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What strategies have been proposed to address (prevent) therapeutic misconception? How do these refer to main stakeholders: research subjects, investigators, institutional policies, advocacy communities Justification: “Therapeutic misconception” was originally described by Paul Appelbaum in 1982 and introduced as a bioethical issue in 1987. In general, it describes a subject’s perception that there is personal benefit from participating in research, followed by the subject’s denial of or inability to evaluate the disadvantages that stem from the nature of the research process itself. In the years since, theories about the causes of therapeutic misconception have centered on the physical, emotional, and mental state of the subject; education level and cognitive capacity; and information dissemination and informed consent practices. This systematic review looks at what strategies have been suggested to address therapeutic misconception, and to which of the major stakeholders they are directed: research subjects, investigators, institutional policies, or patient advocacy communities.

We will test how readers interpret conflicts between main clause and end placement based on "Fred and his dog" from Gopen 2004. Variations replace "but" with "although," and test a version where the good news and bad news are more equal: "Although Fred's an honest guy, he is often rude." This study aims to validate the core suggestions of Gopen 2004 and extend it for future comparison. Gopen, G. D. (2004). Expectations: Teaching Writing from a Reader's Perspective. United Kingdom: Pearson Longman.

Penelitian ini berhasil menemukan, menganalisis, dan menyusun ulang cerita legenda Kiai di Kota Pasuruan. Peneliti mengumpulkan berbagai cerita terkait Kiai dengan fokus penelusuran pada cerita yang bernilai didaktik. Peneliti mendatangi delapan situs penleitian berupa makam Kiai. Peneliti mendapatkan sepuluh judul cerita bermuatan konten didaktik. Selanjutnya untuk membuktikan bahwa cerita-cerita yang dikumpulkan memiliki muatan konten didaktik, peneliti menganalisis isi cerita dengan pendekatan analisis konten. Analisis konten dilakukan untuk membuktikan keberadaan konten didaktik berupa penggambaran nilai baik-buruk, moral, dan sanksi. Dari hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa cerita legenda Kiai dalam budaya lisan masyarakat santri Kota Pasuruan memuat konten didaktik terkait nilai-nilai normatif dalam masyarakat. Pandangan hidup masyarakat santri mengenai nilai baik-buruk, moral, dan sanksi dicerimkan dalam isi legenda Kiai untuk diteruskan sebagai pesan bagi anak-anak, generasi penerus mereka. Budaya lisan berupa cerita legenda Kiai ini telah menjadi “pembawa nilai normatif” yang menjadi karakteristik kearifan masyarakat santri. Sebagai produk akhir penelitian, peneliti melakukan penelitian pengembangan dengan pendekatan metode 4D (define, design, develope, and disseminate) untuk membukukan cerita legenda Kiai dalam bentuk cerita bergambar/ cergam bergenre cerita anak. Penyusunan cergam legenda Kiai bergenre cerita anak disusun dengan mengikuti karakteristik sastra anak dan dikemas dengan desain yang cocok untuk anak-anak.

An Holistic Approach to India’s particular TRIBE’s/ ADIBASI’s Culture, Heritage, Customs, Traditional Beliefs and Values, Practices, Cultural Development, Inter-cultural Facts; Intra-cultural facts, Language origin, Language Attitudes, Language Adoption , Value Maintenance, Cultural Maintenance through language, Language Technology and Future Perspectives of the Tribal community. Ethno-linguistics study on any Tribal community will be appreciated. The status of the community’s language and how they are dealing with a dominant language near them can be also be studied and included in your research work. Notwithstanding the above mentioned areas research papers, nearby thematic areas, are too welcomed.

Matthew Brauer interviews Moroccan contemporary artist Karim Rafi about postcolonial creation in the 2020s in "Sounding the State of the World.” Beginning with Rafi’s shift to remote performances during the COVID-19 pandemic, the discussion approaches confinement as just the latest in a series of crises in North Africa and the world. The repeated experience of crisis opens a conversation about the contemporary experience of time, broached in relation to modern Moroccan art history, which emerged from and against the conservative institutions of the French Protectorate (1912-1956). The interview touches on a range of distinctive concerns in Rafi’s art practice, from sound installations to gardening, which he brings together in multimedia performances and hypermedia objects that register the cultural and political forces shaping art in the 2020s, while reactivating their radical potential for relation apart from capitalist commodification.

In her article, “Incendiary Devices: Imagining E-Waste Frontiers and Africa’s Digital Futures,” Treasa De Loughry focuses on different visual responses to e-waste in West Africa, from eco-documentary film and photography responses to the infamous Agbogbloshie e-waste yard in Ghana; to techno-utopian visions of e-waste bricoleurs, and e-waste as a signifier and artefact of the neocolonial nature of the capitalist world-ecology. The first half of this article focuses on Florian Weigensamer and Christian Krönes’ documentary film, Welcome to Sodom (2018), grounding it in critiques of the transmedial influence of the documentary form, while attending to the film’s pyrotechnical “optical regime” (Schoonover). The second half of the article moves from the archaic and exceptionalizing nature of Weigensamer and Krönes’ work to a consideration of futurist digital narratives of “rising Africa,” among them the periodic re-emergence of the post-SAP era (e-waste) bricoleur, contrasted with Francois Knoetze’s experimental visual art films Core Dump (2018-2019), and its richly historicized approach to the longue durée of African resource extraction. High-tech waste, as demonstrated by these examples, is a resource opportunity and toxic hazard, a result of rapid obsolescence, and a signifier of future resource depletion. It requires consideration not just of its “techno-fossil” materiality, but how it draws on key aspects of the transformation of the world-ecology, among them the neoliberal intensification of precarious labor, the expansion of specialized peripheral mega-dumps, and the recursive nature of waste’s value in an era of ecological scarcity. It is within this broader framework that this article seeks to place and interrogate contemporary e-waste depictions.

In their article, “Conjunctures, Commodities, and Social State Marxism,” Stephen Shapiro discusses our current moment as the conjuncture of three temporalities: a secular trend of centrist liberalism, a Kress cycle of managerial capitalism, and three Kondratieff waves. These can be understood by the addition of implied terms in Marx’s advanced discussion of the commodity-form through an approach that Shapiro calls Social State Marxism.

In “Literature and Economy in Portuguese-speaking Southern Africa”, Thomas Waller offers a comparative reading of literary responses to neoliberalization in Portuguese-speaking southern Africa. Reading the proliferation of spectral effects in the Mozambican literature of the late 1980s alongside dystopian depictions of societal collapse in contemporary Angolan fiction, he suggests that writers in the two states have used distinctive aesthetic idioms to register the reintegration of southern Africa into the neoliberal world-system. In the fiction of Mozambican writers Aldino Muianga and Aníbal Aleluia, he shows how the legacy of colonial underdevelopment and its role in the transition to neoliberalism in Mozambique is figured at the level of form through spectral and broadly gothic aesthetic strategies that intimate the rise in class tensions attendant on the establishment of a new national bourgeoisie. In Angola, similarly, he reads speculative novels by Pepetela and José Eduardo Agualusa as literary responses to the ecological fallout of the heightening of capitalist extractivism that has accompanied the transition from Afro-Marxism to free market capitalism in post-independence Angola. In this way, Waller shows the extent to which literary production in Mozambique and Angola has been used in an attempt to register and critique the trajectory of neoliberal politics in southern Africa and its systemic relation with the restructuring of political economic parameters across the globe.

The topical book Wuhan Diary, authored by the Chinese writer Fang Fang during the COVID-19 lockdown of Wuhan, is not so much a diary as a “becoming-diary,” given its performative practices. Wuhan Diary’s emphasis on the individual or private nature of its writing activity is attributable to its characteristic realistic conception of authenticity, which resulted historically from the humanist trend within Chinese literature in the 1980s as a significant element of post-socialist realism. Insofar as Wuhan Diary claims an overarching authorship that does not cohere with—or is, indeed, utterly subverted by—its textual complexities, it can be interpreted as a dual allegory of neoliberalism. In 2020, when the established pattern of globalization was in crisis and the post-Cold War state of affairs seemed unprecedentedly unstable, the post-socialist realism implicit in Wuhan Diary proved ineffective in representing the epidemic, as well as in justifying, by its (mis)representation, the conditions that have contributed to the general crisis.

Swatie and Rashee Mehra discuss in their "Biopolitics in the Twenty-first Century: India and the Pandemic”, the rise of the biopolitical state in India in the 2020s. The article emphasizes the relevance of Michel Foucault’s work on biopolitics for the pandemic in India. The biopolitical governmentality of the Indian state operates at several levels to politicize ‘life itself’: racism (the notion that sections of the population are disposable), economics (the notion of privatization of care), and the logic of contagion (based on ideas of threat perception and risk). The article engages with biopolitics in the 21st century and looks at the relief work done by non-governmental actors such as NGOs, gurdwaras, unions, and individual citizen-volunteers, which points to the importance of community outreach. The authors use theoretical and media commentaries and the experiences of one of its authors in Delhi government relief work.

This article seeks to elaborate a map or cartogram based on a number of protests and social mobilizations that took place in different parts of the world -mainly in Latin America, but also in Europe and Asia. Beyond the data and figures available from various sources, which never speak for themselves, an interpretation is proposed here to reveal the meaning of these events. In other words, by displaying a map of these social movements, the authors propose not only the visualization of a collection of data, but also an illumination of these events in the light of history. From there, the authors offer hypothetical predictions. These predictions allow the authors to consider the lessons that, sometimes, seem to be forgotten or are not learned yet.

In their article, “Beyond ‘Rising Tides’ and ‘Lying Flat’: Emergent Cultural Practices Among Youth in Urban China”, Diego Gullotta and Lili Lin examine how Chinese youth are positioned within the dominant culture, how young people appropriate space in their emergent cultural practices, and how they negotiate meaning-making. The article first analyses the rising tides (houlang) video, sponsored jointly by the state and the private sector, and argues that it reduces youth to a homogenous subject inscribed into the discourse of “China’s rise” (zhongguo jueqi) via emotional mobilization. The “lying flat” phenomenon represents young people’s negative response to this mobilization, yet it still falls into the dichotomous discourse of “positive/negative energy”. Moving beyond this discourse, the article provides three cases of emergent cultural practices among urban middle-class youth to explore to what extent can these practices, characterized by knowledge and fluidity, exceed the logic of the state and the market.

Even small, taken-for- granted words can have a strong influence on the pedagogical effect of a writing conference. In this study, we examined how experienced and trained writing center tutors’ use of the discourse marker so helped them to connect ideas and to manage their conferences with students. We examined the extent to which tutors’ use of six types of so varied according to the English L1 (EL1)/ English L2 (EL2) status of their interlocutor. We studied 26 conferences: 13 involved eight tutors working with 13 EL1 students, and 13 conferences involved eight tutors working with 13 EL2 students. We found that conclusion/ result so occurred most frequently in tutors’ conferences with EL1 and EL2 students and that prompt so was the only type that exhibited a significant difference in frequency of occurrence between the two groups, occurring more frequently in tutors’ talk with EL1 students. We focused our qualitative analysis on prompt so, finding that it served two main purposes. We argue that examining discourse marker so generates implications for tutor training and shows the importance of paying attention to the small, seemingly unimportant words that tutors use.

Graduate students writing dissertations often confront academic or personal issues that may cause them to lose momentum and stop progress on their dissertations. This workshop helped attendees to consider reasons why graduate students writing dissertations become stalled, to conceptualize what a program designed specifically to help stalled dissertators might look like, and to experience the process of creating methods and resources for such a program. Materials include hands-on activities and handouts that can be used to walk through the process of developing a writing support program for dissertators.

This article presents the Small Glossary of Anti-intellectualism, where the most common rhetorical strategies and themes of contemporary academic anti-intellectualism are commented on. Anti-intellectualism is as old as intellectual life itself. However, its contemporary version is historically and sociologically rooted in the very structure of modern culture industry. It is a manifestation of a now universal pseudo-culture (Halbbildung) which, according to Adorno, has become the “dominant form of contemporary consciousness.” Arthur Schlesinger said that anti-intellectualism has long been the anti-Semitism of the businessman; today, anti-intellectualism is certainly the antisemitism of several social and political groups, including academia itself—a fact which by the way might attest to how influential businessman-ideology is in our society. In recent years, education and research have undergone crucial changes that redefine their nature and their relation to society, feeding new forms of anti-intellectualism, which manifest in the vast penetration of managerial discourse in the institutions for higher education. But academic anti-intellectualism is also the result of the institutionalization of ideas, which are naturalized as commonplaces. The six entries of the Glossary that are presented in the final part of this article assume one of the most important tasks of the intellect: to break and open the narrow margins of ossified thought.

This essay aims to debate the evidence of an ethical-reparative function for literature and literary studies today. Therefore, it is divided into two fundamental moments, two argumentative channels that, without a totalizing intention, point out the general perspective of the current, changing, stuation. On the one hand, the literature of the 20th century is presented through the image of a supposed negativity or radical intransitivity, capable of “undoing the work” in its “aesthetics of suppression.” On the other hand, from an introductory debate around some of the places of transitivity envisioned for literature at the beginning of the 21th century, the literary is now conceived as an ethical-reparative field, responsible, among others, for “giving visibility,” “remembering,” “repairing damage,” “comforting,” etc. This transition results in a notion of growing discomfort in relation to social artifacts that, even in the artistic field, cannot be reconciled with a utilitarianism that cannot preserve anything intact, not even literature.

In their paper, “Identity Reconfigurations, Memory and Personal History in Norman Manea and Saul Bellow’s Spoken Book, ”Simona Antofi and Nicoleta Ifrim analyze the book of interviews Settling My Accounts Before I Go Away: A Words & Images Interview, a two-authored mirror-like writing in which two biographical courses and two scriptural identities engage in dialogue. Their aim is to define a double reading effect embedded into the self-oriented narrative: a collective history of the Jewish exile from the communist totalitarian space (Soviet and Romanian) towards the “promised land,” with literary, cultural and political insertions; then, the legitimation of an implicit “identity pilgrimage” of the two writers in dialogue, with peculiarities stemming from each one’s existential path, in permanent reference to dominant history. Aside from the latent "Jewish question," which subtextually directs the existential and cultural choices of the two writers-confessors, the intercultural dialogue with the European and American literary space also marks the becoming of some problematic identities projected onto the inside of their own “life stories.”

This study examined how English as a Second Language (ESL) and Writing program faculty at a professional liberal arts college partnered with faculty across the curriculum to help international students learn to write from sources and avoid unintentional plagiarism. Eight participants joined a series of action research professional development workshops. In these workshops, faculty focused on defining plagiarism in both academic and professional settings, designing culturally inclusive assignments, reviewing multilingual student writing, and talking to international students about plagiarism. By the time workshops concluded, participants had synthesized their work into a toolkit of best practices for addressing source-based writing in discipline-specific ways.Data collection relied on faculty (transcripts of interviews and workshops, reflective journals, syllabi, and other academic documents) and student sources (samples or drafts of assignments submitted in writing-intensive classes). Data analysis adopted a descriptive approach to investigating participants’ lived experiences in teaching international students about academic honesty and ethical use of sources. Participants felt they made progress in developing nuanced vocabulary to distinguish appropriate (effective) from inappropriate (ineffective) borrowing, in understanding institutional processes and pressures that helped or hindered their work with international students.Participants reported changing their pedagogy and assuming further responsibility for addressing source-based writing with international in appropriate and discipline-specific ways. They also recognized their work was far from done. Improving communication and shared governance, increasing accountability systems, and centralizing institutional research efforts all emerged as priorities. So did providing training for adjunct instructors. Workshop faculty were proud of what they achieved, but doubted if their efforts would be recognized or reciprocated by colleagues, international students, or the institution. The findings of this study suggest that professional liberal arts schools have much to gain from collaborative, action research-based professional development. Learning community workshops can be a force for positive pedagogical change. But such change will not take place overnight. Overseas enrollment in U.S. institutions of higher education continues to grow and diversify. Small, tuition-driven universities should embrace action research as a viable method of faculty development and a valuable means for fostering international student retention and achievement.

Given the culturally expansive nature of the American literary tradition of today, the question of the relevance of Robert Frost’s poetry to the poetry of contemporary Arab-American women writers is an issue worth digging into. Writing almost one hundred years ago does not make Frost’s poetry out of date. Frost’s poetry is as relevant to today’s America as it has been to the America of his days. And this can be ascribed to the multiplicity of perspectives he presents in his poetry as he examines crucial questions lying at the core of America’s “grand narrative of national development.” (Westover 2004: 216) Hence, the ambivalence which characterizes his national poetry. Reading Frost's representation of subjects crucial to the American history in light of the contemporary Arab-American women writers’ can yield a better understanding of the ambivalent standpoint he adopts in most of his national poems. To achieve that, the discussion will analyze, compare and contrast the statements Frost and five contemporary Arab-American women writers (Naomi Shihab Nye, Lisa Suhair Majaj, Suheir Hammad, Mohja Kahf and Nathalie Handal) make on the crucial questions of national identity, citizenry and cross-cultural existence in a number of their selected poems. What place does Frost’s ambivalence find in their poetry? And to what extent is it shared or rejected? These questions, amongst others, will be addressed in the current study with the aim of assessing the impact of Frost’s oeuvre on the poetry of contemporary American poets of Arab descents.

Middle Eastern violence and terrorism are not novel subjects in world cinema, especially American cinema. The Arab or Muslim other in these films is always presented as someone who epitomises a culture of violence, directed mostly against innocent civilians. Against the backdrop of Hollywood’s stereotypical representation of Middle-Easterners as advocate of indiscriminate terror and terrorism, Arab filmmakers have turned in recent years to the representation of terror and religious extremism. Paradise Now (Abu Assad 2005) and Horses of God (Ayouch 2012) address the controversial issue of suicide bombing with the same motivation: to examine the choice of suicide bombing within its immediate socio-economic and politico-religious milieu. Both works have raised eyebrows in the Arab world as well as in the West as to their unorthodox cinematographic representation of terrorism. For a reason. Both films tend to demystify the idea of martyrdom while still granting the suicide bombers their humanity.

The absence of female characters and their voices in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies (1954) has been previously examined. On the surface, this fiction focuses on the struggle and survival of a group of boys who are left alone on a Pacific island against the background of nuclear warfare. The only presence of women in the story seems to be the aunt via a boy’s narration. However, when approaching the fiction through the lens of ecofeminism, we can find a range of feminized entities which are metaphorically embodied in the natural surroundings of the secluded island. The boys’ interactions with these feminized creatures in nature showcase a master mentality prevalent in human-centered and male-dominated discourses, a problem many ecofeminists manage to redress. Investigating Golding’s Lord of the Flies from this angle, this paper discusses women’s subordination, men’s exploitation of nature, and the implications of reading Lord of the Flies from an ecofeminist perspective. I argue that an ecofeminist reading, which helps us complicate the interplay between men and women, women and nature, and the nature of patriarchal domination, contributes to our re-discovery of women’s voices underlying Lord of the Flies.