883 results on '"Room R."'
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102. Harms from a partner's drinking: an international study on adverse effects and reduced quality of life for women.
- Author
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Callinan, S., Rankin, G., Room, R., Stanesby, O., Rao, G., Waleewong, O., Greenfield, T.K., Hope, A., and Laslett, A-M.
- Subjects
ANXIETY in women ,DRINKING behavior ,QUALITY of life ,ALCOHOL drinking ,WORLD health ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,RESEARCH funding ,SEXUAL partners ,WOMEN'S health - Abstract
Background: Partners of heavy drinking individuals can be detrimentally affected as a result of their partner's drinking.Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the proportion of heterosexual intimate partner relationships with a heavy drinking male that resulted in reported alcohol-related harm and to investigate the impact of this on well-being in 9 countries.Methods: This study used survey data from the Gender and Alcohol's Harm to Others (GENAHTO) Project on Alcohol's Harm to Others in 9 countries (10,613 female respondents, 7,091 with intimate live-in partners). Respondents were asked if their partners drinking had negatively affected them as well as questions on depression, anxiety, and satisfaction with life.Results: The proportion of partnered respondents that reported having a harmful heavy drinking partner varied across countries, from 4% in Nigeria and the US to 33% in Vietnam. The most consistent correlate of experiencing harm was being oneself a heavy episodic drinker, most likely as a proxy measure for the acceptability of alcohol consumption in social circles. Women with a harmful heavy drinking partner reported significantly lower mean satisfaction with life than those with a partner that did not drink heavily.Conclusions: Harms to women from heavy drinking intimate partners appear across a range of subgroups and impact on a wide range of women, at least demographically speaking. Women living with a heavy drinking spouse experience higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms and lower satisfaction with life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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103. Planning for drinking events: Expectations versus behaviour
- Author
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Lim, M.S.C., Wright, C.J.C., Kuntsche, E.N., Livingston, M., Room, R., Dietze, P.M., Lim, M.S.C., Wright, C.J.C., Kuntsche, E.N., Livingston, M., Room, R., and Dietze, P.M.
- Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext
- Published
- 2017
104. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.
- Author
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Soneji S., Alahdab F., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Terkawi A.S., Tesssema B., Thakur J.S., Thamsuwan O., Thankappan K.R., Theis A.M., Thomas M.L., Thomson A.J., Thrift A.G., Tillmann T., Tobe-Gai R., Tobollik M., Tollanes M.C., Tonelli M., Topor-Madry R., Torre A., Tortajada M., Touvier M., Tran B.X., Truelsen T., Tuem K.B., Tuzcu E.M., Tyrovolas S., Ukwaja K.N., Uneke C.J., Updike R., Uthman O.A., Van Boven J.F.M., Van Donkelaar A., Varughese S., Vasankari T., Veerman L.J., Venkateswaran V., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vladimirov S.K., Vlassov V.V., Vollset S.E., Vos T., Wadilo F., Wakayo T., Wallin M.T., Wang Y.-P., Weichenthal S., Weiderpass E., Weintraub R.G., Weiss D.J., Werdecker A., Westerman R., Whiteford H.A., Wiysonge C.S., Woldeyes B.G., Wolfe C.D.A., Woodbrook R., Workicho A., Wulf Hanson S., Xavier D., Xu G., Yadgir S., Yakob B., Yan L.L., Yaseri M., Yimam H.H., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yoon S.-J., Yotebieng M., Younis M.Z., Zaidi Z., El Sayed Zaki M., Zavala-Arciniega L., Zhang X., Zimsen S.R.M., Zipkin B., Zodpey S., Lim S.S., Murray C.J.L., Gakidou E., Afshin A., Abajobir A.A., Abate K.H., Abbafati C., Abbas K.M., Abd-Allah F., Abdulle A.M., Abera S.F., Aboyans V., Abu-Raddad L.J., Abu-Rmeileh N.M.E., Abyu G.Y., Adedeji I.A., Adetokunboh O., Afarideh M., Agrawal A., Agrawal S., Ahmad Kiadaliri A., Ahmadieh H., Ahmed M.B., Aichour A.N., Aichour I., Aichour M.T.E., Akinyemi R.O., Akseer N., Al-Aly Z., Alam K., Alam N., Alam T., Alasfoor D., Alene K.A., Ali K., Alizadeh-Navaei R., Alkerwi A., Alla F., Allebeck P., Al-Raddadi R., Alsharif U., Altirkawi K.A., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A.T., Amini E., Ammar W., Amoako Y.A., Ansari H., Anto J.M., Antonio C.A.T., Anwari P., Arian N., Arnlov J., Artaman A., Aryal K.K., Asayesh H., Asgedom S.W., Atey T.M., Avila-Burgos L., Avokpaho E.F.G.A., Awasthi A., Azzopardi P., Bacha U., Badawi A., Balakrishnan K., Ballew S.H., Barac A., Barber R.M., Barker-Collo S.L., Barnighausen T., Barquera S., Barregard L., Barrero L.H., Batis C., Battle K.E., Baune B.T., Beardsley J., Bedi N., Beghi E., Bell M.L., Bennett D.A., Bennett J.R., Bensenor I.M., Berhane A., Berhe D.F., Bernabe E., Betsu B.D., Beuran M., Beyene A.S., Bhansali A., Bhutta Z.A., Bikbov B., Birungi C., Biryukov S., Blosser C.D., Boneya D.J., Bou-Orm I.R., Brauer M., Breitborde N.J.K., Brenner H., Brugha T.S., Bulto L.N.B., Baumgarner B.R., Butt Z.A., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Cardenas R., Carrero J.J., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Catala-Lopez F., Cercy K., Chang H.-Y., Charlson F.J., Chimed-Ochir O., Chisumpa V.H., Chitheer A.A., Christensen H., Christopher D.J., Cirillo M., Cohen A.J., Comfort H., Cooper C., Coresh J., Cornaby L., Cortesi P.A., Criqui M.H., Crump J.A., Dandona L., Dandona R., Das Neves J., Davey G., Davitoiu D.V., Davletov K., De Courten B., Degenhardt L., Deiparine S., Dellavalle R.P., Deribe K., Deshpande A., Dharmaratne S.D., Ding E.L., Djalalinia S., Do H.P., Dokova K., Doku D.T., Dorsey E.R., Driscoll T.R., Dubey M., Duncan B.B., Duncan S., Ebert N., Ebrahimi H., El-Khatib Z.Z., Enayati A., Endries A.Y., Ermakov S.P., Erskine H.E., Eshrati B., Eskandarieh S., Esteghamati A., Estep K., Faraon E.J.A., Farinha C.S.E.S., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Fay K., Feigin V.L., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes J.C., Ferrari A.J., Feyissa T.R., Filip I., Fischer F., Fitzmaurice C., Flaxman A.D., Foigt N., Foreman K.J., Frostad J.J., Fullman N., Furst T., Furtado J.M., Ganji M., Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Gebrehiwot T.T., Geleijnse J.M., Geleto A., Gemechu B.L., Gesesew H.A., Gething P.W., Ghajar A., Gibney K.B., Gill P.S., Gillum R.F., Giref A.Z., Gishu M.D., Giussani G., Godwin W.W., Gona P.N., Goodridge A., Gopalani S.V., Goryakin Y., Goulart A.C., Graetz N., Gugnani H.C., Guo J., Gupta R., Gupta T., Gupta V., Gutierrez R.A., Hachinski V., Hafezi-Nejad N., Hailu G.B., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Hammami M., Handal A.J., Hankey G.J., Harb H.L., Hareri H.A., Hassanvand M.S., Havmoeller R., Hawley C., Hay S.I., Hedayati M.T., Hendrie D., Heredia-Pi I.B., Hoek H.W., Horita N., Hosgood H.D., Hostiuc S., Hoy D.G., Hsairi M., Hu G., Huang H., Huang J.J., Iburg K.M., Ikeda C., Inoue M., Irvine C.M.S., Jackson M.D., Jacobsen K.H., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M.B., Jauregui A., Javanbakht M., Jeemon P., Johansson L.R.K., Johnson C.O., Jonas J.B., Jurisson M., Kabir Z., Kadel R., Kahsay A., Kamal R., Karch A., Karema C.K., Kasaeian A., Kassebaum N.J., Kastor A., Katikireddi S.V., Kawakami N., Keiyoro P.N., Kelbore S.G., Kemmer L., Kengne A.P., Kesavachandran C.N., Khader Y.S., Khalil I.A., Khan E.A., Khang Y.-H., Khosravi A., Khubchandani J., Kieling C., Kim D., Kim J.Y., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kinfu Y., Kisa A., Kissimova-Skarbek K.A., Kivimaki M., Knibbs L.D., Knudsen A.K., Kopec J.A., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Kravchenko M., Krohn K.J., Kromhout H., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kumar G.A., Kutz M., Kyu H.H., Lal D.K., Lalloo R., Lallukka T., Lan Q., Lansingh V.C., Larsson A., Lee A., Lee P.H., Leigh J., Leung J., Levi M., Li Y., Liang X., Liben M.L., Linn S., Liu P., Lodha R., Logroscino G., Looker K.J., Lopez A.D., Lorkowski S., Lotufo P.A., Lozano R., Lunevicius R., Macarayan E.R.K., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Majdan M., Majdzadeh R., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malhotra R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Manguerra H., Mantovani L.G., Mapoma C.C., Martin R.V., Martinez-Raga J., Martins-Melo F.R., Mathur M.R., Matsushita K., Matzopoulos R., Mazidi M., McAlinden C., McGrath J.J., Mehata S., Mehndiratta M.M., Meier T., Melaku Y.A., Memiah P., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mengesha M.M., Mensah G.A., Mensink G.B.M., Mereta S.T., Meretoja A., Meretoja T.J., Mezgebe H.B., Micha R., Millear A., Miller T.R., Minnig S., Mirarefin M., Mirrakhimov E.M., Misganaw A., Mishra S.R., Mohammad K.A., Mohammed K.E., Mohammed S., Mohamed Ibrahim N., Mohan M.B.V., Mokdad A.H., Monasta L., Montanez Hernandez J.C., Montico M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moraga P., Morawska L., Morrison S.D., Mountjoy-Venning C., Mueller U.O., Mullany E.C., Muller K., Murthy G.V.S., Musa K.I., Naghavi M., Naheed A., Nangia V., Natarajan G., Negoi I., Negoi R.I., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen G., Nguyen M., Nguyen Q.L., Nguyen T.H., Nichols E., Ningrum D.N.A., Nomura M., Nong V.M., Norheim O.F., Norrving B., Noubiap J.J.N., Obermeyer C.M., Ogbo F.A., Oh I.-H., Oladimeji O., Olagunju A.T., Olagunju T.O., Olivares P.R., Olsen H.E., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Opio J.N., Oren E., Ortiz A., Ota E., Owolabi M.O., Pa M., Pacella R.E., Pana A., Panda B.K., Panda-Jonas S., Pandian J.D., Papachristou C., Park E.-K., Parry C.D., Patten S.B., Patton G.C., Pereira D.M., Perico N., Pesudovs K., Petzold M., Phillips M.R., Pillay J.D., Piradov M.A., Pishgar F., Plass D., Pletcher M.A., Polinder S., Popova S., Poulton R.G., Pourmalek F., Prasad N., Purcell C., Qorbani M., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rahimi-Movaghar A., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M., Rahman M.H.U., Rahman M.A., Rai R.K., Rajsic S., Ram U., Rawaf S., Rehm C.D., Rehm J., Reiner R.C., Reitsma M.B., Reynales-Shigematsu L.M., Remuzzi G., Renzaho A.M.N., Resnikoff S., Rezaei S., Ribeiro A.L., Rivera J.A., Roba K.T., Rojas-Rueda D., Roman Y., Room R., Roshandel G., Roth G.A., Rothenbacher D., Rubagotti E., Rushton L., Sadat N., Safdarian M., Safi S., Safiri S., Sahathevan R., Salama J., Salomon J.A., Samy A.M., Sanabria J.R., Sanchez-Nino M.D., Sanchez-Pimienta T.G., Santomauro D., Santos I.S., Santric Milicevic M.M., Sartorius B., Satpathy M., Sawhney M., Saxena S., Schaeffner E., Schmidt M.I., Schneider I.J.C., Schutte A.E., Schwebel D.C., Schwendicke F., Seedat S., Sepanlou S.G., Serdar B., Servan-Mori E.E., Shaddick G., Shaheen A., Shahraz S., Shaikh M.A., Shamah Levy T., Shamsipour M., Shamsizadeh M., Shariful Islam S.M., Sharma J., Sharma R., She J., Shen J., Shi P., Shibuya K., Shields C., Shiferaw M.S., Shigematsu M., Shin M.-J., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Shishani K., Shoman H., Shrime M.G., Sigfusdottir I.D., Silva D.A.S., Silva J.P., Silveira D.G.A., Singh J.A., Singh V., Sinha D.N., Skiadaresi E., Slepak E.L., Smith D.L., Smith M., Sobaih B.H.A., Sobngwi E., Sorensen R.J.D., Sposato L.A., Sreeramareddy C.T., Srinivasan V., Steel N., Stein D.J., Steiner C., Steinke S., Stokes M.A., Strub B., Subart M., Sufiyan M.B., Suliankatchi R.A., Sur P.J., Swaminathan S., Sykes B.L., Szoeke C.E.I., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tadakamadla S.K., Takahashi K., Takala J.S., Tandon N., Tanner M., Tarekegn Y.L., Tavakkoli M., Tegegne T.K., Soneji S., Alahdab F., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Terkawi A.S., Tesssema B., Thakur J.S., Thamsuwan O., Thankappan K.R., Theis A.M., Thomas M.L., Thomson A.J., Thrift A.G., Tillmann T., Tobe-Gai R., Tobollik M., Tollanes M.C., Tonelli M., Topor-Madry R., Torre A., Tortajada M., Touvier M., Tran B.X., Truelsen T., Tuem K.B., Tuzcu E.M., Tyrovolas S., Ukwaja K.N., Uneke C.J., Updike R., Uthman O.A., Van Boven J.F.M., Van Donkelaar A., Varughese S., Vasankari T., Veerman L.J., Venkateswaran V., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vladimirov S.K., Vlassov V.V., Vollset S.E., Vos T., Wadilo F., Wakayo T., Wallin M.T., Wang Y.-P., Weichenthal S., Weiderpass E., Weintraub R.G., Weiss D.J., Werdecker A., Westerman R., Whiteford H.A., Wiysonge C.S., Woldeyes B.G., Wolfe C.D.A., Woodbrook R., Workicho A., Wulf Hanson S., Xavier D., Xu G., Yadgir S., Yakob B., Yan L.L., Yaseri M., Yimam H.H., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yoon S.-J., Yotebieng M., Younis M.Z., Zaidi Z., El Sayed Zaki M., Zavala-Arciniega L., Zhang X., Zimsen S.R.M., Zipkin B., Zodpey S., Lim S.S., Murray C.J.L., Gakidou E., Afshin A., Abajobir A.A., Abate K.H., Abbafati C., Abbas K.M., Abd-Allah F., Abdulle A.M., Abera S.F., Aboyans V., Abu-Raddad L.J., Abu-Rmeileh N.M.E., Abyu G.Y., Adedeji I.A., Adetokunboh O., Afarideh M., Agrawal A., Agrawal S., Ahmad Kiadaliri A., Ahmadieh H., Ahmed M.B., Aichour A.N., Aichour I., Aichour M.T.E., Akinyemi R.O., Akseer N., Al-Aly Z., Alam K., Alam N., Alam T., Alasfoor D., Alene K.A., Ali K., Alizadeh-Navaei R., Alkerwi A., Alla F., Allebeck P., Al-Raddadi R., Alsharif U., Altirkawi K.A., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A.T., Amini E., Ammar W., Amoako Y.A., Ansari H., Anto J.M., Antonio C.A.T., Anwari P., Arian N., Arnlov J., Artaman A., Aryal K.K., Asayesh H., Asgedom S.W., Atey T.M., Avila-Burgos L., Avokpaho E.F.G.A., Awasthi A., Azzopardi P., Bacha U., Badawi A., Balakrishnan K., Ballew S.H., Barac A., Barber R.M., Barker-Collo S.L., Barnighausen T., Barquera S., Barregard L., Barrero L.H., Batis C., Battle K.E., Baune B.T., Beardsley J., Bedi N., Beghi E., Bell M.L., Bennett D.A., Bennett J.R., Bensenor I.M., Berhane A., Berhe D.F., Bernabe E., Betsu B.D., Beuran M., Beyene A.S., Bhansali A., Bhutta Z.A., Bikbov B., Birungi C., Biryukov S., Blosser C.D., Boneya D.J., Bou-Orm I.R., Brauer M., Breitborde N.J.K., Brenner H., Brugha T.S., Bulto L.N.B., Baumgarner B.R., Butt Z.A., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Cardenas R., Carrero J.J., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Catala-Lopez F., Cercy K., Chang H.-Y., Charlson F.J., Chimed-Ochir O., Chisumpa V.H., Chitheer A.A., Christensen H., Christopher D.J., Cirillo M., Cohen A.J., Comfort H., Cooper C., Coresh J., Cornaby L., Cortesi P.A., Criqui M.H., Crump J.A., Dandona L., Dandona R., Das Neves J., Davey G., Davitoiu D.V., Davletov K., De Courten B., Degenhardt L., Deiparine S., Dellavalle R.P., Deribe K., Deshpande A., Dharmaratne S.D., Ding E.L., Djalalinia S., Do H.P., Dokova K., Doku D.T., Dorsey E.R., Driscoll T.R., Dubey M., Duncan B.B., Duncan S., Ebert N., Ebrahimi H., El-Khatib Z.Z., Enayati A., Endries A.Y., Ermakov S.P., Erskine H.E., Eshrati B., Eskandarieh S., Esteghamati A., Estep K., Faraon E.J.A., Farinha C.S.E.S., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Fay K., Feigin V.L., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes J.C., Ferrari A.J., Feyissa T.R., Filip I., Fischer F., Fitzmaurice C., Flaxman A.D., Foigt N., Foreman K.J., Frostad J.J., Fullman N., Furst T., Furtado J.M., Ganji M., Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Gebrehiwot T.T., Geleijnse J.M., Geleto A., Gemechu B.L., Gesesew H.A., Gething P.W., Ghajar A., Gibney K.B., Gill P.S., Gillum R.F., Giref A.Z., Gishu M.D., Giussani G., Godwin W.W., Gona P.N., Goodridge A., Gopalani S.V., Goryakin Y., Goulart A.C., Graetz N., Gugnani H.C., Guo J., Gupta R., Gupta T., Gupta V., Gutierrez R.A., Hachinski V., Hafezi-Nejad N., Hailu G.B., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Hammami M., Handal A.J., Hankey G.J., Harb H.L., Hareri H.A., Hassanvand M.S., Havmoeller R., Hawley C., Hay S.I., Hedayati M.T., Hendrie D., Heredia-Pi I.B., Hoek H.W., Horita N., Hosgood H.D., Hostiuc S., Hoy D.G., Hsairi M., Hu G., Huang H., Huang J.J., Iburg K.M., Ikeda C., Inoue M., Irvine C.M.S., Jackson M.D., Jacobsen K.H., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M.B., Jauregui A., Javanbakht M., Jeemon P., Johansson L.R.K., Johnson C.O., Jonas J.B., Jurisson M., Kabir Z., Kadel R., Kahsay A., Kamal R., Karch A., Karema C.K., Kasaeian A., Kassebaum N.J., Kastor A., Katikireddi S.V., Kawakami N., Keiyoro P.N., Kelbore S.G., Kemmer L., Kengne A.P., Kesavachandran C.N., Khader Y.S., Khalil I.A., Khan E.A., Khang Y.-H., Khosravi A., Khubchandani J., Kieling C., Kim D., Kim J.Y., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kinfu Y., Kisa A., Kissimova-Skarbek K.A., Kivimaki M., Knibbs L.D., Knudsen A.K., Kopec J.A., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Kravchenko M., Krohn K.J., Kromhout H., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kumar G.A., Kutz M., Kyu H.H., Lal D.K., Lalloo R., Lallukka T., Lan Q., Lansingh V.C., Larsson A., Lee A., Lee P.H., Leigh J., Leung J., Levi M., Li Y., Liang X., Liben M.L., Linn S., Liu P., Lodha R., Logroscino G., Looker K.J., Lopez A.D., Lorkowski S., Lotufo P.A., Lozano R., Lunevicius R., Macarayan E.R.K., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Majdan M., Majdzadeh R., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malhotra R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Manguerra H., Mantovani L.G., Mapoma C.C., Martin R.V., Martinez-Raga J., Martins-Melo F.R., Mathur M.R., Matsushita K., Matzopoulos R., Mazidi M., McAlinden C., McGrath J.J., Mehata S., Mehndiratta M.M., Meier T., Melaku Y.A., Memiah P., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mengesha M.M., Mensah G.A., Mensink G.B.M., Mereta S.T., Meretoja A., Meretoja T.J., Mezgebe H.B., Micha R., Millear A., Miller T.R., Minnig S., Mirarefin M., Mirrakhimov E.M., Misganaw A., Mishra S.R., Mohammad K.A., Mohammed K.E., Mohammed S., Mohamed Ibrahim N., Mohan M.B.V., Mokdad A.H., Monasta L., Montanez Hernandez J.C., Montico M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moraga P., Morawska L., Morrison S.D., Mountjoy-Venning C., Mueller U.O., Mullany E.C., Muller K., Murthy G.V.S., Musa K.I., Naghavi M., Naheed A., Nangia V., Natarajan G., Negoi I., Negoi R.I., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen G., Nguyen M., Nguyen Q.L., Nguyen T.H., Nichols E., Ningrum D.N.A., Nomura M., Nong V.M., Norheim O.F., Norrving B., Noubiap J.J.N., Obermeyer C.M., Ogbo F.A., Oh I.-H., Oladimeji O., Olagunju A.T., Olagunju T.O., Olivares P.R., Olsen H.E., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Opio J.N., Oren E., Ortiz A., Ota E., Owolabi M.O., Pa M., Pacella R.E., Pana A., Panda B.K., Panda-Jonas S., Pandian J.D., Papachristou C., Park E.-K., Parry C.D., Patten S.B., Patton G.C., Pereira D.M., Perico N., Pesudovs K., Petzold M., Phillips M.R., Pillay J.D., Piradov M.A., Pishgar F., Plass D., Pletcher M.A., Polinder S., Popova S., Poulton R.G., Pourmalek F., Prasad N., Purcell C., Qorbani M., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rahimi-Movaghar A., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M., Rahman M.H.U., Rahman M.A., Rai R.K., Rajsic S., Ram U., Rawaf S., Rehm C.D., Rehm J., Reiner R.C., Reitsma M.B., Reynales-Shigematsu L.M., Remuzzi G., Renzaho A.M.N., Resnikoff S., Rezaei S., Ribeiro A.L., Rivera J.A., Roba K.T., Rojas-Rueda D., Roman Y., Room R., Roshandel G., Roth G.A., Rothenbacher D., Rubagotti E., Rushton L., Sadat N., Safdarian M., Safi S., Safiri S., Sahathevan R., Salama J., Salomon J.A., Samy A.M., Sanabria J.R., Sanchez-Nino M.D., Sanchez-Pimienta T.G., Santomauro D., Santos I.S., Santric Milicevic M.M., Sartorius B., Satpathy M., Sawhney M., Saxena S., Schaeffner E., Schmidt M.I., Schneider I.J.C., Schutte A.E., Schwebel D.C., Schwendicke F., Seedat S., Sepanlou S.G., Serdar B., Servan-Mori E.E., Shaddick G., Shaheen A., Shahraz S., Shaikh M.A., Shamah Levy T., Shamsipour M., Shamsizadeh M., Shariful Islam S.M., Sharma J., Sharma R., She J., Shen J., Shi P., Shibuya K., Shields C., Shiferaw M.S., Shigematsu M., Shin M.-J., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Shishani K., Shoman H., Shrime M.G., Sigfusdottir I.D., Silva D.A.S., Silva J.P., Silveira D.G.A., Singh J.A., Singh V., Sinha D.N., Skiadaresi E., Slepak E.L., Smith D.L., Smith M., Sobaih B.H.A., Sobngwi E., Sorensen R.J.D., Sposato L.A., Sreeramareddy C.T., Srinivasan V., Steel N., Stein D.J., Steiner C., Steinke S., Stokes M.A., Strub B., Subart M., Sufiyan M.B., Suliankatchi R.A., Sur P.J., Swaminathan S., Sykes B.L., Szoeke C.E.I., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tadakamadla S.K., Takahashi K., Takala J.S., Tandon N., Tanner M., Tarekegn Y.L., Tavakkoli M., and Tegegne T.K.
- Abstract
Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of risk factor exposure and attributable burden of disease. By providing estimates over a long time series, this study can monitor risk exposure trends critical to health surveillance and inform policy debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Method(s): We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2016. This study included 481 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk (RR) and exposure estimates from 22 717 randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources, according to the GBD 2016 source counting methods. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. Finally, we explored four drivers of trends in attributable burden: population growth, population ageing, trends in risk exposure, and all other factors combined. Finding(s): Since 1990, exposure increased significantly for 30 risks, did not change significantly for four risks, and decreased significantly for 31 risks. Among risks that are leading causes of burden of disease, child growth failure and household air pollution showed the most significant declines, while metabolic risks, such as body-mass index and high fasting plasma glucose, showed significant increases. In 2016, at Level 3 of the hierarchy, the three leading risk factors in terms of attributable DALYs at the global level for m
- Published
- 2017
105. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- Author
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Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Afarideh, Mohsen, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Tahiya, Alasfoor, Deena, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Ali, Komal, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Ansari, Hossein, Antó, Josep M., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwari, Palwasha, Arian, Nicholas, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asayesh, Hamid, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Ballew, Shoshana H., Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan M., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Bärnighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H., Batis, Carolina, Battle, Katherine E., Baune, Bernhard T., Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, Derrick A., Bennett, James R., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, Bernabé, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beuran, Mircea, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhansali, Anil, Bhutta, Zulfqar A., Bikbov, Boris, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Blosser, Christopher D., Boneya, Dube Jara, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R., Brauer, Michael, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brenner, Hermann, Brugha, Traolach S., Bulto, Lemma Negesa Bulto, Baumgarner, Blair R., Butt, Zahid A., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cercy, Kelly, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Charlson, Fiona J., Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A., Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Cirillo, Massimo, Cohen, Aaron J., Comfort, Haley, Cooper, Cyrus, Coresh, Josef, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Criqui, Michael H., Crump, John A., Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Das Neves, José, Davey, Gail, Davitoiu, Dragos V., Davletov, Kairat, De Courten, Barbora, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Ding, Eric L., Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Dorsey, E. 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K., Johnson, Catherine O., Jonas, Jost B., Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kamal, Ritul, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kelbore, Sefonias Getachew, Kemmer, Laura, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Jun Y., Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A., Kivimaki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krohn, Kristopher J., Kromhout, Hans, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kumar, G. Anil, Kutz, Michael, Kyu, Hmwe H., Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C., Larsson, Anders, Lee, Alexander, Lee, Paul H., Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Linn, Shai, Liu, Patrick, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katherine J., Lopez, Alan D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manguerra, Helena, Mantovani, Lorenzo G., Mapoma, Chabila C., Martin, Randall V., Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., Mehata, Suresh, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Meier, Toni, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mensah, George A., Mensink, Gert B. M., Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Micha, Renata, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R., Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Shiva Raj, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Kedir Endris, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohamed Ibrahim, Norlinah, Mohan, Murali B. V., Mokdad, Ali H., Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morrison, Shane D., Mountjoy-Venning, Cliff, Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin C., Muller, Kate, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nangia, Vinay, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Minh, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nomura, Marika, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F., Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N., Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen E., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Pa, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana E., Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandian, Jeyaraj D., Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A., Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Pletcher, Martin A., Polinder, Suzanne, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Carrie, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Rawaf, Salman, Rehm, Colin D., Rehm, Jürgen, Reiner, Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa B., Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz Myriam, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Rivera, Juan A., Roba, Kedir Teji, Rojas-Rueda, David, Roman, Yesenia, Room, Robin, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rushton, Lesley, Sadat, Nafis, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Salama, Joseph, Salomon, Joshua A., Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Santomauro, Damian, Santos, Itamar S., Santric Milicevic, Milena M., Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Schaeffner, Elke, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schutte, Aletta E., Schwebel, David C., Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Serdar, Berrin, Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shaddick, Gavin, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamah Levy, Teresa, Shamsipour, Mansour, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Shen, Jiabin, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shields, Chloe, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shishani, Kawkab, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Smith, David L., Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr H. A., Sobngwi, Eugene, Soneji, Samir, Sorensen, Reed J. D., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Srinivasan, Vinay, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Caitlyn, Steinke, Sabine, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Strub, Bryan, Subart, Michelle, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader, Sur, Patrick J., Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Takahashi, Ken, Takala, Jukka S., Tandon, Nikhil, Tanner, Marcel, Tarekegn, Yihunie L., Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesssema, Belay, Thakur, J. 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M., Van Donkelaar, Aaron, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi, Veerman, Lennert J., Venkateswaran, Vidhya, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S., Vladimirov, Sergey K., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wadilo, Fiseha, Wakayo, Tolassa, Wallin, Mitchell T., Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Weiss, Daniel J., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyes, Belete Getahun, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Woodbrook, Rachel, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Wulf Hanson, Sarah, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yakob, Bereket, Yan, Lijing L., Yaseri, Mehdi, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z., Zaidi, Zoubida, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Zavala-Arciniega, Luis, Zhang, Xueying, Zimsen, Stephanie Raman M., Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Lim, Stephen S., Murray, Christopher J. 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Sa, Faro, André, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fay, Kairsten, Feigin, Valery L., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, João C., Ferrari, Alize J., Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D., Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J., Frostad, Joseph J., Fullman, Nancy, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, Joao M., Ganji, Morsaleh, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Geleto, Ayele, Gemechu, Bikila Lencha, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gething, Peter W., Ghajar, Alireza, Gibney, Katherine B., Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gillum, Richard F., Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William W., Gona, Philimon N., Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goryakin, Yevgeniy, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Jingwen, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Vipin, Gutiérrez, Reyna A., Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Harb, Hilda L., Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin, Hay, Simon I., Hedayati, Mohammad T., Hendrie, Delia, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hoek, Hans W., Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ikeda, Chad, Inoue, Manami, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Jackson, Maria Delores, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Jauregui, Alejandra, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Johansson, Lars R. K., Johnson, Catherine O., Jonas, Jost B., Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kamal, Ritul, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kelbore, Sefonias Getachew, Kemmer, Laura, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Jun Y., Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A., Kivimaki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krohn, Kristopher J., Kromhout, Hans, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kumar, G. Anil, Kutz, Michael, Kyu, Hmwe H., Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C., Larsson, Anders, Lee, Alexander, Lee, Paul H., Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Linn, Shai, Liu, Patrick, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katherine J., Lopez, Alan D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manguerra, Helena, Mantovani, Lorenzo G., Mapoma, Chabila C., Martin, Randall V., Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., Mehata, Suresh, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Meier, Toni, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mensah, George A., Mensink, Gert B. M., Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Micha, Renata, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R., Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Shiva Raj, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Kedir Endris, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohamed Ibrahim, Norlinah, Mohan, Murali B. V., Mokdad, Ali H., Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morrison, Shane D., Mountjoy-Venning, Cliff, Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin C., Muller, Kate, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nangia, Vinay, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Minh, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nomura, Marika, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F., Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N., Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen E., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Pa, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana E., Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandian, Jeyaraj D., Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A., Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Pletcher, Martin A., Polinder, Suzanne, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Carrie, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Rawaf, Salman, Rehm, Colin D., Rehm, Jürgen, Reiner, Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa B., Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz Myriam, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Rivera, Juan A., Roba, Kedir Teji, Rojas-Rueda, David, Roman, Yesenia, Room, Robin, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rushton, Lesley, Sadat, Nafis, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Salama, Joseph, Salomon, Joshua A., Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Santomauro, Damian, Santos, Itamar S., Santric Milicevic, Milena M., Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Schaeffner, Elke, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schutte, Aletta E., Schwebel, David C., Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Serdar, Berrin, Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shaddick, Gavin, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamah Levy, Teresa, Shamsipour, Mansour, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Shen, Jiabin, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shields, Chloe, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shishani, Kawkab, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Smith, David L., Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr H. A., Sobngwi, Eugene, Soneji, Samir, Sorensen, Reed J. D., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Srinivasan, Vinay, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Caitlyn, Steinke, Sabine, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Strub, Bryan, Subart, Michelle, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader, Sur, Patrick J., Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Takahashi, Ken, Takala, Jukka S., Tandon, Nikhil, Tanner, Marcel, Tarekegn, Yihunie L., Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesssema, Belay, Thakur, J. S., Thamsuwan, Ornwipa, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Theis, Andrew M., Thomas, Matthew Lloyd, Thomson, Alan J., Thrift, Amanda G., Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tobollik, Myriam, Tollanes, Mette C., Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna, Tortajada, Miguel, Touvier, Mathilde, Tran, Bach Xuan, Truelsen, Thomas, Tuem, Kald Beshir, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Updike, Rachel, Uthman, Olalekan A., Van Boven, Job F. M., Van Donkelaar, Aaron, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi, Veerman, Lennert J., Venkateswaran, Vidhya, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S., Vladimirov, Sergey K., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wadilo, Fiseha, Wakayo, Tolassa, Wallin, Mitchell T., Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Weiss, Daniel J., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyes, Belete Getahun, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Woodbrook, Rachel, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Wulf Hanson, Sarah, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yakob, Bereket, Yan, Lijing L., Yaseri, Mehdi, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z., Zaidi, Zoubida, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Zavala-Arciniega, Luis, Zhang, Xueying, Zimsen, Stephanie Raman M., Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Lim, Stephen S., and Murray, Christopher J. L.
- Abstract
Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of risk factor exposure and attributable burden of disease. By providing estimates over a long time series, this study can monitor risk exposure trends critical to health surveillance and inform policy debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods: We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2016. This study included 481 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk (RR) and exposure estimates from 22 717 randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources, according to the GBD 2016 source counting methods. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. Finally, we explored four drivers of trends in attributable burden: population growth, population ageing, trends in risk exposure, and all other factors combined. Findings: Since 1990, exposure increased significantly for 30 risks, did not change significantly for four risks, and decreased significantly for 31 risks. Among risks that are leading causes of burden of disease, child growth failure and household air pollution showed the most significant declines, while metabolic risks, such as body-mass index and high fasting plasma glucose, showed significant increases. In 2016, at Level 3 of the hierarchy, the three leading risk factors in terms of attributable DALYs at the global level for men w
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- 2017
106. Reframing the science and policy of nicotine, illegal drugs and alcohol - conclusions of the ALICE RAP Project.
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Anderson, P, Berridge, V, Conrod, P, Dudley, R, Hellman, M, Lachenmeier, D, Lingford-Hughes, A, Miller, D, Rehm, J, Room, R, Schmidt, L, Sullivan, R, Ysa, T, Gual, A, Anderson, P, Berridge, V, Conrod, P, Dudley, R, Hellman, M, Lachenmeier, D, Lingford-Hughes, A, Miller, D, Rehm, J, Room, R, Schmidt, L, Sullivan, R, Ysa, T, and Gual, A
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In 2013, illegal drug use was responsible for 1.8% of years of life lost in the European Union, alcohol was responsible for 8.2% and tobacco for 18.2%, imposing economic burdens in excess of 2.5% of GDP. No single European country has optimal governance structures for reducing the harm done by nicotine, illegal drugs and alcohol, and existing ones are poorly designed, fragmented, and sometimes cause harm. Reporting the main science and policy conclusions of a transdisciplinary five-year analysis of the place of addictions in Europe, researchers from 67 scientific institutions addressed these problems by reframing an understanding of addictions. A new paradigm needs to account for evolutionary evidence which suggests that humans are biologically predisposed to seek out drugs, and that, today, individuals face availability of high drug doses, consequently increasing the risk of harm. New definitions need to acknowledge that the defining element of addictive drugs is 'heavy use over time', a concept that could replace the diagnostic artefact captured by the clinical term 'substance use disorder', thus opening the door for new substances to be considered such as sugar. Tools of quantitative risk assessment that recognize drugs as toxins could be further deployed to assess regulatory approaches to reducing harm. Re-designed governance of drugs requires embedding policy within a comprehensive societal well-being frame that encompasses a range of domains of well-being, including quality of life, material living conditions and sustainability over time; such a frame adds arguments to the inappropriateness of policies that criminalize individuals for using drugs and that continue to categorize certain drugs as illegal. A health footprint, modelled on the carbon footprint, and using quantitative measures such as years of life lost due to death or disability, could serve as the accountability tool that apportions responsibility for who and what causes drug-related harm.
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- 2017
107. Adolescents' exposure to paid alcohol advertising on television and their alcohol use: exploring associations during a 13-year period
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White, V, Azar, D, Faulkner, A, Coomber, K, Durkin, S, Livingston, M, Chikritzhs, T, Room, R, Wakefield, M, White, V, Azar, D, Faulkner, A, Coomber, K, Durkin, S, Livingston, M, Chikritzhs, T, Room, R, and Wakefield, M
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AIMS: To determine (i) whether Australian adolescents' exposure to television alcohol advertisements changed between 1999 and 2011 and (ii) examine the association between television alcohol advertising and adolescent drinking behaviours. DESIGN: Cross-sectional surveys conducted every 3 years between 1999 and 2011. Analyses examined associations between advertising exposures and reported drinking. SETTING: Five Australian major cities. PARTICIPANTS: Students aged 12-17 years participating in a triennial nationally representative school-based survey residing in the television advertising markets associated with the major cities (sample size range per survey: 12 644-16 004). MEASUREMENTS: Outcome measures were: drinking in the past month, past week and past-week risky drinking (5+ drinks on a day). The key predictor variable was past-month adolescent-directed alcohol advertising Targeted Rating Points (TRPs, a measure of television advertising exposure). Control measures included student-level characteristics, government alcohol-control advertising TRPs, road safety (drink-driving) TRPs and time of survey. FINDINGS: Average monthly adolescent alcohol TRPs increased between 1999 (mean = 2371) to 2005 (mean = 2679) (P < 0.01) then decreased between 2005 and 2011: (mean = 880) (P < 0.01). Multi-level logistic regression analyses that adjusted for survey timing, student level factors and alcohol-control advertising variables showed a significant association between past-month alcohol TRPs and past-month drinking [odds ratio (OR) = 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-1.15), past-week drinking (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.06-1.14) and past-week risky drinking (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.09-1.22). Past-week risky drinking was associated inversely with road safety TRPs (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.49-0.98). CONCLUSIONS: While Australian adolescents' exposure to alcohol advertising on television reduced between 1999 and 2011, higher levels of past-month television alcohol advertising we
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- 2017
108. The cultural aspect: How to measure and interpret epidemiological data on alcohol-use disorders across cultures
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Rehm, J, Room, R, Rehm, J, and Room, R
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AIMS: To examine the cultural impact on the diagnosis of alcohol-use disorders using European countries as examples. DESIGN: Narrative review. RESULTS: There are strong cultural norms guiding heavy drinking occasions and loss of control. These norms not only indicate what drinking behaviour is acceptable, but also whether certain behaviours can be reported or not. As modern diagnostic systems are based on lists of mostly behavioural criteria, where alcohol-use disorders are defined by a positive answer on at least one, two or three of these criteria, culture will inevitably co-determine how many people will get a diagnosis. This explains the multifold differences in incidence and prevalence of alcohol-use disorders, even between countries where the average drinking levels are similar. Thus, the incidence and prevalence of alcohol-use disorders as assessed by surveys or rigorous application of standardised instruments must be judged as measuring social norms as well as the intended mental disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Current practice to measure alcohol-use disorders based on a list of culture-specific diagnostic criteria results in incomparability in the incidence, prevalence or disease burden between countries. For epidemiological purposes, a more grounded definition of diagnostic criteria seems necessary, which could probably be given by using heavy drinking over time.
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- 2017
109. Prevalence, perceptions and predictors of alcohol consumption and abstinence among South Australian school students: a cross-sectional analysis
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Bowden, JA, Delfabbro, P, Room, R, Miller, CL, Wilson, C, Bowden, JA, Delfabbro, P, Room, R, Miller, CL, and Wilson, C
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BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption by young people (particularly early initiation) is a predictor for poorer health in later life. In addition, evidence now clearly shows a causal link between alcohol and cancer. This study investigated prevalence, predictors of alcohol consumption among adolescents including perceptions of the link between alcohol and cancer, and the role of parents and peers. METHODS: A sample of Australian school students aged 12-17 years participated in a survey (n = 2885). Logistic regression analysis was undertaken to determine predictors. RESULTS: Alcohol use increased with age and by 16, most had tried alcohol with 33.1% of students aged 12-17 reporting that they drank at least occasionally (95% CI = 31.0-35.2). Awareness of the link between alcohol and cancer was low (28.5%). Smoking status and friends' approval were predictive of drinking, whereas parental disapproval was protective. Those aged 14-17 who did not think the link between alcohol and cancer was important were more likely to drink, as were those living in areas of least disadvantage. The only factors that predicted recent drinking were smoking and the perception that alcohol was easy to purchase. CONCLUSIONS: An education campaign highlighting the link between alcohol and cancer may have positive flow-on effects for young people, and schools should incorporate this messaging into any alcohol education programs. Consideration should be given to factors that serve to regulate under-aged accessibility of alcohol.
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- 2017
110. THE CONTRIBUTION OF UNRECORDED ALCOHOL TO HEALTH HARM
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Rehm, J, Gmel, G, Hasan, OSM, Imtiaz, S, Popova, S, Probst, C, Roerecke, M, Room, R, Samokhvalov, AV, Shield, KD, Shuper, PA, Rehm, J, Gmel, G, Hasan, OSM, Imtiaz, S, Popova, S, Probst, C, Roerecke, M, Room, R, Samokhvalov, AV, Shield, KD, and Shuper, PA
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- 2017
111. The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of diseasean update
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Rehm, J, Gmel, GE, Gmel, G, Hasan, OSM, Imtiaz, S, Popova, S, Probst, C, Roerecke, M, Room, R, Samokhvalov, AV, Shield, KD, Shuper, PA, Rehm, J, Gmel, GE, Gmel, G, Hasan, OSM, Imtiaz, S, Popova, S, Probst, C, Roerecke, M, Room, R, Samokhvalov, AV, Shield, KD, and Shuper, PA
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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Alcohol use is a major contributor to injuries, mortality and the burden of disease. This review updates knowledge on risk relations between dimensions of alcohol use and health outcomes to be used in global and national Comparative Risk Assessments (CRAs). METHODS: Systematic review of reviews and meta-analyses on alcohol consumption and health outcomes attributable to alcohol use. For dimensions of exposure: volume of alcohol use, blood alcohol concentration and patterns of drinking, in particular heavy drinking occasions were studied. For liver cirrhosis, quality of alcohol was additionally considered. For all outcomes (mortality and/or morbidity): cause of death and disease/injury categories based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes used in global CRAs; harm to others. RESULTS: In total, 255 reviews and meta-analyses were identified. Alcohol use was found to be linked causally to many disease and injury categories, with more than 40 ICD-10 three-digit categories being fully attributable to alcohol. Most partially attributable disease categories showed monotonic relationships with volume of alcohol use: the more alcohol consumed, the higher the risk of disease or death. Exceptions were ischaemic diseases and diabetes, with curvilinear relationships, and with beneficial effects of light to moderate drinking in people without heavy irregular drinking occasions. Biological pathways suggest an impact of heavy drinking occasions on additional diseases; however, the lack of medical epidemiological studies measuring this dimension of alcohol use precluded an in-depth analysis. For injuries, except suicide, blood alcohol concentration was the most important dimension of alcohol use. Alcohol use caused marked harm to others, which has not yet been researched sufficiently. CONCLUSIONS: Research since 2010 confirms the importance of alcohol use as a risk factor for disease and injuries; for some health outcomes, more than one dimensi
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- 2017
112. ALCOHOL MARKETING AND YOUTH DRINKING IN ASIA
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Jiang, H, Xiang, X, Waleewong, O, Room, R, Jiang, H, Xiang, X, Waleewong, O, and Room, R
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- 2017
113. Alcohol's involvement in an array of harms to intimate partners
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Laslett, A-M, Jiang, H, Room, R, Laslett, A-M, Jiang, H, and Room, R
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INTRODUCTION: Harms from intimate partners' (IP) drinking range from frustration because the partner has not performed their role to assault. AIM: To describe the prevalence and persistence of alcohol-related harms to IPs and assess which respondents are more likely to report discontinuation of this harm. DESIGN AND METHODS: Cross-sectional (n = 2649) and follow-up (n = 1106) alcohol's harm to others telephone surveys in 2008 and 2011 (response rates of 35% and 15% of the original sample respectively) were used to elicit harms to respondents from their IP's drinking (by gender and relationship). To examine discontinuation, a sub-sample of 83 respondents was analysed in detail. RESULTS: A total of 6.7% of Australians were negatively affected by an IP's drinking in 2008. Women were more likely to report harm than men from an IP's drinking. Of the 1106 respondents who completed both surveys, the majority (90%) reported no harm from IPs although 3% reported harm in both surveys. No significant correlates of discontinuation of harm were identified. DISCUSSION: Many Australian relationships are affected in a range of ways because of the drinking of their IPs. A minority of respondents were affected by their IP's drinking, yet over half (57%) of those harmed in 2008 continued to experience harm in 2011. Additionally, half (46.9%) of those who were not harmed in 2008 but did live with a heavy drinking IP did go on to be harmed in 2011. More research on the role of alcohol-related harm from IPs with larger samples is required to examine predictors of change. [Laslett A-M, Jiang H, Room R. Alcohol's involvement in an array of harms to intimate partners. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:72-79].
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- 2017
114. Lifetime alcohol intake is associated with an increased risk of KRAS plus and BRAF-/KRAS- but not BRAF plus colorectal cancer
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Jayasekara, H, MacInnis, RJ, Williamson, EJ, Hodge, AM, Clendenning, M, Rosty, C, Walters, R, Room, R, Southey, MC, Jenkins, MA, Milne, RL, Hopper, JL, Giles, GG, Buchanan, DD, English, DR, Jayasekara, H, MacInnis, RJ, Williamson, EJ, Hodge, AM, Clendenning, M, Rosty, C, Walters, R, Room, R, Southey, MC, Jenkins, MA, Milne, RL, Hopper, JL, Giles, GG, Buchanan, DD, and English, DR
- Abstract
Ethanol in alcoholic beverages is a causative agent for colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer is a biologically heterogeneous disease, and molecular subtypes defined by the presence of somatic mutations in BRAF and KRAS are known to exist. We examined associations between lifetime alcohol intake and molecular and anatomic subtypes of colorectal cancer. We calculated usual alcohol intake for 10-year periods from age 20 using recalled frequency and quantity of beverage-specific consumption for 38,149 participants aged 40-69 years from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Cox regression was performed to derive hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between lifetime alcohol intake and colorectal cancer risk. Heterogeneity in the HRs across subtypes of colorectal cancer was assessed. A positive dose-dependent association between lifetime alcohol intake and overall colorectal cancer risk (mean follow-up = 14.6 years; n = 596 colon and n = 326 rectal cancer) was observed (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04-1.12 per 10 g/day increment). The risk was greater for rectal than colon cancer (phomogeneity = 0.02). Alcohol intake was associated with increased risks of KRAS+ (HR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.00-1.15) and BRAF-/KRAS- (HR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00-1.11) but not BRAF+ tumors (HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.78-1.01; phomogeneity = 0.01). Alcohol intake is associated with an increased risk of KRAS+ and BRAF-/KRAS- tumors originating via specific molecular pathways including the traditional adenoma-carcinoma pathway but not with BRAF+ tumors originating via the serrated pathway. Therefore, limiting alcohol intake from a young age might reduce colorectal cancer originating via the traditional adenoma-carcinoma pathway.
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- 2017
115. Gearing up at the Review.
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Room, R, Dietze, P, McKetin, R, Room, R, Dietze, P, and McKetin, R
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- 2017
116. Life-time risk of mortality due to different levels of alcohol consumption in seven European countries: implications for low-risk drinking guidelines
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Shield, KD, Gmel, G, Makela, P, Probst, C, Room, R, Rehm, J, Shield, KD, Gmel, G, Makela, P, Probst, C, Room, R, and Rehm, J
- Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Low-risk alcohol drinking guidelines require a scientific basis that extends beyond individual or group judgements of risk. Life-time mortality risks, judged against established thresholds for acceptable risk, may provide such a basis for guidelines. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate alcohol mortality risks for seven European countries based on different average daily alcohol consumption amounts. METHODS: The maximum acceptable voluntary premature mortality risk was determined to be one in 1000, with sensitivity analyses of one in 100. Life-time mortality risks for different alcohol consumption levels were estimated by combining disease-specific relative risk and mortality data for seven European countries with different drinking patterns (Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy and Poland). Alcohol consumption data were obtained from the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health, relative risk data from meta-analyses and mortality information from the World Health Organization. RESULTS: The variation in the life-time mortality risk at drinking levels relevant for setting guidelines was less than that observed at high drinking levels. In Europe, the percentage of adults consuming above a risk threshold of one in 1000 ranged from 20.6 to 32.9% for women and from 35.4 to 54.0% for men. Life-time risk of premature mortality under current guideline maximums ranged from 2.5 to 44.8 deaths per 1000 women in Finland and Estonia, respectively, and from 2.9 to 35.8 deaths per 1000 men in Finland and Estonia, respectively. If based upon an acceptable risk of one in 1000, guideline maximums for Europe should be 8-10 g/day for women and 15-20 g/day for men. CONCLUSIONS: If low-risk alcohol guidelines were based on an acceptable risk of one in 1000 premature deaths, then maximums for Europe should be 8-10 g/day for women and 15-20 g/day for men, and some of the current European guidelines would require downward revision.
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- 2017
117. Off-premise alcohol purchasing in Australia: Variations by age group, income level and annual amount purchased
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Jiang, H, Callinan, S, Livingston, M, Room, R, Jiang, H, Callinan, S, Livingston, M, and Room, R
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: To delineate what type and how much alcohol is purchased from different types of off-licence premises and how this varies across demographic sub-groups, as a basis for public debate and decisions on pricing and planning policies to reduce alcohol-related harm in Australia. DESIGN AND METHODS: The data on alcohol purchasing from off-licence premises are taken from the Australian Alcohol Consumption and Purchasing survey-a nationally representative landline and mobile telephone survey in 2013 on the experiences with alcohol consumption and purchasing of 2020 Australians aged 16+. The present analysis uses data from 1730 respondents who purchased alcohol from off-licence premises in the previous 6 months. RESULTS: The majority (54%) of alcohol purchased from off-licence premises was sold from liquor barns (large warehouse-style alcohol stores), with bottle shops (31%) the second most common outlet. Cask wine was the cheapest alcohol available at off-licence premises in Australia. Respondents in higher alcohol purchasing quintiles and with those with lower income purchased a higher percentage of cheaper alcohol in their total volume of purchasing than lower purchasing quintiles and those with middle and higher income, and younger respondents purchased more expensive alcohol than older age groups. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: A minimum unit price or increasing alcohol taxes may effectively reduce alcohol purchasing for lower income heavy alcohol purchasers and older age groups from off-licence premise sources, and may be less effective on younger age groups. [Jiang H, Callinan S, Livingston M, Room R. Off-premise alcohol purchasing in Australia: Variations by age group, income level and annual amount purchased. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:210-219].
- Published
- 2017
118. Queensland Alcohol-related violence and Night Time Economy Monitoring project (QUANTEM): a study protocol
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Miller, PG, Ferris, J, Coomber, K, Zahnow, R, Carah, N, Jiang, H, Kypri, K, Chikritzhs, T, Clough, A, Livingston, M, de Andrade, D, Room, R, Callinan, S, Curtis, A, Mayshak, R, Droste, N, Lloyd, B, Matthews, S, Taylor, N, Crane, M, Thorn, M, Najman, J, Miller, PG, Ferris, J, Coomber, K, Zahnow, R, Carah, N, Jiang, H, Kypri, K, Chikritzhs, T, Clough, A, Livingston, M, de Andrade, D, Room, R, Callinan, S, Curtis, A, Mayshak, R, Droste, N, Lloyd, B, Matthews, S, Taylor, N, Crane, M, Thorn, M, and Najman, J
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Alcohol-related harm is a substantial burden on the community in Australia and internationally, particularly harm related to risky drinking practices of young people in the night-time economy. This protocol paper describes a study that will report on the changes in a wide range of health and justice outcome measures associated with major policy changes in the state of Queensland, Australia. A key element includes trading hours restrictions for licensed premises to 2 am for the state and 3 am in Safe Night Precincts (SNPs). Other measures introduced include drinks restrictions after midnight, increased patron banning measures for repeat offenders, mandatory ID scanning of patrons in late-night venues, and education campaigns. METHODS: The primary aim of the study is to evaluate change in the levels of harm due to these policy changes using administrative data (e.g., police, hospital, ambulance, and court data). Other study elements will investigate the impact of the Policy by measuring foot traffic volume in SNPs, using ID scanner data to quantify the volume of people entering venues and measure the effectiveness of banning notices, using patron interviews to quantify the levels of pre-drinking, intoxication and illicit drug use within night-time economy districts, and to explore the impacts of the Policy on business and live music, and costs to the community. DISCUSSION: The information gathered through this project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Policy and to draw on these findings to inform future prevention and enforcement approaches by policy makers, police, and venue staff.
- Published
- 2017
119. RISK, INDIVIDUAL PERCEPTION OF RISK AND POPULATION HEALTH
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Shield, KD, Gmel, G, Maekelae, P, Probst, C, Room, R, Rehm, J, Shield, KD, Gmel, G, Maekelae, P, Probst, C, Room, R, and Rehm, J
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- 2017
120. Defining Substance Use Disorders: Do We Really Need More Than Heavy Use?
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Rehm, J., Marmet, S., Anderson, P., Gual, A., Kraus, L., Nutt, D.J., Room, R., Samokhvalov, A.V., Scafato, E., Trapencieris, M., Wiers, R.W., Gmel, G., Rehm, J., Marmet, S., Anderson, P., Gual, A., Kraus, L., Nutt, D.J., Room, R., Samokhvalov, A.V., Scafato, E., Trapencieris, M., Wiers, R.W., and Gmel, G.
- Abstract
Aims: The aim of the study was to explore whether the concept of heavy substance use over time can be used as definition of substance use disorder. Methods: Narrative review. Results: Heavy use over time clearly underlies the neurobiological changes associated with current thinking of substance use disorders. In addition, there is evidence that heavy use over time can explain the majority of social problems and of burden of disease (morbidity and mortality). A definition of substance use disorders via heavy use over time would avoid some of the problems of current conceptualizations, for instance the cultural specificity of concepts such as loss of control. Finally, stressing the continuum of use may avoid the high level of stigmatization currently associated with substance use disorders. Conclusion: ‘Heavy substance use over time' seems to be a definition of substance use disorders in line with results of basic research and epidemiology. Additionally, it reduces stigmatization. This approach should thus be further explored
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- 2017
121. The Tangible Common Denominator of Substance Use Disorders: A Reply to Commentaries to Rehm et al. (2013a)
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Rehm, J., Anderson, P., Gual, A., Kraus, L., Marmet, S., Nutt, D.J., Room, R., Samokhvalov, A.V., Scafato, E., Shield, K.D., Trapencieris, M., Wiers, R.W., Gmel, G., Rehm, J., Anderson, P., Gual, A., Kraus, L., Marmet, S., Nutt, D.J., Room, R., Samokhvalov, A.V., Scafato, E., Shield, K.D., Trapencieris, M., Wiers, R.W., and Gmel, G.
- Abstract
In response to our suggestion to define substance use disorders via ‘heavy use over time', theoretical and conceptual issues, measurement problems and implications for stigma and clinical practice were raised. With respect to theoretical and conceptual issues, no other criterion has been shown, which would improve the definition. Moreover, heavy use over time is shown to be highly correlated with number of criteria in current DSM-5. Measurement of heavy use over time is simple and while there will be some underestimation or misrepresentation of actual levels in clinical practice, this is not different from the status quo and measurement of current criteria. As regards to stigma, research has shown that a truly dimensional concept can help reduce stigma. In conclusion, ‘heavy use over time' as a tangible common denominator should be seriously considered as definition for substance use disorder
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- 2017
122. Addiction research centres and the nurturing of creativity: The Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), Melbourne: A decade on
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Wilkinson, C., Pennay, A., Maclean, S., Livingston, M., Room, R., Hamilton, M., Laslett, Anne-Marie, Jiang, H., Callinan, S., Waleewong, O., Wilkinson, C., Pennay, A., Maclean, S., Livingston, M., Room, R., Hamilton, M., Laslett, Anne-Marie, Jiang, H., Callinan, S., and Waleewong, O.
- Abstract
Established in 2006, the Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR) is Australia's only research centre with a primary focus on alcohol policy. CAPR has four main areas of research: alcohol policy impacts; alcohol policy formation and regulatory processes involved in implementing alcohol policies; patterns and trends in drinking and alcohol problems in the population; and the influence of drinking norms, cultural practices and social contexts, particularly in interaction with alcohol policies. In this paper, we give examples of key publications in each area. During the past decade, the number of staff employed at CAPR has increased steadily and now hovers at approximately 10. CAPR has supported the development of independent researchers who collaborate on a number of international projects, such as the Alcohol's Harm to Others study which is now replicated in approximately 30 countries. CAPR receives core funding from the Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education, and staff have been highly successful in securing additional competitive research funding. In 2016, CAPR moved to a new institutional setting at La Trobe University and celebrated 10 years of operation.
- Published
- 2017
123. Queensland Alcohol-related violence and Night Time Economy Monitoring project (QUANTEM): A study protocol
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Miller, P., Ferris, J., Coomber, K., Zahnow, R., Carah, N., Jiang, H., Kypri, K., Chikritzhs, Tanya, Clough, A., Livingston, M., De Andrade, D., Room, R., Callinan, S., Curtis, A., Mayshak, R., Droste, N., Lloyd, B., Matthews, S., Taylor, N., Crane, M., Thorn, M., Najman, J., Miller, P., Ferris, J., Coomber, K., Zahnow, R., Carah, N., Jiang, H., Kypri, K., Chikritzhs, Tanya, Clough, A., Livingston, M., De Andrade, D., Room, R., Callinan, S., Curtis, A., Mayshak, R., Droste, N., Lloyd, B., Matthews, S., Taylor, N., Crane, M., Thorn, M., and Najman, J.
- Abstract
Background: Alcohol-related harm is a substantial burden on the community in Australia and internationally, particularly harm related to risky drinking practices of young people in the night-time economy. This protocol paper describes a study that will report on the changes in a wide range of health and justice outcome measures associated with major policy changes in the state of Queensland, Australia. A key element includes trading hours restrictions for licensed premises to 2 am for the state and 3 am in Safe Night Precincts (SNPs). Other measures introduced include drinks restrictions after midnight, increased patron banning measures for repeat offenders, mandatory ID scanning of patrons in late-night venues, and education campaigns. Methods: The primary aim of the study is to evaluate change in the levels of harm due to these policy changes using administrative data (e.g., police, hospital, ambulance, and court data). Other study elements will investigate the impact of the Policy by measuring foot traffic volume in SNPs, using ID scanner data to quantify the volume of people entering venues and measure the effectiveness of banning notices, using patron interviews to quantify the levels of pre-drinking, intoxication and illicit drug use within night-time economy districts, and to explore the impacts of the Policy on business and live music, and costs to the community. Discussion: The information gathered through this project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Policy and to draw on these findings to inform future prevention and enforcement approaches by policy makers, police, and venue staff.
- Published
- 2017
124. Adolescents' exposure to paid alcohol advertising on television and their alcohol use: Exploring associations during a 13-year period
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White, V., Azar, D., Faulkner, A., Coomber, K., Durkin, S., Livingston, M., Chikritzhs, Tanya, Room, R., Wakefield, M., White, V., Azar, D., Faulkner, A., Coomber, K., Durkin, S., Livingston, M., Chikritzhs, Tanya, Room, R., and Wakefield, M.
- Abstract
© 2017 Society for the Study of Addiction. Aims: To determine (i) whether Australian adolescents' exposure to television alcohol advertisements changed between 1999 and 2011 and (ii) examine the association between television alcohol advertising and adolescent drinking behaviours. Design: Cross-sectional surveys conducted every 3 years between 1999 and 2011. Analyses examined associations between advertising exposures and reported drinking. Setting: Five Australian major cities. Participants: Students aged 12-17 years participating in a triennial nationally representative school-based survey residing in the television advertising markets associated with the major cities (sample size range per survey: 12644-16004). Measurements: Outcome measures were: drinking in the past month, past week and past-week risky drinking (5+ drinks on a day). The key predictor variable was past-month adolescent-directed alcohol advertising Targeted Rating Points (TRPs, a measure of television advertising exposure). Control measures included student-level characteristics, government alcohol-control advertising TRPs, road safety (drink-driving) TRPs and time of survey. Findings: Average monthly adolescent alcohol TRPs increased between 1999 (mean = 2371) to 2005 (mean = 2679) (P < 0.01) then decreased between 2005 and 2011: (mean = 880) (P < 0.01). Multi-level logistic regression analyses that adjusted for survey timing, student level factors and alcohol-control advertising variables showed a significant association between past-month alcohol TRPs and past-month drinking [odds ratio (OR) = 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-1.15), past-week drinking (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.06-1.14) and past- week risky drinking (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.09-1.22). Past-week risky drinking was associated inversely with road safety TRPs (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.49-0.98). Conclusions: While Australian adolescents' exposure to alcohol advertising on television reduced between 1999 and 2011, higher levels
- Published
- 2017
125. A multi-country study of harms to children because of others’ drinking
- Author
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Laslett, Anne-Marie, Rankin, G., Waleewong, O., Callinan, S., Hoang, H., Florenzano, R., Hettige, S., Obot, I., Siengsounthone, L., Ibanga, A., Hope, A., Landberg, J., Vu, H., Thamarangsi, T., Rekve, D., Room, R., Laslett, Anne-Marie, Rankin, G., Waleewong, O., Callinan, S., Hoang, H., Florenzano, R., Hettige, S., Obot, I., Siengsounthone, L., Ibanga, A., Hope, A., Landberg, J., Vu, H., Thamarangsi, T., Rekve, D., and Room, R.
- Abstract
Objective: This study aims to ascertain and compare the prevalence and correlates of alcohol-related harms to children crossnationally. Method: National and regional sample surveys of randomly selected households included 7,848 carers (4,223 women) from eight countries (Australia, Chile, Ireland, Lao People’s Democratic Republic [PDR], Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam). Country response rates ranged from 35% to 99%. Face-to-face or telephone surveys asking about harm from others’ drinking to children ages 0–17 years were conducted, including four specific harms: that because of others’ drinking in the past year children had been (a) physically hurt, (b) verbally abused, (c) exposed to domestic violence, or (d) left unsupervised. Results: The prevalence of alcohol-related harms to children varied from a low of 4% in Lao PDR to 14% in Vietnam. Alcohol-related harms to children were reported by a substantial minority of families in most countries, with only Lao PDR and Nigeria reporting significantly lower levels of harm. Alcohol-related harms to children were dispersed sociodemographically and were concentrated in families with heavy drinkers. Conclusions: Family-level drinking patterns were consistently identified as correlates of harm to children because of others’ drinking, whereas sociodemographic factors showed few obvious correlations. © 2017, Alcohol Research Documentation Inc. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2017
126. Substance use outcomes following treatment: Findings from the Australian Patient Pathways Study
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Manning, V., Garfield, J., Best, D., Berends, L., Room, R., Mugavin, J., Larner, A., Lam, T., Buykx, P., Allsop, Steve, Lubman, D., Manning, V., Garfield, J., Best, D., Berends, L., Room, R., Mugavin, J., Larner, A., Lam, T., Buykx, P., Allsop, Steve, and Lubman, D.
- Abstract
Background and Aims: Our understanding of patient pathways through specialist Alcohol and Other Drug treatment and broader health/welfare systems in Australia remains limited. This study examines how treatment outcomes are influenced by continuity in specialist Alcohol and Other Drug treatment, engagement with community services and mutual aid, and explores differences between clients who present with a primary alcohol problem relative to those presenting with a primary drug issue. Method: In a prospective, multi-site treatment outcome study, 796 clients from 21 Alcohol and Other Drug services in Victoria and Western Australia completed a baseline interview between January 2012 and January 2013. A total of 555 (70%) completed a follow-up assessment of subsequent service use and Alcohol and Other Drug use outcomes 12-months later. Results: Just over half of the participants (52.0%) showed reliable reductions in use of, or abstinence from, their primary drug of concern. This was highest among clients with meth/amphetamine (66%) as their primary drug of concern and lowest among clients with alcohol as their primary drug of concern (47%), with 31% achieving abstinence from all drugs of concern. Continuity of specialist Alcohol and Other Drug care was associated with higher rates of abstinence than fragmented Alcohol and Other Drug care. Different predictors of treatment success emerged for clients with a primary drug problem as compared to those with a primary alcohol problem; mutual aid attendance (odds ratio = 2.5) and community service engagement (odds ratio = 2.0) for clients with alcohol as the primary drug of concern, and completion of the index treatment (odds ratio = 2.8) and continuity in Alcohol and Other Drug care (odds ratio = 1.8) when drugs were the primary drugs of concern. Conclusion: This is the first multi-site Australian study to include treatment outcomes for alcohol and cannabis users, who represent 70% of treatment seekers in Alcohol and Other Drug
- Published
- 2017
127. Measuring time spent caring for drinkers and their dependents
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Jiang, H., Callinan, S., Laslett, Anne-Marie, Room, R., Jiang, H., Callinan, S., Laslett, Anne-Marie, and Room, R.
- Abstract
Aims: To quantify the extent of time spent by family and friends caring for drinkers and their dependents, to estimate the cost of this time and to measure which factors predict time spent caring. Methods: Data are from a nationwide Alcohol's Harm to Others Survey of 2649 Australians, in which 778 respondents reported they were harmed by a known drinker. Time spent on four caring activities was self-reported by these respondents and tallied to estimate how many hours they spent caring for the drinker, the drinker's children or other dependents. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression models were employed to examine factors predicting time spent caring. Results: Respondents who reported they were harmed by a drinker they knew had spent on average 32 h caring for this drinker and their dependents in the past 12 months. Applying these figures to the Australian population, but discounting by 90% because this time may be seen be a voluntary demonstration of connection, an annual cost of caring in 2008 would amount to AU$250 million. A significant positive association was found between time spent caring and the drinking level and drinking frequency of the heavy drinking other person.Conclusion: Caring for drinking family members, friends, co-workers and a drinker's dependents can be a substantial burden. Policy approaches that reduce population drinking and individual risky drinking levels are potential means to reduce the burden of caring due to others' drinking.
- Published
- 2017
128. Towards a global alcohol policy: alcohol, public health and the role of WHO
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Jernigan, D.H., Monteiro, M., Room, R., and Saxena, S.
- Subjects
World health -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Drinking of alcoholic beverages -- Health aspects - Abstract
In 1983 the World Health Assembly declared alcohol-related problems to be among the world's major health concerns. Since then, alcohol consumption has risen in developing countries, where it takes a heavy toll. Alcohol-related problems are at epidemic levels in the successor states of the Soviet Union and are responsible for 3.5% of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost globally. Substantial evidence exists of the relationship between the levels and patterns of alcohol consumption on the one hand and the incidence of alcohol-related problems on the other. Over the past 20 years, research has demonstrated the effectiveness of public policies involving, for example, taxation and restrictions on alcohol availability, in reducing alcohol-related problems. In the wake of rapid economic globalization, many of these policies at national and subnational levels have been eroded, often with the support of international financial and development organizations. Development agencies and international trade agreements have treated alcohol as a normal commodity, overlooking the adverse consequences of its consumption on productivity and health. WHO is in a strong position to take the lead in developing a global alcohol policy aimed at reducing alcohol-related problems, providing scientific and statistical support, capacity-building, disseminating effective strategies and collaborating with other international organizations. Such leadership can play a significant part in diminishing the health and social problems associated with alcohol use. Keywords: alcohol-related disorders, epidemiology; alcohol-related disorders, prevention and control; alcohol drinking, adverse effects; alcoholic beverages, supply and distribution; policy-making., Introduction Alcohol has severe adverse effects on people's lives, on productivity and on health care systems in both developed and developing countries. In 1983 the World Health Assembly declared that [...]
- Published
- 2000
129. Cross-Cultural Applicability in International Classifications and Research on Alcohol Dependence
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Schmidt, L. and Room, R.
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Civilization -- Health aspects ,Psychiatry, Transcultural -- Health aspects ,Culture -- Health aspects ,Cross-cultural studies -- Health aspects ,Alcoholism -- Care and treatment ,Alcoholics -- Care and treatment -- Health aspects ,Substance abuse -- Care and treatment ,Health ,Psychology and mental health ,Care and treatment ,Health aspects - Abstract
Objective: Underlying cultural differences in the meaning of alcohol problems and dependence symptoms can lead people from different societies to systematically vary in their responses to a diagnostic interview, in ways that may be difficult for researchers to quantify or control. We identify four different ways that cultures can vary in their accounts of dependence symptoms, potentially leading to problems with the cross-cultural applicability of diagnostic criteria: (1) in terms of thresholds of symptom severity, or the point at which respondents from different societies recognize a symptom of dependence as something serious; (2) in the problematization of drinking-related states, or whether the symptoms described in official nomenclature on addiction even count as alcohol problems in all cultures; (3) in causal assumptions about how alcohol-related problems arise; and (4) in the extent to which there exist culture-specific manifestations of symptoms not adequately captured by official disease nomenclature. Method: Comparable data on the meaning of alcohol dependence criteria were collected from key informants in nine sites worldwide under the auspices of the WHO/NIH Cross-Cultural Applicability Research Project. Qualitative analysis compares and contrasts descriptions of ICD-10 dependence criteria across sites along the above four dimensions of cultural variation. Results: While descriptions of dependence symptoms were quite similar among key informants from sites that share norms around drinking and drunkenness, they varied significantly in comparisons between sites with markedly different drinking cultures. Contrary to expectation, descriptions of physical dependence criteria appeared to vary across sites as much as the more subjective symptoms of psychological dependence. Conclusions: Problems with the cultural applicability of international nomenclature warrant careful consideration in future comparative research on addiction, although comparisons of dependence made across some cultural boundaries are likely to be much more problematic than comparisons made across others. Findings on dependence should be interpreted in light of what is known about the drinking cultures and norms of the societies involved. Future nosologies and diagnostic interview schedules should take into account a broad base of cultural experiences in conceptualizing alcohol dependence, in developing criteria and operationalizations and in determining the diagnostic significance of these. (J. Stud. Alcohol 60: 448-462, 1999), THIS ARTICLE is concerned with the ways that variation in fundamental cultural assumptions about drinking and its effects can influence the results of international comparisons of alcohol dependence based on [...]
- Published
- 1999
130. Impact of the economic recession on addiction-prone behaviours
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Dubanowicz, A., Lemmens, Paul, Anderson, P., Rehm, J., Room, R., Health promotion, and RS: CAPHRI - R6 - Promoting Health & Personalised Care
- Published
- 2015
131. Introduction to Addictive behaviours
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Rehm, J., Room, R., Anderson, Peter, Family Medicine, and RS: CAPHRI - R5 - Optimising Patient Care
- Abstract
The structure of the book and its chapters are introduced. Three things stand out: first, market forces, if left unchecked, easily result in heavy use of addictive substances and behaviours, with many negative health and social consequences for society—these same market forces deter effective societal responses, leaving responsibility in the hands of individuals who are often stigmatized for their heavy use; secondly, the term addiction all too easily labels, steering societal responses to the level of individuals, rather than to the environmental drivers of behaviour—harm results from sustained heavy use, which exists within continua, rather than within the dichotomous concept of addiction; thirdly, an effective response to reducing harm and promoting health requires institutional, social, and physical environments that at the same time facilitate healthier behaviours and counter unchecked market forces.
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- 2015
- Full Text
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132. The impact of parents on adolescent drinking and friendship selection processes
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Engels, R.C.M.E., Leeuw, R.N.H. de, Poelen, E.A.P., Vorst, H. van der, Zwaluw, C.S. van der, Leeuwe, J.F.J. van, Järvinen, M., Room, R., Järvinen, M., and Room, R.
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Developmental Psychopathology - Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext
- Published
- 2007
133. Characteristics of individuals presenting to treatment for primary alcohol problems versus other drug problems in the Australian patient pathways study.
- Author
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Lubman, DI, Garfield, JBB, Manning, V, Berends, L, Best, D, Mugavin, JM, Lam, T, Buykx, P, Larner, A, Lloyd, B, Room, R, Allsop, S, Lubman, DI, Garfield, JBB, Manning, V, Berends, L, Best, D, Mugavin, JM, Lam, T, Buykx, P, Larner, A, Lloyd, B, Room, R, and Allsop, S
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: People seeking treatment for substance use disorders often have additional health and social issues. Although individuals presenting with alcohol as the primary drug of concern (PDOC) account for nearly half of all treatment episodes to the Australian alcohol and other drug (AOD) service system, previous treatment cohort studies have focused only on the profile of Australian heroin or methamphetamine users. While studies overseas indicate that clients seeking treatment primarily for their drinking are less likely to experience social and economic marginalisation than those seeking treatment primarily for illicit or pharmaceutical drug use, very little research has directly compared individuals presenting with alcohol as the PDOC to those primarily presenting with other drugs as their PDOC. METHODS: Seven hundred and ninety-six participants were recruited at entry to specialist AOD treatment in Victoria and Western Australia, and completed measures of demographic and social factors, substance use, quality of life, service use, and criminal justice involvement. We compared those with alcohol as their PDOC to those with other drugs as their PDOC using Pearson chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: Rates of social disadvantage, poor quality of life, high severity of substance dependence, and past-year AOD, mental health, acute health, and social service use were high in all groups. However, participants with alcohol as the PDOC were older; more likely to have an educational qualification; less likely to report criminal justice involvement, housing/homelessness service use, tobacco smoking, or problems with multiple substances; and reported better environmental quality of life; but were more likely to have used ambulance services, than those with other drugs as their PDOC. CONCLUSIONS: While those seeking treatment primarily for alcohol problems appear less likely to suffer some forms of social and economic disadvantage or to use multiple substances th
- Published
- 2016
134. New Zealand's new alcohol laws: protocol for a mixed-methods evaluation
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Maclennan, B, Kypri, K, Connor, J, Potiki, T, Room, R, Maclennan, B, Kypri, K, Connor, J, Potiki, T, and Room, R
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption is a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally. In response to strong calls from the public for alcohol law reform, the New Zealand Government recently reduced the blood alcohol limit for driving and introduced the Sale and Supply of Alcohol Act which aim to (1) improve community input into local decision-making on alcohol; (2) reduce the availability of alcohol; and (3) reduce hazardous drinking and alcohol-related harm. In this project we seek to evaluate the new laws in terms of these objectives. DESIGN AND METHODS: A policy evaluation framework is proposed to investigate the implementation and outcomes of the reforms. We will use quantitative and qualitative methods, employing a pre-post design. Participants include members of the public, local government staff, iwi (Māori tribal groups that function collectively to support their members) and community group representatives. Data will be collected via postal surveys, interviews and analysis of local government documents. Liquor licensing, police and hospital injury data will also be used. Community input into local government decision-making will be operationalised as: the number of objections per license application and the number of local governments adopting a local alcohol policy (LAP). Outcome measures will be the 'restrictiveness' of LAPs compared to previous policies, the number (per 1000 residents) and density (per square kilometre) of alcohol outlets throughout NZ, and the number of weekend late-night (i.e., post 10 pm) trading hours. For consumption and harm, outcomes will be the prevalence of hazardous drinking, harm from own and others' drinking, community amenity effects, rates of assault, and rates of alcohol-involved traffic crashes. Multiple regression will be used to model how the outcomes vary by local government area from before to after the law changes take effect. These measures will be complemented by qualitative analysis of LAP development and public p
- Published
- 2016
135. Building social and population science in alcohol and other drug studies
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Room, R and Room, R
- Published
- 2016
136. Policy implications of marked reversals of population life expectancy caused by substance use
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Rehm, J, Anderson, P, Fischer, B, Gual, A, Room, R, Rehm, J, Anderson, P, Fischer, B, Gual, A, and Room, R
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Life expectancy has been increasing steadily over the past century in most countries, with only a few exceptions such as during wartimes. DISCUSSION: Marked reversal of life expectancy has been linked to substance use and related policies. Three such examples are discussed herein, namely the double reversal of life expectancy trends (first to positive, then to negative) associated with reducing alcohol supply in the then Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), followed by a rapid increase in availability; the impact of the rapid increase of prescription opioids on white non-Hispanics in the US; and the systemic impact of the violence accompanying the drug war in Mexico on the life expectancy of men. Alcohol policies were crucial to initiate the positive reversal in the USSR, and different substance use policies could have avoided the negative impacts on life expectancy of the described large groups or nations. Substance use policies can be responsible for abrupt negative changes in life expectancies. An orientation of such policies towards the goals of public health and societal well-being can help avoid such changes.
- Published
- 2016
137. Child and adolescent exposure to alcohol advertising in Australia's major televised sports
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Carr, S., O'Brien, K., Ferris, J., Room, R., Livingston, M., Vandenberg, B., Donovan, Robert, Lynott, D., Carr, S., O'Brien, K., Ferris, J., Room, R., Livingston, M., Vandenberg, B., Donovan, Robert, and Lynott, D.
- Abstract
© 2015 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.Introduction and Aims: Exposure to alcohol advertising is associated with greater alcohol consumption in children and adolescents, and alcohol advertising is common in Australian sport. We examine child, adolescent and young adult exposure to alcohol advertising during three televised sports in Australia: Australian Football League (AFL), cricket and the National Rugby League (NRL). Methods: Alcohol advertising and audience viewing data were purchased for all AFL, cricket and NRL TV programs in Australia for 2012. We estimated children and adolescents (0-17 years) and young adults (18-29 years) exposure to alcohol advertising during AFL, cricket and NRL programs in the daytime (06:00-20:29h), and night-time (20:30-23:59h). Results: There were 3544 alcohol advertisements in AFL (1942), cricket (941) and NRL programs (661), representing 60% of all alcohol advertising in sport TV, and 15% of all alcohol advertisements on Australian TV. These programs had a cumulative audience of 26.9 million children and adolescents, and 32 million young adults. Children and adolescents received 51 million exposures to alcohol advertising, with 47% of this exposure occurring during the daytime. Children and adolescents exposure to alcohol advertising was similar to young adults and peaked after 8.30pm. Discussion and Conclusions: Child and adolescent and young adult's exposure to alcohol advertising is high when viewing sport TV in Australia in the daytime and night-time. Current alcohol advertising regulations are not protecting children and adolescents from exposure, particularly in prominent televised sports.
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- 2016
138. The Definition and Significance of Intoxication in Australian Criminal Law: A Case Study of Queensland’s Safe Night out Legislation
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Quilter, J., McNamara, L., Seear, Kate, Room, R., Quilter, J., McNamara, L., Seear, Kate, and Room, R.
- Abstract
Australian criminal law is being actively reconfigured in an effort to produce a more effective response to the problem of alcohol-related violence. This article uses the Safe Night Out Legislation Amendment Act 2014 (Qld) as a case study for two purposes: i) to introduce a set of conceptual tools and typologies that can be used to investigate the relationship between ‘intoxication’ and criminal law; and ii) to raise a number of concerns about how the effects of alcohol and other drugs are implicated in laws governing police powers, criminal responsibility and punishment. We draw attention to the different and sometimes inconsistent ways in which significance is attached to evidence of the consumption of alcohol and other drugs, as well as to variations and ambiguities in how legislation attempts to capture the degree of impairment or effects that are regarded as warranting the attachment of criminal law significance.
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- 2016
139. Characteristics of individuals presenting to treatment for primary alcohol problems versus other drug problems in the Australian patient pathways study
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Lubman, D., Garfield, J., Manning, V., Berends, L., Best, D., Mugavin, J., Lam, Tina, Buykx, P., Larner, A., Lloyd, B., Room, R., Allsop, Steve, Lubman, D., Garfield, J., Manning, V., Berends, L., Best, D., Mugavin, J., Lam, Tina, Buykx, P., Larner, A., Lloyd, B., Room, R., and Allsop, Steve
- Abstract
© 2016 The Author(s). Background: People seeking treatment for substance use disorders often have additional health and social issues. Although individuals presenting with alcohol as the primary drug of concern (PDOC) account for nearly half of all treatment episodes to the Australian alcohol and other drug (AOD) service system, previous treatment cohort studies have focused only on the profile of Australian heroin or methamphetamine users. While studies overseas indicate that clients seeking treatment primarily for their drinking are less likely to experience social and economic marginalisation than those seeking treatment primarily for illicit or pharmaceutical drug use, very little research has directly compared individuals presenting with alcohol as the PDOC to those primarily presenting with other drugs as their PDOC. Methods: Seven hundred and ninety-six participants were recruited at entry to specialist AOD treatment in Victoria and Western Australia, and completed measures of demographic and social factors, substance use, quality of life, service use, and criminal justice involvement. We compared those with alcohol as their PDOC to those with other drugs as their PDOC using Pearson chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Rates of social disadvantage, poor quality of life, high severity of substance dependence, and past-year AOD, mental health, acute health, and social service use were high in all groups. However, participants with alcohol as the PDOC were older; more likely to have an educational qualification; less likely to report criminal justice involvement, housing/homelessness service use, tobacco smoking, or problems with multiple substances; and reported better environmental quality of life; but were more likely to have used ambulance services, than those with other drugs as their PDOC. Conclusions: While those seeking treatment primarily for alcohol problems appear less likely to suffer some forms of social and economic disadvantage or to use
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- 2016
140. Alcohol's involvement in an array of harms to intimate partners
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Laslett, Anne-Marie, Jiang, H., Room, R., Laslett, Anne-Marie, Jiang, H., and Room, R.
- Abstract
Introduction: Harms from intimate partners' (IP) drinking range from frustration because the partner has not performed their role to assault. Aim: To describe the prevalence and persistence of alcohol-related harms to IPs and assess which respondents are more likely to report discontinuation of this harm. Design and methods: Cross-sectional (n=2649) and follow-up (n=1106) alcohol's harm to others telephone surveys in 2008 and 2011 (response rates of 35% and 15% of the original sample respectively) were used to elicit harms to respondents from their IP's drinking (by gender and relationship). To examine discontinuation, a sub-sample of 83 respondents was analysed in detail. Results: A total of 6.7% of Australians were negatively affected by an IP's drinking in 2008. Women were more likely to report harm than men from an IP's drinking. Of the 1106 respondents who completed both surveys, the majority (90%) reported no harm from IPs although 3% reported harm in both surveys. No significant correlates of discontinuation of harm were identified. Discussion: Many Australian relationships are affected in a range of ways because of the drinking of their IPs. A minority of respondents were affected by their IP's drinking, yet over half (57%) of those harmed in 2008 continued to experience harm in 2011. Additionally, half (46.9%) of those who were not harmed in 2008 but did live with a heavy drinking IP did go on to be harmed in 2011. More research on the role of alcohol-related harm from IPs with larger samples is required to examine predictors of change.
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- 2016
141. Alcohol’s harm to others: An international collaborative project
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Callinan, S., Laslett, Anne-Marie, Rekve, D., Room, R., Waleewong, O., Benegal, V., Casswell, S., Florenzano, R., Hanh, H., Hanh, V., Callinan, S., Laslett, Anne-Marie, Rekve, D., Room, R., Waleewong, O., Benegal, V., Casswell, S., Florenzano, R., Hanh, H., and Hanh, V.
- Abstract
Aims: This paper outlines the methods of a collaborative population survey project measuring the range and magnitude of alcohol’s harm to others internationally. Setting: Seven countries participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) and ThaiHealth Promotion Foundation (ThaiHealth) research project titled “The Harm to Others from Drinking,” along with two other countries with similar studies, will form the core of a database which will incorporate data from other countries in the future. Measures: The WHO-ThaiHealth research project developed two comparable versions of a survey instrument, both measuring harm from others’ drinking to the respondent and the respondent’s children. Design: Surveys were administered via face-to-face methods in seven countries, while similar surveys were administered via computer-assisted telephone interviews in two additional countries. Responses from all surveys will be compiled in an international database for the purpose of international comparisons. Discussion: Harms from the alcohol consumption of others are intertwined with the cultural norms where consumption occurs. The development of this database will make it possible to look beyond reports and analyses at national levels, and illuminate the relationships between consumption, harms, and culture. Conclusions: This database will facilitate work describing the prevalence, patterning, and predictors of personal reports of harm from others’ drinking cross-nationally.
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- 2016
142. Scoping response system management of alcohol's harm to others in lower middle income countries
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Laslett, Anne-Marie, Waleewong, O., Obot, I., Benegal, V., Hettige, S., Florenzano, R., Hanh, H., Hanh, V., Rao, G., Room, R., Laslett, Anne-Marie, Waleewong, O., Obot, I., Benegal, V., Hettige, S., Florenzano, R., Hanh, H., Hanh, V., Rao, G., and Room, R.
- Abstract
AIMS - As part of the WHO Harm from others' drinking project, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, Chile, Nigeria and Vietnam undertook scoping studies to examine: which service agencies in low and middle income countries responded to people affected by others' drinking; how commonly key informants from these agencies indicated alcohol was part of the problems they managed; and whether any routine reporting systems collected information on alcohol's harm to others (AHTO) and the types and examples of harms experienced across the six countries. METHODS - Researchers synthetised within country peer-review literature, reports, news and agency website information. Additionally, researchers interviewed key informants to investigate current structures, functions and practices of service agencies, and in particular their recording practices surrounding cases involving others' drinking. RESULTS - 111 key informants agreed to participate from 91 purposively selected agencies from health, social protection, justice and police, and 'other' sectors. National and provincial level data, as well as state-run and civil society agency data were collected. Diverse service response systems managed AHTO in the different countries. A large range in the percentage of all cases attributed to AHTO was identified. Case story examples from each country illustrate the different responses to, and the nature of, many severe problems experienced because of others' drinking. CONCLUSIONS - AHTO was a major issue for service systems in LMIC, and significantly contributed to their workload, yet, very few recording systems routinely collected AHTO data. Recommendations are outlined to improve AHTO data collection across multiple sectors and enable LMIC to better identify and respond to AHTO.
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- 2016
143. Conceptual and methodological issues in studying alcohol's harm to others
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Room, R., Laslett, Anne-Marie, Jiang, H., Room, R., Laslett, Anne-Marie, and Jiang, H.
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While there is a longer history of concern about alcohol's harm to others, researchers' interest has intensified in the last few years. The background of variation in concern over time in different societies is outlined. Three main traditions of research have emerged: population survey studies of such harm from the perspective of the 'other'; analysis of register or case-record data which includes information on the involvement of another's drinking in the case; and qualitative studies of interactions and experiences involved in particular harms from others' drinking. In the course of the new spate of studies, many conceptual and methodological issues have arisen, some of which are considered in the paper. The diverse types of harms which have been studied are discussed. The social and personal nature of many of the harms means they do not fit easily into a disability or costing model, raising questions about how they might best be counted and aggregated. Harm from others' drinking is inherently interactional, and subject to varying definitions of what counts as harm. The attribution to drinking, in the usual situation of conditional causation, is also subject to variation, with moral politics potentially coming into play. For measurement and comparison, account needs to be taken of cultural and individual variations in perceptions and thresholds of what counts as a harm, and attribution to alcohol. The view from the windows of a population survey and of a response agency case register are often starkly different, and research is needed, as an input and spur to policy initiatives, on what influences this difference and whether and how the views might be reconciled.
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- 2016
144. Correction: Alcohol Advertising in Sport and Non-Sport TV in Australia, during Children's Viewing Times
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O'Brien, KS, Carr, S, Ferris, J, Room, R, Miller, Peter, Livingston, M, Kypri, K, Lynott, D, O'Brien, KS, Carr, S, Ferris, J, Room, R, Miller, Peter, Livingston, M, Kypri, K, and Lynott, D
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- 2015
145. Alcohol Advertising in Sport and Non-Sport TV in Australia, during Children's Viewing Times
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Allen, P, O'Brien, KS, Carr, S, Ferris, J, Room, R, Miller, P, Livingston, M, Kypri, K, Lynott, D, Allen, P, O'Brien, KS, Carr, S, Ferris, J, Room, R, Miller, P, Livingston, M, Kypri, K, and Lynott, D
- Abstract
Estimate the amount of alcohol advertising in sport vs. non-sport programming in Australian free-to-air TV and identify children's viewing audience composition at different times of the day. Alcohol advertising and TV viewing audience data were purchased for free-to-air sport and non-sport TV in Australia for 2012. We counted alcohol advertisements in sport and non-sport TV in daytime (6 am-8.29 pm) and evening periods (8.30 pm-11.59 pm) and estimated viewing audiences for children and young adults (0-4 years, 5-13 years, 14-17 years, 18-29 years). During the daytime, most of the alcohol advertising (87%) was on sport TV. In the evening, most alcohol advertising (86%) was in non-sport TV. There was little difference in the mean number of children (0-17 years) viewing TV in the evening (N = 273,989), compared with the daytime (N = 235,233). In programs containing alcohol advertising, sport TV had a greater mean number of alcohol adverts per hour (mean 1.74, SD = 1.1) than non-sport TV (mean 1.35, SD = .94). Alcohol advertising during the daytime, when large numbers of children are watching TV, is predominantly in free-to-air sport TV. By permitting day-time advertising in sport programs and in any programs from 8.30 pm when many children are still watching TV, current regulations are not protecting children from exposure to alcohol advertising.
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- 2015
146. Alcohol consumption for different periods in life, intake pattern over time and all-cause mortality
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Jayasekara, H, MacInnis, RJ, Hodge, AM, Hopper, JL, Giles, GG, Room, R, English, DR, Jayasekara, H, MacInnis, RJ, Hodge, AM, Hopper, JL, Giles, GG, Room, R, and English, DR
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Conventionally, cohort studies have assessed the association between alcohol and all-cause mortality by using alcohol intake at enrolment. METHODS: In the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study, participants were asked about usual frequency and quantity of beverage-specific alcohol intake for 10-year periods starting at age 20 from which current, past and lifetime intakes were calculated. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios for mortality for 39 577 participants of the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study aged 40-69 at baseline. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 15 years/person, we identified 4639 deaths. Associations between all-cause mortality and lifetime, current (baseline) and past intake were J shaped, with lower mortality at low intake (e.g. <40 g/day for men and 10 g/day for women using lifetime intake) and elevated mortality at higher intake. For men, consistent light-to-moderate drinking (>0-39/>0-39 g/day) from age 20 to baseline age was associated with a 16% lower mortality, while heavy drinking at both ages (≥80/≥40 and ≥40/0 g/day) was associated with higher mortality compared with stable abstinence. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support a reduced mortality risk associated with low-dose drinking but also highlight a higher mortality risk for consistent heavy drinking from a young age.
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- 2015
147. Social disadvantage and past treatment among clients entering public alcohol and drug services in two Australian states
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Berends, L., Garfield, J., Manning, V., Buykx, P., Lam, T., Mugavin, J., Larner, A., Room, R., Allsop, Steve, Lubman, D., Berends, L., Garfield, J., Manning, V., Buykx, P., Lam, T., Mugavin, J., Larner, A., Room, R., Allsop, Steve, and Lubman, D.
- Abstract
© 2015 Elsevier B.V. Background: This study aimed to explore the association between substance use, social disadvantage and past year alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment among clients entering publically funded AOD services in Victoria and Western Australia, to inform system development. Methods: Participants (n = 781) completed a structured interview on substance use, social circumstances, and past year service use. Results: Most participants were severely AOD dependent and a high proportion were recently homeless, receiving welfare benefits, and with criminal justice issues. Previous AOD treatment was common. Logistic regression analysis showed that past year AOD treatment was more frequent among those receiving welfare benefits, with opioids as their primary drug of concern, and using multiple substances. Conclusion: While AOD dependence characterised this treatment group, social disadvantage independently predicted higher rates of prior AOD service use. Specialist AOD treatment systems need capacity to provide or at least work alongside services designed to address social disadvantage.
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- 2015
148. Correlates of caring for the drinkers and others among those harmed by another's drinking
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Jiang, H., Callinan, S., Laslett, Anne-Marie, Room, R., Jiang, H., Callinan, S., Laslett, Anne-Marie, and Room, R.
- Abstract
Introduction and Aims: This study identifies the correlates of caring for harmful drinkers and others, and examines how caring for that person impacts on respondents' well-being and use of services. Design and Methods: The study utilises the data from the 2008 Australian Alcohol Harm to Others Survey (n=2649), in which 778 respondents reported they were harmed because of the drinking of someone they knew. Respondents were asked about the person they were most adversely affected by and whether they spent time caring for this person because of their drinking. Logistic regression models are developed to examine which factors were associated with the prevalence of caring for others. Results: The study reveals that the respondents who cared for others because of the other's drinking reported lower quality of life than the respondents who did not have to do this. The results of the logistic regression suggest that respondents were more likely to care for the drinker if the drinker drank more (as the usual quantity of alcohol consumed increased), but less likely to care for the drinker if the drinker drank five or more drinks on more than four days per week. Discussion and Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest that the drinking of family and friends can be a substantial burden for their households, families, friends and others. Policy approaches that reduce the amount of heavy drinking, particularly heavy drinking in a single occasion, are likely to reduce the burden of caring for others because of other's drinking.
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- 2015
149. The association between alcohol outlet density and alcohol use among urban and regional Australian adolescents
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Azar, D., White, V., Coomber, K., Faulkner, A., Livingston, M., Chikritzhs, Tanya, Room, R., Wakefield, M., Azar, D., White, V., Coomber, K., Faulkner, A., Livingston, M., Chikritzhs, Tanya, Room, R., and Wakefield, M.
- Abstract
© 2015 Society for the Study of Addiction. Aims: While recent evidence suggests that higher alcohol outlet density is associated with greater alcohol use among adolescents, influence of the four main outlet types on youth drinking within urban and regional communities is unknown. This study provides the first investigation of this relationship. Design: Repeated cross-sectional surveys with random samples of secondary students clustered by school. Mixed-effects logistic regression analyses examined the association between each outlet type and the drinking outcomes, with interaction terms used to test urban/regional differences. Setting: Australia, 2002-11. Participants: Respondents participating in a triennial survey (aged 12-17years); 44897 from urban settings, 23311 from regional settings. Measurements: The key outcome measures were past month alcohol use, risky drinking among all students and risky drinking among past week drinkers. For each survey year, students were assigned a postcode-level outlet density (number of licences per 1000 population) for each outlet type (general, on-premise, off-premise, clubs). Findings: Interaction terms revealed a significant association between off-premises outlet density and risky drinking among all adolescents in urban (odds ratio=1.36, 95% confidence interval CI=1.05-1.75, P < 0.05) but not regional areas. Similarly, club density was associated with the drinking outcomes in urban communities only. General and on-premises density was associated with alcohol use and risky drinking among all adolescents. Conclusions: Higher densities of general, on- and off-premises outlets in an adolescent's immediate neighbourhood are related to increased likelihood of alcohol consumption among all adolescents. The density of licensed clubs is associated more strongly with drinking for urban than for regional adolescents.
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- 2015
150. Harms from the drinking of relatives, friends and others: Initial findings from a nine-country study.
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Room, R., Rankin, G., Thamarangsi, T., Waleewong, O., Benegal, V., Casswell, S., Florenzano, R., Hoang, H., Huckle, T., Hettige, S., Ibanga, A., Obot, I., Siengsounthone, L., Vu, H., Laslett, Anne-Marie, Room, R., Rankin, G., Thamarangsi, T., Waleewong, O., Benegal, V., Casswell, S., Florenzano, R., Hoang, H., Huckle, T., Hettige, S., Ibanga, A., Obot, I., Siengsounthone, L., Vu, H., and Laslett, Anne-Marie
- Published
- 2015
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