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In contrast to the thermodynamically unfavorable anodic oxygen evolution reaction, the electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (UOR) presents a more favorable thermodynamic potential. However, the practical application of UOR has been hindered by sluggish kinetics. In this study, hierarchical porous nanosheet arrays featuring abundant Ni‐WO3 heterointerfaces on nickel foam (Ni‐WO3/NF) is introduced as a monolith electrode, demonstrating exceptional activity and stability toward UOR. The Ni‐WO3/NF catalyst exhibits unprecedentedly rapid UOR kinetics (200 mA cm−2 at 1.384 V vs. RHE) and a high turnover frequency (0.456 s−1), surpassing most previously reported Ni‐based catalysts, with negligible activity decay observed during a durability test lasting 150 h. Ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations elucidate that the WO3 interface significantly modulates the local charge distribution of Ni species, facilitating the generation of Ni3+ with optimal affinity for interacting with urea molecules and CO2 intermediates at heterointerfaces during UOR. This mechanism accelerates the interfacial electrocatalytic kinetics. Additionally, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provides deep insights into the substantial contribution of interfacial Ni‐WO3 sites to UOR electrocatalysis, unraveling the underlying molecular‐level mechanisms. Finally, the study explores the application of a direct urea fuel cell to inspire future practical implementations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Abundant heterostructure interfaces are formed in CoFe/CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles on N,P-doped porous carbon. • Waste biomass tobacco derived electrocatalysts exhibit remarked bifunctional OER/ORR activity. • Rechargeable Zn-Air batteries with CoFe/CoFe 2 O 4 @PNC shows outstanding power density and durability. Bifunctional oxygen reduction/oxidation reaction (ORR/OER) electrocatalysts can be derived from waste biomass for implementing rechargeable Zn–air batteries, which not only turns waste into wealth, but also provides a novel approach for solving the energy crisis and promoting environmental restoration. Herein, heterostructured CoFe/CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles grown on waste tobacco-derived N,P-co-doped carbon (CoFe/CoFe 2 O 4 @PNC) are constructed. Benefiting from the accelerated electron transfer due to the synergistic effect of CoFe and CoFe 2 O 4 along with the enlarged active area owing to N,P-codoping, the CoFe/CoFe 2 O 4 @PNC electrocatalysts exhibit remarkable OER/ORR activity, reaching a half-wave potential of 0.86 V for ORR solution and driving 10 mA cm−2 by OER overpotential of 360 mV in 1.0 M KOH. Moreover, the zinc-air battery assembled with CoFe/CoFe 2 O 4 @PNC can reach a power density of 141.5 mW cm−2 and exhibit impressive durability for exceeding 300 h, which are superior to the power density and stability of zinc-air batteries assembled with precious metal-based materials. This work opens up new possibilities for preparing advanced ORR/OER catalysts for efficient Zn-based batteries. Waste tobacco derived N, P dual-doped porous carbons loaded with heterostructured CoFe/CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles are fabricated for efficient oxygen electrocatalysis and Zn-air batteries [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review systematically concluded the recent progress of g-C 3 N 4 composites for photocatalytic/electrocatalytic water splitting. Diverse synthetic methods were elaborately listed and their characteristics were also discussed. The diversified composites for different reaction systems were displayed by classification as well. [Display omitted] • Diverse synthetic methods of g-C 3 N 4 based composites are listed by classification. • The recent advances of g-C 3 N 4 based composites for photocatalytic water splitting are summarized systematically. • The distinct roles of g-C 3 N 4 in g-C 3 N 4 based composites for electrocatalytic water splitting are discussed in detail. • The bottlenecks and development prospects of g-C 3 N 4 based composites for water splitting are proposed. Photocatalytic and electrocatalytic water splitting are considered as fabulous approaches to produce hydrogen energy for promoting global energy transition. The g-C 3 N 4 exhibits great potential for both photocatalysis and electrocatalysis owing to the unique physiochemical properties like its suitable bandgap, tunable energy band position, outstanding structure stability, high nitrogen concentration, diverse morphologies, etc. But pure g-C 3 N 4 can only attain limited catalytic performance since it cannot satisfy the diversified requirements of the complex reactions, making it essential to develop and construct efficient g-C 3 N 4 based composites. In this review, diversified synthetic strategies of g-C 3 N 4 based composites are listed systematically and the characteristics of each strategy are discussed in detail. The design principles of g-C 3 N 4 based composites towards photocatalytic water splitting are elaborately summarized from the perspective of both half reactions and overall water splitting, which also deeply probe the relationship between structures and performances. And the development of g-C 3 N 4 based composites for electrocatalytic water splitting is comprehensively concluded with g-C 3 N 4 serving as active component and sacrificial precursor. The current challenges and opportunities of g-C 3 N 4 composites for photocatalytic/electrocatalytic water splitting are presented as well. This review will throw light on preparing outstanding g-C 3 N 4 based composites for realizing competent water splitting and other energy-related applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocarbon is an important metal-free catalyst for various applications including oxidative dehydrogenation and direct dehydrogenation reactions. The surface oxygen-containing groups of nanocarbon are regarded as active sites in oxidative dehydrogenation reaction. However, the active sites for direct dehydrogenation are still not totally clear. Herein, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are activated by different oxidation processes and thermal treatments, and used as effective catalysts for direct dehydrogenation of propane to propylene. The physicochemical properties of the oxidized MWCNTs are characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, N 2 sorption, Raman, TGA, TPD-MS and XPS techniques. It is revealed that the concentrations of the oxygen-containing groups could be well controlled by sequential acid oxidation and thermal treatment. The activities of these nanocarbon catalysts exhibit a good linear dependence on the number of carbonyl/quinone groups, confirming the active sites are C O groups on the surface of the MWCNTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Molecule docking was performed to locate the key residues of EcDXS. • Two revertants of EcDXS, H49QD427H and H49QD427 N were prepared and evaluated. • The residue D427 is crucial for acceptor substrate recognition and stereoselectivity of EcDXS. • Both (R)- and (S)-phenylacetocarbinol can be respectively prepared by the DXS mutants. 1-Deoxy- D- xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) is the first rate-limiting enzyme in the 2-methyl- D- erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) terpenoid biosynthetic pathway. To explore the active sites of the protein, we made a series of mutations to the key amino acid residues of Escherichia coli DXS including H49, R420, D427, and R478. The results show that several mutants including H49Q lose almost all their catalytic activity in DXP synthesis, but the double-point mutants H49QD427H and H49QD427 N recover 100 % activity of the wild type enzyme. The kinetic characterization displays that the affinity of the double-point mutants for pyruvate and D- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate only slightly decreases. We also assessed impact of the mutation on the oxidative decarboxylation activity of all the mutants. Despite the fact that H49QD427H and H49QD427 N get back the full activity with regard to DXP synthesis, their oxidase activity remains unrestored. Furthermore, we assayed the acceptor substrate spectrum of the mutants and the results show that a large portion of them catalyzes ligation between pyruvate and nitrosobenzene to form N-phenyl-N-hydroxyacetamide, whereas R420D, R420F, and D427H exhibit activity in connection of pyruvate and benzaldehyde to afford phenylacetocarbinol (PAC), with the first two mutants yielding (S)-PAC (yields 21 %-25 %, ee values 71–75 %) while D427H furnishing (R)-PAC (yield 41 %, ee value 91 %), implying the key role of D427 for the acceptor substrate recognition and the stereoselectivity of the enzyme. It is worth noting that this is the first report of DXS mutants that can recognize benzaldehyde as an acceptor substrate and generate both enantiomers of PAC. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of S-scheme heterojunction catalysts is promising for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production, but the conscious modulation of S-scheme charge transfer has remained largely underdeveloped. Herein, P and C modified Co 2 P/black TiO 2 S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst (Co 2 P/PC- b -TiO 2) is prepared by pyrolyzing a mixture of cobalt phosphonate and TiO 2 under H 2 atmosphere. The in situ formed P and C dopants can not only enhance the ratio of surface active O species to bulk O defects but also inhibit anatase-to-rutile phase transformation, thereby ensuring the high intrinsic activity. More importantly, the S-scheme heterojunction between PC- b -TiO 2 and Co 2 P is modified by the incorporation of P and C, wherein the intimately coupled heterointerface and strong internal electric field can accelerate charge separation and migration and optimize the available redox potential. Accordingly, Co 2 P/PC- b -TiO 2 displays dramatically ascendant photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance and outstanding stability. This study provides guidance for elaborately modifying S-scheme heterojunctions through heteroatom doping and heralds a new paradigm for engineering advanced heterojunction catalysts. [Display omitted] • S-scheme heterojunction modification strategy is performed on P,C-dual-doped Co 2 P/black TiO 2. • P and C dopants create high intrinsic activity, intimate heterointerface and strong internal electric field. • Modified S-scheme heterojunction accelerates charge separation and migration and optimizes available redox potential. • Co 2 P/PC- b -TiO 2 displays dramatically ascendant photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Al-doped Ni 2 P nanoflowers exhibit excellent HER, HzOR and hydrazine-assisted water splitting activity. • Al induced electron redistribution and intermediate energy optimization contribute to the enhanced activity. • An integrated system consisting of Zn-hydrazine battery and hydrazine-assisted water splitting driven by sustainable solar energy is proposed. Hydrazine-assisted water electrolysis emerges as a promising strategy to replace conventional device for effective hydrogen generation. Limited to the great difference of intermediate adsorption energy for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR), the design and fabrication of bifunctional catalysts is still a knotty challenge in industrial conditions. Herein, Al-doped Ni 2 P nanoflower architecture grown in-situ on nickel foam (Al-Ni 2 P/NF) is fabricated through the combination of hydrothermal process and subsequent phosphorization treatment. Ascribed to the redistribution of electron state and optimization of reaction intermediate energy induced by Al, Al-Ni 2 P/NF expresses distinguished bifunctional catalytic performance with ultralow potentials of −205 and 300 mV at 500 mA cm−2 for HER and HzOR, respectively. When integrated into hydrazine-assisted water splitting as both the anode and cathode, only 0.717 V is required to reach a large current density of 500 mA cm−2. Specially, a novel integrated system driven entirely by sustainable solar energy is proposed, generating energy-saving hydrogen and purify hydrazine-containing sewage simultaneously. This work provides an attracting and practical path for accelerating the development of hydrogen economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel (Ni)-based materials represent a compelling avenue as platinum alternatives in the realm of alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis. However, conventional nickel nitrides (Ni 3 N) have long been hindered by sluggish hydrogen evolution kinetics in alkaline environments, owing to inadequate adsorption strengths of both hydrogen and water molecules. Herein, a novel approach is presented involving the design of vanadium (V)-doped Ni 3 N/MoO x heterogeneous nanosheets (V-Ni 3 N@MoO x ), engineered to achieve optimized adsorption strengths for hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions (HER/HOR). Theoretical insights underscore the superior catalytic performance of this composite, attributed to a synergistic interplay between unique V doping and the heterointerfaced structure. This synergistic effect not only fine-tunes the electronic structure, establishing an optimal d band center to mitigate proton over-bonding, but also ameliorates the energy barrier through enhanced H 2 O dissociation capability. Consequently, V-Ni 3 N@MoO x manifests remarkable catalytic activities, evincing an overpotential of 56 mV at 10 mA cm -2 for HER and an exchange current density of 1.91 mA cm -2 for HOR in alkaline media. Notably, the stability assessment reveals the enduring performance of V-Ni 3 N@MoO x for HER/HOR, exhibiting no activity decay over extended operational durations. This study underscores the efficacy of heterogeneous interface modulation as a transformative strategy in designing Ni-based materials for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Hydrazine-assisted water electrolysis is a promising energy conversion technology for highly efficient hydrogen production. Rational design of bifunctional electrocatalysts, which can simultaneously accelerate hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)/hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) kinetics, is the key step. Herein, we demonstrate the development of ultrathin P/Fe co-doped NiSe 2 nanosheets supported on modified Ni foam (P/Fe-NiSe 2 ) synthesized through a facile electrodeposition process and subsequent heat treatment. Based on electrochemical measurements, characterizations, and density functional theory calculations, a favorable "2 + 2" reaction mechanism with a two-step HER process and a two-step HzOR step was fully proved and the specific effect of P doping on HzOR kinetics was investigated. P/Fe-NiSe 2 thus yields an impressive electrocatalytic performance, delivering a high current density of 100 mA cm -2 with potentials of - 168 and 200 mV for HER and HzOR, respectively. Additionally, P/Fe-NiSe 2 can work efficiently for hydrazine-assisted water electrolysis and Zn-Hydrazine (Zn-Hz) battery, making it promising for practical application., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Developing cost-effective and controllable technologies beyond traditional overall N 2 electrocatalysis is critical for the large-scale production of NH 3 through electrochemical N 2 reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions. Herein, the aqueous rechargeable Zn-N 2 battery, assembled by coupling the bifunctional cobalt phosphate nanocrystals-loaded heteroatoms-doped carbon nanosheets (CoPi/NPCS) as cathode electrocatalyst and the commercial Zn plate as anode with KOH electrolyte, was fabricated for the sustainable reduction of N 2 to NH 3 and power generation during discharge process. Benefiting from the desirable active components of cobalt phosphate nanocrystals and the synergistic effect between nanocrystals and carbon substrates, the CoPi/NPCS catalyst exhibits the enhanced NRR and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance in alkaline electrolyte. And the cobalt phosphates are confirmed as active components through the associative pathway toward NRR. When measured in the flow battery configuration with gas diffusion electrode by flowing N 2 during discharge, this CoPi/NPCS-catalyzed Zn-N 2 battery enables the high N 2 -to-NH 3 yield rate of 14.7 μg h -1 mg cat. -1 and Faradaic efficiency of 16.35% at 0.6 V vs Zn 2+ /Zn, which can be able to maintain stable in discharge processes during cycling tests. Moreover, the impressive power output of the peak power density of 0.49 mW cm -2 and the energy density of 147.6 mWh g zn -1 are still achieved by this Zn-N 2 battery, which are both higher than those of previously reported Zn-N 2 batteries. This work not only provides the guideline for the rational design of robust and active bifunctional NRR-OER catalysts but also develops a reasonable and promising technology for efficient electrochemical N 2 -to-NH 3 and power generation.

A new strategy has been innovatively proposed for wrapping the Ni-incorporated and N-doped carbon nanotube arrays (Ni-NCNTs) on porous Si with robust Ni-Si interfacial bonding to form the core-shell-structured NCNTs-Ni 2 Si@Si. The hierarchical porous silicon core was first fabricated via a novel self-templating synthesis route based on two crucial strategies: in situ thermal evaporation of crystal water from the perlite for producing porous SiO 2 and subsequent magnesiothermic reduction of porous SiO 2 into porous Si. Ni-NCNTs were subsequently constructed based on the Ni-catalyzed tip-growth mechanism and were further engineered to fully wrap the porous Si microparticles by forming the Ni 2 Si alloy at the heterojunction interface. When the prepared NCNTs-Ni 2 Si@Si was evaluated as the anode material for Li-ion batteries, the hierarchical porous system in the Si core and the rich void spaces in carbon nanotube arrays contributed to the remarkable accommodation of volume expansion of Si as well as the significant increase of Li + diffusion and Si utilization. Moreover, the Ni 2 Si alloy, which chemically linked the Ni-NCNTs and porous Si, not only provided good electronic contact between the Si core and carbon shell but also effectively prevented the CNTs' detachment from the Si core during cycling. The multifunctional structural design rendered the whole electrode highly stable and active in Li storage, and the electrochemically active NCNTs-Ni 2 Si@Si electrode delivered a high reversible capacity of 1547 mAh g -1 and excellent cycling stability (85% capacity retention after 600 discharge-charge cycles) at a current density of 358 mA g -1 (0.1 C) as well as good rate performance (778 mAh g -1 at 2 C), showing great potential as an efficient and stable anode for high energy density Li-ion batteries.

On the design of efficient and affordable electrocatalysts for water reduction half reaction, this paper fabricates molybdenum carbide nanoparticles uniformly loaded in highly porous N-doped carbon matrix derived from polyaniline-molybdate monolith with the use of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) as template. The obtained molybdenum carbide-carbon hybrid catalysts (MoC@NCS) exhibit extraordinarily electrochemical hydrogen evolution activity with a small overpotential of 89 and 81 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm -2 in alkaline (1.0 M KOH) and acidic (0.5 M H 2 SO 4 ) medium, respectively, even comparable to noble-metal Pt/C benchmark. Specially, MoC@NCS also shows excellent long-term durability in alkaline or acidic electrolyte. Furthermore, the obtained carbon matrix (NCS) featuring high content of N dopants and hierarchically porous architecture exhibits high catalytic efficiency for oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyte. For a further step, the obtained NCS coupled with the MoC@NCS, working as anodic and cathodic electrodes, in a two-electrode alkaline electrolyzer for overall water splitting, which can obtain a current density of 10 mA cm -2 at 1.69 V, along with robust operation durability. The synergistic effect of the porous carbon matrix of high nitrogen content and the molybdenum carbide nanoparticles of uniform distribution, together with hierarchically porous structure, should be responsible for the outstanding electrocatalytic HER performance. This work presents an easy and cost-effective strategy to prepare molybdenum-based materials with controlled size for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

Developing high-efficiency electrocatalysts for both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is vital for the production of hydrogen on a large scale by electrocatalytic splitting of water. Herein, Fe-doped Ni(OH) 2 nanosheets directly grown on commercial Ni foam (FeNiOH/NF) were fabricated through a facile hydrothermal method in (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 aqueous solution containing iron salts. The integrated architecture with hierarchical pores is beneficial for exposing sufficient catalytically active sites and providing evaluated structural and electrical properties. In particular, the Fe-induced partial-charge-transfer greatly modifies the electronic structure of Ni(OH) 2 , which evidently promotes the electrocatalytic activity of the as-fabricated FeNiOH/NF for OER and HER. Thus, as an electrocatalyst for OER, FeNiOH/NF exhibits excellent activity with overpotentials of 271 and 318 mV to deliver current densities of 20 and 100 mA cm -2 , respectively, with a small Tafel slope of 72 mV dec -1 in 1.0 M KOH, demonstrating the very high level of novelty and sufficient improvement over the current state-of-the-art IrO 2 electrocatalyst. Most importantly, there is an increase in overpotential by only 23 mV during continuous reaction for over 20 h at an applied potential of 1.62 V to deliver current density of 500 mA cm -2 . The as-fabricated electrocatalyst also enables high HER activity with robust stability. Finally, an overall water splitting current density of 10 mA cm -2 can be obtained at a cell voltage of 1.67 V in a two-electrode alkaline electrolyzer using FeNiOH/NF as both anode and cathode, along with impressive operation stability. This development with significant over the state-of-the-art IrO 2 electrocatalyst can be widely extended to large-scale fabrication of versatile electrocatalysts for efficient water splitting technology.

Objective: To investigate the effect of transrectal ultrasound-guided microwave ablation of canine prostate tissue., Methods: Guided by transrectal ultrasound, we conducted microwave ablation on each side of the prostate in 12 male dogs, 6 at 40 W/ 120 s (group A) and the other 6 at 40 W/160 s (group B), and observed the changes in the thermal lesions using grayscale ultrasound. After thermal ablation, we measured the volume of the thermal lesions by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Then we harvested the whole prostate from the animals and determined the lesion volumes in the fresh tissue specimens., Results: Grayscale ultrasound revealed an echogenic area at the initiation of the microwave ablation procedure, which was enlarged with the increase of ablation time. At the end of the procedure, the lesions appeared as an irregular heterogeneous echogenic area. CEUS showed oval non-perfused areas, which appeared as well-defined non-echoic areas in sharp contrast with the surrounding normal prostate parenchyma with bolus injection of contrast material (Sonovue, 2.4 ml), and that the thermal lesion volumes of groups A and B were (1.18 +/- 0.23) cm3 and (1.52 +/- 0.23) cm3, respectively. The thermal lesions of the gross specimen exhibited an elliptical shape, pale color and clear margin, and their volumes were (1.13 +/- 0.20) cm3 and (1.48 +/- 0.20) cm3, respectively, in groups A and B., Conclusion: Different combinations of time and power can produce coagulative necrotic lesions of different volumes in the local prostatic tissue. CEUS can accurately manifest the lesion area and thus avoid excessive or inadequate ablation treatment.

Objective: To observe the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation and explore the signaling mechanism involved., Methods: MSC culture was performed following the classical whole bone marrow adhering method. The characteristics of MSC were identified by induction of multi-lineage differentiation and flow cytometry for surface marker analysis (CD34, CD45, CD29, and CD90). Following the addition of 50 nmol/L wortmannin, 50 µmol/L PD98059, 30 µmol/L SB203580, 10 µmol/L H89, 20 µmol/L Y27632, 1 µmol/L rapamycin, 10 µmol/L straurosporine, 6 nmol/L Go6976, or 50 µmol/L Pseudo Z inhibitors in the cell culture, the MSC were treated with 20 ng/ml VEGF and the changes of the cell proliferation rate was measured with MTT assay., Results: Cultured MSC were capable of multi-linage differentiation and did not express VEGF-R, CD29 or CD90. Treatment with 20 ng/ml VEGF obviously promoted MSC proliferation, and this effect was inhibited partially by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor rapamycin, PD98059, SB203580, Go6976, and straurosporine., Conclusions: VEGF promotes MSC proliferation in close relation to the AKT-PKC pathway, in which PKC signal pathway may play the central role.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and safety of ultrasound-guided transrectal microwave ablation in reducing the prostate volume., Methods: Ultrasound-guided transrectal microwave ablation of both sides of the prostate was conducted on experimental dogs with the output volume of 30W for 120 seconds. The dogs were sacrificed on the very day of the ablation, and the prostate and its surrounding tissues were excised for observation of the thermal lesions and pathological examination., Results: A total of 12 thermal lesions were achieved on the two sides of the prostate. The ultrasonogram manifested dense echo and increasing extent in the ablated area, and then an irregular heterogeneous echogenic area and clearly differentiated margin. Pathological examination of the gross specimen showed a little stagnant blood under the rectal mucous, the urethra and bladder not injured, and the thermal lesions elliptical, clearly margined and with the mean size of (0.94 +/- 0.30) cm3., Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided transrectal microwave ablation of the prostate can effectively cause coagulative necrosis of the local tissue without inflicting thermal injury upon the surrounding tissues. Conventional grayscale ultrasound can give a real-time'display of the extent of thermal lesion and the whole process of the ablation.

Objective: To study the prognosis of fibroid after ultrasound-guidance percutaneous microwave ablation (PMAUF)., Methods: From Mar. 2007 to Jul.2010 forty uterine fibroids in forty patients with symptoms which were diagnosed in our hospital accepted PMAUF. One day after treatment blood supply within the fibroid was evaluated, by enhanced MRI. The size of fibroid was measured by ultrasonography in one year with 3 months interval, the monthly menstrual of patient was followed and the mass discharge through vagina were collected for pathological examination., Results: Among the 40 fibroid nodules, 22 are intramural fibroids, 15 subserosal fibroids and 3 submucosal fibroids. The baseline mean diameter of the fibroids ranged from (3.7 to 9.0) cm, with an average of (6.4 ± 1.5) cm. The mean volume ranged from (14.6 - 341.1) cm(3), with an average of (140.1 ± 87.4) cm(3). Three months after treatment, the anechoic zone was observed within the ablated nodules and disappeared in six to seven months. the echo of ablated zone keep higher than the surrounding tissue, whereas the size of fibroid shrank significantly. Meat tissue was discharged from vagina in 8 patients (2 cases of submucosal fibroids, 6 cases intramural fibroids) in the period of menstrual in 1 - 8 months after ablation. The largest dimension of the discharge was 2.1 cm. Pathological examination confirmed the discharges as necrotic fibroid. The patients with subserosal fibroid had no discharge of necrotic tissue. The fibroid shrink rate was higher in the patients with vaginal discharges than that without vaginal discharges (P < 0.01)., Conclusions: After PMAUF necrotic tissue of submucosal and intramural fibroids can be discharged through vagina, liquefaction in the center of subserosal and intramural fibroids may occur and be absorbed gradually, that may be the main reasons for fibroids reduced significantly or disappearance.