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ObjectiveFew prospective studies have examined separate forms of screen time in relation to adiposity. Our objective was to assess independent relations of television, electronic games (video/computer), and digital versatile disc (DVD)/videos and total screen time with change in adolescent BMI.MethodsUsing data from the 2004, 2006, and 2008 waves of the ongoing Growing up Today Study II, we assessed baseline and 2-year change in reported screen time in relation to concurrent change in BMI among 4287 girls and 3505 boys aged 9 to 16 years in 2004. Gender-specific models adjusted for previous BMI, age, race/ethnicity, growth/development, months between questionnaires, and physical activity.ResultsAmong girls and boys, each hour per day increase in reported television viewing was associated with a 0.09 increase in BMI (Ps < .001), and each hour per day increase in total screen time was associated with a 0.07 increase among girls and 0.05 increase among boys (Ps < .001). Among girls only, greater baseline television, games, and total screen time and change in DVDs/videos were associated with gains in BMI (Ps < .05). BMI gains associated with change in television and total screen time were stronger among overweight girls than lean girls (Ps-heterogeneity < .001).ConclusionsTelevision, which remains the steadiest source of food advertising, was most consistently associated with BMI gains. Among girls, electronic games and DVDs/videos were also related to increased BMI, possibly due to influences of product placements and advergames on diet and/or distracted eating. Adolescents, especially overweight adolescents, may benefit from reduced time with multiple types of media.

National dietary surveillance systems are necessary for monitoring people's intake of foods and nutrients associated with health and disease, and for implementing national and global dietary goals. However, these systems do not exist in many low- and middle-income countries. The development of a model of dietary surveillance for Bosnia and Herzegovina, described here, provides insights into the feasibility and sustainability of dietary surveillance systems in resource-constrained settings and illustrates the challenges involved. In 2016, a year-long dietary survey was initiated in collaboration with the country's Institute for Statistics using a subsample of households that participated in the 2015 national Household Budget Survey. Interviewers collected lifestyle, anthropometric and health data and participants answered two 24-hour dietary recall questionnaires. The survey included a representative sample of 853 participants and was performed efficiently by a small team of highly motivated, well-trained staff. Conducting a high-quality dietary survey was found to be feasible despite constrained resources. In addition, the ability to link dietary intake and regular household survey data provided an effective way of associating dietary variables with socioeconomic determinants of health. This dietary survey, the first conducted by an official institution in Bosnia and Herzegovina, represents an important starting point for building a sustainable nutritional surveillance system for the country. The cost-effective, low-burden approach to dietary surveillance described here could be applied in other low- and middle-income countries, many of which already carry out regular economic surveys. [phrase omitted] Les systemes nationaux de surveillance alimentaire sont necessaires pour controler la consommation par la population des aliments et nutriments lies a la sante et aux maladies, mais aussi pour realiser les objectifs nationaux et internationaux relatifs a l'alimentation. Or, il n'existe aucun systeme de la sorte dans nombre de pays a revenu faible et intermediaire. La conception d'un modele de surveillance alimentaire pour la Bosnie-Herzegovine que nous decrivons ici permet de mieux comprendre la faisabilite et la durabilite des systemes de surveillance alimentaire dans les regions aux ressources limitees et illustre les defis a relever. En 2016, une enquete sur l'alimentation a ete menee pendant une annee, en collaboration avec l'institut national de la statistique de Bosnie-Herzegovine, aupres d'un sous-echantillon de menages qui avaient pris part a l'enquete nationale de 2015 sur le budget des menages. Les enqueteurs ont collecte des informations sur le mode de vie, des donnees anthropometriques et des donnees de sante, et les participants ont repondu a deux questionnaires fondes sur le rappel de leur consommation au cours des dernieres 24 heures. Cette enquete a inclus un echantillon representatif de 853 participants et a ete efficacement menee par une petite equipe de personnes extremement motivees et bien formees. La realisation d'une enquete de grande qualite sur l'alimentation s'est averee faisable, malgre des ressources limitees. Par ailleurs, la possibilite de relier les donnees concernant les consommations alimentaires et les donnees des enquetes regulierement meneessur les menages a fourni un moyen efficace d'associer les variables relatives a l'alimentation avec les determinants socioeconomiques de la sante. Cette enquete sur l'alimentation (la toute premiere menee par un institut officiel en Bosnie-Herzegovine) constitue un bon point de depart pour l'elaboration d'un systeme de surveillance nutritionnelle durable pour le pays. L'approche de la surveillance alimentaire decrite ici, qui s'est averee rentable et relativement peu pesante, pourrait etre appliquee dans d'autres pays a revenu faible et intermediaire, dont la plupart realisent deja regulierement des enquetes economiques. [phrase omitted] Los sistemas nacionales de vigilancia de la alimentacion son necesarios para controlar la ingesta de alimentos y nutrientes asociados con la salud y las enfermedades, asi como para alcanzar los objetivos alimentarios nacionales y mundiales. Sin embargo, estos sistemas no existen en muchos paises de ingresos bajos y medios. La elaboracion de un modelo de vigilancia alimentaria para Bosnia y Herzegovina, que se describe aqui, permite comprender mejor la viabilidad y la sostenibilidad de los sistemas de vigilancia alimentaria en entornos con recursos limitados e ilustra los problemas que se plantean. En 2016, se inicio una encuesta alimentaria de un ano de duracion en colaboracion con el Instituto de Estadistica del pais a partir de una submuestra de hogares que participaron en la Encuesta nacional de presupuestos familiares de 2015. Los entrevistadores recopilaron datos de estilo de vida, antropometricos y de salud y los participantes respondieron a dos cuestionarios de recordatorio alimentario de 24 horas. La encuesta incluyo una muestra representativa de 853 participantes y fue realizada eficazmente por un pequeno equipo de personal altamente motivado y bien capacitado. La realizacion de una encuesta alimentaria de alta calidad resulto factible a pesar de la escasez de recursos. Ademas, la capacidad de vincular la ingesta alimentaria con los datos de las encuestas periodicas en los hogares era una manera eficaz de asociar las variables alimentarias con los factores socioeconomicos determinantes de la salud. Esta encuesta sobre la alimentacion, la primera realizada por una institucion oficial de Bosnia y Herzegovina, representa un punto de partida importante para la creacion de un sistema sostenible de vigilancia alimentaria para el pais. El enfoque rentable y de baja carga de la vigilancia alimentaria que aqui se describe podria aplicarse en otros paises de ingresos bajos y medios, muchos de los cuales ya llevan a cabo encuestas economicas periodicas., Introduction Diet and its associated health conditions are the most important modifiable risk factors for morbidity and mortality globally. The influence of diet on health is greater than that of [...]