología: Este proyecto consiste en una propuesta de estudio cuantitativo de tipo cuasi-experimental prospectivo y longitudinal con pre-post intervención. La intervención consistirá en la formación a las enfermeras del servicio de urgencias en un protocolo creado por un equipo multidisciplinar bajo liderazgo enfermero de “valoración y manejo del dolor” basado en la GBP de mismo nombre de la RNAO®. Aplicabilidad: Promover una asistencia adecuada a todos los pacientes con dolor que son atendidos en un servicio de urgencias hospitalario en cumplimiento de las líneas estratégicas marcadas por los planes de calidad autonómicos., [Resumo] Introdución: A dor considérase a causa máis frecuente da consulta nos servizos de urxencias hospitalarias e a súa identificación e enfoque son complexos. É unha experiencia universal que afecta significativamente a calidade de vida dos pacientes, polo que a súa valoración, xestión e control debe ser unha prioridade. En xeral, a xestión considérase que é insuficiente, o que require implantar unha validación sistemática e unas estratexias de manexo consensuadas e ben definidas. A implantación de recomendacións basadas na evidencia podería ser efectiva para establecer unha "política da dor" eficiente nun servizo de urxencias hospitalarias. Obxectivo principal: Avaliar se a implantación de unha guía de boas prácticas (GBP) RNAO® podería ser efectiva na melloría da atención prestada a pacientes adultos que presentan dor no servizo de urxencias do Hospital Central da Defensa "Gómez Ulla". Metodoloxía: Este proxecto consiste dunha proposta de estudo cuantitativo de tipo cuasiexperimental prospectivo e lonxitudinal con pre-post intervención. A intervención consistirá na información ás enfermeiras do servizo de urxencias nun protocolo creado por un equipo multidisciplinar baixo o liderado da enfermería de "valoración e manexo da dor" basado na GBP do mesmo nome da RNAO®. Aplicabilidade: Promover unha atención adecuada a todos os pacientes con dor que estean atendidos nun departamento de urxencias hospitalarias de acordo coas liñas estratéxicas establecidas polos plans rexionais de calidade., [Abstract] Introduction: Pain is considered the leading cause of consultation in hospital emergency departments. Moreover it´s identification and approach are often complex. It is a universal experience that significantly affects the quality of life of patients, so it´s assessment, management and control should be a priority. However, pain management is generally insufficient, requiring a systematic assessment and well-defined and negotiated management strategies. The implementation of evidence-based recommendations could be effective in establishing an efficient ´pain policy´ in an emergency department. Main purpose: Evaluate whether the implementation of a RNAO® Best Practice Guideline for ´Assessment and Management of Pain´ could be effective in improving pain care in adults presenting with pain in the emergency department of the Hospital Central de la Defensa `Gómez Ulla´. Methods: Quasi-experimental study project with quantitative and prospective approach pre-post intervention. The intervention will consist in training the emergency department nurses in a protocol created by a multidisciplinary team under nurse leadership of ´assessment and management of pain´ based on the RNAO® Best Practice Guideline. Applicability: Promote adequate assistance to all patients presenting with pain at a hospital emergency department in compliance with the strategic lines established in the regional quality plans.