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102. Global patterns and drivers of ecosystem functioning in rivers and riparian zones

Author

Tiegs, Scott D. and Robinson, Christopher T.

Abstract

River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth’s biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented “next-generation biomonitoring” by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale., Science Advances, 5 (1), ISSN:2375-2548

Published
2019

103. Science Advances

Author

Tiegs, Scott D., Costello, David M., Isken, Mark W., Woodward, Guy, McIntyre, Peter B., Gessner, Mark O., Chauvet, Eric, Griffiths, Natalie A., Flecker, Alex S., Acuña, Vicenç, Albariño, Ricardo, Allen, Daniel C., Alonso, Cecilia, Andino, Patricio, Arango, Clay, Aroviita, Jukka, Barbosa, Marcus V. M., Barmuta, Leon A., Baxter, Colden V., Bell, Thomas D. C., Bellinger, Brent, Boyero, Luz, Brown, Lee E., Bruder, Andreas, Bruesewitz, Denise A., Burdon, Francis J., Callisto, Marcos, Canhoto, Cristina, Capps, Krista A., Castillo, María M., Clapcott, Joanne, Colas, Fanny, Colón-Gaud, Checo, Cornut, Julien, Crespo-Pérez, Verónica, Cross, Wyatt F., Culp, Joseph M., Danger, Michael, Dangles, Olivier, de Eyto, Elvira, Derry, Alison M., Villanueva, Veronica Díaz, Douglas, Michael M., Elosegi, Arturo, Encalada, Andrea C., Entrekin, Sally, Espinosa, Rodrigo, Ethaiya, Diana, Ferreira, Verónica, Ferriol, Carmen, Flanagan, Kyla M., Fleituch, Tadeusz, Follstad Shah, Jennifer J., Frainer, André, Friberg, Nikolai, Frost, Paul C., Garcia, Erica A., García Lago, Liliana, García Soto, Pavel Ernesto, Ghate, Sudeep, Giling, Darren P., Gilmer, Alan, Gonçalves, José Francisco, Gonzales, Rosario Karina, Graça, Manuel A. S., Grace, Mike, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Guérold, François, Gulis, Vlad, Hepp, Luiz U., Higgins, Scott, Hishi, Takuo, Huddart, Joseph, Hudson, John, Imberger, Samantha, Iñiguez-Armijos, Carlos, Iwata, Tomoya, Janetski, David J., Jennings, Eleanor, Kirkwood, Andrea E., Koning, Aaron A., Kosten, Sarian, Kuehn, Kevin A., Laudon, Hjalmar, Leavitt, Peter R., Lemes da Silva, Aurea L., Leroux, Shawn J., LeRoy, Carri J., Lisi, Peter J., MacKenzie, Richard, Marcarelli, Amy M., Masese, Frank O., McKie, Brendan G., Oliveira Medeiros, Adriana, Meissner, Kristian, Miliša, Marko, Mishra, Shailendra, Miyake, Yo, Moerke, Ashley, Mombrikotb, Shorok, Mooney, Rob, Moulton, Tim, Muotka, Timo, Negishi, Junjiro N., Neres-Lima, Vinicius, Nieminen, Mika L., Nimptsch, Jorge, Ondruch, Jakub, Paavola, Riku, Pardo, Isabel, Patrick, Christopher J., Peeters, Edwin T. H. M., Pozo, Jesus, Pringle, Catherine, Prussian, Aaron, Quenta, Estefania, Quesada, Antonio, Reid, Brian, Richardson, John S., Rigosi, Anna, Rincón, José, Rîşnoveanu, Geta, Robinson, Christopher T., Rodríguez-Gallego, Lorena, Royer, Todd V., Rusak, James A., Santamans, Anna C., Selmeczy, Géza B., Simiyu, Gelas, Skuja, Agnija, Smykla, Jerzy, Sridhar, Kandikere R., Sponseller, Ryan, Stoler, Aaron, Swan, Christopher M., Szlag, David, Teixeira-de Mello, Franco, Tonkin, Jonathan D., Uusheimo, Sari, Veach, Allison M., Vilbaste, Sirje, Vought, Lena B. M., Wang, Chiao-Ping, Webster, Jackson R., Wilson, Paul B., Woelfl, Stefan, Xenopoulos, Marguerite A., Yates, Adam G., Yoshimura, Chihiro, Yule, Catherine M., Zhang, Yixin X., Zwart, Jacob A., School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Leibniz Association, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, ICRA, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Wetland ecology department (Seville, Espagne), Doñana biological station - CSIC (SPAIN), Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology - EAWAG (SWITZERLAND), Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences – Uppsala, Sweden, Burdon, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte] (UFMG), Marine and environmental research centre - IMAR-CMA (Coimbra, Portugal), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), GRET, Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale (SQPOV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), Laboratorio de Limnología [Bariloche], Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente [Bariloche] (INIBIOMA-CONICET), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Limnology of Stratified Lakes, IGB-Neuglobsow, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, University of Bath [Bath], Yamanashi University, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), University of Vienna [Vienna], University of Zagreb, VTT Information technology, Technical Research Centre of Finland, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidate de Vigo, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Department of Biology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Universidad del Zulia (LUZ), Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, Germany, University of Southampton, Research Institute of New-Type Urbanization, Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Oakland University (USA), Kent State University, Imperial College London, Cornell University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Climate Change Science Institute [Oak Ridge] (CCSI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-UT-Battelle, LLC, Instituto Catalán de Investigación del Agua - ICRA (SPAIN) (ICRA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA NORMAN USA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), University of the Republic of Uruguay, Central Washington University, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Federal University of Tocantins, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Idaho State University, Watershed Protection Department, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Colby College, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, University of Georgia [USA], EI Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), Cawthron Institute, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Georgia Southern University, University System of Georgia (USG), Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Montana State University (MSU), Wilfrid Laurier University (WLU), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de Vigo, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [CALS], College of Agriculture and Life Sciences [Cornell University] (CALS), Cornell University [New York]-Cornell University [New York], Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), University of Leeds, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), and Entomology

Subjects
Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, riparian zones, ORGANIC-MATTER DECOMPOSITION, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser, Carbon Cycle, CARBON, ekosysteemit, Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources, biomes, biomit, ddc:570, carbon cycle, Humans, STREAMS, Life Science, Human Activities, Riparian zones, TEMPERATURE, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Ecosystem, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, SDG 15 - Life on Land, aquatic ecosystems, Science & Technology, WIMEK, hiilen kierto, vesiekosysteemit, Aquatic Ecology, Aquatische Ecologie en Waterkwaliteitsbeheer, rivers, Multidisciplinary Sciences, ekosysteemit (ekologia), Biomonitoring, articles, Science & Technology - Other Topics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ecosystems, joet, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth’s biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented “next-generation biomonitoring” by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale. This research was supported by awards to S.D.T. from the Ecuadorian Ministry of Science [Secretaría de Educación Superior Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENESCYT)] through the PROMETEO scholar exchange program, the Oakland University Research Development Grant program, and a Huron Mountain Wildlife Foundation research grant. N.A.G. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. We are grateful for open-access-publishing funds from Kresge Library at Oakland University and Queen’s University Belfast. This research was supported by awards to S.D.T. from the Ecuadorian Ministry of Science [Secretaría de Educación Superior Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENESCYT)] through the PROMETEO scholar exchange program, the Oakland University Research Development Grant program, and a Huron Mountain Wildlife Foundation research grant. N.A.G. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. We are grateful for open-access-publishing funds from Kresge Library at Oakland University and Queen’s University Belfast.

Published
2019
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104. Sampling sufficiency for determining hydraulic habitat diversity

Author

Stähly, Severin, Gostner, Walter, Franca, Mário J., Robinson, Christopher T., and Schleiss, Anton J.

Subjects
Field data acquisition, hydro-morphological index of diversity, ecohydraulics, geomorphology, river restoration
Abstract

The geometry and hydrodynamics of river reaches are key ecohydraulic descriptors. Statistics of water depth and velocity measurements are usually taken as proxies for habitat suitability in rivers. However, little is known about the sufficiency of data to produce effective and rep-resentative results. In this research, 19 reaches with differences in terms of discharge, river width, substrate, reach length, cross-section spacing and geomorphology are investigated. Measurements of flow depth and velocity were taken at multiple, equally spaced cross-sec-tions along each reach. Data were sub-sampled using different methodologies and analysed each time. The sets of sub-sampled data were then compared with those calculated with the full data set from a reach. The focus was put towards the hydro-morphological index of diversity (HMID), a combination of the classical ecohydraulic variables flow depth and vel-ocity. It represents the spatial variability of hydraulic habitats in a reach. The results point out that, with a well-defined sampling strategy, 100 measurement points lead to a good estimation of the HMID value in a reach, if more than eight measurement points are taken per cross-section. For geomorphologies with small complexity or when the analysis only includes the estimation of mean flow depth or mean flow velocity, this number can be decreased according to the results presented here. These findings help both, aquatic ecolo-gists and engineers to estimate their data reliability for hydraulic field measurements in a river reach and are herein discussed taking into account the different studied morphologies.

Published
2019
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105. Glacier meltwater inputs affect feeding habits of alpine stream macroinvertebrates

Author

Sertić Perić, Mirela, Nielsen, Jens M., Schubert, Carsten J., Robinson, Christopher T., Sertić Perić, Mirela, Miliša, Marko, Gračan, Romana, Ivković, Marija, Buj, Ivana, and Mičetić Stanković, Vlatka

Subjects
alpine streams, glaciers, global warming, macroinvertebrates, stable isotopes, food webs
Abstract

Shifts in glacier meltwater inputs and vegetation gradients substantially change energy supply and trophic interactions within alpine stream food webs. Our goal was to enhance understanding of food resource changes and dietary niches of macroinvertebrates inhabiting alpine stream types contrasting in glacier meltwater inputs. We measured a range of physico-chemical stream attributes and carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N) of stream macroinvertebrates and their potential food sources at seven sites accessible throughout a year (2013/2014) within a Swiss Alpine glacial floodplain (Val Roseg) undergoing rapid glacier retreat. The range in macroinvertebrate δ13C (-33.5 to -18.4 ‰) and δ15N (-6.9 to 6.7 ‰) values corresponded to values measured in a previous (1997/1998) study within the same alpine catchment, suggesting that macroinvertebrates inhabiting Val Roseg stream network generally have not changed feeding behavior during the period of rapid glacier retreat. Feeding niche differences across differing stream types and alpine stream taxa were not significant, indicating that most alpine stream macroinvertebrates are plastic in their feeding behavior, relying on food resources available in a particular stream. Macroinvertebrate δ13C seasonal trends followed the respective periphyton patterns, suggesting that autochthonous resources are the main energy source within this alpine catchment. A significant correlation among physico-chemical proxies of glacier meltwater inputs (P-PO43-, TIC, conductivity and turbidity), δ13C and δ15N values, and isotope niche parameter SEAc (a proxy for feeding niche width) indicated that glacier meltwater plays an important role in shaping the energy base within alpine stream ecosystems.

Published
2019

107. Sediment replenishment combined with an artificial flood improves river habitats downstream of a dam

Author

Stähly, Severin (author), Franca, M.J. (author), Robinson, Christopher T. (author), Schleiss, Anton J. (author), Stähly, Severin (author), Franca, M.J. (author), Robinson, Christopher T. (author), and Schleiss, Anton J. (author)

Abstract

River reaches downstream dams where a constant residual flow discharge is imposed, often lack sediment supply and periodic inundation due to the absence of natural flood events. In this study, a two-year return flood was released from an upstream reservoir and combined with sediment replenishment to enhance instream habitat conditions downstream of Rossens hydropower dam on the Sarine River in western Switzerland. Sediment replenishment consisted of four sediment deposits distributed as alternate bars along the river banks, a solution which was previously tested in laboratory. The morphological evolution of the replenishment and of the downstream riverbed were surveyed including pre- and post-flood topography. A hydro-morphological index to evaluate the quality of riverine habitats, based on the variability of flow depth and flow velocity in the analyzed reach, was investigated. The combination of the artificial flood with sediment replenishment proved to be a robust measure to supply a river with sediment and to enhance hydraulic habitat suitability., Rivers, Ports, Waterways and Dredging Engineering

Published
2019
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108. Global patterns and drivers of ecosystem functioning in rivers and riparian zones

Author

Entomology, Tiegs, Scott D., Costello, David M., Isken, Mark W., Woodward, Guy, McIntyre, Peter B., Gessner, Mark O., Chauvet, Eric, Griffiths, Natalie A., Flecker, Alex S., Acuna, Vicenc, Albarino, Ricardo, Allen, Daniel C., Alonso, Cecilia, Andino, Patricio, Arango, Clay, Aroviita, Jukka, Barbosa, Marcus V. M., Barmuta, Leon A., Baxter, Colden V., Bell, Thomas D. C., Bellinger, Brent, Boyero, Luz, Brown, Lee E., Bruder, Andreas, Bruesewitz, Denise A., Burdon, Francis J., Callisto, Marcos, Canhoto, Cristina, Capps, Krista A., Castillo, Maria M., Clapcott, Joanne, Colas, Fanny, Colon-Gaud, Checo, Cornut, Julien, Crespo-Perez, Veronica, Cross, Wyatt F., Culp, Joseph M., Danger, Michael, Dangles, Olivier, de Eyto, Elvira, Derry, Alison M., Diaz Villanueva, Veronica, Douglas, Michael M., Elosegi, Arturo, Encalada, Andrea C., Entrekin, Sally A., Espinosa, Rodrigo, Ethaiya, Diana, Ferreira, Veronica, Ferriol, Carmen, Flanagan, Kyla M., Fleituch, Tadeusz, Shah, Jennifer J. Follstad, Frainer, Andre, Friberg, Nikolai, Frost, Paul C., Garcia, Erica A., Lago, Liliana Garcia, Garcia Soto, Pavel Ernesto, Ghate, Sudeep, Giling, Darren P., Gilmer, Alan, Goncalves, Jose Francisco, Jr., Gonzales, Rosario Karina, Graca, Manuel A. S., Grace, Mike, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Guerold, Francois, Gulis, Vlad, Hepp, Luiz U., Higgins, Scott, Hishi, Takuo, Huddart, Joseph, Hudson, John, Imberger, Samantha, Iniguez-Armijos, Carlos, Iwata, Tomoya, Janetski, David J., Jennings, Eleanor, Kirkwood, Andrea E., Koning, Aaron A., Kosten, Sarian, Kuehn, Kevin A., Laudon, Hjalmar, Leavitt, Peter R., Lemes da Silva, Aurea L., Leroux, Shawn J., Leroy, Carri J., Lisi, Peter J., MacKenzie, Richard, Marcarelli, Amy M., Masese, Frank O., Mckie, Brendan G., Oliveira Medeiros, Adriana, Meissner, Kristian, Milisa, Marko, Mishra, Shailendra, Miyake, Yo, Moerke, Ashley, Mombrikotb, Shorok, Mooney, Rob, Moulton, Tim, Muotka, Timo, Negishi, Junjiro N., Neres-Lima, Vinicius, Nieminen, Mika L., Nimptsch, Jorge, Ondruch, Jakub, Paavola, Riku, Pardo, Isabel, Patrick, Christopher J., Peeters, Edwin T. H. M., Pozo, Jesus, Pringle, Catherine, Prussian, Aaron, Quenta, Estefania, Quesada, Antonio, Reid, Brian, Richardson, John S., Rigosi, Anna, Rincon, Jose, Risnoveanu, Geta, Robinson, Christopher T., Rodriguez-Gallego, Lorena, Royer, Todd V., Rusak, James A., Santamans, Anna C., Selmeczy, Geza B., Simiyu, Gelas, Skuja, Agnija, Smykla, Jerzy, Sridhar, Kandikere R., Sponseller, Ryan, Stoler, Aaron, Swan, Christopher M., Szlag, David, Teixeira-de Mello, Franco, Tonkin, Jonathan D., Uusheimo, Sari, Veach, Allison M., Vilbaste, Sirje, Vought, Lena B. M., Wang, Chiao-Ping, Webster, Jackson R., Wilson, Paul B., Woelfl, Stefan, Xenopoulos, Marguerite A., Yates, Adam G., Yoshimura, Chihiro, Yule, Catherine M., Zhang, Yixin X., Zwart, Jacob A., Entomology, Tiegs, Scott D., Costello, David M., Isken, Mark W., Woodward, Guy, McIntyre, Peter B., Gessner, Mark O., Chauvet, Eric, Griffiths, Natalie A., Flecker, Alex S., Acuna, Vicenc, Albarino, Ricardo, Allen, Daniel C., Alonso, Cecilia, Andino, Patricio, Arango, Clay, Aroviita, Jukka, Barbosa, Marcus V. M., Barmuta, Leon A., Baxter, Colden V., Bell, Thomas D. C., Bellinger, Brent, Boyero, Luz, Brown, Lee E., Bruder, Andreas, Bruesewitz, Denise A., Burdon, Francis J., Callisto, Marcos, Canhoto, Cristina, Capps, Krista A., Castillo, Maria M., Clapcott, Joanne, Colas, Fanny, Colon-Gaud, Checo, Cornut, Julien, Crespo-Perez, Veronica, Cross, Wyatt F., Culp, Joseph M., Danger, Michael, Dangles, Olivier, de Eyto, Elvira, Derry, Alison M., Diaz Villanueva, Veronica, Douglas, Michael M., Elosegi, Arturo, Encalada, Andrea C., Entrekin, Sally A., Espinosa, Rodrigo, Ethaiya, Diana, Ferreira, Veronica, Ferriol, Carmen, Flanagan, Kyla M., Fleituch, Tadeusz, Shah, Jennifer J. Follstad, Frainer, Andre, Friberg, Nikolai, Frost, Paul C., Garcia, Erica A., Lago, Liliana Garcia, Garcia Soto, Pavel Ernesto, Ghate, Sudeep, Giling, Darren P., Gilmer, Alan, Goncalves, Jose Francisco, Jr., Gonzales, Rosario Karina, Graca, Manuel A. S., Grace, Mike, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Guerold, Francois, Gulis, Vlad, Hepp, Luiz U., Higgins, Scott, Hishi, Takuo, Huddart, Joseph, Hudson, John, Imberger, Samantha, Iniguez-Armijos, Carlos, Iwata, Tomoya, Janetski, David J., Jennings, Eleanor, Kirkwood, Andrea E., Koning, Aaron A., Kosten, Sarian, Kuehn, Kevin A., Laudon, Hjalmar, Leavitt, Peter R., Lemes da Silva, Aurea L., Leroux, Shawn J., Leroy, Carri J., Lisi, Peter J., MacKenzie, Richard, Marcarelli, Amy M., Masese, Frank O., Mckie, Brendan G., Oliveira Medeiros, Adriana, Meissner, Kristian, Milisa, Marko, Mishra, Shailendra, Miyake, Yo, Moerke, Ashley, Mombrikotb, Shorok, Mooney, Rob, Moulton, Tim, Muotka, Timo, Negishi, Junjiro N., Neres-Lima, Vinicius, Nieminen, Mika L., Nimptsch, Jorge, Ondruch, Jakub, Paavola, Riku, Pardo, Isabel, Patrick, Christopher J., Peeters, Edwin T. H. M., Pozo, Jesus, Pringle, Catherine, Prussian, Aaron, Quenta, Estefania, Quesada, Antonio, Reid, Brian, Richardson, John S., Rigosi, Anna, Rincon, Jose, Risnoveanu, Geta, Robinson, Christopher T., Rodriguez-Gallego, Lorena, Royer, Todd V., Rusak, James A., Santamans, Anna C., Selmeczy, Geza B., Simiyu, Gelas, Skuja, Agnija, Smykla, Jerzy, Sridhar, Kandikere R., Sponseller, Ryan, Stoler, Aaron, Swan, Christopher M., Szlag, David, Teixeira-de Mello, Franco, Tonkin, Jonathan D., Uusheimo, Sari, Veach, Allison M., Vilbaste, Sirje, Vought, Lena B. M., Wang, Chiao-Ping, Webster, Jackson R., Wilson, Paul B., Woelfl, Stefan, Xenopoulos, Marguerite A., Yates, Adam G., Yoshimura, Chihiro, Yule, Catherine M., Zhang, Yixin X., and Zwart, Jacob A.

Abstract

River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth’s biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented “next-generation biomonitoring” by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale.

Published
2019

109. A conceptual framework for understanding the biogeochemistry of dry riverbeds through the lens of soil science

Author

Arcea, María Isabel, Mendoza-Lera, Clara, Almagro, María, Catalán, Núria, Romaní, Anna, Martí, Eugènia, Gómez, Rosa, Bernal, Susana, Foulquier, Arnaud, Mutz, Michael, Marcé, Rafael, Zoppini, Annamaria, Gionchetta, Giulia, Weigelhofer, Gabriele, del Campo, Rubén, Robinson, Christopher T., Gilmer, Alan, Rulik, Martin, Obrador, Biel, Shumilova, Oleksandra, Zlatanović, Sanja, Arnon, Shai, Baldrian, Petr, Singer, Gabriel, Datry, Thibault, Skoulikidis, Nikos, Tietjen, Britta, Von Schiller, D., Arcea, María Isabel, Mendoza-Lera, Clara, Almagro, María, Catalán, Núria, Romaní, Anna, Martí, Eugènia, Gómez, Rosa, Bernal, Susana, Foulquier, Arnaud, Mutz, Michael, Marcé, Rafael, Zoppini, Annamaria, Gionchetta, Giulia, Weigelhofer, Gabriele, del Campo, Rubén, Robinson, Christopher T., Gilmer, Alan, Rulik, Martin, Obrador, Biel, Shumilova, Oleksandra, Zlatanović, Sanja, Arnon, Shai, Baldrian, Petr, Singer, Gabriel, Datry, Thibault, Skoulikidis, Nikos, Tietjen, Britta, and Von Schiller, D.

Abstract

Intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES) encompass fluvial ecosystems that eventually stop flowing and run dry at some point in space and time. During the dry phase, channels of IRES consist mainly of dry riverbeds (DRBs), prevalent yet widely unexplored ecotones between dry and wet phases that can strongly influence the biogeochemistry of fluvial networks. DRBs are often overlooked because they do not strictly belong to either domain of soil or freshwater science. Due to this dual character of DRBs, we suggest that concepts and knowledge from soil science can be used to expand the understanding of IRES biogeochemistry. Based on this idea, we propose that DRBs can be conceptually understood as early stage soils exhibiting many similarities with soils through two main forces: i) time since last sediment transport event, and ii) the development status of stabilizing structures (e.g. soil crusts and/or vascular plants). Our analysis suggests that while DRBs and soils may differ in master physical attributes (e.g. soil horizons vs fluvial sedimentary facies), they become rapidly comparable in terms of microbial communities and biogeochemical processes. We further propose that drivers of DRBs biogeochemistry are similar to those of soils and, hence, concepts and methods used in soil science are transferable to DRBs research. Finally, our paper presents future research directions to advance the knowledge of DRBs and to understand their role in the biogeochemistry of intermittent fluvial networks.

Published
2019

113. Contributors

Author

Aamodt, Knut Ola, Agnija, Skuja, Agrita, Briede, Akbulut, Nuray (Emir), Akbulut, Aydın, Alexevnina, Margarita, Andersen, Hans E., Arnaut, Nikolas A., Ayrault, Sophie, Baklanov, Mikhail, Barthélemy, Carole, Bäthe, Jürgen, Baumgartner, Christian, Bayarı, Serdar, Behrendt, Horst, Beisel, Jean-Nicolas, Bekh, Vitali V., Bertrand, François, Billen, Gilles, Bittl, Thomas, Blanchoud, Hélène, Bloesch, Jürg, Bogen, Jim, Borges, Alberto, Borovikova, Elena, Bravard, Jean-Paul, Bremerich, Vanessa, Brittain, John E., Brørs, Sturla, Carré, Catherine, Carrel, Georges, Castella, Emmanuel, Čerba, Dubravka, Cereghino, Régis, Chuiko, Grigory, Comiti, F., Coynel, Alexandra, Csányi, Béla, Dauba, Francis, Dauta, Alain, Davideanu, Grigore, Delmas, François, de Marsily, Ghislain, Descy, Jean-Pierre, Destrieux, Doriane, Dokulil, Martin, Dole-Olivier, Marie-José, Dutartre, Alain, Dvinskikh, Svetlana, Eie, Jon Arne, Elga, Parele, Elosegi, Arturo, Eremkina, Tatiana V., Etcheber, Henri, Euvgeny, Everbecq, Etienne, Faugli, Per Einar, Feio, Maria Joao, Feret, Thibaut, Fischer, Helmut, Flipo, Nicolas, Floury, Mathieu, Frank, Georg, Friberg, Nikolai, Gancarczyk, Aleksandra, Garnier, Josette, Gasperi, Johnny, Gerasimov, Yury, Gerino, Magali, Ģertrūde, Gavrilova, Gibbins, Chris N., Gintautas, Stankūnavičius, Gíslason, Gísli M., Gómez, Rosa, Gonthier, Paul, Graça, Manuel A.S., Grecu, Iulia, Grosbois, Cecile, Gumiero, B., Gunta, Sprinǵe, Hachoł, Justyna, Haugland, Svein, Hein, Thomas, Hildrew, Alan G., Hoffmann, Carl.C., Hvidsten, Nils Arne, Ilga, Kokorīte, Istomina, Anna, Ivars, Druvietis, Jähnig, Sonja C., Jensen, Arne J., Joachim, Jean, Joaquim-Justo, Celia, Karabanov, Dmitry, Karaouzas, Ioannis, Katolikov, Viktor M., Kestemont, Patrick, Kitaev, Alexander, Kochanov, Sergey. K., Kokovkin, Alexander V., Korneva, Ludmila, Kováč, Vladimír, Kronvang, Brian, Kudersky, Leonid A., Kuzovlev, Vyacheslav V., L'Abée-Lund, Jan Henning, Lambert, Thibault, Lamouroux, Nicolas, Latli, Adrien, Lazareva, Valentina, Leitao, Maria, Lestel, Laurence, Leuven, Rob S.E.W., Levin, Boris, Lim, Puy, Litvinov, Alexander, Loboda, Nataliya S., Maciej, Zalewski, Maiolini, B., Malard, Florian, Malcolm, Iain A., Małgorzata, Łapińska, Malmqvist, Björn, Maria, Melnik, Martin, Schletterer, Melvold, Kjetil, Meybeck, Michel, Mikuska, Tibor, Minaudo, Camille, Mineeva, Natalya, Moatar, Florentina, Morana, Cédric, Moroni, F., Mouchel, Jean-Marie, Muñoz, Isabel, Muotka, Timo, Nichersu, Iulian, Nilsson, Christer, Noskov, Victor, Nowacki, Franciszek, Okhapkin, Alexander, Ólafsson, Jón S., Olivier, Jean-Michel, Özyurt, Naciye Nur, Pall, Karin, Papchenkov, Vladimir, Pardo, Isabel, Paunović, Momir, Pedersen, Morten L., Perova, Svetlana, Pettersen, Vegard, Piégay, Hervé, Pigneur, Lise-Marie, Ponomarev, Vasily I., Postolache, Carmen, Presnova, Elena, Probst, Anne, Pryanichnikova, Ekaterina, Pusch, Martin, Raković, Maja, Rebillard, Jean-Pierre, Ričardas, Skorupskas, Ritma, Gaumiga, Robinson, Christopher T., Rodrigues, Stéphane, Roland, Fleur, Romaní, Anna M., Sabater, Sergi, Sahin, Yalcın, Saltveit, Svein Jakob, Sánchez-Pérez, José-Miguel, Sandin, Leonard, Sandu, Cristina, Sauvage, Sabine, Schletterer, Martin, Schmitt, Laurent, Schneider-Jacoby, Martin, Schöll, Franz, Scholten, Matthias, Seletkova, Elena, Servais, Pierre, Shcherbina, Grigory, Shumilova, Oleksandra O., Shurganova, Galina, Skakalsky, Boris G., Skoulikidis, Nikolaos Th, Sommerwerk, Nike, Souchon, Yves, Soulsby, Chris, Stefke, Katharina, Stendera, Sonja, Stenina, Angelina S., Stepanova, Irina, Sukhodolov, Alexander N., Svendsen, Lars M., Tabacchi, Eric, Tales, Evelyne, Tetzlaff, Doerthe, Timm, Henn, Tockner, Klement, Toderaş, Ion, Tonolla, Diego, Tsvetkov, Alexander, Uehlinger, Urs, Ungureanu, Laurent¸ia, Usatii, Marin A., Usseglio-Polatera, Philippe, Van der Velde, Gerard, Verniers, Gisèle, Vervier, Philippe, Voroshilova, Irina, Wantzen, Karl Mathias, Wnuk-Gławdel, Ewa, Wolter, Christian, Yarushina, Margarita I., Zarfl, Christiane, Zinov'ev, and Zogaris, Stamatis

Published
2022
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117. Künstliches Hochwasser an der Saane : eine Massnahme zum nachhaltigen Auenmanagement

Author

Döring, Michael, Tonolla, Diego, Robinson, Christopher T., Schleiss, Anton, Stähly, Severin, Gufler, Christa, Geilhausen, Martin, and Di Cugno, Nina

Subjects
Geschiebeschüttungen, 333: Bodenwirtschaft und Ressourcen, Makrozoobenthos, Künstliches Hochwasser, Auen, Untersuchungsgebiete, Künstliche Hochwasser, 577: Ökologie
Abstract

Durch Wasserkraft genutzte Flüsse und Auenlandschaften sind in ihrem Abfluss- und Geschieberegime und damit in ihrer Morphologie und Ökologie oft stark beeinträchtigt. In der Saane unterhalb der Staumauer Rossens führten eine jahrzehntelange Restwasserbewirtschaftung und eine starke Reduktion der Geschiebefracht zu einer mangelnden Abfluss- und Geschiebedynamik und damit zu einer Reihe von Defiziten wie einer fehlenden, für Auen typischen Habitatdynamik oder einer an stabile Verhältnisse angepasste Makrozoobenthosgemeinschaft. Künstliche Hochwasser und Geschiebeschüttungen sind mögliche Massnahmen zur Verbesserung solcher morphologischen und ökologischen Defizite. Ein solches künstliches Hochwasser in Verbindung mit einer Geschiebeschüttung im September 2016 führte in der Restwasserstrecke der Saane zu einer Reihe von ökologischen und morphologischen Veränderungen. Dazu gehörten unter anderem Habitat- und Geschiebeumlagerungen, Entfernung von Kolmation und Kiesbank überwuchernder Vegetation oder auch die Reduktion von sehr hohen Individuendichten in der Makrozoobenthosgemeinschaft. Allerdings konnte auch gezeigt werden, dass die positiven Auswirkungen, insbesondere auf das Makrozoobenthos, nur kurzfristig anhielten, was eine regelmässige Durchführung solcher Massnahmen nahelegt, um dauerhaft und nachhaltig wirksam zu sein. Das ist insbesondere für komplexe Auenlandschaften von Bedeutung, die unter natürlichen Bedingungen eine hohe Dynamik aufweisen. Insgesamt konnten mit dieser Studie die Auswirkungen dieses künstlichen Hochwassers umfassend quantifiziert, bewertet sowie der praktische Nutzen gezeigt werden. Die Resultate können dazu beitragen, solche Massnahmen aus ökologischer und ökonomischer Sicht (Wasserverlust zur Energieproduktion) in Zukunft angemessen zu dimensionieren und Modellvorhersagen als Planungsgrundlagen zu verbessern, um somit zur verbesserten ökologischen Verträglichkeit der Grosswasserkraft als wichtigen Energieträger beizutragen.

Published
2018

118. Exploring and quantifying river thermal response to heatwaves

Author

Piccolroaz, Sebastiano, Toffolon, Marco, Robinson, Christopher T., and Siviglia, Annunziato

Subjects
heatwaves, river water temperature, thermal response of rivers, extreme climate events, hydrological regime, thermal regime, air temperature, climate change, lcsh:Hydraulic engineering, Aquatic Science, Air temperature, Biochemistry, lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, Heatwaves, lcsh:TC1-978, Climate change, Water Science and Technology, Planning and Development, lcsh:TD201-500, Geography, Extreme climate events, Hydrological regime, River water temperature, Thermal regime, Thermal response of rivers, Geography, Planning and Development
Abstract

Most of the existing literature on river water temperature focuseds on river thermal sensitivity to long-term trends of climate variables, whereas how river water temperature responds to extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, still requires in-depth analysis. Research in this direction is particularly relevant in that heatwaves are expected to increase in intensity, frequency, and duration in the coming decades, with likely consequences on river thermal regimes and ecology. In this study we analyzed the long-term temperature and streamflow series of 19 Swiss rivers with different hydrological regime (regulated, low-land, and snow-fed), and characterized how concurrent changes in air temperature and streamflow concurred to affect their thermal dynamics. We focused on quantifying the thermal response to the three most significant heatwave events that occurred in Central Europe since 1950 (July–August 2003, July 2006, and July 2015). We found that the thermal response of the analyzed rivers contrasted strongly depending on the river hydrological regime, confirming the behavior observed under typical weather conditions. Low-land rivers were extremely sensitive to heatwaves. In sharp contrast, high-altitude snow-fed rivers and regulated rivers receiving cold water from higher altitude hydropower reservoirs or diversions showed a damped thermal response. The results presented in this study suggest that water resource managers should be aware of the multiple consequences of heatwave events on river water temperature and incorporate expected thermal responses in adaptive management policy. In this respect, additional efforts and dedicated studies are required to deepen our knowledge on how extreme heatwave events can affect river ecosystems., Water, 10 (8), ISSN:2073-4441

Published
2018

127. Bottlenecks drive temporal and spatial genetic changes in alpine caddisfly metapopulations

Author

Jokela Jukka, Kubow Karen B, Shama Lisa NS, and Robinson Christopher T

Subjects
Evolution, QH359-425
Abstract

Abstract Background Extinction and re-colonisation of local populations is common in ephemeral habitats such as temporary streams. In most cases, such population turnover leads to reduced genetic diversity within populations and increased genetic differentiation among populations due to stochastic founder events, genetic drift, and bottlenecks associated with re-colonisation. Here, we examined the spatio-temporal genetic structure of 8 alpine caddisfly populations inhabiting permanent and temporary streams from four valleys in two regions of the Swiss Alps in years before and after a major stream drying event, the European heat wave in summer 2003. Results We found that population turnover after 2003 led to a loss of allelic richness and gene diversity but not to significant changes in observed heterozygosity. Within all valleys, permanent and temporary streams in any given year were not differentiated, suggesting considerable gene flow and admixture between streams with differing hydroperiods. Large changes in allele frequencies after 2003 resulted in a substantial increase in genetic differentiation among valleys within one to two years (1-2 generations) driven primarily by drift and immigration. Signatures of genetic bottlenecks were detected in all 8 populations after 2003 using the M-ratio method, but in no populations when using a heterozygosity excess method, indicating differential sensitivity of bottleneck detection methods. Conclusions We conclude that genetic differentiation among A. uncatus populations changed markedly both temporally and spatially in response to the extreme climate event in 2003. Our results highlight the magnitude of temporal population genetic changes in response to extreme events. More specifically, our results show that extreme events can cause rapid genetic divergence in metapopulations. Further studies are needed to determine if recovery from this perturbation through gradual mixing of diverged populations by migration and gene flow leads to the pre-climate event state, or whether the observed changes represent a new genetic equilibrium.

Published
2011
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129. Robust quantification of riverine land cover dynamics by high-resolution remote sensing

Author

Milani, Gillian, Volpi, Michele, Tonolla, Diego, Döring, Michael, Robinson, Christopher T., Kneubühler, Mathias, Schaepman, Michael, Milani, Gillian, Volpi, Michele, Tonolla, Diego, Döring, Michael, Robinson, Christopher T., Kneubühler, Mathias, and Schaepman, Michael

Abstract

Floodplain areas belong to the most diverse, dynamic and complex ecological habitats of the terrestrial portion of the Earth. Spatial and temporal quantification of floodplain dynamics is needed for assessing the impacts of hydromorphological controls on river ecosystems. However, estimation of land cover dynamics in a post-classification setting is hindered by a high contribution of classification errors. A possible solution relies on the selection of specific information of the change map, instead of increasing the overall classification accuracy. In this study, we analyze the capabilities of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), the associated classification processes and their respective accuracies to extract a robust estimate of floodplain dynamics. We show that an estimation of dynamics should be built on specific land cover interfaces to be robust against classification errors and should include specific features depending on the season-sensor coupling. We use five different sets of features and determine the optimal combination to use information largely based on blue and infrared bands with the support of texture and point cloud metrics at leaf-off conditions. In this post-classification setting, the best observation of dynamics can be achieved by focusing on the gravel-water interface. The semi-supervised approach generated error of 10% of observed changes along highly dynamic reaches using these two land cover classes. The results show that a robust quantification of floodplain land cover dynamics can be achieved by high-resolution remote sensing.

Published
2018

130. Nonlinear higher order abiotic interactions explain riverine biodiversity

Author

Ryo, Masahiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5271-3446, Harvey, Eric, Robinson, Christopher T, Altermatt, Florian, Ryo, Masahiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5271-3446, Harvey, Eric, Robinson, Christopher T, and Altermatt, Florian

Abstract

Aim: Theory and experiments strongly support the importance of interactive effects of multiple factors shaping biodiversity, although their importance rarely has been investigated at biogeographically relevant scales. In particular, the importance of higher order interactions among environmental factors at such scales is largely unknown. We investigated higher order interactions of environmental factors to explain diversity patterns in a metacommunity of aquatic invertebrates at a biogeo- graphically relevant scale and discuss the findings in an environmental management context. Location: All major drainage basins in Switzerland (Rhine, Rhone, Ticino and Inn; 41,285 km2). Methods: Riverine a-diversity patterns at two taxonomic levels (family richness of all benthic macroinvertebrates and species richness of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) were examined at 518 sites across the basins. We applied a novel machine learning technique to detect key three-way interactions of explanatory variables by comparing the relative importance of 1,140 three-way combinations for family richness and 680 three-way combinations for species richness. Results: Relatively few but important three-way interactions were meaningful for predicting biodiversity patterns among the numerous possible combinations. Specifically, we found that interactions among elevational gradient, prevalence of forest coverage in the upstream basin and biogeoclimatic regional classification were distinctly important. Main conclusion: Our results indicated that a high prevalence of terrestrial forest generally sustains riverine benthic macroinvertebrate diversity, but this relationship varies considerably with biogeoclimatic and elevational conditions likely due to community composition of forests and macroinvertebrates changing along climatic and geographical gradients. An adequate management of riverine ecosystems at relevant biogeographical scales requires the identification of such interactions and a

Published
2018

131. Does rapid glacial recession affect feeding habits of alpine stream insects?

Author

Sertić Perić, Mirela, Nielsen, Jens M., Schubert, Carsten J., and Robinson, Christopher T.

Subjects
MELTWATER, CARBON isotopes, POWER resources, NITROGEN isotopes, RIVERS, INSECTS
Abstract

Glacial retreat, accompanied by shifts in riparian vegetation and glacier meltwater inputs, alters the energy supply and trophic structure of alpine stream food webs. Our goal in this study was to enhance understanding of dietary niches of macroinvertebrates inhabiting different alpine streams with contrasting glacial and non‐glacial (groundwater, precipitation, snowmelt) water inputs in conjunction with seasonal and habitat‐specific variation in basal resource availability.We measured a range of stream physico‐chemical attributes as well as carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) of macroinvertebrates and primary food sources at seven sites across seasons within a Swiss glaciated catchment (Val Roseg) undergoing rapid glacial retreat (1–2 km between 1997 and 2014). Sampling sites corresponded to streams used in a previous (1997/1998) study within the same alpine catchment.Physico‐chemical attributes showed wide variation in environmental conditions across streams and seasons. Significant correlation among physico‐chemical proxies of glacier meltwater (phosphate‐P, total inorganic carbon, conductivity, turbidity) and macroinvertebrate δ13C, δ15N, and size‐corrected standard ellipse area (a proxy for feeding niche width) values showed that the extent of glacial water input shapes the energy base among alpine streams. Feeding niche differences among common alpine stream insect taxa (Chironomidae, Baetidae, Heptageniidae) were not significant, indicating that these organisms probably are plastic in feeding behaviour, opportunistically relying on food resources available in a particular stream and season.Seasonal trends in macroinvertebrate δ13C largely followed patterns in periphyton δ13C values, indicating that autochthonous resources were the main consumer energy source within the stream network, as shown previously. The overall range in macroinvertebrate δ13C (−33.5 to −18.4‰) and δ15N (−6.9 to 6.7‰) values also corresponded to values measured in the previous study, suggesting that macroinvertebrates altered diets in line with changes in environmental conditions and food resources during a period of rapid glacial retreat. Our results suggest that environmental changes brought on by rapid glacial retreat have not yet caused a profound change in the trophic structure within these fluvial networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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133. Flood disturbance affects macroinvertebrate food chain length in an alluvial river floodplain.

Author

Chanut, Pierre C. M., Siebers, Andre R., and Robinson, Christopher T.

Subjects
FLOODPLAINS, ALLUVIAL streams, FOOD chains, FLOODS, HYDROLOGY
Abstract

Characterising food‐web responses to environmental factors could greatly improve our understanding of environment‐biota relationships, and especially in floodplains where trophic interactions can be particularly important during phases of hydrological disconnection. The effects of floodplain hydrology and environmental attributes on structural aspects of biotic assemblages have been extensively studied, but responses at the functional level remain largely unknown.Here, we characterised a central aspect of food‐web architecture, the food chain length, as the maximum trophic position within 24 macroinvertebrate communities of parafluvial habitats in the Maggia river floodplain, in Switzerland. We investigated how the food chain length changed with different levels of habitat size, primary productivity and disturbance, the three factors potentially affecting food chain length in both theoretical and empirical studies.We found that food chain length was lower in frequently flooded habitats and immediately after a flood. We also showed that trophic omnivory, where predators fed at lower trophic levels after flooding, and in more frequently flooded habitats, may explain these changes.These findings show that trophic omnivory may explain how predators resist disturbance and are maintained in highly dynamic landscapes. More importantly, given that trophic omnivory may overall weaken trophic linkages and thus increase food‐web stability, this suggests that it could be a key mechanism in sustaining biodiversity in river floodplains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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141. Ecological effects of SBT operations on a residual river: Solis SBT case-study

Author

Martín, Eduardo J., Doering, Michael, Robinson, Christopher T., Martín, Eduardo J., Doering, Michael, and Robinson, Christopher T.

Abstract

Sediment trapping and decreased flow variability are two major alterations caused by dams, generating downstream ecological consequences as well as reservoir problems, such as reduced storage capacity. Sediment Bypass Tunnel (SBT) operation is one technique towards re-establishing sediment connectivity and enhancing flow variability in downstream rivers. In this study, we evaluated the ecological effects of a new SBT in an alpine stream (Albula) in Switzerland over 2 years, including 5 major SBT operations. Hyporheic organic matter processing (sediment respiration), primary production and macroinvertebrate assemblages were analysed along a 4-km stretch of the residual river to better understand the ecological impact among different ecosystem properties. Results showed a clear reduction in organic matter processing, primary production and macroinvertebrate density and richness in response to SBT operations. The main factors dictating the impact of SBT operations were the maximum discharge and cumulative volume of sediment released from the SBT. We found temporal and spatial shifts in macroinvertebrate community composition with tributaries playing a positive role in ecosystem recovery following an SBT operation. Based on these results, SBT operations apparently act as short-term (pulse) disturbances to receiving waters, enhancing sediment connectivity and flow variability. Importantly, however, thresholds on the magnitude and frequency of operations should be considered to prevent catastrophic disturbances detrimental to riverine ecosystems downstream.

Published
2017

144. Distribution and population genetic variation of cryptic species of the Alpine mayfly Baetis alpinus (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in the Central Alps

Author

Leys, Marie, Keller, Irene, Räsänen, Katja, Gattolliat, Jean-Luc, and Robinson, Christopher T.

Subjects
Alpine biodiversity, Nuclear microsatellites, Animal Distribution, Animals, Bayes Theorem, Biodiversity, Biological Evolution, DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics, Ecosystem, Ephemeroptera/anatomy & histology, Ephemeroptera/classification, Genetic Variation, Genetics, Population, Microsatellite Repeats, Phylogeny, Switzerland, Sympatry, 610 Medicine & health, DNA, Mitochondrial, Mitochondrial DNA, Cryptic species, 570 Life sciences, biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ephemeroptera, Research Article
Abstract

Background Many species contain evolutionarily distinct groups that are genetically highly differentiated but morphologically difficult to distinguish (i.e., cryptic species). The presence of cryptic species poses significant challenges for the accurate assessment of biodiversity and, if unrecognized, may lead to erroneous inferences in many fields of biological research and conservation. Results We tested for cryptic genetic variation within the broadly distributed alpine mayfly Baetis alpinus across several major European drainages in the central Alps. Bayesian clustering and multivariate analyses of nuclear microsatellite loci, combined with phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA, were used to assess population genetic structure and diversity. We identified two genetically highly differentiated lineages (A and B) that had no obvious differences in regional distribution patterns, and occurred in local sympatry. Furthermore, the two lineages differed in relative abundance, overall levels of genetic diversity as well as patterns of population structure: lineage A was abundant, widely distributed and had a higher level of genetic variation, whereas lineage B was less abundant, more prevalent in spring-fed tributaries than glacier-fed streams and restricted to high elevations. Subsequent morphological analyses revealed that traits previously acknowledged as intraspecific variation of B. alpinus in fact segregated these two lineages. Conclusions Taken together, our findings indicate that even common and apparently ecologically well-studied species may consist of reproductively isolated units, with distinct evolutionary histories and likely different ecology and evolutionary potential. These findings emphasize the need to investigate hidden diversity even in well-known species to allow for appropriate assessment of biological diversity and conservation measures. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0643-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2016
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145. Functional diversity and community assembly of river invertebrates show globally consistent responses to decreasing glacier cover

Author

Brown, Lee E., primary, Khamis, Kieran, additional, Wilkes, Martin, additional, Blaen, Phillip, additional, Brittain, John E., additional, Carrivick, Jonathan L., additional, Fell, Sarah, additional, Friberg, Nikolai, additional, Füreder, Leopold, additional, Gislason, Gisli M., additional, Hainie, Sarah, additional, Hannah, David M., additional, James, William H. M., additional, Lencioni, Valeria, additional, Olafsson, Jon S., additional, Robinson, Christopher T., additional, Saltveit, Svein J., additional, Thompson, Craig, additional, and Milner, Alexander M., additional

Published
2017
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147. Glacier shrinkage driving global changes in downstream systems

Author

Milner, Alexander M., primary, Khamis, Kieran, additional, Battin, Tom J., additional, Brittain, John E., additional, Barrand, Nicholas E., additional, Füreder, Leopold, additional, Cauvy-Fraunié, Sophie, additional, Gíslason, Gísli Már, additional, Jacobsen, Dean, additional, Hannah, David M., additional, Hodson, Andrew J., additional, Hood, Eran, additional, Lencioni, Valeria, additional, Ólafsson, Jón S., additional, Robinson, Christopher T., additional, Tranter, Martyn, additional, and Brown, Lee E., additional

Published
2017
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150. Hydrologic linkages drive spatial structuring of bacterial assemblages and functioning in alpine floodplains

Author

Freimann, Remo, Bürgmann, Helmut, Findlay, Stuart E. G., and Robinson, Christopher T.

Subjects
Alpine ecosystems, Bacterial community dynamics, Floodplains, Hydrologic connectivity, Eigenvector maps, Alpine rivers, Microbiology, Life sciences, Bacterial functions, Piezometer, ARISA, Multivariate data analysis, Ecosystem functioning, Enzyme activity, ddc:570, parasitic diseases, ecosystem functions
Abstract

Frontiers in Microbiology, 6, ISSN:1664-302X

Published
2015
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