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Paper presented at the Annual Meeting and Mental Health Assembly of the National Association for Mental Health (Boston, November 21,1968).

Most previous studies of the depression-mortality association have not examined distinct depressive symptom clusters. This ex post facto study examined which aspects of depression may account for its association with mortality. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was administered to 3,867 community dwelling adults. Cox proportional hazards procedures estimated the risk of mortality as a function of depression status and each of 4 CES-D factor scores. Depressed participants (CES-D ≥ 16) had a 1.23-fold higher risk of mortality (95% CI 1.03-1.49), adjusting for sociodemographics. Somatic Complaints (SC) was the only factor to predict mortality (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.03-1.38). After excluding SC, CES-D scores no longer predicted mortality (HR .98, 95% CI .79-1.21). The association between CES-D depressive symptoms and mortality appears to be a function of the SC factor. The association between non-somatic depressive symptoms and mortality may not be as robust as past findings suggest.

Texto completo: acesso restrito. p. 125-131 Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2014-01-21T11:00:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 j.1475-3588.2007.00447.x.pdf: 480294 bytes, checksum: 733deb04f4eac675e365682e4d4ba2bb (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-21T11:00:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 j.1475-3588.2007.00447.x.pdf: 480294 bytes, checksum: 733deb04f4eac675e365682e4d4ba2bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 Background: The relation between race, ethnicity and health has been recognised as having an important role in the understanding of social inequalities in health. In Brazil, miscegenation (the mixing of different ethnicities or races, especially in marriage) is recognised as a sign of racial tolerance, but individuals with black skin colour have poorer social and health indicators than whites. The hypothesis that perceived racial discrimination is associated with depression and depressive symptoms among adolescents living in a Brazilian urban area is analysed, taking into consideration sociodemographic variables, socioeconomic status and skin colour. Method: This paper presents results from a cross-sectional study carried out with a random one-stage cluster sampling of households in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The study population comprises 973 individuals from 10 to 21 years of age who answered questionnaires about racial discrimination, socio-demographic and health-related variables. Major depression according to DSM-IV criteria was assessed using a validated Portuguese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). The overall prevalence of major depression was estimated as 10.4%. Results: No statistically significant differences were found for prevalence of major depression or any depressive symptom according to skin colour (Black versus non-Black). However, adolescents who reported racial discrimination were more likely to have major depression, even after adjustment for age, sex, socioeconomic status, skin colour and self-esteem (Adjusted Prevalence ratio = 2.00, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.37–2.97). Low self-esteem was not associated with racial discrimination. Conclusion: Depression among adolescents is a common disorder. Skin colour, a biological component of ethnic differences, was not a factor associated with depression or depressive symptoms. Instead, the perception of racial discrimination was a strong potential risk factor for major depression in this population group, which needs to be addressed in further studies and considered in preventive and mental health care programs.

Texto completo: acesso restrito. p. 294-301 Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-11-18T15:05:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Santana, Vilma S..pdf: 430420 bytes, checksum: 9eadb013555897aaeae3f5b565d926fd (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles (rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-11-19T20:23:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Santana, Vilma S..pdf: 430420 bytes, checksum: 9eadb013555897aaeae3f5b565d926fd (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-19T20:23:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santana, Vilma S..pdf: 430420 bytes, checksum: 9eadb013555897aaeae3f5b565d926fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 In a prospective cohort study, the hypotheses that adolescent students who work have poorer school performances, more sick days, and poor self-perceived health were examined. From a one-stage random cluster area sampling of 2,512 households in Bahia, Brazil, 888 students 10–21 years of age were asked to answer questionnaires. School dropouts were more common among working students independently of gender. Both full-time (PRadjusted = 2.43; 95% CI: 1.49–3.96) and part-time (PRadjusted = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.28–3.35) working males were more likely to report frequent class skipping. Among females, paid Jobs also were associated with poor self-perceived health, but not after adjustment for age and SES. Brazilian labor legislation for adolescent workers needs to be revised to take into account that jobs can compromise educational achievement.