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105. Vegetable quality as affected by genetic, agronomic and environmental factors

Author

Rouphael, Y., Cardarelli, M., Bassal, A., Leonardi, Cherubino, Giuffrida, Francesco, Colla, G., Rouphael, Youssef, Cardarelli, M., Bassal, A., Leonardi, C., Giuffrida, F., and Colla, G.

Abstract

Consumer interest in the quality of vegetable products has increased in recent years especially for the beneficial effects of vegetables on human health. Vegetable quality is a broad term and includes physical properties, flavor, and health–related compounds. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent literature of the main pre-harvest factors that can improve the quality of vegetables and consequently their beneficial role in human diet. The importance of genotype and grafted plants selection, the optimization of the environmental conditions (light and temperature) and the advantages and disadvantages of greenhouse in comparison to open field cultivation concerning product quality will be outlined first; followed by the optimization of agricultural practices in particular, water quantity and quality, mineral nutrition, salinity and growing system (e.g. soilless). The review will conclude by identifying several prospects for future research such as modeling of the nutritional value of vegetable crops.

Published
2012

106. Yield and water use of eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) under full and deficit irrigation irrigation regimes

Author

Karam, F., Saliba, R., Skaf, F., Breidy, J., Rouphael, Y., and Balendonck, J.

Subjects
pepper, drip irrigation, quality, growth, GTB Tuinbouw Technologie, responses, use efficiency, drought, tomato, management, agriculture
Abstract

Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 to determine the effects of deficit irrigation on yield and water use of field grown eggplants. A total of 8 irrigation treatments (four each year), which received different amounts of irrigation water, were evaluated. In 2008, deficit irrigation was applied at full vegetative growth (WS-V), pre-flowering (WS-F) and fruit ripening (WS-R), while in 2009 deficit irrigation was applied during the whole growing season at 80 (WS-80), 60 (WS-60) and 40% (WS-40) of field capacity. Deficit-irrigated treatments were in both years compared to a well irrigated control. Regular readings of soil water content (SWC) in 2008 and 2009 showed that average soil water deficit (SWD) in the control was around 30% of total available water (TAW) while in deficit-irrigated treatments it varied between 50 and 75% of TAW. In 2008, deficit irrigation reduced fruit fresh yield by 35, 25 and 33% in WS-V, WS-F and WS-R treatments, respectively, when compared to the control (33.0 t ha-1). However, the reduction in fresh yield in response to deficit irrigation was compensated by an increase in fruit mean weight. Results obtained in 2009 showed that fruit fresh yield in the control was 33.7 t ha-1, while it was 12, 39 and 60% less in WS-80, WS-60 and WS-40 treatments, respectively. On the other hand, fruit dry matter content and water productivity were found to increase significantly in both years in deficit-irrigated treatments. Applying deficit irrigation for 2 weeks prior to flowering (WS-F) resulted in water saving of the same magnitude of the WS-80 treatment, with the least yield reduction, making more water available to irrigate other crops, and thereby considered optimal strategies for drip-irrigated eggplants in the semi-arid climate of the central Bekaa Valley of Lebanon.

Published
2011

108. Protein hydrolysates as biostimulants in horticulture

Author

Colla, G, Nardi, S, Cardarelli, M, Ertani, A, Lucini, Luigi, Canaguier, R, Rouphael, Y., Lucini, Luigi (ORCID:0000-0002-5133-9464), Colla, G, Nardi, S, Cardarelli, M, Ertani, A, Lucini, Luigi, Canaguier, R, Rouphael, Y., and Lucini, Luigi (ORCID:0000-0002-5133-9464)

Abstract

In recent years, new strategies have been proposed in order to improve the sustainability of production systems for horticultural crops. A promising tool would be the use of substances and/or microorganisms defined also as ‘biostimulants’ able to enhance crop quality parameters, nutrient efficiency and abiotic stress tolerance. Protein hydrolysates (PHs) are an important group of plant biostimulants based on a mixture of peptides and amino acids that have received increasing attention in the recent years due to their positive effects on crop performances. PHs are mainly produced by enzymatic and/or chemical hydrolysis of proteins from animal- or plant-derived raw materials. The current review gives an overview of the biostimulant properties of PHs on productivity and product quality of horticultural crops, in par- ticular fruit trees, vegetables, flower crops and ornamentals. After a brief introduction on PHs as plant biostimulants, this review focuses on the classification and chemical composition of PHs according to the source of proteins and method of protein hydrolysis. The plant uptake and transport of amino acids and peptides and the effects of PHs on primary and secondary metabolism as well as the biochemical and physiological processes conferring tolerance to abiotic stress are also covered. The review concludes by proposing several perspectives for future research aiming to understand the mode of action of PHs based on their composition and also to define the suitable time and dose of application.

Published
2015

111. Influenza delle proporzioni dei macronutrienti nella soluzione e della stagione di coltivazione su produttività e qualità della lattuga coltivata in idroponica

Author

Colla, G., Fallovo, C., Mariateresa Cardarelli, Rouphael, Y., Rea, E., Salerno, A., Battistelli, A., Colla, G., Fallovo, C., Cardarelli, M., Rouphael, Youssef, Rea, E., Salerno, A., and Battistelli, A.

Abstract

Plants of Lactuca sativa L. var. acephala cv ‘Green Salad Bowl’ were grown in a in floating system during spring and summer season to investigate the influence of macro-anion (NO3 -, H2PO4 -, and SO4 2- ) and macro-cation (K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) proportions in the nutrient solut ion on yield and leaf qual i ty. Marketable yield, shoot biomass and leaf area index were unaffected by nutrient solution composition. A high proportion of calcium in the nutrient solution increased the quality attributes in particular calcium, chlorophyll, and carbohydrate concentrations. Plants grown in the spring season exhibited a lower yield, growth (total dry biomass and leaf area index), leaf mineral content (N, K, and Mg), total carotenoids and water use efficiency than those grown in the summer season but influenced positively some quality parameters (higher content of carbohydrate and lower nitrate content).

Published
2010

114. Yield, water requirement, nutrient uptake and fruit quality of zucchini squash grown in soil and closed soilless culture

Author

Rouphael Y, Colla G, Battistelli A, Moscatello S, and Proietti S

Subjects
nitrogen form, nitrate, food and beverages, tomatoes
Abstract

The effects of soil and closed soilless systems (cocofibre, perlite and pumice culture) on precocity, productivity, water use, plant mineral composition and fruit quality were studied on zucchini plants (Cucurbita pepo L.Afrodite' grown in a greenhouse at Viterbo, central Italy. The plants grown in a soilless system exhibited higher yield (total, marketable and fruit number), harvest index, and water-use efficiency compared with those grown in soil. Among soilless treatments, pumice had the lowest water requirement and hence the highest water use efficiency. Use of cocofibre led to the earliest yield compared with the other substrates due probably to the higher minimal temperatures recorded on the organic substrate. Plants grown in soilless culture had a higher uptake of N, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn than those grown in soil. After 73 d of solution recycling in soilless treatments, N-NO3, K, P, Fe and Mn were depleted by 26, 16, 40, 92, and 25 % respectively, while Ca, Mg, Na, Cu and Zn increased by 6, 69, 113, 360, and 981 % respectively. Carbohydrate concentration (glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch) increased in soilless over soil culture. No significant differences were observed in dry matter or total protein content. Nitrate concentration of fruits was lower in soil than in soilless treatments. The results demonstrated that the growers may improve water and nutrient control, yield and fruit quality by switching from soil to closed soilless culture.

Published
2004

130. Productivity, nutritional and functional qualities of perennial wall-rocket: Effects of pre-harvest factors

Author

Caruso Gianluca, De Pascale Stefania, Nicoletti Rosario, Cozzolino Eugenio, and Rouphael Youssef

Subjects
cropping practices, diplotaxis tenuifolia, functional foods, glucosinolates, phytochemicals, produce processing, ready-to-use salads, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Perennial wall-rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) belongs to the Brassicaceae family. It has spread worldwide due to its functional properties, and has long been known in folk medicine of native populations in areas of the Mediterranean and western Asia. In the past, Diplotaxis tenuifolia was a herbaceous plant harvested and consumed as a spontaneous herb, but today it is an important leafy vegetable in ready-to-use salads, with an increasing impact in the national and international vegetable retail markets. The leaves of perennial wall-rocket have valuable nutritional properties because of the amounts of antioxidant compounds they contain, in particular glucosinolates, vitamin C, as well as flavonoids, which make their consumption beneficial for preventing some types of cancer and cardiovascular disease. In the current review, major pre-harvest factors of Diplotaxis tenuifolia production, such as cropping systems, fertilization, as well as water management and irrigation, are addressed with respect to crop productivity and leaf quality.

Published
2019
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141. A simple and accurate model for the non-destructive estimation of leaf areas in genotypes of Plumeria rubra L.

Author

FASCELLA, G., CRISTOFORI, V., RIVERA, C. M., and ROUPHAEL, Y.

Subjects
LEAF physiology, PLUMERIA, LEAF development, NONDESTRUCTIVE testing, PLANT genetics, REGRESSION analysis, SUM of squares
Abstract

Leaf area (LA) is an important parameter in many plant modelling studies. There is a need for a simple, accurate and non-destructive model to predict LA in physiological experiments in which destructive LA sampling is not allowed (e.g., rare plants or genetically segregating populations). In this study, a model for LA estimation was developed for Plumeria rubra L. using simple linear measurements of leaf length (L) and maximum width (W). Two experiments were carried out, one in 2012 (on seven commercial genotypes: 'California Sunset1, 'Christina', 'Elsie', 'Gina','J.J. Mini White', 'Panittas Red', and 'Pixie Dust') and one in 2013 (on one genotype 'Divine') under greenhouse conditions, to test whether a model could be developed to estimate LAs of P. rubra across genotypes. Regression analysis of LA vs. L and/or W revealed several models that could be used to estimate the area of individual Plumeria leaves. To develop a model to estimate individual LA values accurately for all genotypes of P. rubra, measurements of both L and W should be included. The proposed linear model [LA = 4.15 + 0.66 (L × W)] was adopted for its accuracy, highest R² value (> 0.96), smallest mean square error (MSE), and smallest predicted residual error in the sum of squares (PRESS), and whose PRESS value was close to the sum of squares for error (SSE). Validation of the model using L × W measurements of leaves was carried out on an independent dataset derived from another genotype ('Divine') in 2013. Correlation coefficients showed that there were strong relationships between predicted LAs and observed LAs, with an over-estimation of 4.0% in the prediction. This model can therefore be adopted reliably to estimate LAs in P. rubra, non-destructively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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142. Coating seeds with endophytic fungi enhances growth, nutrient uptake, yield and grain quality of winter wheat.

Author

Colla, G., Rouphael, Y., Bonini, P., and Cardarelli, M.

Subjects
*EDIBLE coatings, *ENDOPHYTIC fungi, *PLANT growth, *NUTRIENT uptake, *WHEAT yields, *WHEAT quality
Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess whether seed coating with microbial consortium based on the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices BEG72, Glomus mossae and Trichoderma atroviride MUCL 45632 could improve seedling establishment, yield and grain quality (protein content and mineral composition) of wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). As a first step, a laboratory experiment was conducted in a growth chamber to verify the capability of seed coating with endophytic fungi to promote emergence and plant growth of wheat seedlings. Two additional experiments were carried out under open field conditions, to evaluate the effects of coating with beneficial fungi on SPAD index, chlorophyll fluorescence, yield, grain quality and mineral composition of winter wheat. In the growth chamber experiment, 17 days after sowing, the SPAD index, the number of leaves, shoot and root dry biomass of seedlings were significantly higher by 10.0%, 28.6%, 23.1% and 64.2%, in coated as compared to uncoated wheat seeds. In the open field trials, use of the uncoated seeds led to a significant reduction in grain yield by 24.3% and 7.7%, during the first and second growing season, respectively, compared to the coated seeds. Grain quality of wheat, in particular protein content, K, P, Fe and Zn concentrations were improved by AM fungi and Trichoderma inoculation. Uncoated wheat plants exhibited a strong variation of yield between the two growing cycles (2.8 and 3.6 t ha-1 for 2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively) in comparison to coated seeds (3.7 and 3.9 t ha-1 for 2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively). The increase in grain yield and yield stability with coating seed treatment was associated with an increased level of macro and micronutrient uptake, higher SPAD index and photochemical activity of PSII. The application of coated seeds containing Glomus and Trichoderma can improve the crop performance of wheat in a sustainable way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015

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