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102. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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Abbafati, C., Machado, D.B., Cislaghi, B., Salman, O.M., Karanikolos, M., McKee, M., Abbas, K.M., Brady, O.J., Larson, H.J., Trias-Llimós, S., Cummins, S., Langan, S.M., Sartorius, B., Hafiz, A., Jenabi, E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N., Borzouei, S., Azarian, G., Khazaei, S., Abbasi, M., Asghari, B., Masoumi, S., Komaki, H., Taherkhani, A., Adabi, M., Abbasifard, M., Bazmandegan, G., Kamiab, Z., Vakilian, A., Anjomshoa, M., Mokari, A., Sabour, S., Shahbaz, M., Saeedi, R., Ahmadieh, H., Yousefinezhadi, T., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Nikbakhsh, R., Safi, S., Asgari, S., Irvani, S.N., Jahanmehr, N., Ramezanzadeh, K., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Khayamzadeh, M., Abbastabar, H., Shirkoohi, R., Fazlzadeh, M., Janjani, H., Hosseini, M., Mansournia, M., Tohidinik, H., Bakhtiari, A., Fazaeli, A., Mousavi, S., Hasanzadeh, A., Nabavizadeh, B., Malekzadeh, R., Hashemian, M., Pourshams, A., Salimzadeh, H., Sepanlou, S.G., Afarideh, M., Esteghamati, A., Esteghamati, S., Ghajar, A., Heidari, B., Rezaei, N., Mohamadi, E., Rahimi-Movaghar, A., Rahim, F., Eskandarieh, S., Sahraian, M., Mohebi, F., Aminorroaya, A., Ebrahimi, H., Farzadfar, F., Mohajer, B., Pishgar, F., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Shabani, M., Zarafshan, H., Abolhassani, H., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Abdollahi, M., Farahmand, M., Salamati, P., Mehrabi Nasab, E., Tajdini, M., Aghamir, S., Mirzaei, R., Dibaji Forooshani, Z., Khater, M.M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdelalim, A., Abualhasan, A., El-Jaafary, S.I., Hassan, A., Elsharkawy, A., Khater, A.M., Elhabashy, H.R., Salem, M.R.R., Salem, H., Sadeghi, M., Jafarinia, M., Amini-Rarani, M., Mohammadifard, N., Sarrafzadegan, N., Abdollahpour, I., Sarveazad, A., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Yoosefi Lebni, J., Manafi, N., Pazoki Toroudi, H., Dorostkar, F., Alipour, V., Sheikhtaheri, A., Arabloo, J., Azari, S., Ghashghaee, A., Rezapour, A., Naserbakht, M., Kabir, A., Mehri, F., Yousefifard, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Babaee, E., Eshrati, B., Goharinezhad, S., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Abedi, P., Rashedi, V., Kumar, V., Elgendy, I.Y., Basu, S., Park, J., Pereira, A., Norheim, O.F., Eagan, A.W., Cahill, L.E., Sheikh, A., Abushouk, A.I., Kraemer, M.U.G., Thakur, B., Bärnighausen, T.W., Shrime, M.G., Abedi, A., Doshi, C.P., Abegaz, K.H., Geberemariyam, B.S., Aynalem, Y.A., Shiferaw, W.S., Abosetugn, A.E., Aboyans, V., Abrams, E.M., Gitimoghaddam, M., Kissoon, N., Stubbs, J.L., Brauer, M., Iyamu, I.O., Kopec, J.A., Pourmalek, F., Ribeiro, A.P., Malta, D.C., Gomez, R.S., Abreu, L.G., Abrigo, M.R.M., Almulhim, A.M., Dahlawi, S.M.A., Pottoo, F.H., Menezes, R.G., Alanzi, T.M., Alumran, A.K., Abu Haimed, A.K., Madadin, M., Alanezi, F.M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Saddik, B., Abu-Raddad, L.J., Samy, A.M., El Nahas, N., Shalash, A.S., Nabhan, A.F., Kamath, A.M., Kassebaum, N.J., Aravkin, A.Y., Kochhar, S., Sorensen, R.J.D., Afshin, A., Burkart, K., Cromwell, E.A., Dandona, L., Dharmaratne, S.D., Gakidou, E., Hay, S.I., Kyu, H.H., Lopez, A.D., Lozano, R., Misganaw, A.T., Mokdad, A.H., Naghavi, M., Pigott, D.M., Reiner Jr, R.C., Roth, G.A., Stanaway, J.D., Vollset, S., Vos, T., Wang, H., Lim, S.S., Murray, C.J.L., Kalani, R., Ikuta, K.S., Cho, D.Y., Kneib, C.J., Crowe, C.S., Massenburg, B.B., Morrison, S.D., Acebedo, A., Adelson, J.D., Agesa, K.M., Alam, T., Albertson, S.B., Anderson, J.A., Antony, C.M., Ashbaugh, C., Assmus, M., Azhar, G., Balassyano, S., Bannick, M.S., Barthelemy, C.M., Bender, R.G., Bennitt, F.B., Bertolacci, G.J., Biehl, M.H., Bisignano, C., Boon-Dooley, A.S., Briant, P.S., Bryazka, D., Bumgarner, B.R., Callender, C.S., Cao, J., Castle, C.D., Castro, E., Causey, K., Cercy, K.M., Chalek, J., Charlson, F.J., Cohen, A.J., Comfort, H., Compton, K., Croneberger, A.J., Cruz, J.A., Cunningham, M., Dandona, R., Dangel, W.J., Dean, F.E., DeCleene, N.K., Deen, A., Degenhardt, L., Dingels, Z.V., Dippenaar, I.N., Dirac, M.A., Dolgert, A.J., Emmons-Bell, S., Estep, K., Farag, T., Feigin, V.L., Feldman, R., Ferrara, G., Ferrari, A.J., Fitzgerald, R., Force, L.M., Fox, J.T., Frank, T.D., Fu, W., Fukutaki, K., Fuller, J.E., Fullman, N., Galles, N.C., Gardner, W.M., Gershberg Hayoon, A., Goren, E., Gorman, T.M., Gottlich, H.C., Guo, G., Haddock, B., Hagins, H., Haile, L.M., Hamilton, E.B., Han, C., Han, H., Harvey, J.D., Henny, K., Henrikson, H.J., Henry, N.J., Herbert, M.E., Hsiao, T., Huynh, C.K., Iannucci, V.C., Ippolito, H., Irvine, C.M.S., Jafari, H., Jahagirdar, D., James, S.L., Johnson, C.O., Johnson, S.C., Keller, C., Kemmer, L., Kendrick, P.J., Knight, M., Kocarnik, J.M., Krohn, K.J., Larson, S.L., Lau, K.M., Ledesma, J.R., Leever, A.T., LeGrand, K.E., Lescinsky, H., Lin, C., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Lo, J., Lu, A., Ma, J., Maddison, E.R., Manguerra, H., Marks, A., Martopullo, I., Mastrogiacomo, C.I., May, E.A., Mooney, M.D., Mosser, J.F., Mullany, E.C., Mumford, J., Munro, S.B., Nandakumar, V., Nguyen, J., Nguyen, M., Nichols, E., Nixon, M.R., Odell, C.M., Ong, K.L., Orji, A.U., Ostroff, S.M., Pasovic, M., Paulson, K.R., Pease, S.A., Pennini, A., Pierce, M., Pilz, T.M., Pletcher, M., Rao, P.C., Razo, C., Redford, S.B., Reinig, N., Reitsma, M.B., Rhinehart, P., Robalik, T., Roberts, S., Roberts, N.L.S., Rolfe, S., Sbarra, A.N., Schaeffer, L.E., Shackelford, K.A., Shadid, J., Sharara, F., Shaw, D.H., Sheena, B.S., Simpson, K.E., Smith, A., Spencer, C.N., Spurlock, E.E., Stark, B.A., Steiner, C., Steuben, K.M., Sylte, D.O., Tang, M., Taylor, H.J., Terrason, S., Thomson, A.M., Torre, A.E., Travillian, R., Troeger, C.E., Vongpradith, A., Walters, M.K., Wang, J., Watson, A., Watson, S., Whisnant, J.L., Whiteford, H.A., Wiens, K.E., Wilner, L.B., Wilson, S., Wool, E.E., Wozniak, S.S., Wu, J., Wulf Hanson, S., Wunrow, H., Xu, R., Yadgir, S., Yearwood, J.A., York, H.W., Yuan, C., Zhao, J.T., Zheng, P., Zimsen, S.R.M., Zlavog, B.S., Chang, A.Y., Oren, E., Buchbinder, R., Chin, K.L., Guo, Y., Polkinghorne, K.R., Thrift, A.G., Lee, S.W.H., Ackerman, I.N., Cicuttini, F.M., Li, S., Zaman, S., Suleria, H., Zhang, J., Cowie, B.C., Wijeratne, T., Patton, G.C., Sawyer, S.M., Adair, T., Meretoja, A., Adetokunboh, O.O., Adamu, A.A., Iwu, C.J., Parry, C.D.H., Seedat, S., Ndwandwe, D.E., Mahasha, P.W., Stein, D.J., Nnaji, C.A., Sambala, E.Z., Wiysonge, C.S., Adebayo, O.M., Ilesanmi, O.S., Owolabi, M.O., Adeoye, A.M., Adedeji, I.A., Adekanmbi, V., Ibitoye, S.E., John-Akinola, Y.O., Oluwasanu, M.M., Oghenetega, O.B., Akinyemi, R.O., Zandian, H., Adham, D., Zahirian Moghadam, T., Advani, S.M., Teagle, W.L., Braithwaite, D., Agasthi, P., Saadatagah, S., Afshari, M., Agardh, E.E., Allebeck, P., Danielsson, A., Deuba, K., Carrero, J.J., Mohammad, D.K., Fereshtehnejad, S., Ärnlöv, J., Nowak, C., Cederroth, C.R., Ahmadi, A., Pathak, A., Mills, E.J., Kurmi, O.P., Olagunju, A.T., Agarwal, G., Sathish, T., Aghaali, M., Mohammadbeigi, A., Agrawal, A., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Maleki, S., Naderi, M., Salahshoor, M.R., Pourmirza Kalhori, R., Almasi, A., Salimi, Y., Siabani, S., Ziapour, A., Barzegar, A., Khazaie, H., Kianipour, N., Amiri, F., Salehi Zahabi, S., Mirzaei, M., Shamsi, M., Najafi, F., Jalali, A., Ghadiri, K., Heydarpour, F., Fattahi, N., Karami Matin, B., Kazemi Karyani, A., Pirsaheb, M., Rajati, F., Sadeghi, E., Safari, Y., Sharafi, K., Soltani, S., Vasseghian, Y., Atafar, Z., Jalilian, F., Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Saeidi, S., Soofi, M., Zangeneh, A., Mansouri, B., Ahmadi, M., Khafaie, M.A., Safiri, S., Moghadaszadeh, M., Asghari Jafarabadi, M., Doshmangir, L., Jadidi-Niaragh, F., Ghafourifard, M., Spotin, A., Khodayari, M., Samadi Kafil, H., Kalankesh, L.R., Ahmadpour, E., Yousefi, B., Ansari, F., Hassankhani, H., Karimi, S., Haririan, H., Mereta, S., Ahmed, M.B., Feyissa, G.T., Ciobanu, L.G., Aji, B., Aynalem, G.L., Gebresillassie, B., Tefera, Y.G., Akalu, T.Y., Baraki, A.G., Tesema, G.A., Tessema, Z.T., Tamiru, A.T., Azene, Z.N., Netsere, H.B., Yano, Y., Akinyemiju, T., Wu, C., Zadey, S., Samad, Z., Ji, J.S., Doshi, P.P., John, O., Jha, V., Maulik, P.K., Pesudovs, K., Resnikoff, S., Mitchell, P.B., Sachdev, P.S., Akombi, B., Godinho, M.A., Ivers, R.Q., Peden, A.E., Biswas, R., Boufous, S., Akunna, C.J., Alahdab, F., Hammer, M.S., van Donkelaar, A., Al-Aly, Z., Dellavalle, R.P., Alam, S., Martin, R.V., Alam, N., De Leo, D., Tadakamadla, S.K., Alam, K., Alcalde-Rabanal, J.E., Avila-Burgos, L., Serván-Mori, E., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Rodríguez-Ramírez, S., Morales, L., Poznańska, A., Wojtyniak, B., Rivera, J.A., Campos-Nonato, I.R., Campuzano Rincon, J., Sánchez-Pimienta, T.G., Mengesha, M.B., Welay, F.T., Alema, N.M., Demsie, D.G., Teame, H., Teklehaimanot, B.F., Alemu, B.W., Gultie, T., Bante, A.B., Yeshitila, Y.G., Geramo, Y.C.D., Glagn, M., Sorrie, M.B., W/hawariat, F.G., Amare, A., Kasa, A., Alemu, Y., Mihretie, K.M., Atnafu, D.D., Demeke, F.M., Melese, A., Bante, S.A., Dessie, G.A., Mengesha, E.W., Nigatu, D., Almadi, M.A.H., Alhabib, K.F., Mohammad, Y., Altirkawi, K.A., Temsah, M., Kugbey, N., Ayanore, M.A., Alhassan, R.K., Ali, M., Ali, S., Alicandro, G., Kalhor, R., Alijanzadeh, M., Alinia, C., Yusefzadeh, H., Didarloo, A., Alizade, H., Nikpoor, A., Aljunid, S.M., Alla, F., Leal, L.F., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Moradzadeh, R., Zamanian, M., Nazari, J., Amini, S., Ghamari, F., Almasri, N.A., Khan, M., Al-Mekhlafi, H.M., Bedi, N., Alonso, J., Ciber, E.S.P., Al-Raddadi, R.M., Zakzuk, J., Alvis-Guzman, N., Alvis-Zakzuk, N.J., Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A., Malagón-Rojas, J.N., Gezae, K., Gesesew, H.A., Muthupandian, S., Gebremeskel, G.G., Berhe, K., Amare, B., Ayza, M.A., Gebremeskel, L.G., Gebreslassie, A.A.A., Bitew, H., Zewdie, K.A., Tela, F.G.G., Gill, T.K., Noubiap, J., Lassi, Z.S., Bhandari, D., Amit, A.L., Antonio, C.T., Faraon, E.A., Lopez, J.F., Atre, S.R., Ballew, S.H., Matsushita, K., Khoja, A.T., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Ghadimi, M., Shafaat, O., Fanzo, J., Amugsi, D.A., Amul, G.H., Koh, D.S.Q., Venketasubramanian, N., Anbesu, E.W., Mohammed, J.A., Wondmeneh, T.G., Andrei, C., Negoi, R.I., Davitoiu, D.V., Manda, A., Negoi, I., Preotescu, L., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Ancuceanu, R., Hasan, M., Leung, J., Anderlini, D., Mamun, A.A., Maravilla, J.C., McGrath, J.J., Lalloo, R., Uddin, R., Erskine, H.E., Knibbs, L.D., Mantilla Herrera, A.M., Santomauro, D.F., Mirica, A., Ausloos, M., Herteliu, C., Oţoiu, A., Pana, A., Andrei, T., Ştefan, S., Androudi, S., Angus, C., Ansari, I., Pourjafar, H., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Khammarnia, M., Antonazzo, I., Ferrara, P., Conti, S., Cortesi, P.A., Fornari, C., Lee, P.H., Antriyandarti, E., Yousefi, Z., Rafiei, A., Javidnia, J., Faridnia, R., Anvari, D., Goudarzian, A., Moosazadeh, M., Rezai, M., Daryani, A., Fareed, M., Anwer, R., Appiah, S., Paudel, D., Dichgans, M., Riahi, S., Rajabpour-Sanati, A., Arab-Zozani, M., Arba, A.A.K., Aremu, O., Ariani, F., Aripov, T., Armoon, B., Mahdavi, M.M., Arowosegbe, O.O., Tediosi, F., Aryal, K.K., Mosapour, A., Yaminfirooz, M., Arzani, A., Bijani, A., Jahani, M.A., Mouodi, S., Zamani, M., Asaad, M., Dianatinasab, M., Bahrami, M., Pakshir, K., Asadi-Pooya, A.A., Bayati, M., Shahabi, S., Athari, S., Atout, M.M.W., Atteraya, M.S., Brugha, T., Ausloos, F., Avokpaho, E.F.G., Room, R., Islam, M., Edvardsson, D., Rahman, M., Ayala Quintanilla, B., Gething, P.W., Briggs, A.M., Ayano, G., Hendrie, D., Miller, T.R., Azzopardi, P.S., Hoogar, P., B, D.B., Kulkarni, V., Kumar, N., Mithra, P., Shetty, R.S., Thapar, R., Padubidri, J., Bakkannavar, S.M., Nayak, V.C., Rastogi, P., Shetty, B.K., Bhageerathy, R., Gudi, N., Boloor, A., Holla, R., Rathi, P., Unnikrishnan, B., Janodia, M.D., Lang, J.J., Badawi, A., Orpana, H.M., Bhutta, Z.A., Shield, K.D., Chattu, V., Badiye, A.D., Kapoor, N., Bagherzadeh, M., Rabiee, N., Bagli, E., Baig, A.A., Bairwa, M., Lodha, R., Sagar, R., Rath, G.K., Bhardwaj, P., Charan, J., Kanchan, T., Joshi, A., Pakhare, A.P., Bakhshaei, M., Naghshtabrizi, B., Balachandran, A., Hoek, H.W., Postma, M.J., Geremew, A., Gebrehiwot, A.M., Balakrishnan, S., Desalew, A., Bojia, H.A., Mohammed, A.S., Regassa, L.D., Parmar, P.G.K., Balalla, S., Baldasseroni, A., Stokes, M.A., Ball, K., Islam, S., Maddison, R., Balzi, D., Levi, M., Banach, M., Banerjee, S.K., Banik, P.C., Barua, L., Faruque, M., Barboza, M.A., Barker-Collo, S.L., Jonas, J.B., Panda-Jonas, S., De Neve, J., Kohler, S., Moazen, B., Mohammed, S., Barrero, L.H., Basaleem, H., Bassat, Q., Haro, J.M., Koyanagi, A., Car, J., Greaves, F., Majeed, A., Davis, A.C., Steiner, T.J., Kusuma, D., Palladino, R., Rawaf, S., Saxena, S., Rawaf, D.L., Baune, B.T., Karch, A., Baye, B.A., Darega Gela, J., Kolola, T., Becker, J.S., DeLang, M., West, J., Gad, M.M., Serre, M.L., Gallus, S., Lugo, A., Beghi, E., Pupillo, E., Bosetti, C., Giussani, G., Bikbov, B., Perico, N., Remuzzi, G., Imani-Nasab, M., Nouraei Motlagh, S., Sharafi, Z., Behzadifar, M., Béjot, Y., Bekuma, T.T., Yilma, M.T., Bell, M.L., Bello, A.K., Rafiee, A., Keddie, S.H., Lucas, T.C.D., Dolecek, C., Dunachie, S.J., Rumisha, S.F., Weiss, D.J., Lewington, S., Collins, E.L., Nandi, A.K., Zhao, Y., Bennett, D.A., Karim, M.A., Lacey, B., Khundkar, R., Yaya, S., Goulart, A.C., Santos, I.S., Bensenor, I.M., Lotufo, P.A., Tovani-Palone, M.R., Castaldelli-Maia, J., Wang, Y., Furtado, J.M., Benziger, C.P., Berman, A.E., Mazidi, M., Bernabe, E., Dargan, P.I., Molokhia, M., Shibuya, K., Douiri, A., Wolfe, C.D.A., Hay, R.J., Flohr, C., Suchdev, P.S., Ram, P., Bernstein, R.S., Liu, Y., Bhagavathula, A.S., Khan, G., Grivna, M., Bhala, N., Chandan, J.S., Gaidhane, A.M., Quazi Syed, Z., Saxena, D., Khatib, M., Bhat, A.G., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Das, J.K., Bibi, S., Bilano, V., Bin Sayeed, M., Cherbuin, N., D'Amico, E., Grosso, G., Borzì, A.M., Biondi, A., Vacante, M., Valli, A., Birihane, B.M., Bisanzio, D., Hassan, S., Bjørge, T., Øverland, S., Bockarie, M.J., Mensah, G.A., Sliwa, K., Gholamian, A., Bohlouli, S., Esmaeilnejad, S., Bohluli, M., Bolla, S.R., Borges, G., Bose, D., Bourne, R., Brayne, C., Breitborde, N.J.K., Fisher, J.L., Breitner, S., Brenner, H., Breusov, A.V., Rakovac, I., Briko, N.I., Lopukhov, P.D., Glushkova, E.V., Korshunov, V.A., Polibin, R.V., Jakovljevic, M., Briko, A.N., Britton, G.B., Castro, F., Moreno Velásquez, I., Burnett, R.T., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Busse, R., Butt, Z.A., Caetano dos Santos, F., Cai, T., Hall, B.J., Cahuana Hurtado, Lucero, Cámera, L.A., Valdez, P.R., Tudor Car, L., Cárdenas, R., Gorini, G., Carreras, G., Fernandes, E., Freitas, M., Pereira, D.M., Santos, J.V., Ribeiro, D., Pinheiro, M., Massano, J., das Neves, J., Dias da Silva, D., Carvalho, F., Costa, V.M., Silva, J.P., Morgado-da-Costa, J., Castelpietra, G., Catalá-López, F., Pakhale, S., Cerin, E., Yip, P., Ho, H., Chang, J., Chang, A.R., Chang, K., Cooper, O.R., Chaturvedi, S., Chimed-Ochir, O., Chirinos-Caceres, J.L., Choi, J.J., Christensen, H., Truelsen, T.C., Chu, D., Kivimäki, M., Chung, S., Kumar, M., Ward, J.L., Chung, M.T., Cirillo, M., Virclo, R., Classen, T.K.D., Lauriola, P., Corso, B., Hugo, F.N., Kieling, C., Cousin, E., Duncan, B.B., Goulart, B.N.G., Schmidt, M.I., Stein, C., Cowden, R.G., MacLachlan, J.H., Leigh, J., Cross, M., Ferreira, M.L., Smith, E.U.R., Driscoll, T.R., Huda, T.M., Hoy, D.G., Horita, N., Cross, D.H., Dai, H., Hu, G., Damasceno, A.A.M., Damiani, G., La Vecchia, C., Sanabria, J., Pandey, A., Mathur, M.R., Zodpey, S., Kumar, G., Lal, D.K., Hamagharib Abdullah, K., Hosseinzadeh, M., Darwesh, A.M., Faraj, A., Omar Bali, A., Das Gupta, R., Dash, A.P., Davey, G., Deribe, K., Gebremedhin, K.B., Wondmieneh, A.B., Dereje, N.D., Dávila-Cervantes, C.A., Davletov, K., Mereke, A., Serdar, B., Haile, T.G., Tadesse, D.B., Weldesamuel, G.T., Demoz, G.T., Woldu, G., Handiso, D., Dervenis, N., Topouzis, F., Desai, R., Dhungana, G.P., Emamian, M., Diaz, D., Djalalinia, S., Nguyen, T.H., Vu, G.T., Do, H.T., Dokova, K., Doku, D.T., Neupane, S., Takala, J.S., Doxey, M.C., Doyle, K.E., Renzaho, A.M.N., Ogbo, F.A., Robinson, S.R., Vukovic, A., Ilic, I.M., Santric-Milicevic, M.M., Vujcic, I.S., Dubljanin, E., Vukovic, R., Rasella, D., Duraes, 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Vlassov, V, Vollset, Se, Vos, T, Vujcic, I, Vukovic, A, Vukovic, R, Waheed, Y, Wallin, Mt, Walters, Mk, Wang, Hb, Wang, Yp, Watson, S, Wei, Jk, Weiss, J, Weldesamuel, Gt, Werdecker, A, Westerman, R, Whiteford, Ha, Wiangkham, T, Wiens, Ke, Wijeratne, T, Wiysonge, C, Wojtyniak, B, Wolfe, Cda, Wondmieneh, Ab, Wool, Ee, Wu, Am, Wu, Jj, Xu, Gl, Yamada, T, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yearwood, Ja, Yeheyis, Ty, Yilgwan, C, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, Sj, Lebni, Jy, York, Hw, Younis, Mz, Younker, Tp, Yousefi, Z, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yousuf, Ay, Yusefzadeh, H, Moghadam, Tz, Zakzuk, J, Bin Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zhang, Zj, Zheng, P, Zhou, Mg, Ziapour, A, Murray, Cjl, Wang, Haidong, Abbas, Kaja M, Abbasifard, Mitra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abreu, Lucas Guimarãe, Abrigo, Michael R M, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, Adabi, Maryam, Adair, Tim, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Advani, Shailesh M, Afshin, Ashkan, Aghaali, Mohammad, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Ali, Muhammad, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alinia, Cyru, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Allebeck, Peter, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alumran, Arwa Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Aminorroaya, Arya, Amit, Arianna Maever L, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Angus, Colin, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari, Iman, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Antony, Catherine M, Anvari, Davood, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Aremu, 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Maria, Borzouei, Shiva, Brady, Oliver J, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brauer, Michael, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Bumgarner, Blair R, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Butt, Zahid A, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cai, Tianji, Callender, Charlton SKH, Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Felix, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cederroth, Christopher R, Cerin, Ester, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chin, Ken Lee, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Comfort, Haley, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cowden, Richard G, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Croneberger, Andrew J, Cunningham, Matthew, Dahlawi, Saad M A, Damiani, Giovanni, D'Amico, Emanuele, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Das Gupta, Rajat, das Neves, José, Davletov, Kairat, De Leo, Diego, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolao, Desai, Rupak, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Dippenaar, Ilse N, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshi, Chirag P, Doshmangir, Leila, Doyle, Kerrie E, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duraes, Andre Rodrigue, Edvardsson, David, Effiong, Andem, El Sayed, Iman, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbarazi, Iffat, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz, Estep, Kara, Farahmand, Mohammad, Faraj, Anwar, Fareed, Mohammad, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Nazir, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferreira, Manuela L, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Flohr, Carsten, Foigt, Nataliya A, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Freitas, Marisa, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fuller, John E, Furtado, João M, Gad, Mohamed M, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gallus, Silvano, Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gething, Peter W, Ghamari, Farhad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gholamian, Asadollah, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan, Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goulart, Alessandra C, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Subodh Sharan, Haagsma, Juanita A, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamagharib Abdullah, Kanaan, Han, Chieh, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohanne, Hankey, Graeme J, Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hay, Simon I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Henny, Kiana, Henry, Nathaniel J, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hole, Michael K, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H Dean, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hoy, Damian G, Hu, Guoqing, Huda, Tanvir M, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikuta, Kevin S, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, Islam, Mdmohaimenul, Iso, Hiroyasu, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Jaafari, Jalil, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahagirdar, Deepa, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jalali, Amir, Jalilian, Farzad, James, Spencer L, Janjani, Hosna, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S, Jonas, Jost B, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kalani, Hamed, Kalankesh, Leila R, Kamiab, Zahra, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapoor, Neeti, Karch, André, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Karimi, Seyed Asaad, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Kayode, Gbenga A, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Keller, Cathleen, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalid, Nauman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Maseer, Khang, Young-Ho, Khater, Amir M, Khater, Mona M, Khazaei, Salman, Khazaie, Habibolah, Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kianipour, Neda, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kinfu, Yohanne, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kivimäki, Mika, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael A, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kumar, Vivek, Kusuma, Dian, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lansky, Sonia, Larson, Samantha Leigh, Larsson, Anders O, Lasrado, Savita, Lassi, Zohra S, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lee, Paul H, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Leever, Andrew T, Legrand, Kate E, Leonardi, Matilde, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Linn, Shai, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D, Lopukhov, Platon D, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lu, Alton, Lunevicius, Raimunda, Madadin, Mohammed, Maddison, Emilie R, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manafi, Navid, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I, Mathur, Manu Raj, May, Erin A, Mcalinden, Colm, Mcgrath, John J, Mckee, Martin, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehta, Kala M, Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda, Memiah, Peter T N, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Milne, George J, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Moazen, Babak, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, Mohamadi, Efat, Mohammad, Dara K, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mohseni Bandpei, Mohammad A, Mokari, Amin, Mokdad, Ali H, Momen, Natalie C, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mooney, Meghan D, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi-Joo, Mohammad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Moreno Velásquez, Ilai, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Dougla, Mosser, Jonathan F, Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nabavizadeh, Behnam, Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Nikbakhsh, Rajan, Nikpoor, Amin Reza, Nixon, Molly R, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nomura, Shuhei, Noubiap, Jean Jacque, Nouraei Motlagh, Soraya, Nowak, Christoph, Oţoiu, Adrian, Odell, Christopher M, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladnabi, Morteza, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Ong, Kanyin L, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Ortiz, Alberto, Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa O, P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakshir, Keyvan, Palladino, Raffaele, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Jame, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Jenil R, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Patton, George C, Paulson, Katherine R, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Pease, Spencer A, Peden, Amy E, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K, Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pigott, David M, Pilgrim, Thoma, Pilz, Tessa M, Piradov, Michael A, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Postma, Maarten J, Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Pourshams, Akram, Poznańska, Anna, Prada, Sergio I, Prakash, Sanjay, Preotescu, Liliana, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Raggi, Alberto, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Ram, Pradhum, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Sowmya J, Rasella, Davide, Rashedi, Vahid, Rastogi, Prateek, Rathi, Priya, Rawal, Lal, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Nima, Rezai, Mohammad sadegh, Rezapour, Aziz, Rickard, Jennifer, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostamian, Morteza, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Yahya, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S Mohammad, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salama, Joseph S, Salamati, Payman, Salem, Marwa R Rashad, Salimi, Yahya, Salomon, Joshua A, Salz, Inbal, Samad, Zainab, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sattin, Davide, Saylan, Mete, Schaeffer, Lauren E, Schiavolin, Silvia, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Sekerija, Mario, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Shabani, Mahsima, Shahabi, Saeed, Shahbaz, Mohammad, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Mohammadbagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharafi, Kiomar, Sharafi, Zeinab, Sharara, Fablina, Sharma, Rajesh, Shaw, David H, Sheikh, Aziz, Shin, Jae Il, Shiri, Rahman, Shrime, Mark G, Shuval, Kerem, Siabani, Soraya, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Simonetti, Biagio, Simpson, Kyle E, Singh, Jasvinder A, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Soheili, Amin, Sokhan, Anton, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A, Stubbs, Jacob L, Sudaryanto, Agu, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Taherkhani, Amir, Tang, Muming, Taveira, Nuno, Taylor, Heather Jean, Teagle, Whitney L, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Teklehaimanot, Berhane Fseha, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thomas, Nihal, Thrift, Amanda G, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Tohidinik, Hamid Reza, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Foti, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Bach Xuan, Travillian, Ravensara, Trias-Llimós, Sergi, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Upadhyay, Era, Vacante, Marco, Vakilian, Alireza, Valdez, Pascual R, Valli, Alessandro, Vardavas, Constantine, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogale, Vasseghian, Yasser, Veisani, Yousef, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vidale, Simone, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vujcic, Isidora S, Vukovic, Ana, Vukovic, Rade, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Walters, Magdalene K, Wang, Hongbo, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Watson, Stefanie, Wei, Jingkai, Weiss, Jordan, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wiangkham, Taweewat, Wiens, Kirsten E, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wondmieneh, Adam Belay, Wool, Eve E, Wu, Ai-Min, Wu, Junjie, Xu, Gelin, Yamada, Tomohide, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yearwood, Jamal A, Yeheyis, Tomas Y, Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yoosefi Lebni, Javad, York, Hunter W, Younis, Mustafa Z, Younker, Theodore Patrick, Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh, Yousuf, Abdilahi Yousuf, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, Zakzuk, Josefina, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zamanian, Maryam, Zandian, Hamed, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zheng, Peng, Zhou, Maigeng, Ziapour, Arash, Murray, Christopher J L, Collaborators, GBD 2019 Demographics, GBD 2019 Demographics Collaborator, Violante FS, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Department of Earth Systems Analysis, Biomechanical Engineering, TechMed Centre, Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Research Methodology, Measurement and Data Analysis, Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, Inorganic Materials Science, MESA+ Institute, Biomedical and Environmental Sensorsystems, Mesoscale Chemical Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Nonlinear Solid Mechanics, Digital Society Institute, Pervasive Systems, Nanobiophysics, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Multi Scale Mechanics, Engineering Fluid Dynamics, Physics of Complex Fluids, Developmental BioEngineering, Physics of Fluids, Elastomer Technology and Engineering, Medical Cell Biophysics, European Membrane Institute, Department of Earth Observation Science, Biomaterials Science and Technology, Sustainable Process Technology, Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-Information Management, Department of Natural Resources, XUV Optics, Databases (Former), Department of Water Resources, Psychology, Health & Technology, Membrane Science & Technology, Department of Public Health, Clinicum, HUS Neurocenter, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Environmental Sciences

Subjects
Male, very elderly, Demographic transition, HALE, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, preschool child, Global Burden of Disease, Carga Global de Enfermedades, 0302 clinical medicine, newborn, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, and Risk Factors Study, 80 and over, 030212 general & internal medicine, Birth Rate, Child, Migration, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Injuries, Geography, Mortality rate, 1. No poverty, DEATH, Censuses, General Medicine, SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities, Middle Aged, Demographic analysis, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, demographic analysis, Estilo de Vida Saludable, risk factor, Child, Preschool, Demography/statistics & numerical data, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, Risk Factors, Fertility, Mortality, Migration, Population, epidemiology, Female, A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified, CHILD-MORTALITY, Live Birth, Global Health Metrics, TRANSITION, demographics, GBD, fertility, mortality, hale, Adult, Adolescent, Total fertility rate, Population, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, Birth rate, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Life Expectancy, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Demografía, Humans, Global Burden of Disease Study, human, Mortality, education, Preschool, Aged, Demography, Spatial Analysis, questionnaire, Infant, Newborn, Klinisk medicin, HIV, Infant, Global Burden of Diseases, sex-specific fertility, Live Birth/epidemiology, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], MODEL, Fertilidad, Fertility, Demographic change, Life expectancy, NA, global disease burden, Clinical Medicine, population research
Abstract

Background Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10-14 and 50-54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings The global TFR decreased from 2.72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2.66-2.79) in 2000 to 2.31 (2.17-2.46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134.5 million (131.5-137.8) in 2000 to a peak of 139.6 million (133.0-146.9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135.3 million (127.2-144.1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2.1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27.1% (95% UI 26.4-27.8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67.2 years (95% UI 66.8-67.6) in 2000 to 73.5 years (72.8-74.3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50.7 million (49.5-51.9) in 2000 to 56.5 million (53.7-59.2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9.6 million (9.1-10.3) in 2000 to 5.0 million (4.3-6.0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25.7%, from 6.2 billion (6.0-6.3) in 2000 to 7.7 billion (7.5-8.0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58.6 years (56.1-60.8) in 2000 to 63.5 years (60.8-66.1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019. Interpretation Over the past 20 years, fertility rates have been dropping steadily and life expectancy has been increasing, with few exceptions. Much of this change follows historical patterns linking social and economic determinants, such as those captured by the GBD Socio-demographic Index, with demographic outcomes. More recently, several countries have experienced a combination of low fertility and stagnating improvement in mortality rates, pushing more populations into the late stages of the demographic transition. Tracking demographic change and the emergence of new patterns will be essential for global health monitoring. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2020

103. Imported malaria in children in Alicante, Spain (1996-2019)

Author

Pascua-Santamaria A, Torrus-Tendero D, Mira-Perceval G, Garcia-Galan P, and Ramos-Rincon J

Subjects
child, Spain, Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum
Abstract

Introduction: In recent years there has been an increase in imported malaria in children, in which it is a potentially serious and fatal disease. Objective: To describe the clinical-epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of a series of cases of imported childhood malaria. Material and methods: Observational and retrospective study of malaria cases in children under 15 years of age diagnosed at the General University Hospital of Alicante from 1994 to 2019. Results: 24 cases were registered. The number of cases went from 2 in the first five years to 11 in the last. Median age was 6 years (interquatile range: 3-8). 91.6% came from Sub-Saharan Africa. Children born in Spain to immigrant parents who travel to an endemic area to visit family and friends (visiting friends and relatives: VFR) represented 62.5% (n = 15) and only one patient (6.7%) has received antimalarial chemoprophylaxis. The most frequent clinical signs were fever (86.9%), hepatosplenomegaly (70.8%) and anemia (70.8%). Plasmodium falciparum was the most frequently identified species (83.3%, n = 20). The most used treatment was oral dihydroartemisin-piperaquine (41.6%, n = 10), with a favorable evolution in all cases. Conclusions: Imported infant malaria cases are increasing in recent years. These children have a nonspecific clinic. It is important that professionals are aware of this disease and have a high index of suspicion to initiate early treatment, as well as that adequate preventive measures are taken before the trip.

Published
2022

104. Trends in hospitalizations and deaths in HIV-infected patients in Spain over two decades

Author

Ramos-Rincon J, Menchi-Elanzi M, Pinargote-Celorio H, Mayoral A, Gonzalez-Alcaide G, de Mendoza C, Barreiro P, Gomez-Gallego F, Corral O, and Soriano V

Subjects
liver cancer, tuberculosis, cirrhosis, cancer, HIV, opportunistic infections
Abstract

Background: The prognosis of HIV infection dramatically improved after the introduction of triple antiretroviral therapy 25 years ago. Herein, we report the impact of further improvements in HIV management since then, looking at all hospitalizations in persons with HIV (PWH) in Spain. Methods: A retrospective study using the Spanish National Registry of Hospital Discharges. Information was retrieved since 1997-2018. Results: From 79 647 783 nationwide hospital admissions recorded during the study period, 532 668 (0.67%) included HIV as diagnosis. The mean age of PWH hospitalized increased from 33 to 51 years (P < 0.001). The rate of HIV hospitalizations significantly declined after 2008. Comparing hospitalizations during the first (1997-2007) and last (2008-2018) decades, the rate of non-AIDS illnesses increased, mostly due to liver disease (from 35.9 to 38.3%), cardiovascular diseases (from 12.4 to 28.2%), non-AIDS cancers (from 6.4 to 15.5%), and kidney insufficiency (from 5.4 to 13%). In-hospital deaths occurred in 5.5% of PWH, declining significantly over time. Although most deaths were the result from AIDS conditions (34.8%), the most frequent non-AIDS deaths were liver disease (47.1%), cardiovascular events (29.2%), non-AIDS cancers (24.2%), and kidney insufficiency (20.7%). Conclusion: Hospital admissions in PWH significantly declined after 2008, following improvements in HIV management and antiretroviral therapy. Non-AIDS cancers, cardiovascular events and liver disease represent a growing proportion of hospital admissions and deaths in PWH.

Published
2022

105. Corticosteroids for COVID-19 symptoms and quality of life at 1 year from admission

Author

Catalan I, Marti C, de la Sota D, Alvarez A, Gimeno M, Juana S, Rodriguez G, Bajo E, Gaya N, Blasco J, and Rincon J

Subjects
quality of life, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, long COVID, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, corticosteroids
Abstract

The long-term evolution of COVID-19 is unknown, making it necessary to study the persistence of symptoms over time and their impact on quality of life in people who have had the disease. We analyzed these aspects 1 year after admission for COVID-19 and explored the influence of treatment with systemic corticosteroids during the acute phase of the illness. This observational cohort study took place in a tertiary hospital in March and April 2021 and included people admitted due to infection with SARS-CoV-2 in March, April, or May 2020. We excluded patients who had died, were unreachable or had substantial cognitive impairment. A telephone survey was undertaken to assess the presence of symptoms related to COVID-19 and to administer the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire. Other variables collected were demographic and clinical data along with the treatment received and the evolution over time. We analyzed 76 patients, including 44 who did not receive corticosteroids and 32 who did. Most symptoms were less frequent in the group that received corticosteroids, with statistically significant differences for headache, dysphagia, chest pain, and depression. These patients also showed significantly better outcomes in the SF-36 domains for "bodily pain" and "mental health." Corticosteroids administered in the acute phase of COVID-19 could attenuate the presence of long-term symptoms and improve patients' quality of life.

Published
2022

106. Are the chilblain-like lesions observed during the COVID-19 pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2? Systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Sanchez-Garcia V, Hernandez-Quiles R, de-Miguel-Balsa E, Docampo-Simon A, Belinchon-Romero I, and Ramos-Rincon J

Abstract

The expansion of the COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by numerous reports of chilblain-like lesions (CLL) in different countries; however, the pathogenesis of these lesions is still unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 (diagnosed using PCR and/or serology) in patients with CLL. We undertook a literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus (to 15 March 2021), including studies that reported on the number of patients with CLL with positive PCR and/or serology for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or with a clinical suspicion of COVID-19. Regardless of data heterogeneity, a random-effects model was used to pool prevalence estimates. The meta-analysis included 63 original studies, involving 2919 cases of CLL. A subgroup of these patients underwent diagnostic tests for COVID-19 (PCR: n = 1154, 39.5%; serology: n = 943, 32.3%). The pooled prevalence of COVID-19 in the overall sample and in the subgroup who were tested for COVID-19 was, respectively: (i) positive PCR: 2.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9% to 3.4%] and 5.5% (95% CI, 3.7-7.7%); (ii) positive serology for SARS-CoV-2: 7.2% (95% CI, 4.7-10.2%) and 11.8% (95% CI, 7.9-16.3%); and (iii) positive PCR and/or serology, 15.2% (95% CI, 10.4-20.7%) and 7.5% (95% CI, 5.1-10.3%). Altogether, a small proportion of diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2, both PCR and serologies, show positive results in patients with CLL.

Published
2022

107. Frequency and characteristics of HTLV in migrants: results from the plus Redivi collaborative network in Spain

Author

Norman F, Salvador F, Gullon B, Diaz-Menendez M, Perez-Ayala A, Rodriguez-Guardado A, Garcia-Rodriguez M, Henriquez-Camacho C, Goikoetxea J, Bosch-Nicolau P, Calle F, Ramos-Rincon J, Aznar M, Penaranda M, Calabuig E, Suarez-Garcia I, Perez-Molina J, and Lopez-Velez R

Subjects
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus, immigrant, strongyloidiasis
Abstract

Introduction The objective of this study was to describe the main characteristics of migrants diagnosed with human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection within the +Redivi Spanish network. Methods Patients with a diagnosis of HTLV type 1 or 2 in +Redivi from October 2009 to December 2020 were included. Diagnosis was based on positive HTLV serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)/chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA)) with line immunoassay (LIA)/Western blot with/without polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results A total of 107/17 007 cases (0.6%) had a final diagnosis of HTLV infection: 83 (77.67%) HTLV-1 infections, 6 (5.6%) HTLV-2 infections and 18 (16.8%) non-specified. The majority (76, 71%) were female, median age was 42 years and median time from arrival to Spain until consultation was 10 years. The group included 100 (93.5%) immigrants and 7 (6.6%) visiting friends and relatives (VFR)-immigrants. Most patients were from South America (71, 66.4%), followed by Sub-Saharan Africa (15, 14%) and Central America-Caribbean (13, 12.1%). Around 90% of patients were asymptomatic at presentation and diagnosed as part of screening programs. Median duration of follow-up was 5 years (IQR 2-7). Regarding HTLV-associated conditions, 90 patients (84.2%) had none, 7 (6.5%) had tropical spastic paraparesis , 5 (4.7%) had other associated conditions (dermatitis, uveitis, pulmonary disease), 3 (2.8%) had other neurological symptoms and 2 (1.9%) had adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. No patients with HTLV-2 had HTLV-associated conditions. Four patients (3.7%) died. Concomitant diagnoses were found in 41 (38.3%) patients, including strongyloidiasis in 15 (14%) and HIV co-infection in 4 (3.7%). In 70% of patients, screening of potential contacts was not performed/recorded. Conclusions HTLV infections (the majority due to HTLV-1) were mainly diagnosed in asymptomatic migrants from Latin America (generally long-settled immigrants and the majority female with the consequent implications for screening/prevention). A high rate of association with strongyloidiasis was found. In the majority, screening of potential contacts was not performed, representing a missed opportunity for decreasing the under diagnosis of this infection.

Published
2022

109. Thermal hysteresis measurement of the VO2 dielectric function for its metal-insulator transition by visible-IR ellipsometry.

Author

Ramirez-Rincon, J. A., Gomez-Heredia, C. L., Corvisier, A., Ordonez-Miranda, J., Girardeau, T., Paumier, F., Champeaux, C., Dumas-Bouchiat, F., Ezzahri, Y., Joulain, K., Ares, O., and Alvarado-Gil, J. J.

Subjects
*DIELECTRIC function, *PULSED laser deposition, *ELLIPSOMETRY, *HYSTERESIS loop, *PHASE transitions
Abstract

The real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function of VO2 thin films, deposited on r-plane sapphire via pulsed laser deposition, are measured by means of visible-infrared ellipsometry for wavelengths ranging from 0.4 to 15 μm and temperatures within its phase transition. For both the insulator-to-metal (heating) and metal-to-insulator (cooling) transitions, it is shown that the two ellipsometric signals exhibit three temperature-driven behaviors, which are well described by appropriate combinations of the Tauc-Lorentz, Gaussian, and Drude oscillator models. By fitting Bruggeman's effective medium model for the dielectric function to the corresponding measured experimental values, using the volumetric fraction of the VO2 metallic domains as a fitting parameter for different temperatures within the VO2 phase transition, we have found that this model is suitable for describing the dielectric function in visible and near-infrared wavelengths (∼0.4 to ∼3.0 μm), but it generally fails for longer infrared ones. Furthermore, the hysteresis loop of the VO2 emissivity averaged over a relevant interval of wavelengths is determined and shown to vary from ∼0.49, in the insulator phase, to ∼0.16, in the metallic one. These values, based on the VO2 dielectric function, are consistent with previous measurements reported in the literature, and therefore, our measured data are expected to be useful for describing the behavior of VO2 films involved in optical and radiative applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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124. A GENE SIGNATURE TO PREDICT RISK OF TRANSFORMATION IN PATIENTS WITH FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA

Author

Fernandez‐Miranda, I., primary, Dominguez, M., additional, Pedrosa, L., additional, Gomez, S., additional, Gonzalez‐Rincon, J., additional, Espinet, B., additional, Climent, F., additional, Cruz, F. de la, additional, Martin‐Acosta, P., additional, Colomo, L., additional, Salar, A., additional, Garcia‐Cosio, M., additional, Garcia‐Arroyo, F. R., additional, Llanos, M., additional, Yanguas, N., additional, Sequero, S., additional, Mercadal, S., additional, Navarro, B., additional, Piris, M. A., additional, Mollejo, M., additional, Provencio, M., additional, and Sanchez‐Beato, M., additional

Published
2021
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126. Palliative Sedation in COVID-19 End-of-Life Care. Retrospective Cohort Study

Author

Ramos-Rincon J, Moreno-Perez O, Gomez-Martinez N, Priego-Valladares M, Climent-Grana E, Marti-Pastor A, Portilla-Sogorb J, Sanchez-Martinez R, and Merino E

Subjects
symptom assessment, palliative care, death, COVID-19, palliative medicine
Abstract

Background and Objectives: Descriptions of end-of-life in COVID-19 are limited to small cross-sectional studies. We aimed to assess end-of-life care in inpatients with COVID-19 at Alicante General University Hospital (ALC) and compare differences according to palliative and non-palliative sedation. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study in inpatients included in the ALC COVID-19 Registry (PCR-RT or antigen-confirmed cases) who died during conventional admission from 1 March to 15 December 2020. We evaluated differences among deceased cases according to administration of palliative sedation. Results: Of 747 patients evaluated, 101 died (13.5%). Sixty-eight (67.3%) died in acute medical wards, and 30 (44.1%) received palliative sedation. The median age of patients with palliative sedation was 85 years; 44% were women, and 30% of cases were nosocomial. Patients with nosocomial acquisition received more palliative sedation than those infected in the community (81.8% [9/11] vs 36.8% [21/57], p = 0.006), and patients admitted with an altered mental state received it less (20% [6/23] vs. 53.3% [24/45], p = 0.032). The median time from admission to starting palliative sedation was 8.5 days (interquartile range [IQR] 3.0-14.5). The main symptoms leading to palliative sedation were dyspnea at rest (90%), pain (60%), and delirium/agitation (36.7%). The median time from palliative sedation to death was 21.8 h (IQR 10.4-41.1). Morphine was used in all palliative sedation perfusions: the main regimen was morphine + hyoscine butyl bromide + midazolam (43.3%). Conclusions: End-of-life palliative sedation in patients with COVID-19 was initiated quite late. Clinicians should anticipate the need for palliative sedation in these patients and recognize the breathlessness, pain, and agitation/delirium that foreshadow death.

Published
2021

127. Mortality and Prognostic Factors in Patients over 90 Years of Age Admitted in Internal Medicine: A Spanish Prospective Cohort Study

Author

Ramos-Rincon J, Albert-Ribera M, Priego-Valladares M, Gonzalez-de-la-Aleja P, Garcia-Navarro M, and Sanchez-Martinez R

Subjects
nonagenarians, dependence, comprehensive geriatric assessment, mortality
Abstract

Background: The prevalence of multimorbidity and the number of chronic pathologies increases with age, and hospitalization rates are higher in very elderly patients. Aims: To identify predictors of mortality in patients aged 90 years or more at 6 and 12 months after admission to the internal medicine ward. Materials and methods: Prospective cohort study in patients aged 90 years or older who were admitted to the internal medicine ward of Alicante General University Hospital from November 2018 to March 2019. We collected data for patient scores on the Barthel, Lawton-Brody, and Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire; a nutritional questionnaire; the Charlson index; PALIAR and PROFUND prognostic indexes; and mortality at 6 and 12 months. Results: In the bivariate analysis adjusted for gender and comorbidity, malnutrition was associated with mortality at 6 and 12 months (odds ratio (OR) 5.17, 95% confidence interval (C11 1.30, 20.50; OR 7.78, 95% CI 1.47, 40.9, respectively), as were moderate-severe cognitive impairment (6 months: OR 12.0, 95% CI 2.79, 52.0; 12 months: OR 10.73, 95% CI 2.40, 47.8) and high-risk scores on the PALIAR (6 months: OR 9.18, 95% CI 1.99, 42.27;12 months: OR 11.7, 95% CI 2.62, 51.60) and PROFUND (6 months: OR 10.7, 95% CI 1.68, 68.80; 12 months: OR 20.9, 95% CI 3.15, 139.0) prognostic indexes. The Barthel index was associated with mortality only at 6 months (OR 6.16; 95% CI 1.69, 22.4). Conclusions: In nonagenarian inpatients, a worse score on the comprehensive assessment and a higher score on prognostic indexes were associated with increased risk of mortality at 6 and 12 months. Copyright (C) 2021, Taiwan Society of Geriatric Emergency & Critical Care Medicine.

Published
2021

128. Hepatitis delta in patients hospitalized in Spain (1997-2018)

Author

Ramos-Rincon J, Pinargote H, Ramos-Belinchon C, de Mendoza C, Aguilera A, and Soriano V

Subjects
liver cancer, injection drug use, cirrhosis, hepatitis delta, HIV, hospitalization
Abstract

Background: Hepatitis delta is the most aggressive form of chronic viral hepatitis. We examined the clinical burden, epidemiological features and time trends for hepatitis delta patients hospitalized in Spain during the last two decades. Methods: Retrospective, observational study using the Spanish National Registry of Hospital Discharges. Information was retrieved since 1997 to 2018. Results: From a total of 79 647 783 nationwide hospital admissions recorded during the study period, 5179 included hepatitis delta as diagnosis. The overall hospitalization rate because of hepatitis delta was 6.5/10(5), without significant yearly changes. In-hospital death occurred in 335 (6.6%) patients. Acute hepatitis and cirrhosis were recorded in 46.5 and 33.5% of hepatitis delta hospitalizations, respectively. Acute hepatitis delta predominated until 2007 (55.9%) whereas cirrhosis increased since then (39.4%). Hepatic decompensation events and liver cancer accounted on average for 16 and 8% of hospitalizations, increasing significantly over time. Coinfection with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were recognized in 24 and 31.2% of hepatitis delta patients, respectively. All hepatitis C, HIV and injection drug use declined significantly since 2008. Conclusion: The rate of hepatitis delta in patients hospitalized in Spain is low and has remained stable over two decades. However, hepatitis delta-related decompensation events and liver cancer are on the rise. The association of hepatitis delta with injection drug use, HIV and HCV has declined among recently hospitalized hepatitis delta patients.

Published
2021

129. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with bacterial translocation and a higher inflammation response in psoriatic patients

Author

Belinchon-Romero I, Bellot P, Romero-Perez D, Herraiz-Romero I, Marco F, Frances R, and Ramos-Rincon J

Abstract

Psoriasis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are both inflammatory diseases. The study objective was to estimate the risk of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and liver fibrosis (by liver stiffness and liver biopsy) in patients with psoriasis and to determine the epidemiological, clinical, immunological (TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23, and TGF-beta) characteristics, and bacterial translocation. Of the 215 psoriatic patients included, 91 presented NAFLD (prevalence: 42.3%). Compared to patients with psoriasis alone, those with NAFLD were significantly more likely to have metabolic syndrome, diabetes, dyslipidemia, body mass index >= 30 kg/m(2), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance >= 2.15, and greater psoriasis area severity index. NAFLD patients also had significantly higher levels of TNF-alpha (p=0.002) and TGF-beta (p=0.007) and a higher prevalence of bacterial translocation (29.7% vs. 13.7%; p=0.004). Liver stiffness measurement was over 7.8 kPa in 17.2% (15/87) of NAFLD patients; 13 of these underwent liver biopsy, and 5.7% (5/87) had liver fibrosis, while 1.1% (1/87) had advanced fibrosis or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In conclusion the prevalence of NAFLD in patients with psoriasis is high and associated with a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome features, bacterial translocation and a higher pro-inflammatory state. It is worth mentioning that liver fibrosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are not frequent in this population of patients.

Published
2021

130. Screening for Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) in Pregnant Women in the Peruvian Amazon and Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of HTLV Infection in Peru

Author

Ramos-Rincon J, Ortiz-Martinez S, Vasquez-Chasnamote M, de-Miguel-Balsa E, Gamboa-Paredes O, Talledo-Albujar M, Lopez-Campana G, Celis-Salinas J, Prieto-Perez L, Gorgolas-Hernandez M, and Casapia-Morales M

Subjects
systematic review, prevalence, Peru, HTLV, Amazon, pregnant women
Abstract

Background. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is responsible for tropical spastic paraparesis and HTLV-1-associated leukemia/lymphoma. The infection is endemic in some areas of Peru, but its prevalence in the Peruvian Amazon is not well established. We aimed to assess the seroprevalence of HTLV-1 infection in pregnant women in the Peruvian Amazon. Moreover, we performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the seroprevalence of HTLV infection in Peru. (2) Methods. This is a prospective cross-sectional study involving pregnant women attending health centers in the city of Iquitos, Peru, in May and June 2019. The presence of antibodies against HTLV-1 was assessed using ELISA (HTLV I + II ELISA recombinant v.4.0, Wiener lab, Rosario, Argentina). Positive cases were confirmed by Western Blot and HTLV-1 proviral load. (3) Results. The study included 300 pregnant women with a mean age of 26 years (standard deviation [SD] 6.4). Five patients were diagnosed with HTLV-1 infection (prevalence 1.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7% to 3.8%). Pregnant women with HTLV-1 infection were discretely younger (mean age 22.6 [SD 22.6] vs. 26.8 [SD 6.3]; p = 0.128). None of the five women had been transfused, and all were asymptomatic. Two (40%) also had a positive serology for Strongyloides, but larvae were not detected in any of the parasitological stool studies. The systematic review component identified 40 studies, which showed that the prevalence of HTLV infection in the general population was 2.9% (95% CI 1.2% to 5.3%) and in women of childbearing age, 2.5% (95% CI 1.2% to 4.0%). (4) Conclusion. The prevalence of HTLV-1 in the Peruvian Amazon basin is about 1.7%, indicating an endemic presence. Screening for HTLV-1 in prenatal care is warranted.

Published
2021

131. Can we still consider treatment with colchicine effective in SARS-COV-2 infection? Systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis

Author

de-Miguel-Balsa E, Estevan-Ortega R, Sempere-Selva M, Latour-Perez J, Baeza-Roman A, Moya-Martinez A, and Ramos-Rincon J

Subjects
Meta-analysis, Trial sequential analysis, Systematic review, Futility, COVID-19, Mortality, Colchicine
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of colchicine, compared with standard of care, for reducing mortality, admission to intensive care, and use of mechanical ventilation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a systematic review, meta-analysis, and sequential trial analysis. The terms (SARS-CoV-2 OR COVID-19 OR coronavirus) AND (colchicine) were searched in MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and preprint repositories (February 2020 to April 2021, extended to June 2021). Risk of bias for randomised controlled trials and observational studies were assessed using the tools RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I, respectively. We performed subgroup analyses based on study design and sensitivity analyses based on time of colchicine administration. RESULTS: We included six observational studies (1329 patients) and five clinical trials (16,048 patients). All studies but one were conducted in the hospital setting. Colchicine treatment was not associated with a significant decrease in mortality (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87 to 1; p=0.06, I-2=72%) with a significant subgroup effect (p

Published
2021

132. Scientific HIV research in Africa and the Middle East: a socio-economic demographic analysis

Author

Menchi-Elanzi M, Pinargote-Celorio H, Nacarapa E, Gonzalez-Alcaide G, and Ramos-Rincon J

Subjects
South Africa, parasitic diseases, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, epidemiology, bibliometrics, IDS
Abstract

Background: In Africa, HIV/AIDS research is concentrated in certain countries, particularly South Africa. This distribution may not accurately reflect the disease prevalence or the true research efforts of countries. Objectives: To identify HIV/AIDS research productivity of countries in Africa and the Middle East, in absolute terms and adjusted for people living with HIV, population size and economic development. Methods: We identified all the articles and reviews on HIV and AIDS in the Web of Science Core Collection in which African or Middle Eastern countries had participated. After determining the number of documents produced by each country, we adjusted the findings for the number of people living with HIV, number of inhabitants, gross domestic product and gross national income per capita. Results: African and Middle Eastern countries participated in 21.52% (n = 14 808) of all 68 808 documents analysed. East and Southern Africa produced 17.8% of all documents (n = 12 249), West and Central Africa accounted for only 3.34% (n = 2300), and the Middle East and North Africa, 1.18% (n = 814). South Africa produced 40.94% (n = 6 063) of all publications. Only two other African countries - Uganda (12.97%; n = 1 921) and Kenya (10.71%; n = 1 586) - produced more than 10% of these publications. The indices used for adjusting research productivity revealed the effort and contribution of other countries. Conclusion: Our study confirmed the leading role of South Africa in driving HIV/AIDS research, but also highlighted the contribution of countries such as Uganda, Malawi, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Mozambique.

Published
2021

133. Prevalence of strongyloidiasis in Peru: systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Ortiz-Martinez S, Ramos-Rincon J, Vasquez-Chasnamote M, Gamboa-Paredes O, Arista-Flores K, Espinoza-Venegas L, de-Miguel-Balsa E, Pinedo-Cancino V, Gorgolas-Hernandez-Mora M, and Casapia-Morales M

Subjects
Serology, Peru, Prevalence, Seroprevalence, Strongyloides stercoralis
Abstract

BackgroundStrongyloidiasis is a disease of great public health significance, caused by the parasitic nematodes Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongyloides fuelleborni, and Strongyloides fuelleborni subsp. kellyi. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Peru.MethodsThe review was based on a literature search in PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar using the key words or root words "strongyl*" AND "Peru" on 15 July 2020. Eligible studies were published from 1 January 1981 to 15 July 2020 and written in English, Spanish, Italian, or French.ResultsWe included 21 papers in the analysis. Studies were heterogeneous in terms of study population and diagnostic methods (e.g. Baermann technique, agar, Dancescu or charcoal cultures, serology, string capsule). Prevalence of S. stercoralis ranged from 0.3 to 45%. The pooled proportion of Strongyloides in the general population was 7.34% (95% CI 4.97 to 10.13%). Half the studies were designed to detect parasites in general. In studies designed to detect S. stercoralis, the most widely used diagnostic method was the Baermann technique.ConclusionPrevalence of S. stercoralis in Peru was high but varied by geographic area, techniques for stool examination, and participant characteristics.

Published
2021

134. Lung Ultrasound Integration in Assessment of Patients with Noncritical COVID-19

Author

Gil-Rodrigo A, Llorens P, Luque-Hernandez M, Martinez-Buendia C, and Ramos-Rincon J

Subjects
point-of-care, COVID-19, pneumonia, ultrasonography, emergency departments, lung
Abstract

Objectives-Performing lung ultrasound during the clinical assessment of patients with suspicion of noncritical COVID-19 may increase the diagnostic rate of pulmonary involvement over other diagnostic techniques used in routine clinical practice. This study aims to compare complications (readmissions, emergency department [ED] visits, and length of outpatient follow-up) in the first 30 days after ED discharge in patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were managed with versus without lung ultrasound. Materials and Methods-Prospective, observational, analytical study in noncritical patients with confirmed respiratory disease due to SARS-CoV-2, assessed in the ED of a tertiary Spanish hospital in March and April 2020. We compared 2 cohorts, differentiated by the use of lung ultrasound as a diagnostic tool. Complications were assessed (hospital admissions, ED revisits and days of outpatient follow-up) at 30 days postdischarge. Results-Of the 88 included patients, 31% (n = 27) underwent an initial lung ultrasound, while 61 (68%) did not. In 82.5% of the patients evaluated with ultrasound, the most predominant areas affected were the posterobasal regions, in the form of focalized and confluent B-lines; 70.4% showed pleural irregularity in these same areas. Use of the lung ultrasound was associated with a greater probability of hospital admission (odds ratio 5.63, 95% confidence interval 3.31 to 9.57; p < 0.001). However, it was not significantly associated with mortality or short-term complications. Conclusions-Lung ultrasound could identify noncritical patients with lung impairment due to SARS-CoV-2, in whom other tests used routinely show no abnormalities. However, it has not shown a prognostic value in these patients and could generate a higher percentage of hospital admissions. More studies are still needed to demonstrate the clear benefit of this use.

Published
2021

135. Prevalence of Chikungunya, Dengue and Zika viruses in blood donors: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Author

Gimenez-Richarte A, de Salazar M, Arbona C, Gimenez-Richarte M, Collado M, Fernandez P, Quiles F, Clavijo C, Marco P, and Ramos-Rincon J

Subjects
blood safety, virus diseases, blood transfusion, Chikungunya virus, Dengue virus, Zika virus
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion centres should understand the epidemiology of emerging diseases that are transmissible through the transfusion of blood components. The risk of transmission of arboviruses through this route has become apparent in recent years. The aim of our study is to summarise the reported prevalence (viraemic rate, seroprevalence and/or antigen detection) of Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses in blood donors according to screening test used and world region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis having searched for information in the main bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus). The prevalence for each of the viruses was calculated according to the screening test used and geographic location. RESULTS: We included 18 records on CHIKV, 71 on DENV, and 27 on ZIKV. The highest prevalences of RNA for CHIKV were 1.9% in Puerto Rico (2014), 1.0% in Thailand (2009), and 1.0% in French Polynesia (2014-15). The highest prevalences of RNA for DENV were 5.5% in Saudi Arabia (2015-16), 2.3% in Madeira, Portugal (2012-13), and 0.6% in Brazil (2012). The highest prevalences of RNA for ZIKV were 2.8% in French Polynesia (2013-14), 2.7% in Brazil (2015-16), and 1.8% in Martinique (2016). Overall seroprevalence, as assessed by IgG antibodies, was 21.6% for CHIKV, 24.0% for DENV, and 5.1% for ZIKV. DISCUSSION: Our study shows a high proportion of donors who are viraemic and asymptomatic, especially during outbreaks, with prevalences surpassing 5% for DENV, 1% for CHIKV, and 2% for ZIKV. These data confirm a clear threat to blood transfusion safety. The elevated seroprevalence for these three arboviruses is also indicative of their wide circulation in populations, correlating with an increased risk of infected but asymptomatic donors. Health centres and institutions must address this threat, especially in tropical regions where the biggest outbreaks occur.

Published
2021

136. Latitude dictates plant diversity effects on instream decomposition

Author

Boyero, L. (Luz), Perez, J. (Javier), Lopez-Rojo, N. (Naiara), Tonin, A. M. (Alan M.), Correa-Araneda, F. (Francisco), Pearson, R. G. (Richard G.), Bosch, J. (Jaime), Albarino, R. J. (Ricardo J.), Anbalagan, S. (Sankarappan), Barmuta, L. A. (Leon A.), Beesley, L. (Leah), Burdon, F. J. (Francis J.), Caliman, A. (Adriano), Callisto, M. (Marcos), Campbell, I. C. (Ian C.), Cardinale, B. J. (Bradley J.), Jesus Casas, J. (J.), Chara-Serna, A. M. (Ana M.), Ciapala, S. (Szymon), Chauvet, E. (Eric), Colon-Gaud, C. (Checo), Cornejo, A. (Aydee), Davis, A. M. (Aaron M.), Degebrodt, M. (Monika), Dias, E. S. (Emerson S.), Diaz, M. E. (Maria E.), Douglas, M. M. (Michael M.), Elosegi, A. (Arturo), Encalada, A. C. (Andrea C.), de Eyto, E. (Elvira), Figueroa, R. (Ricardo), Flecker, A. S. (Alexander S.), Fleituch, T. (Tadeusz), Frainer, A. (Andre), Franca, J. S. (Juliana S.), Garcia, E. A. (Erica A.), Garcia, G. (Gabriela), Garcia, P. (Pavel), Gessner, M. O. (Mark O.), Giller, P. S. (Paul S.), Gomez, J. E. (Jesus E.), Gomez, S. (Sergio), Goncalves, J. F. (Jose F., Jr.), Graca, M. A. (Manuel A. S.), Hall, R. O. (Robert O., Jr.), Hamada, N. (Neusa), Hepp, L. U. (Luiz U.), Hui, C. (Cang), Imazawa, D. (Daichi), Iwata, T. (Tomoya), Edson, S. A. (S. A. Junior), Kariuki, S. (Samuel), Landeira-Dabarca, A. (Andrea), Leal, M. (Maria), Lehosmaa, K. (Kaisa), M'Erimba, C. (Charles), Marchant, R. (Richard), Martins, R. T. (Renato T.), Masese, F. O. (Frank O.), Camden, M. (Megan), McKie, B. G. (Brendan G.), Medeiros, A. O. (Adriana O.), Middleton, J. A. (Jen A.), Muotka, T. (Timo), Negishi, J. N. (Junjiro N.), Pozo, J. (Jesus), Ramirez, A. (Alonso), Rezende, R. S. (Renan S.), Richardson, J. S. (John S.), Rincon, J. (Jose), Rubio-Rios, J. (Juan), Serrano, C. (Claudia), Shaffer, A. R. (Angela R.), Sheldon, F. (Fran), Swan, C. M. (Christopher M.), Tenkiano, N. S. (Nathalie S. D.), Tiegs, S. D. (Scott D.), Tolod, J. R. (Janine R.), Vernasky, M. (Michael), Watson, A. (Anne), Yegon, M. J. (Mourine J.), Yule, C. M. (Catherine M.), Boyero, L. (Luz), Perez, J. (Javier), Lopez-Rojo, N. (Naiara), Tonin, A. M. (Alan M.), Correa-Araneda, F. (Francisco), Pearson, R. G. (Richard G.), Bosch, J. (Jaime), Albarino, R. J. (Ricardo J.), Anbalagan, S. (Sankarappan), Barmuta, L. A. (Leon A.), Beesley, L. (Leah), Burdon, F. J. (Francis J.), Caliman, A. (Adriano), Callisto, M. (Marcos), Campbell, I. C. (Ian C.), Cardinale, B. J. (Bradley J.), Jesus Casas, J. (J.), Chara-Serna, A. M. (Ana M.), Ciapala, S. (Szymon), Chauvet, E. (Eric), Colon-Gaud, C. (Checo), Cornejo, A. (Aydee), Davis, A. M. (Aaron M.), Degebrodt, M. (Monika), Dias, E. S. (Emerson S.), Diaz, M. E. (Maria E.), Douglas, M. M. (Michael M.), Elosegi, A. (Arturo), Encalada, A. C. (Andrea C.), de Eyto, E. (Elvira), Figueroa, R. (Ricardo), Flecker, A. S. (Alexander S.), Fleituch, T. (Tadeusz), Frainer, A. (Andre), Franca, J. S. (Juliana S.), Garcia, E. A. (Erica A.), Garcia, G. (Gabriela), Garcia, P. (Pavel), Gessner, M. O. (Mark O.), Giller, P. S. (Paul S.), Gomez, J. E. (Jesus E.), Gomez, S. (Sergio), Goncalves, J. F. (Jose F., Jr.), Graca, M. A. (Manuel A. S.), Hall, R. O. (Robert O., Jr.), Hamada, N. (Neusa), Hepp, L. U. (Luiz U.), Hui, C. (Cang), Imazawa, D. (Daichi), Iwata, T. (Tomoya), Edson, S. A. (S. A. Junior), Kariuki, S. (Samuel), Landeira-Dabarca, A. (Andrea), Leal, M. (Maria), Lehosmaa, K. (Kaisa), M'Erimba, C. (Charles), Marchant, R. (Richard), Martins, R. T. (Renato T.), Masese, F. O. (Frank O.), Camden, M. (Megan), McKie, B. G. (Brendan G.), Medeiros, A. O. (Adriana O.), Middleton, J. A. (Jen A.), Muotka, T. (Timo), Negishi, J. N. (Junjiro N.), Pozo, J. (Jesus), Ramirez, A. (Alonso), Rezende, R. S. (Renan S.), Richardson, J. S. (John S.), Rincon, J. (Jose), Rubio-Rios, J. (Juan), Serrano, C. (Claudia), Shaffer, A. R. (Angela R.), Sheldon, F. (Fran), Swan, C. M. (Christopher M.), Tenkiano, N. S. (Nathalie S. D.), Tiegs, S. D. (Scott D.), Tolod, J. R. (Janine R.), Vernasky, M. (Michael), Watson, A. (Anne), Yegon, M. J. (Mourine J.), and Yule, C. M. (Catherine M.)

Abstract

Running waters contribute substantially to global carbon fluxes through decomposition of terrestrial plant litter by aquatic microorganisms and detritivores. Diversity of this litter may influence instream decomposition globally in ways that are not yet understood. We investigated latitudinal differences in decomposition of litter mixtures of low and high functional diversity in 40 streams on 6 continents and spanning 113° of latitude. Despite important variability in our dataset, we found latitudinal differences in the effect of litter functional diversity on decomposition, which we explained as evolutionary adaptations of litter-consuming detritivores to resource availability. Specifically, a balanced diet effect appears to operate at lower latitudes versus a resource concentration effect at higher latitudes. The latitudinal pattern indicates that loss of plant functional diversity will have different consequences on carbon fluxes across the globe, with greater repercussions likely at low latitudes.

Published
2021

140. Erratum: Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2018) 392(10159) (1736–1788)(S0140673618322037)(10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7))

Author

Roth G. A., Roth, G, Abate, D, Abate, K, Abay, S, Abbafati, C, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, R, Abebe, H, Abebe, M, Abebe, Z, Abejie, A, Abera, S, Abil, O, Abraha, H, Abrham, A, Abu-Raddad, L, Accrombessi, M, Acharya, D, Adamu, A, Adebayo, O, Adedoyin, R, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Adhena, B, Adib, M, Admasie, A, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agesa, K, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, S, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aichour, M, Akbari, M, Akinyemi, R, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Raddadi, R, Alahdab, F, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alebel, A, Alene, K, Alijanzadeh, M, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, S, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Alonso, J, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Aminde, L, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amoako, Y, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Animut, M, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, H, Ansha, M, Antonio, C, Anwari, P, Aremu, O, Arnlov, J, Arora, A, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, K, Asayesh, H, Asfaw, E, Ataro, Z, Atique, S, Atre, S, Ausloos, M, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayele, Y, Ayer, R, Azzopardi, P, Babazadeh, A, Bacha, U, Badali, H, Badawi, A, Bali, A, Ballesteros, K, Banach, M, Banerjee, K, Bannick, M, Banoub, J, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Barnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barrero, L, Bassat, Q, Basu, S, Baune, B, Baynes, H, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Behzadifar, M, Bejot, Y, Bekele, B, Belachew, A, Belay, E, Belay, Y, Bell, M, Bello, A, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berman, A, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, R, Bertolacci, G, Beuran, M, Beyranvand, T, Bhalla, A, Bhattarai, S, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, Z, Biadgo, B, Biehl, M, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Bilano, V, Bililign, N, Bin Sayeed, M, Bisanzio, D, Biswas, T, Blacker, B, Basara, B, Borschmann, R, Bosetti, C, Bozorgmehr, K, Brady, O, Brant, L, Brayne, C, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, N, Brenner, H, Briant, P, Britton, G, Brugha, T, Busse, R, Butt, Z, Callender, C, Campos-Nonato, I, Campuzano Rincon, J, Cano, J, Car, M, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carter, A, Carvalho, F, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Castillo Rivas, J, Castle, C, Castro, C, Castro, F, Catala-Lopez, F, Cerin, E, Chaiah, Y, Chang, J, Charlson, F, Chaturvedi, P, Chiang, P, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chisumpa, V, Chitheer, A, Chowdhury, R, Christensen, H, Christopher, D, Chung, S, Cicuttini, F, Ciobanu, L, Cirillo, M, Cohen, A, Cooper, L, Cortesi, P, Cortinovis, M, Cousin, E, Cowie, B, Criqui, M, Cromwell, E, Crowe, C, Crump, J, Cunningham, M, Daba, A, Dadi, A, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dang, A, Dargan, P, Daryani, A, Das, S, Gupta, R, Neves, J, Dasa, T, Dash, A, Davis, A, Davis Weaver, N, Davitoiu, D, Davletov, K, De La Hoz, F, De Neve, J, Degefa, M, Degenhardt, L, Degfie, T, Deiparine, S, Demoz, G, Demtsu, B, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Deribe, K, Dervenis, N, Des Jarlais, D, Dessie, G, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dicker, D, Dinberu, M, Ding, E, Dirac, M, Djalalinia, S, Dokova, K, Doku, D, Donnelly, C, Dorsey, E, Doshi, P, Douwes-Schultz, D, Doyle, K, Driscoll, T, Dubey, M, Dubljanin, E, Duken, E, Duncan, B, Duraes, A, Ebrahimi, H, Ebrahimpour, S, Edessa, D, Edvardsson, D, Eggen, A, El Bcheraoui, C, El Sayed Zaki, M, El-Khatib, Z, Elkout, H, Ellingsen, C, Endres, M, Endries, A, Er, B, Erskine, H, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeili, R, Esteghamati, A, Fakhar, M, Fakhim, H, Faramarzi, M, Fareed, M, Farhadi, F, Farinha, C, Faro, A, Farvid, M, Farzadfar, F, Farzaei, M, Feigin, V, Feigl, A, Fentahun, N, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Fernandes, J, Ferrari, A, Feyissa, G, Filip, I, Finegold, S, Fischer, F, Fitzmaurice, C, Foigt, N, Foreman, K, Fornari, C, Frank, T, Fukumoto, T, Fuller, J, Fullman, N, Furst, T, Furtado, J, Futran, N, Gallus, S, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Garcia-Gordillo, M, Gardner, W, Gebre, A, Gebrehiwot, T, Gebremedhin, A, Gebremichael, B, Gebremichael, T, Gelano, T, Geleijnse, J, Genova-Maleras, R, Geramo, Y, Gething, P, Gezae, K, Ghadami, M, Ghadimi, R, Ghasemi Falavarjani, K, Ghasemi-Kasman, M, Ghimire, M, Gibney, K, Gill, P, Gill, T, Gillum, R, Ginawi, I, Giroud, M, Giussani, G, Goenka, S, Goldberg, E, Goli, S, Gomez-Dantes, H, Gona, P, Gopalani, S, Gorman, T, Goto, A, Goulart, A, Gnedovskaya, E, Grada, A, Grosso, G, Gugnani, H, Guimaraes, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, P, Gupta, T, Gutierrez, R, Gyawali, B, Haagsma, J, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hagos, T, Hailegiyorgis, T, Hailu, G, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Handal, A, Hankey, G, Harb, H, Harikrishnan, S, Haro, J, Hasan, M, Hassankhani, H, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hay, R, Hay, S, He, Y, Hedayatizadeh-Omran, A, Hegazy, M, Heibati, B, Heidari, M, Hendrie, D, Henok, A, Henry, N, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Heydarpour, P, Heydarpour, S, Hibstu, D, Hoek, H, Hole, M, Homaie Rad, E, Hoogar, P, Hosgood, H, Hosseini, S, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hotez, P, Hoy, D, Hsiao, T, Hu, G, Huang, J, Husseini, A, Hussen, M, Hutfless, S, Idrisov, B, Ilesanmi, O, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Irvine, C, Islam, N, Islam, S, Islami, F, Jacobsen, K, Jahangiry, L, Jahanmehr, N, Jain, S, Jakovljevic, M, Jalu, M, James, S, Javanbakht, M, Jayatilleke, A, Jeemon, P, Jenkins, K, Jha, R, Jha, V, Johnson, C, Johnson, S, Jonas, J, Joshi, A, Jozwiak, J, Jungari, S, Jurisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kalani, R, Karami, M, Karami Matin, B, Karch, A, Karema, C, Karimi-Sari, H, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, D, Kassa, G, Kassa, T, Kassebaum, N, Katikireddi, S, Kaul, A, Kazemi, Z, Kazemi Karyani, A, Kazi, D, Kefale, A, Keiyoro, P, Kemp, G, Kengne, A, Keren, A, Kesavachandran, C, Khader, Y, Khafaei, B, Khafaie, M, Khajavi, A, Khalid, N, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khan, M, Khang, Y, Khater, M, Khoja, A, Khosravi, A, Khosravi, M, Khubchandani, J, Kiadaliri, A, Kibret, G, Kidanemariam, Z, Kiirithio, D, Kim, D, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kinfu, Y, Kisa, A, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Kivimaki, M, Knudsen, A, Kocarnik, J, Kochhar, S, Kokubo, Y, Kolola, T, Kopec, J, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, M, Krishan, K, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kumar, G, Kumar, M, Kumar, P, Kutz, M, Kuzin, I, Kyu, H, Lad, D, Lad, S, Lafranconi, A, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lam, J, Lami, F, Lansingh, V, Lansky, S, Larson, H, Latifi, A, Lau, K, Lazarus, J, Lebedev, G, Lee, P, Leigh, J, Leili, M, Leshargie, C, Li, S, Li, Y, Liang, J, Lim, L, Lim, S, Limenih, M, Linn, S, Liu, S, Liu, Y, Lodha, R, Lonsdale, C, Lopez, A, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lozano, R, Lunevicius, R, Ma, S, Macarayan, E, Mackay, M, Maclachlan, J, Maddison, E, Madotto, F, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Maghavani, D, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, D, Manda, A, Mandarano-Filho, L, Manguerra, H, Mansournia, M, Mapoma, C, Marami, D, Maravilla, J, Marcenes, W, Marczak, L, Marks, A, Marks, G, Martinez, G, Martins-Melo, F, Martopullo, I, Marz, W, Marzan, M, Masci, J, Massenburg, B, Mathur, M, Mathur, P, Matzopoulos, R, Maulik, P, Mazidi, M, Mcalinden, C, Mcgrath, J, Mckee, M, Mcmahon, B, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, M, Mehrotra, R, Mehta, K, Mehta, V, Mekonnen, T, Melese, A, Melku, M, Memiah, P, Memish, Z, Mendoza, W, Mengistu, D, Mengistu, G, Mensah, G, Mereta, S, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Mezgebe, H, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Millear, A, Miller, T, Miller-Petrie, M, Mini, G, Mirabi, P, Mirarefin, M, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Misganaw, A, Mitiku, H, Moazen, B, Mohammad, K, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammed, M, Mohammed, S, Mohan, V, Mokdad, A, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradinazar, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Velasquez, I, Morgado-Da-Costa, J, Morrison, S, Moschos, M, Mouodi, S, Mousavi, S, Muchie, K, Mueller, U, Mukhopadhyay, S, Muller, K, Mumford, J, Musa, J, Musa, K, Mustafa, G, Muthupandian, S, Nachega, J, Nagel, G, Naheed, A, Nahvijou, A, Naik, G, Nair, S, Najafi, F, Naldi, L, Nam, H, Nangia, V, Nansseu, J, Nascimento, B, Natarajan, G, Neamati, N, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Neupane, S, Newton, C, Ngalesoni, F, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, A, Nguyen, G, Nguyen, H, Nguyen, L, Nguyen, M, Nguyen, T, Nichols, E, Ningrum, D, Nirayo, Y, Nixon, M, Nolutshungu, N, Nomura, S, Norheim, O, Noroozi, M, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Nouri, H, Shiadeh, M, Nowroozi, M, Nyasulu, P, Odell, C, Ofori-Asenso, R, Ogbo, F, Oh, I, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, A, Olivares, P, Olsen, H, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Ong, K, Ong, S, Oren, E, Orpana, H, Ortiz, A, Ortiz, J, Otstavnov, S, Overland, S, Owolabi, M, Ozdemir, R, Mahesh, P, Pacella, R, Pakhale, S, Pakhare, A, Pakpour, A, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandian, J, Parisi, A, Park, E, Parry, C, Parsian, H, Patel, S, Pati, S, Patton, G, Paturi, V, Paulson, K, Pereira, A, Pereira, D, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Petzold, M, Phillips, M, Piel, F, Pigott, D, Pillay, J, Pirsaheb, M, Pishgar, F, Polinder, S, Postma, M, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Pujar, A, Prakash, S, Prasad, N, Purcell, C, Qorbani, M, Quintana, H, Quistberg, D, Rade, K, Anwar Rafay, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi, K, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahman, M, Rai, R, Rajsic, S, Ram, U, Ranabhat, C, Ranjan, P, Rao, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Razo-Garcia, C, 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A., Abate D., Abate K. H., Abay S. M., Abbafati C., Abbasi N., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdela J., Abdelalim A., Abdollahpour I., Abdulkader R. S., Abebe H. T., Abebe M., Abebe Z., Abejie A. N., Abera S. F., Abil O. Z., Abraha H. N., Abrham A. R., Abu-Raddad L. J., Accrombessi M. M. K., Acharya D., Adamu A. A., Adebayo O. M., Adedoyin R. A., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O. O., Adhena B. M., Adib M. G., Admasie A., Afshin A., Agarwal G., Agesa K. M., Agrawal A., Agrawal S., Ahmadi A., Ahmadi M., Ahmed M. B., Ahmed S., Aichour A. N., Aichour I., Aichour M. T. E., Akbari M. E., Akinyemi R. O., Akseer N., Al-Aly Z., Al-Eyadhy A., Al-Raddadi R. M., Alahdab F., Alam K., Alam T., Alebel A., Alene K. A., Alijanzadeh M., Alizadeh-Navaei R., Aljunid S. M., Alkerwi A., Alla F., Allebeck P., Alonso J., Altirkawi K., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A. T., Aminde L. N., Amini E., Ammar W., Amoako Y. A., Anber N. H., Andrei C. L., Androudi S., Animut M. D., Anjomshoa M., Ansari H., Ansha M. G., Antonio C. 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B., Borschmann R., Bosetti C., Bozorgmehr K., Brady O. J., Brant L. C., Brayne C., Brazinova A., Breitborde N. J. K., Brenner H., Briant P. S., Britton G., Brugha T., Busse R., Butt Z. A., Callender C. S. K. H., Campos-Nonato I. R., Campuzano Rincon J. C., Cano J., Car M., Cardenas R., Carreras G., Carrero J. J., Carter A., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Castillo Rivas J., Castle C. D., Castro C., Castro F., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chaiah Y., Chang J. -C., Charlson F. J., Chaturvedi P., Chiang P. P. -C., Chimed-Ochir O., Chisumpa V. H., Chitheer A., Chowdhury R., Christensen H., Christopher D. J., Chung S. -C., Cicuttini F. M., Ciobanu L. G., Cirillo M., Cohen A. J., Cooper L. T., Cortesi P. A., Cortinovis M., Cousin E., Cowie B. C., Criqui M. H., Cromwell E. A., Crowe C. S., Crump J. A., Cunningham M., Daba A. K., Dadi A. F., Dandona L., Dandona R., Dang A. K., Dargan P. I., Daryani A., Das S. K., Gupta R. D., Neves J. D., Dasa T. T., Dash A. P., Davis A. 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Abstract

GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018; 392: 1736–88—The bottom row in figure 7 was cut off. This correction has been made to the online version as of Nov 9, 2018, and has been made to the printed Article.

Published
2018

141. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

Kyu, H, Abate, D, Abate, K, Abay, S, Abbafati, C, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, R, Abebe, M, Abebe, Z, Abil, O, Aboyans, V, Abrham, A, Abu-Raddad, L, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Accrombessi, M, Acharya, D, Acharya, P, Ackerman, I, Adamu, A, Adebayo, O, Adekanmbi, V, Ademi, Z, Adetokunboh, O, Adib, M, Adsuar, J, Afanvi, K, Afarideh, M, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agesa, K, Aggarwal, R, Aghayan, S, Agrawal, A, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, S, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aichour, M, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Al-Raddadi, R, Alahdab, F, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alashi, A, Alavian, S, Alene, K, Alijanzadeh, M, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, S, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Alonso, J, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Aminde, L, Amini, E, Amiresmaili, M, Ammar, W, Amoako, Y, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Animut, M, Anjomshoa, M, Ansha, M, Antonio, C, Anwari, P, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Arnlov, J, Arora, A, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, K, Asayesh, H, Ataro, Z, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayer, R, Azzopardi, P, Babazadeh, A, Badali, H, Balakrishnan, K, Bali, A, Banach, M, Banoub, J, Barac, A, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Barnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barrero, L, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, B, Bekru, E, Belachew, A, Belay, Y, Bell, M, Bello, A, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berhane, A, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, R, Beuran, M, Beyranvand, T, Bhala, N, Bhatt, S, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, Z, Biadgo, B, Biehl, M, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Bilano, V, Bililign, N, Bin Sayeed, M, Bisanzio, D, Bjorge, T, Bleyer, A, Bobasa, E, Bou-Orm, I, Boufous, S, Bourne, R, Brady, O, Brant, L, Brayne, C, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, N, Brenner, H, Briant, P, Briko, A, Britton, G, Brugha, T, Buchbinder, R, Busse, R, Butt, Z, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Campuzano Rincon, J, Cano, J, Cardenas, R, Carrero, J, Carter, A, Carvalho, F, 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C., Wilner L. B., Wilson S., Winkler A. S., Wiyeh A. B., Wiysonge C. S., Wolfe C. D. A., Woolf A. D., Wyper G. M. A., Xavier D., Xu G., Yadgir S., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yamada T., Yan L. L., Yano Y., Yaseri M., Yasin Y. J., Yeshaneh A., Yimer E. M., Yip P., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Yoon S. -J., Yotebieng M., Younis M. Z., Yousefifard M., Yu C., Zadnik V., Zaidi Z., Zaman S. B., Zamani M., Zandian H., Zar H. J., Zenebe Z. M., Zipkin B., Zhou M., Zodpey S., Zucker I., Zuhlke L. J., and Murray C. J. L.

Abstract

Background: How long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and provision of services. We comparatively assessed the patterns and trends of healthy life expectancy (HALE), which quantifies the number of years of life expected to be lived in good health, and the complementary measure of disability-adjusted lifeyears (DALYs), a composite measure of disease burden capturing both premature mortality and prevalence and severityof ill health, for 359 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories over the past 28 years. Methods We used data for age-speci?c mortality rates, years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality, and years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 to calculate HALE and DALYs from 1990 to 2017. We calculated HALE using age-specific mortality rates and YLDs per capita for each location, age, sex, and year. We calculated DALYs for 359 causes as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We assessed how observed HALE and DALYs differed by country and sex from expected trends based on Sociodemographic Index (SDI). We also analysed HALE by decomposing years of life gained into years spent in good health and in poor health, between 1990 and 2017, and extra years lived by females compared with males. Findings Globally, from 1990 to 2017, life expectancy at birth increased by 7·4 years (95% uncertainty interval 7·1-7·8), from 65·6 years (65·3-65·8) in 1990 to 73·0 years (72·7-73·3) in 2017. The increase in years of life varied from 5·1 years (5·0-5·3) in high SDI countries to 12·0 years (11·3-12·8) in low SDI countries. Of the additional years of life expected at birth, 26·3% (20·1-33·1) were expected to be spent in poor health in high SDI countries compared with 11·7% (8·8-15·1) in low-middle SDI countries. HALE at birth increased

Published
2018

142. ACUTE FIBRINOUS AND ORGANIZING PNEUMONIA: CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Author

Menchi-Elanzi M, Garcia-Sevila R, Garcia-Rodenas M, Costa-Navarro E, Ramos-Rincon J, and Serrano C

Subjects
Lung biopsy, Interstitial lung disease, Organized pneumonia, Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia
Abstract

Introduction: Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) is a rare histological patterns of interstitial pneumonia. In most cases, it is considered idiopathic, although it has been associated with infections, autoimmune diseases, drugs, environmental and occupational exposures, cancers, and solid organ transplants. Material and methods: We report a case of a 45-year-old man presenting with respiratory distress and fever who was finally diagnosed with AFOP with good clinical evolution with steroids; and no history of exposure to environmental toxins, animals, or recent travel. We also review the available literature in the PubMed database between 1962 and May 31th 2018 Results: We identified 43 articles which reported in 94 cases. Patients' mean age was 52.3 years (range 14 to 73), and the majority (54.2%) were men. Idiopathic etiology was the most frequent cause of the disease (48% of cases), followed by autoimmune diseases ( 12.7%), pharmacological treatments were the cause of 10.6% of the cases. Most cases (90.4%) were treated with corticosteroids. A quarter of the patients had an unfavorable evolution and died. Conclusion: The literature shows that suspicion of AFOP is warranted in young patients with pneumonia that do not respond to antibiotic treatment. AFOP is probably an underdiagnosed entity, as a pulmonary biopsy is necessary to reach a diagnosis.

Published
2020

143. A Cross-Sectional Study of Seroprevalence of Strongyloidiasis in Pregnant Women (Peruvian Amazon Basin)

Author

Ortiz-Martinez S, Ramos-Rincon J, Vasquez-Chasnamote M, Alarcon-Baldeon J, Parraguez-de-la-Cruz J, Gamboa-Paredes O, Schillyk-Guerra P, Espinoza-Venegas L, Pinedo-Cancino V, Perez-Tanoira R, Gorgolas-Hernandez-Mora M, Casapia-Morales M, Ramos-Rincon M, Gimeno A, Llenas-Garcia J, Prieto L, Bardales-Vasquez J, Perez-Bardales G, Silva A, Pezo-Flores R, Cancino V, Morales M, and Spanish-Peruvian Chagas HTLV Stron

Subjects
seroprevalence, prevalence, Peru, serology, Strongyloides stercoralis, Amazon
Abstract

Strongyloidiasis is a soil-transmitted helminthiasis with a high global prevalence. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection and assess strongyloidiasis serology as a screening technique in the Peruvian Amazon. Material and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of strongyloidiasis in 300 pregnant women in Iquitos (Peru) from 1 May 2019 to 15 June 2019. Women were tested using serology (Strongyloides IgG IVD-ELISA kit) as an index test and the modified Baermann technique and/or charcoal fecal culture as the parasitological reference standard. Results: The reference tests showed S. stercoralis in the stool of 30 women (prevalence: 10%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.1% to 13.9%), while 101 women tested positive on the blood test (prevalence: 33.7%; 95% CI 28.6% to 39.4%). Fourteen of the 15 women (93.3%) with positive results according to the modified Baermann technique, and 14 of the 23 women (56.5%) with positive charcoal cultures also had positive serological results. Serology showed a sensitivity of 63.3% and a negative predictive value of 94.4%. Conclusion: In Iquitos, pregnant women have a high prevalence of S stercoralis. S. stercoralis ELISA could be an excellent tool for population-based screening, as it has a high negative predictive value that can help to rule out the presence of active infection.

Published
2020

144. HIV/AIDS research in Africa and the Middle East: participation and equity in North-South collaborations and relationships

Author

Gonzalez-Alcaide G, Menchi-Elanzi M, Nacarapa E, and Ramos-Rincon J

Subjects
International collaboration, Leadership, Human immunodeficiency virus infection, Bibliometrics, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, African countries, Scientific research
Abstract

Background HIV/AIDS has attracted considerable research attention since the 1980s. In the current context of globalization and the predominance of cooperative work, it is crucial to analyze the participation of the countries and regions where the infection is most prevalent. This study assesses the participation of African countries in publications on the topic, as well as the degree of equity or influence existing in North-South relations. Methods We identified all articles and reviews of HIV/AIDS indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection. We analyzed the scientific production, collaboration, and contributions from African and Middle Eastern countries to scientific activity in the region. The concept of leadership, measured through the participation as the first author of documents in collaboration was used to determine the equity in research produced through international collaboration. Results A total of 68,808 documents published from 2010 to 2017 were analyzed. Researchers from North America and Europe participated in 82.14% of the global scientific production on HIV/AIDS, compared to just 21.61% from Africa and the Middle East. Furthermore, the publications that did come out of these regions was concentrated in a small number of countries, led by South Africa (41% of the documents). Other features associated with HIV/AIDS publications from Africa include the importance of international collaboration from the USA, the UK, and other European countries (75-93% of the documents) and the limited participation as first authors that is evident (30 to 36% of the documents). Finally, the publications to which African countries contributed had a notably different disciplinary orientation, with a predominance of research on public health, epidemiology, and drug therapy. Conclusions It is essential to foster more balance in research output, avoid the concentration of resources that reproduces the global North-South model on the African continent, and focus the research agenda on local priorities. To accomplish this, the global North should strengthen the transfer of research skills and seek equity in cooperative ties, favoring the empowerment of African countries. These efforts should be concentrated in countries with low scientific activity and high incidence and prevalence of the disease. It is also essential to foster intraregional collaborations between African countries.

Published
2020

145. Infective endocarditis in elderly and very elderly patients

Author

Menchi-Elanzi M, Ramos-Rincon J, Merino-Lucas E, Reus-Banuls S, Torrus-Tendero D, Climent-Paya V, Boix V, and Portilla-Sogorb J

Subjects
Elderly, Bacterial endocarditis, Very elderly, Cardiovascular infection, Mortality
Abstract

Aims To compare the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and the evolution of infective endocarditis in adults aged under 65 years, 65-79 years, and 80 years or older. Methods An observational retrospective cohort study in patients with infective endocarditis was performed in a public hospital in Spain from January 2013 to December 2017. Results Seventy-two patients were treated: 26 (36.1%) were under 65 years old, 28 (38.9%) were 65-79 years old, and 18 (25%) were aged 80 or older. Prosthetic valve endocarditis was less common in patients aged 65-79 years (3.6%) than in younger (23.1%; p=0.047) or older (38.9%; p=0.004) patients. In contrast, degenerative heart disease was more prevalent in the 65-79 year age group [64.3% compared to 15.4% (p

Published
2020

146. Diagnostic yield of point-of-care ultrasound imaging of the lung in patients with COVID-19

Author

Gil-Rodrigo A, Llorens P, Martinez-Buendia C, Luque-Hernandez M, Espinosa B, and Ramos-Rincon J

Subjects
Coronavirus disease 2019, point-of-care, Emergency department, Ultrasound, COVID-19, Pneumonia, Lung
Abstract

Objective. To assess the diagnostic yield of point-of-care ultrasound imaging in patients suspected of having noncritical severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection but no apparent changes on a chest radiograph. Methods. Cross-sectional analysis of a case series including patients coming to an emergency department in March and April 2020 with mild-moderate respiratory symptoms suspected to be caused by SARS-CoV-2. A point-of-care ultrasound examination of the lungs was performed on all participants as part of routine clinical care. Ultrasound findings were compared according to the results of SARS-CoV-2 test results. Results. Fifty-eight patients with a median (interquartile range) age of 44.5 (34-67) years were enrolled; 42 (72.4%) were women. Twenty-seven (46.5%) had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ultrasound findings were consistent with interstitial pneumonia due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 33 (56.9%). Most were in cases with test-confirmed COVID-19 (100% vs 22.2% of cases with no confirmation; P < .001). The most common ultrasound findings in confirmed COVID-19 cases were focal and confluent B-lines in the basal and posterior regions of the lung (R1, 85.2%; R2, 77.8%; Ll, 88.9%; and L2, 88.9%) and associated pleural involvement (70.4%, 70.4%, 81.5%, and 85.2%, respectively). The sensitivity of point-of-care ultrasound in the diagnosis of COVID-19 was 92.6% (95% CI, 75.7%-99.1%). Specificity was 85.2% (95% CI, 66.3%-95.8%); positive predictive value, 75.8% (95% CI, 59.6%-91.9%); negative predictive value, 92% (95% CI, 74.0%-99.0%); and positive and negative likelihood ratios, 6.2 (95% CI, 6.0-6.5) and 0.1 (95% CI, 0.1-0.1), respectively. Conclusion. Point-of-care lung ultrasound could be useful for the diagnosis of noncritical SARS-CoV-2 infection when chest radiographs are inconclusive.

Published
2020

147. Autochthonous Outbreak of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum in Corrientes Province, Argentina

Author

Acosta-Soto L, Encinas E, Deschutter E, Pasetto R, Petri-de-Odriozola E, Bornay-Llinares F, and Ramos-Rincon J

Subjects
parasitic diseases
Abstract

Endemic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in northern Argentina has traditionally been caused by Leishmania braziliensis. Th is study aims to describe an outbreak of Leishmania infantum-caused human CL in the Department Capital of Corrientes Province, Argentina. We retrospectively analyzed the reported cases of CL in this area from May 2015 to December 2016. Eighty cases of CL were clinically and analytically diagnosed, and there was one case of visceral leishmaniasis in a boy who also had CL. Patients' median age was 33.6 years (range 1-89 years), and 18.5% were younger than 15 years; the male:female ratio was 3.5:1. Cases lived mostly in the municipality of Corrientes (72.8%), whereas 27.2% resided in Riachuelo. Although 67.9% had a single lesion, 32.1 % had several. Molecular analyses showed that L. infantum was the causative species in all cases. Our results show that for the first time, there was an outbreak of CL by L. infantum in an urban area of Argentina.

Published
2020

148. Multidisciplinary management of liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer: a consensus of SEOM, AEC, SEOR, SERVEI, and SEMNIM

Author

Vera R, Gonzalez-Flores E, Rubio C, Urbano J, Camps M, Ciampi-Dopazo J, Rincon J, Macias V, Braco M, and Suarez-Artacho G

Subjects
Liver metastases, Consensus, Chemotherapy, Surgery, Locoregional therapies, Colorectal cancer
Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the second-highest tumor incidence and is a leading cause of death by cancer. Nearly 20% of patients with CRC will have metastases at the time of diagnosis, and more than 50% of patients with CRC develop metastatic disease during the course of their disease. A group of experts from the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology, the Spanish Association of Surgeons, the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology, the Spanish Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, and the Spanish Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging met to discuss and provide a multidisciplinary consensus on the management of liver metastases in patients with CRC. The group defined the different scenarios in which the disease can present: fit or unfit patients with resectable liver metastases, patients with potential resectable liver metastases, and patients with unresectable liver metastases. Within each scenario, the different strategies and therapeutic approaches are discussed.

Published
2020

149. Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Author

Hamadeh R.R., Soyiri I.N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Srinivasan V., Sripada K., Stovner L.J., Stockfelt L., Sultan I., Swope C.B., Vaicekonyte R., Sykes B.L., Szumowski L., Tabb K.M., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tahir Z., Tareque M.I., Tarigan I.U., Taveira N., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Varughese S., Touvier M., Tran B.X., Tsatsakis A., Vardavas C., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Undurraga E.A., Upadhyay E., Vasankari T.J., Vasconcelos A.N., Veisani Y., Vidale S., Waheed Y., Wei J., Wang F., Zhao X.G., Wang Y., Yu C., Zhang Z., Wang H., Weiss J., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wu A., Xie Y., Xu G., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S., Yilgwan C.S., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Younker T.P., Yu Y., Zaidi S., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zheleva B., Zhu C., Abbafati C., Machado D.B., Cislaghi B., Salman O.M., Karanikolos M., McKee M., Abbas K.M., Brady O.J., Larson H.J., Trias-Llimos S., Cummins S., Langan S.M., Sartorius B., Hafiz A., Jenabi E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Borzouei S., Azarian G., Khazaei S., Abbasi M., Asghari B., Masoumi S., Komaki H., Taherkhani A., Adabi M., Abbasifard M., Bazmandegan G., Kamiab Z., Vakilian A., Anjomshoa M., Mokari A., Sabour S., Shahbaz M., Saeedi R., Ahmadieh H., Yousefinezhadi T., Haj-Mirzaian A., Nikbakhsh R., Safi S., Asgari S., Irvani S.N., Jahanmehr N., Ramezanzadeh K., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Khayamzadeh M., Abbastabar H., Shirkoohi R., Fazlzadeh M., Janjani H., Hosseini M., Mansournia M., Tohidinik H., Bakhtiari A., Fazaeli A., Mousavi S., Hasanzadeh A., Nabavizadeh B., Malekzadeh R., Hashemian M., Pourshams A., Salimzadeh H., Sepanlou S.G., Afarideh M., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Ghajar A., Heidari B., Rezaei N., Mohamadi E., Rahimi-Movaghar A., Rahim F., Eskandarieh S., Sahraian M., Mohebi F., Aminorroaya A., Ebrahimi H., Farzadfar F., Mohajer B., Pishgar F., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Shabani M., Zarafshan H., Abolhassani H., Hafezi-Nejad N., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Abdollahi M., Farahmand M., Salamati P., Mehrabi Nasab E., Tajdini M., Aghamir S., Mirzaei R., Dibaji Forooshani Z., Khater M.M., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abualhasan A., El-Jaafary S.I., Hassan A., Elsharkawy A., Khater A.M., Elhabashy H.R., Salem M.R.R., Salem H., Sadeghi M., Jafarinia M., Amini-Rarani M., Mohammadifard N., Sarrafzadegan N., Abdollahpour I., Sarveazad A., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Yoosefi Lebni J., Manafi N., Pazoki Toroudi H., Dorostkar F., Alipour V., Sheikhtaheri A., Arabloo J., Azari S., Ghashghaee A., Rezapour A., Naserbakht M., Kabir A., Mehri F., Yousefifard M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Babaee E., Eshrati B., Goharinezhad S., Moradi M., Abedi P., Rashedi V., Kumar V., Elgendy I.Y., Basu S., Park J., Pereira A., Norheim O.F., Eagan A.W., Cahill L.E., Sheikh A., Abushouk A.I., Thakur B., Barnighausen T.W., Shrime M.G., Abedi A., Doshi C.P., Abegaz K.H., Geberemariyam B.S., Aynalem Y.A., Shiferaw W.S., Abosetugn A.E., Aboyans V., Abrams E.M., Gitimoghaddam M., Kissoon N., Stubbs J.L., Brauer M., Iyamu I.O., Kopec J.A., Pourmalek F., Ribeiro A.P., Malta D.C., Gomez R.S., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Almulhim A.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Pottoo F.H., Menezes R.G., Alanzi T.M., Alumran A.K., Abu Haimed A.K., Madadin M., Alanezi F.M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Saddik B., Abu-Raddad L.J., Samy A.M., El Nahas N., Shalash A.S., Nabhan A.F., Kamath A.M., Kassebaum N.J., Aravkin A.Y., Kochhar S., Sorensen R.J.D., Afshin A., Burkart K., Cromwell E.A., Gakidou E., Hay S.I., Kyu H.H., Lopez A.D., Lozano R., Misganaw A.T., Mokdad A.H., Naghavi M., Pigott D.M., Reiner Jr R.C., Roth G.A., Stanaway J.D., Vollset S., Vos T., Lim S.S., Murray C.J.L., Kalani R., Ikuta K.S., Cho D.Y., Kneib C.J., Crowe C.S., Massenburg B.B., Morrison S.D., Acebedo A., Adelson J.D., Agesa K.M., Alam T., Albertson S.B., Anderson J.A., Antony C.M., Ashbaugh C., Assmus M., Azhar G., Balassyano S., Bannick M.S., Barthelemy C.M., Bender R.G., Bennitt F.B., Bertolacci G.J., Biehl M.H., Bisignano C., Boon-Dooley A.S., Briant P.S., Bryazka D., Bumgarner B.R., Callender C.S., Cao J., Castle C.D., Castro E., Causey K., Cercy K.M., Chalek J., Cohen A.J., Comfort H., Compton K., Croneberger A.J., Cruz J.A., Cunningham M., Dangel W.J., Dean F.E., DeCleene N.K., Deen A., Degenhardt L., Dingels Z.V., Dippenaar I.N., Dirac M.A., Dolgert A.J., Emmons-Bell S., Estep K., Farag T., Feigin V.L., Feldman R., Ferrara G., Ferrari A.J., Fitzgerald R., Force L.M., Fox J.T., Frank T.D., Fu W., Fukutaki K., Fuller J.E., Fullman N., Galles N.C., Gardner W.M., Gershberg Hayoon A., Goren E., Gorman T.M., Gottlich H.C., Guo G., Haddock B., Hagins H., Haile L.M., Hamilton E.B., Han C., Han H., Harvey J.D., Henny K., Henrikson H.J., Henry N.J., Herbert M.E., Hsiao T., Huynh C.K., Iannucci V.C., Ippolito H., Irvine C.M.S., Jafari H., Jahagirdar D., James S.L., Johnson C.O., Johnson S.C., Keller C., Kemmer L., Kendrick P.J., Knight M., Kocarnik J.M., Krohn K.J., Larson S.L., Lau K.M., Ledesma J.R., Leever A.T., LeGrand K.E., Lescinsky H., Lin C., Liu H., Liu Z., Lo J., Lu A., Ma J., Maddison E.R., Manguerra H., Marks A., Martopullo I., Mastrogiacomo C.I., May E.A., Mooney M.D., Mosser J.F., Mullany E.C., Mumford J., Munro S.B., Nandakumar V., Nguyen J., Nguyen M., Nichols E., Nixon M.R., Odell C.M., Ong K.L., Orji A.U., Ostroff S.M., Pasovic M., Paulson K.R., Pease S.A., Pennini A., Pierce M., Pilz T.M., Pletcher M., Rao P.C., Razo C., Redford S.B., Reinig N., Reitsma M.B., Rhinehart P., Robalik T., Roberts N.L.S., Rolfe S., Sbarra A.N., Schaeffer L.E., Shackelford K.A., Shadid J., Sharara F., Shaw D.H., Sheena B.S., Simpson K.E., Smith A., Spencer C.N., Spurlock E.E., Stark B.A., Steiner C., Steuben K.M., Sylte D.O., Tang M., Taylor H.J., Terrason S., Thomson A.M., Torre A.E., Travillian R., Troeger C.E., Vongpradith A., Walters M.K., Wang J., Watson A., Watson S., Whisnant J.L., Whiteford H.A., Wiens K.E., Wilner L.B., Wilson S., Wool E.E., Wozniak S.S., Wu J., Wulf Hanson S., Wunrow H., Xu R., Yadgir S., Yearwood J.A., York H.W., Yuan C., Zhao J.T., Zheng P., Zimsen S.R.M., Zlavog B.S., Chang A.Y., Oren E., Buchbinder R., Chin K.L., Guo Y., Polkinghorne K.R., Thrift A.G., Ackerman I.N., Cicuttini F.M., Li S., Zaman S., Suleria H., Cowie B.C., Wijeratne T., Patton G.C., Sawyer S.M., Adair T., Meretoja A., Adetokunboh O.O., Adamu A.A., Iwu C.J., Parry C.D.H., Seedat S., Ndwandwe D.E., Mahasha P.W., Stein D.J., Nnaji C.A., Sambala E.Z., Wiysonge C.S., Adebayo O.M., Ilesanmi O.S., Owolabi M.O., Adeoye A.M., Adedeji I.A., Adekanmbi V., Ibitoye S.E., John-Akinola Y.O., Oluwasanu M.M., Oghenetega O.B., Akinyemi R.O., Zandian H., Adham D., Zahirian Moghadam T., Advani S.M., Teagle W.L., Braithwaite D., Agasthi P., Saadatagah S., Afshari M., Agardh E.E., Allebeck P., Danielsson A., Deuba K., Carrero J.J., Fereshtehnejad S., Arnlov J., Nowak C., Cederroth C.R., Ahmadi A., Mills E.J., Kurmi O.P., Olagunju A.T., Agarwal G., Sathish T., Aghaali M., Mohammadbeigi A., Agrawal A., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Maleki S., Naderi M., Salahshoor M.R., Pourmirza Kalhori R., Almasi A., Salimi Y., Siabani S., Ziapour A., Barzegar A., Khazaie H., Kianipour N., Amiri F., Salehi Zahabi S., Mirzaei M., Shamsi M., Najafi F., Jalali A., Ghadiri K., Heydarpour F., Fattahi N., Karami Matin B., Kazemi Karyani A., Pirsaheb M., Rajati F., Sadeghi E., Safari Y., Sharafi K., Soltani S., Vasseghian Y., Atafar Z., Jalilian F., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Saeidi S., Soofi M., Zangeneh A., Mansouri B., Ahmadi M., Khafaie M.A., Safiri S., Moghadaszadeh M., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Doshmangir L., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Ghafourifard M., Spotin A., Khodayari M., Samadi Kafil H., Kalankesh L.R., Ahmadpour E., Yousefi B., Ansari F., Hassankhani H., Karimi S., Haririan H., Mereta S., Ahmed M.B., Feyissa G.T., Ciobanu L.G., Aji B., Aynalem G.L., Gebresillassie B., Tefera Y.G., Akalu T.Y., Baraki A.G., Tesema G.A., Tessema Z.T., Tamiru A.T., Azene Z.N., Netsere H.B., Yano Y., Akinyemiju T., Wu C., Zadey S., Samad Z., Ji J.S., Doshi P.P., John O., Jha V., Maulik P.K., Pesudovs K., Resnikoff S., Mitchell P.B., Sachdev P.S., Akombi B., Godinho M.A., Ivers R.Q., Peden A.E., Biswas R., Boufous S., Akunna C.J., Alahdab F., Hammer M.S., van Donkelaar A., Al-Aly Z., Dellavalle R.P., Alam S., Martin R.V., Alam N., De Leo D., Tadakamadla S.K., Alam K., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Avila-Burgos L., Servan-Mori E., Denova-Gutierrez E., Rodriguez-Ramirez S., Morales L., Poznanska A., Wojtyniak B., Rivera J.A., Campos-Nonato I.R., Campuzano Rincon J., Sanchez-Pimienta T.G., Mengesha M.B., Welay F.T., Alema N.M., Demsie D.G., Teame H., Teklehaimanot B.F., Alemu B.W., Gultie T., Bante A.B., Yeshitila Y.G., Geramo Y.C.D., Glagn M., Sorrie M.B., W/hawariat F.G., Amare A., Kasa A., Alemu Y., Mihretie K.M., Atnafu D.D., Demeke F.M., Melese A., Bante S.A., Dessie G.A., Mengesha E.W., Nigatu D., Almadi M.A.H., Alhabib K.F., Mohammad Y., Altirkawi K.A., Temsah M., Kugbey N., Ayanore M.A., Alhassan R.K., Ali M., Ali S., Alicandro G., Kalhor R., Alijanzadeh M., Alinia C., Yusefzadeh H., Didarloo A., Alizade H., Nikpoor A., Aljunid S.M., Alla F., Leal L.F., Almasi-Hashiani A., Moradzadeh R., Zamanian M., Nazari J., Amini S., Ghamari F., Almasri N.A., Khan M., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Bedi N., Alonso J., Ciber E.S.P., Al-Raddadi R.M., Zakzuk J., Alvis-Guzman N., Alvis-Zakzuk N.J., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Malagon-Rojas J.N., Gezae K., Gesesew H.A., Muthupandian S., Berhe K., Amare B., Ayza M.A., Gebreslassie A.A.A., Bitew H., Zewdie K.A., Tela F.G.G., Gill T.K., Noubiap J., Lassi Z.S., Bhandari D., Amit A.L., Antonio C.T., Faraon E.A., Lopez J.F., Atre S.R., Ballew S.H., Matsushita K., Khoja A.T., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Ghadimi M., Shafaat O., Fanzo J., Amugsi D.A., Amul G.H., Koh D.S.Q., Venketasubramanian N., Anbesu E.W., Mohammed J.A., Wondmeneh T.G., Andrei C., Negoi R.I., Davitoiu D.V., Manda A., Negoi I., Preotescu L., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Ancuceanu R., Hasan M., Leung J., Anderlini D., Mamun A.A., Maravilla J.C., McGrath J.J., Charlson F.J., Lalloo R., Uddin R., Erskine H.E., Knibbs L.D., Mantilla Herrera A.M., Santomauro D.F., Mirica A., Ausloos M., Herteliu C., Otoiu A., Pana A., Andrei T., Stefan S., Androudi S., Angus C., Ansari I., Pourjafar H., Shams-Beyranvand M., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Khammarnia M., Antonazzo I., Ferrara P., Conti S., Cortesi P.A., Fornari C., Lee P.H., Antriyandarti E., Yousefi Z., Rafiei A., Javidnia J., Faridnia R., Anvari D., Moosazadeh M., Rezai M., Daryani A., Fareed M., Anwer R., Appiah S., Paudel D., Dichgans M., Riahi S., Rajabpour-Sanati A., Arab-Zozani M., Arba A.A.K., Aremu O., Ariani F., Aripov T., Armoon B., Mahdavi M.M., Arowosegbe O.O., Tediosi F., Aryal K.K., Mosapour A., Yaminfirooz M., Arzani A., Bijani A., Jahani M.A., Mouodi S., Zamani M., Asaad M., Dianatinasab M., Bahrami M., Pakshir K., Asadi-Pooya A.A., Bayati M., Shahabi S., Athari S., Atout M.M.W., Atteraya M.S., Brugha T., Ausloos F., Avokpaho E.F.G., Room R., Islam M., Edvardsson D., Rahman M., Ayala Quintanilla B., Gething P.W., Briggs A.M., Ayano G., Hendrie D., 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Abstract

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3.5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Published
2020

150. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Author

Hird T.R., Shannawaz M., Sharma R., Shin J., Shiri R., Sierpinski R., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva D.A.S., Simonetti B., Singh A., Sinha D.N., Skiadaresi E., Skou S.T., Skryabin V.Y., Zastrozhin M.S., Soheili A., Sokhan A., Somefun O.D., Korotkova A.V., Soyiri I.N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Srinivasan V., Sripada K., Stovner L.J., Stockfelt L., Sultan I., Swope C.B., Vaicekonyte R., Sykes B.L., Szumowski L., Tabb K.M., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tahir Z., Tareque M.I., Tarigan I.U., Taveira N., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Varughese S., Touvier M., Tran B.X., Tsatsakis A., Vardavas C., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Undurraga E.A., Upadhyay E., Vasankari T.J., Vasconcelos A.N., Veisani Y., Vidale S., Waheed Y., Wei J., Wang F., Zhao X.G., Wang Y., Yu C., Zhang Z., Wang H., Weiss J., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wu A., Xie Y., Xu G., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S., Yilgwan C.S., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Younker T.P., Yu Y., Zaidi S., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zheleva B., Zhu C., Abbafati C., Machado D.B., Cislaghi B., Salman O.M., Karanikolos M., McKee M., Abbas K.M., Brady O.J., Larson H.J., Trias-Llimos S., Cummins S., Langan S.M., Sartorius B., Hafiz A., Jenabi E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Borzouei S., Azarian G., Khazaei S., Abbasi M., Asghari B., Masoumi S., Komaki H., Taherkhani A., Adabi M., Abbasifard M., Bazmandegan G., Kamiab Z., Vakilian A., Anjomshoa M., Mokari A., Sabour S., Shahbaz M., Saeedi R., Ahmadieh H., Yousefinezhadi T., Haj-Mirzaian A., Nikbakhsh R., Safi S., Asgari S., Irvani S.N., Jahanmehr N., Ramezanzadeh K., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Khayamzadeh M., Abbastabar H., Shirkoohi R., Fazlzadeh M., Janjani H., Hosseini M., Mansournia M., Tohidinik H., Bakhtiari A., Fazaeli A., Mousavi S., Hasanzadeh A., Nabavizadeh B., Malekzadeh R., Hashemian M., Pourshams A., Salimzadeh H., Sepanlou S.G., Afarideh M., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Ghajar A., Heidari B., Rezaei N., Mohamadi E., Rahimi-Movaghar A., Rahim F., Eskandarieh S., Sahraian M., Mohebi F., Aminorroaya A., Ebrahimi H., Farzadfar F., Mohajer B., Pishgar F., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Shabani M., Zarafshan H., Abolhassani H., Hafezi-Nejad N., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Abdollahi M., Farahmand M., Salamati P., Mehrabi Nasab E., Tajdini M., Aghamir S., Mirzaei R., Dibaji Forooshani Z., Khater M.M., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abualhasan A., El-Jaafary S.I., Hassan A., Elsharkawy A., Khater A.M., Elhabashy H.R., Salem M.R.R., Salem H., Sadeghi M., Jafarinia M., Amini-Rarani M., Mohammadifard N., Sarrafzadegan N., Abdollahpour I., Sarveazad A., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Yoosefi Lebni J., Manafi N., Pazoki Toroudi H., Dorostkar F., Alipour V., Sheikhtaheri A., Arabloo J., Azari S., Ghashghaee A., Rezapour A., Naserbakht M., Kabir A., Mehri F., Yousefifard M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Babaee E., Eshrati B., Goharinezhad S., Moradi M., Abedi P., Rashedi V., Kumar V., Elgendy I.Y., Basu S., Park J., Pereira A., Norheim O.F., Eagan A.W., Cahill L.E., Sheikh A., Abushouk A.I., Thakur B., Barnighausen T.W., Shrime M.G., Abedi A., Doshi C.P., Abegaz K.H., Geberemariyam B.S., Aynalem Y.A., Shiferaw W.S., Abosetugn A.E., Aboyans V., Abrams E.M., Gitimoghaddam M., Kissoon N., Stubbs J.L., Brauer M., Iyamu I.O., Kopec J.A., Pourmalek F., Ribeiro A.P., Malta D.C., Gomez R.S., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Almulhim A.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Pottoo F.H., Menezes R.G., Alanzi T.M., Alumran A.K., Abu Haimed A.K., Madadin M., Alanezi F.M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Saddik B., Abu-Raddad L.J., Samy A.M., El Nahas N., Shalash A.S., Nabhan A.F., Kamath A.M., Kassebaum N.J., Aravkin A.Y., Kochhar S., Sorensen R.J.D., Afshin A., Burkart K., Cromwell E.A., Gakidou E., Hay S.I., Kyu H.H., Lopez A.D., Lozano R., Misganaw A.T., Mokdad A.H., Naghavi M., Pigott D.M., Reiner Jr R.C., Roth G.A., Stanaway J.D., Vollset S., Vos T., Lim S.S., Murray C.J.L., Kalani R., Ikuta K.S., Cho D.Y., Kneib C.J., Crowe C.S., Massenburg B.B., Morrison S.D., Acebedo A., Adelson J.D., Agesa K.M., Alam T., Albertson S.B., Anderson J.A., Antony C.M., Ashbaugh C., Assmus M., Azhar G., Balassyano S., Bannick M.S., Barthelemy C.M., Bender R.G., Bennitt F.B., Bertolacci G.J., Biehl M.H., Bisignano C., Boon-Dooley A.S., Briant P.S., Bryazka D., Bumgarner B.R., Callender C.S., Cao J., Castle C.D., Castro E., Causey K., Cercy K.M., Chalek J., Cohen A.J., Comfort H., Compton K., Croneberger A.J., Cruz J.A., Cunningham M., Dangel W.J., Dean F.E., DeCleene N.K., Deen A., Degenhardt L., Dingels Z.V., Dippenaar I.N., Dirac M.A., Dolgert A.J., Emmons-Bell S., Estep K., Farag T., Feigin V.L., Feldman R., Ferrara G., Ferrari A.J., Fitzgerald R., Force L.M., Fox J.T., Frank T.D., Fu W., Fukutaki K., Fuller J.E., Fullman N., Galles N.C., Gardner W.M., Gershberg Hayoon A., Goren E., Gorman T.M., Gottlich H.C., Guo G., Haddock B., Hagins H., Haile L.M., Hamilton E.B., Han C., Han H., Harvey J.D., Henny K., Henrikson H.J., Henry N.J., Herbert M.E., Hsiao T., Huynh C.K., Iannucci V.C., Ippolito H., Irvine C.M.S., Jafari H., Jahagirdar D., James S.L., Johnson C.O., Johnson S.C., Keller C., Kemmer L., Kendrick P.J., Knight M., Kocarnik J.M., Krohn K.J., Larson S.L., Lau K.M., Ledesma J.R., Leever A.T., LeGrand K.E., Lescinsky H., Lin C., Liu H., Liu Z., Lo J., Lu A., Ma J., Maddison E.R., Manguerra H., Marks A., Martopullo I., Mastrogiacomo C.I., May E.A., Mooney M.D., Mosser J.F., Mullany E.C., Mumford J., Munro S.B., Nandakumar V., Nguyen J., Nguyen M., Nichols E., Nixon M.R., Odell C.M., Ong K.L., Orji A.U., Ostroff S.M., Pasovic M., Paulson K.R., Pease S.A., Pennini A., Pierce M., Pilz T.M., Pletcher M., Rao P.C., Razo C., Redford S.B., Reinig N., Reitsma M.B., Rhinehart P., Robalik T., Roberts N.L.S., Rolfe S., Sbarra A.N., Schaeffer L.E., Shackelford K.A., Shadid J., Sharara F., Shaw D.H., Sheena B.S., Simpson K.E., Smith A., Spencer C.N., Spurlock E.E., Stark B.A., Steiner C., Steuben K.M., Sylte D.O., Tang M., Taylor H.J., Terrason S., Thomson A.M., Torre A.E., Travillian R., Troeger C.E., Vongpradith A., Walters M.K., Wang J., Watson A., Watson S., Whisnant J.L., Whiteford H.A., Wiens K.E., Wilner L.B., Wilson S., Wool E.E., Wozniak S.S., Wu J., Wulf Hanson S., Wunrow H., Xu R., Yadgir S., Yearwood J.A., York H.W., Yuan C., Zhao J.T., Zheng P., Zimsen S.R.M., Zlavog B.S., Chang A.Y., Oren E., Buchbinder R., Chin K.L., Guo Y., Polkinghorne K.R., Thrift A.G., Ackerman I.N., Cicuttini F.M., Li S., Zaman S., Suleria H., Cowie B.C., Wijeratne T., Patton G.C., Sawyer S.M., Adair T., Meretoja A., Adetokunboh O.O., Adamu A.A., Iwu C.J., Parry C.D.H., Seedat S., Ndwandwe D.E., Mahasha P.W., Stein D.J., Nnaji C.A., Sambala E.Z., Wiysonge C.S., Adebayo O.M., Ilesanmi O.S., Owolabi M.O., Adeoye A.M., Adedeji I.A., Adekanmbi V., Ibitoye S.E., John-Akinola Y.O., Oluwasanu M.M., Oghenetega O.B., Akinyemi R.O., Zandian H., Adham D., Zahirian Moghadam T., Advani S.M., Teagle W.L., Braithwaite D., Agasthi P., Saadatagah S., Afshari M., Agardh E.E., Allebeck P., Danielsson A., Deuba K., Carrero J.J., Fereshtehnejad S., Arnlov J., Nowak C., Cederroth C.R., Ahmadi A., Mills E.J., Kurmi O.P., Olagunju A.T., Agarwal G., Sathish T., Aghaali M., Mohammadbeigi A., Agrawal A., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Maleki S., Naderi M., Salahshoor M.R., Pourmirza Kalhori R., Almasi A., Salimi Y., Siabani S., Ziapour A., Barzegar A., Khazaie H., Kianipour N., Amiri F., Salehi Zahabi S., Mirzaei M., Shamsi M., Najafi F., Jalali A., Ghadiri K., Heydarpour F., Fattahi N., Karami Matin B., Kazemi Karyani A., Pirsaheb M., Rajati F., Sadeghi E., Safari Y., Sharafi K., Soltani S., Vasseghian Y., Atafar Z., Jalilian F., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Saeidi S., Soofi M., Zangeneh A., Mansouri B., Ahmadi M., Khafaie M.A., Safiri S., Moghadaszadeh M., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Doshmangir L., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Ghafourifard M., Spotin A., Khodayari M., Samadi Kafil H., Kalankesh L.R., Ahmadpour E., Yousefi B., Ansari F., Hassankhani H., Karimi S., Haririan H., Mereta S., Ahmed M.B., Feyissa G.T., Ciobanu L.G., Aji B., Aynalem G.L., Gebresillassie B., Tefera Y.G., Akalu T.Y., Baraki A.G., Tesema G.A., Tessema Z.T., Tamiru A.T., Azene Z.N., Netsere H.B., Yano Y., Akinyemiju T., Wu C., Zadey S., Samad Z., Ji J.S., Doshi P.P., John O., Jha V., Maulik P.K., Pesudovs K., Resnikoff S., Mitchell P.B., Sachdev P.S., Akombi B., Godinho M.A., Ivers R.Q., Peden A.E., Biswas R., Boufous S., Akunna C.J., Alahdab F., Hammer M.S., van Donkelaar A., Al-Aly Z., Dellavalle R.P., Alam S., Martin R.V., Alam N., De Leo D., Tadakamadla S.K., Alam K., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Avila-Burgos L., Servan-Mori E., Denova-Gutierrez E., Rodriguez-Ramirez S., Morales L., Poznanska A., Wojtyniak B., Rivera J.A., Campos-Nonato I.R., Campuzano Rincon J., Sanchez-Pimienta T.G., Mengesha M.B., Welay F.T., Alema N.M., Demsie D.G., Teame H., Teklehaimanot B.F., Alemu B.W., Gultie T., Bante A.B., Yeshitila Y.G., Geramo Y.C.D., Glagn M., Sorrie M.B., W/hawariat F.G., Amare A., Kasa A., Alemu Y., Mihretie K.M., Atnafu D.D., Demeke F.M., Melese A., Bante S.A., Dessie G.A., Mengesha E.W., Nigatu D., Almadi M.A.H., Alhabib K.F., Mohammad Y., Altirkawi K.A., Temsah M., Kugbey N., Ayanore M.A., Alhassan R.K., Ali M., Ali S., Alicandro G., Kalhor R., Alijanzadeh M., Alinia C., Yusefzadeh H., Didarloo A., Alizade H., Nikpoor A., Aljunid S.M., Alla F., Leal L.F., Almasi-Hashiani A., Moradzadeh R., Zamanian M., Nazari J., Amini S., Ghamari F., Almasri N.A., Khan M., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Bedi N., Alonso J., Ciber E.S.P., Al-Raddadi R.M., Zakzuk J., Alvis-Guzman N., Alvis-Zakzuk N.J., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Malagon-Rojas J.N., Gezae K., Gesesew H.A., Muthupandian S., Berhe K., Amare B., Ayza M.A., Gebreslassie A.A.A., Bitew H., Zewdie K.A., Tela F.G.G., Gill T.K., Noubiap J., Lassi Z.S., Bhandari D., Amit A.L., Antonio C.T., Faraon E.A., Lopez J.F., Atre S.R., Ballew S.H., Matsushita K., Khoja A.T., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Ghadimi M., Shafaat O., Fanzo J., Amugsi D.A., Amul G.H., Koh D.S.Q., Venketasubramanian N., Anbesu E.W., Mohammed J.A., Wondmeneh T.G., Andrei C., Negoi R.I., Davitoiu D.V., Manda A., Negoi I., Preotescu L., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Ancuceanu R., Hasan M., Leung J., Anderlini D., Mamun A.A., Maravilla J.C., McGrath J.J., Charlson F.J., Lalloo R., Uddin R., Erskine H.E., Knibbs L.D., Mantilla Herrera A.M., Santomauro D.F., Mirica A., Ausloos M., Herteliu C., Otoiu A., Pana A., Andrei T., Stefan S., Androudi S., Angus C., Ansari I., Pourjafar H., Shams-Beyranvand M., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Khammarnia M., Antonazzo I., Ferrara P., Conti S., Cortesi P.A., Fornari C., Lee P.H., Antriyandarti E., Yousefi Z., Rafiei A., Javidnia J., Faridnia R., Anvari D., Moosazadeh M., Rezai M., Daryani A., Fareed M., Anwer R., Appiah S., Paudel D., Dichgans M., Riahi S., Rajabpour-Sanati A., Arab-Zozani M., Arba A.A.K., Aremu O., Ariani F., Aripov T., Armoon B., Mahdavi M.M., Arowosegbe O.O., Tediosi F., Aryal K.K., Mosapour A., Yaminfirooz M., Arzani A., Bijani A., Jahani M.A., Mouodi S., Zamani M., Asaad M., Dianatinasab M., Bahrami M., Pakshir K., Asadi-Pooya A.A., Bayati M., Shahabi S., Athari S., Atout M.M.W., Atteraya M.S., Brugha T., Ausloos F., Avokpaho E.F.G., Room R., Islam M., Edvardsson D., Rahman M., Ayala Quintanilla B., Gething P.W., Briggs A.M., Ayano G., Hendrie D., Miller T.R., Azzopardi P.S., Hoogar P., B D.B., Kulkarni V., Kumar N., Mithra P., Shetty R.S., Thapar R., Padubidri J., Bakkannavar S.M., Nayak V.C., Rastogi P., Shetty B.K., Bhageerathy R., Gudi N., Boloor A., Holla R., Rathi P., Unnikrishnan B., Janodia M.D., Lang J.J., Badawi A., Orpana H.M., Bhutta Z.A., Shield K.D., Chattu V., Badiye A.D., Kapoor N., Bagherzadeh M., Rabiee N., Bagli E., Baig A.A., Bairwa M., Lodha R., Sagar R., Rath G.K., Bhardwaj P., Charan J., Kanchan T., Joshi A., Pakhare A.P., Bakhshaei M., Naghshtabrizi B., Balachandran A., Hoek H.W., Postma M.J., Geremew A., Gebrehiwot A.M., Balakrishnan S., Desalew A., Bojia H.A., Mohammed A.S., Regassa L.D., Parmar P.G.K., Balalla S., Roberts S., Baldasseroni A., Stokes M.A., Ball K., Islam S., Maddison R., Balzi D., Levi M., Banach M., Banerjee S.K., Banik P.C., Barua L., Faruque M., Barboza M.A., Barker-Collo S.L., Jonas J.B., Panda-Jonas S., De Neve J., Kohler S., Moazen B., Mohammed S., Barrero L.H., Basaleem H., Bassat Q., Haro J.M., Koyanagi A., Car J., Greaves F., Majeed A., Davis A.C., Steiner T.J., Kusuma D., Palladino R., Saxena S., Baune B.T., Karch A., Baye B.A., Darega Gela J., Kolola T., Becker J.S., DeLang M., West J., Gad M.M., Serre M.L., Gallus S., Lugo A., Beghi E., Pupillo E., Bosetti C., Giussani G., Bikbov B., Perico N., Remuzzi G., Imani-Nasab M., Nouraei Motlagh S., Sharafi Z., Behzadifar M., Bejot Y., Bekuma T.T., Yilma M.T., Bell M.L., Bello A.K., Rafiee A., Keddie S.H., Lucas T.C.D., Dolecek C., Dunachie S.J., Kraemer M.U.G., Rumisha S.F., Weiss D.J., Lewington S., Collins E.L., Nandi A.K., Zhao Y., Bennett D.A., Karim M.A., Lacey B., Khundkar R., Yaya S., Goulart A.C., Santos I.S., Bensenor I.M., Lotufo P.A., Tovani-Palone M.R., Castaldelli-Maia J., Furtado J.M., Benziger C.P., Berman A.E., Mazidi M., Bernabe E., Dargan P.I., Molokhia M., Shibuya K., Douiri A., Wolfe C.D.A., Hay R.J., Flohr C., Suchdev P.S., Ram P., Bernstein R.S., Liu Y., Bhagavathula A.S., Khan G., Grivna M., Bhala N., Chandan J.S., Gaidhane A.M., Quazi Syed Z., Saxena D., Khatib M., Bhat A.G., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Das J.K., Bibi S., Bilano V., Bin Sayeed M., Cherbuin N., D'Amico E., Grosso G., Borzi A.M., Biondi A., Vacante M., Valli A., Birihane B.M., Bisanzio D., Hassan S., Bjorge T., Overland S., Bockarie M.J., Mensah G.A., Sliwa K., Gholamian A., Bohlouli S., Esmaeilnejad S., Bohluli M., Bolla S.R., Borges G., Bose D., Bourne R., Brayne C., Breitborde N.J.K., Fisher J.L., Breitner S., Brenner H., Breusov A.V., Rakovac I., Briko N.I., Lopukhov P.D., Glushkova E.V., Korshunov V.A., Polibin R.V., Jakovljevic M., Briko A.N., Britton G.B., Castro F., Moreno Velasquez I., Burnett R.T., Burugina Nagaraja S., Busse R., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F., Cai T., Hall B.J., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camera L.A., Valdez P.R., Tudor Car L., Cardenas R., Gorini G., Carreras G., Fernandes E., Freitas M., Pereira D.M., Santos J.V., Ribeiro D., Pinheiro M., Massano J., das Neves J., Dias da Silva D., Carvalho F., Costa V.M., Silva J.P., Morgado-da-Costa J., Castelpietra G., Catala-Lopez F., Pakhale S., Cerin E., Yip P., Ho H., Chang J., Chang A.R., Chang K., Cooper O.R., Chaturvedi S., Chimed-Ochir O., Chirinos-Caceres J.L., Choi J.J., Christensen H., Truelsen T.C., Chu D., Kivimaki M., Chung S., Ward J.L., Chung M.T., Cirillo M., Virclo R., Classen T.K.D., Lauriola P., Corso B., Hugo F.N., Kieling C., Cousin E., Duncan B.B., Goulart B.N.G., Schmidt M.I., Stein C., Cowden R.G., MacLachlan J.H., Leigh J., Cross M., Ferreira M.L., Smith E.U.R., Driscoll T.R., Huda T.M., Hoy D.G., Horita N., Cross D.H., Dai H., Hu G., Damasceno A.A.M., Damiani G., La Vecchia C., Sanabria J., Pandey A., Mathur M.R., Zodpey S., Dandona L., Dandona R., Kumar G., Lal D.K., Hamagharib Abdullah K., Hosseinzadeh M., Darwesh A.M., Faraj A., Omar Bali A., Das Gupta R., Dash A.P., Davey G., Deribe K., Gebremedhin K.B., Wondmieneh A.B., Dereje N.D., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., Mereke A., Serdar B., Gebremeskel G.G., Haile T.G., Tadesse D.B., Weldesamuel G.T., Demoz G.T., Gebremeskel L.G., Woldu G., Handiso D., Dervenis N., Topouzis F., Desai R., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Emamian M., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Nguyen T.H., Vu G.T., Do H.T., Dokova K., Doku D.T., Neupane S., Takala J.S., Doxey M.C., Doyle K.E., Renzaho A.M.N., Ogbo F.A., Robinson S.R., Vukovic A., Ilic I.M., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Vujcic I.S., Dubljanin E., Vukovic R., Rasella D., Duraes A.R., Ebrahimi Kalan M., Effiong A., Pond C.D., Ehrlich J.R., Liu X., Wei M.Y.W., El Sayed I., El Tantawi M., El Sayed Zaki M., Elbarazi I., Tsai A.C., Elyazar I.R., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Eskandari K., Sharifi H., Halvaei I., Ghaffarifar F., Zaki L., Hasanpoor E., Esmaeilzadeh F., Etemadi A., Lan Q., Yeheyis T.Y., Etisso A.E., Ezekannagha O., e Farinha C.S., Farioli A., Violante F.S., Faris P.S., Mohammad D.K., Faro A., Lam J.O., Filip I., Fischer F., Flor L.S., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Franklin R.C., Fukumoto T., Gamkrelidze A., Kereselidze M., Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Lazarus J.V., Straif K., Ghiasvand H., Ghith N., Norrving B., Mehta K.M., Mohamad O., Salama J.S., Ghosh R., Giampaoli S., Gilani S., Hameed S., Hanif A., Rana S.M., Uthman O.A., Gill P.S., Gillum R.F., Ginawi I.A., Ginindza T.G., Tlou B., Tanser F.C., Gnedovskaya E.V., Kravchenko M.A., Piradov M.A., Golechha M., Goli S., Milne G.J., Schlaich M.P., Hankey G.J., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Goudarzi H., Rawassizadeh R., Grada A., Nsoesie E.O., Javaheri T., Rawaf S., Steel N., Gubari M.I.M., Gugnani H.C., Guimaraes A.L.S., Guimaraes R.A., Guled R.A., Senbeta A.M., Hashi A., Omer M.O., Yousuf A.Y., Gupta S.S., Gupta T., Gupta R., Haagsma J.A., Polinder S., Hachinski V., Stranges S., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tyrovolas S., Hasaballah A.I., Hassanipour S., Joukar F., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Jaafari J., Havmoeller R.J., Hayat K., Heibati B., Heidari G., Henok A., Moraga P., Sigfusdottir I.D., Phillips M.R., Hole M.K., Hollingsworth B., Hopf K.P., Hosgood H., Hossain N., Mai H.T., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Pham H.Q., Nguyen D.N., Househ M., Hsairi M., Lin R., Hsieh V., Hwang B., Hu K., Humayun A., Hussain R., Ibeneme C.U., Ikeda N., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal U., Islami F., Yamagishi K., Iso H., Iwu C.C.D., Jacobsen K.H., Jayatilleke A.U., Jeemon P., Jha R.P., Jia P., Osei F.B., Schutte A.E., Johansson L., Szocska M., Joo T., Jozwiak J.J., Jurisson M., Kabir Z., Roshandel G., Oladnabi M., Kalani H., Kassa G.M., Katikireddi S.V., Yamada T., Nomura S., Kawakami N., Kayode G.A., Kromhout H., Traini E., Kumar M., Keiyoro P.N., Muriithi M.K., Wamai R.G., Khader Y.S., Khalid N., Khan E.A., Khang Y., Khatab K., Khubchandani 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Abstract

Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Method(s): 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10-14 and 50-54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a B

Published
2020

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