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Objective: The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding the effect of root coverage procedures on tooth survival and periodontal outcomes. Data sources: A systematic search of the literature was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. A PICO-based search strategy was performed in six databases. Eligibility criteria included studies comparing tooth survival and periodontal outcomes of teeth treated with root coverage procedures versus teeth that had no treatment. The search resulted in 3,646 articles; 212 articles were downloaded for review, and six articles (three studies) were included. Only a single study reported on tooth survival and found no difference between teeth that underwent root coverage procedures versus those that did not. Although the surgeries described in each study were mostly successful in reducing recession and increasing keratinized gingiva, teeth which did not undergo surgery did not seem to have a clinically significant change in recession. The study with the longest follow-up (18 to 35 years) showed an average increase in recession of 0.5 ± 0.9 mm and a decrease in keratinized tissue of 0.3 ± 0.8mm in the control group. Conclusion: This systematic review highlights the need for randomized controlled trials to assess the influence of root coverage surgeries on tooth longevity in order to better inform evidence-based practice. When compared to no surgical intervention, there is presently no evidence to suggest that root coverage surgeries increase tooth longevity. Furthermore, the amount of recession does not appear to increase a clinically significant amount over time without surgical intervention in the presence of proper maintenance and home care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

with the introduction of the euro as the domestic currency, economies have faced inflationary pressures caused by price convergence towards higher levels. During the last period of significant negative shocks from the environment, by entering the euro area, the negative effects of the likelihood of inflation caused by the introduction of the euro may be absent.

Introduction:To define the characteristics of infantile esotropia and evaluate the results of bilateral medial rectus recession in infantile esotropia.Methods:A retrospective review was performed on medical charts of patients diagnosed with infantile esotropia. All patients underwent an ophthalmological examination to detect the conditions that accompany infantile esotropia. Patients with two years of age or older and without fixation preference or amblyopia underwent bilateral medial rectus recession.Results:There were a total of 117 patients with infantile esotropia patients. Infantile esotropia was accompanied by inferior oblique hyperfunction, fixation preference, cross-fixation, pseudoabduction deficit, pattern deviations, nystagmus, dissociated vertical deviation, convergence insufficiency, and abnormal head position. Approximately forty percent of the patients compatible with visual acuity measurements had amblyopia. Bilateral medial rectus recession decreased the mean esotropia from 43.1±15.3 to 7.8±12.8 prism diopters (PD) in 65 patients. Postoperatively, 41 patients had an ocular alignment within 10 PD of orthotropia, 22 patients showed undercorrection and 2 overcorrection.Conclusion:The characteristics of infantile esotropia in our study are substantially consistent with those of early reports, except for convergence insufficiency. This study also showed that bilateral medial rectus recession appears to have a high percentage of undercorrection in short-term postoperative follow-up in infantile esotropia.

Background: The economic effects of wars and recessions can have significant impacts on consumer attitudes and behaviors. Understanding how these attitudes and behaviors change impacts during challenging economic times is crucial for financial education and management. Methods: A survey was conducted to investigate the financial attitudes and behaviors of individuals during a recessionary period. The survey was distributed from January 15th to February 28th, 2023 and included questions about age, financial education level, savings behavior, attitudes towards debt, gender and financial management behavior, age and financial education, and income and savings behavior. Data were analyzed using t-tests and ANOVA. Results: Participants with higher income levels had higher levels of savings and investing behaviors than those with lower income levels. Participants with a higher level of formal education in finance had higher levels of budgeting and investing behaviors than those with a lower level of formal education in finance. Additionally, participants who reported higher levels of self-rated financial knowledge had higher levels of all financial management behaviors (budgeting, saving, investing, and debt management) compared to those with lower self-rated financial knowledge. Conclusions: The findings suggest that financial education and management programs should target individuals with lower income levels and less formal education in finance. Additionally, promoting self-rated financial knowledge may be a useful strategy for improving financial management behaviors. Future research could explore the effectiveness of different financial education and management programs on improving financial attitudes and behaviors during recessionary periods.

This article compares the impact on libraries and library services of the COVID-19 pandemic with past economic crises. In order to respond proactively to the current crisis, the author proposes significant paradigm shifts for the role of public libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russia's Ukrainian conflict is not only a concern internationally but also a problem for the international market due to the threat of a food and energy crisis Moreover, the two countries are the world's largest producers and exporters of oil gas, and wheat. This resulted in a global recession, which was characterized by a decrease in economic activity, increased inflation, and weak economic growth. The threat of economic recession hits various countries because they cannot pay production costs and tend to have layoffs while increasing the national unemployment rate. This paper offers the instrument of Islamic philanthropy (Ziswaf) the means to deal with a global economic recession. Social funds (Ziswaf) are widely used for humane programs, especially for the economically weak, both consumptive and productive. This paper uses a narrative method of quantifiable research with literature obtained from books, newspapers, and other information media. In the paper, evidence of previous research will also be given as evidence that Ziswaf can become a strategy as well as a solution to face the 2023 economic recession. Moreover, if the Ziswaf funds are distributed properly and fairly, undoubtedly the unemployment and poverty rates are easily overcome.

Resumo Objetivo: Este estudo busca conceber um modelo integrado de concepções para pesquisas de resiliência organizacional ante período de crise econômica e sintetizar estratégia para abordagem empírica. Originalidade/valor: Ao reconhecer as recessões econômicas como eventos de crise, exógenos e recorrentes, que desafiam a trajetória evolutiva do ambiente de negócios e a capacidade adaptativa das firmas, este es-tudo se debruça sobre convergências de campos científicos para unificar ciclo de negócios com características e dinâmicas empresariais heterogêneas sob a perspectiva de resiliência. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Inicialmente, conduzimos revisão sistemática da literatura sobre “gestão do ciclo de negócios” e “resiliência organizacional”. Na sequência, usamos várias combinações e variações dos termos “crise econômica” e “resiliência”, acrescidos de “gestão” e “desempenho”, para ampliar a base de referências a partir de publicações em indexadores relevantes. Assim, mediante pesquisas de autores de diversas áreas do conhecimento, as proposições aqui levantadas se fundamentam na assimilação abrangente e transversal de saberes relativos ao contexto de crise econômica e de dinâmica adaptativa das organizações. Resultados: Este trabalho organiza e concilia convergências de campos científicos em um modelo integrado de concepções para estudo de resiliência organizacional ao longo dos ciclos de negócios, e, ainda, sintetiza a estratégia de pesquisa com três segmentos de análise para abordagem empírica. Assim, os achados cooperam com diversos fluxos de pesquisa que se voltam às adversidades enfrentadas pelas organizações em períodos de recessão e oportunizam amplo prisma de análise, com significativo espaço para explorar a vinculação de atributos e ações que favorecem ou prejudicam o alcance de desempenho resiliente ante período de crise econômica. / Abstract Purpose: This study seeks to design an integrated model of concepts for research on organizational resilience in a period of economic crisis and synthesize strategy for an empirical approach. Originality/value: By recognizing economic recessions as crisis events, exogenous and recurrent, that challenge the evolutionary trajectory of the business environment and the adaptive capacity of firms, this study focuses on the convergence of scientific fields to unify the business cycle with characteristics and heterogeneous business dynamics from the perspective of resilience. Design/methodology/approach: Initially, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on “business cycle management” and “organizational resilience.” Next, we used various combinations and variations of the terms “economic crisis” and “resilience,” plus “management” and “performance” to expand the base of references from publications in relevant indexes. Thus, through research by authors from different areas of knowledge, the propositions raised here are based on the comprehensive and transversal assimilation of knowledge related to the context of economic crisis and the adaptive dynamics of organizations. Findings: This study organizes and reconciles convergences of scientific fields in an integrated model of concepts for studying organizational resilience throughout business cycles and synthesizes a research strategy with three analysis segments for an empirical approach. Thus, the findings cooperate with several streams of research that focus on the adversities faced by organizations in periods of recession and provide a broad prism of analysis, with significant space to explore the linkage of attributes and actions that favor or hinder the achievement of resilient performance in the face of a period of economic crisis.

Background: The current situation from economic effects of war, as political uncertainty, geographic proximity,and the impact of new sanctions against Russia,has led to negative reactions in European stock markets.Previous research has shown that economic crises can have significant impacts on consumer financial behaviors and attitudes. Methods:The purpose of the study was to examine how consumer attitudes and behaviors change during periods of recession and to identify the implications for financial education and management during challenging economic times.Demographic data and financial management behavior data were collected from a sample 428 respondents.By examining consumer attitudes and behaviors during a recession,this study can provide insights into how financial education and management can be improved to support consumers during challenging economic times.A survey was conducted to investigate the financial attitudes and behaviors of individuals during a recessionary period from January 15th to February 28th,2023 and included questions about age, financial education level,savings behavior,attitudes towards debt,gender and financial management behavior,age and financial education, and income and savings behavior.Data were analyzed using t-tests and ANOVA. Results:Participants with higher income levels had higher levels of savings and investing behaviors than those with lower income levels. Participants with a higher level of formal education in finance had higher levels of budgeting and investing behaviors than those with a lower level of formal education in finance. Participants who reported higher levels of self-rated financial knowledge had higher levels of all financial management behaviors compared to those with lower self-rated financial knowledge. Conclusions:The findings suggest that financial education and management programs should target individuals with lower income levels and less formal education in finance. Promoting self-rated financial knowledge may be a useful strategy for improving financial management behaviors. Future research could explore the effectiveness of different financial education and management programs on improving financial attitudes and behaviors during recessionary periods.

A well-known stylized fact about the US labour market is the behaviour of the female-to-male unemployment gap over the business cycle – in downturns, female unemployment rises at a slower pace than male unemployment, which reduces the gap between the genders; in upturns, the reverse is observed: men's unemployment falls faster than women's, thus rendering the gap pro-cyclical. In this paper, we model the labour market under a Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides framework where the labour supply consists of women and men, who differ in their equilibrium (Nash) bargaining agreement over the match's surplus. We show that, in the presence of such asymmetry, a negative aggregate productivity shock leads to a pro-cyclical female-to-male unemployment rate gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines whether or to what extent San Francisco International Airport's (SFO's) purportedly high costs relative to other airports suppressed SFO's traffic demand and prolonged the recovery of passenger traffic in the period after the 11th September, 2001 terrorist attacks. A comparative analysis of the historical data shows that SFO's direct airport costs per enplanement (CPE) were higher than most other major airports in the post-9/11 period by a considerable margin, but that airport costs likely were not a significant factor in SFO's prolonged recovery. Airport costs likely did not affect airline profitability sufficiently to influence route and scheduling decisions, and it is unlikely that passenger demand was dampened by the pass-through of higher costs to airfares. This research suggests at best a tenuous relationship between airport rates and passenger activity, and at SFO the evidence does not suggest that an extremely high CPE relative to peer airports affected the pace of its slow return to pre-9/11 traffic levels. Rather, the slow return of traffic to SFO and its neighbour, Norman Y. Mineta San Jose International Airport (SJC), compared to the robust growth at Oakland International Airport (OAK) can be explained by traditional economic means. It also suggests that in a multi-airport region where each airport is somewhat specialised, an individual airport's over- or underperformance relative to its neighbours is more likely to be a function of economic geography than of any airport's rate-setting practices. If this conclusion holds true for other US airports, it emphasises the ability of airports to create capital plans and set rates and charges to make long-term investments in organic air traffic growth, ensuring that new entrant airlines have sufficient facilities to begin service and that existing airlines have sufficient capacity to grow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During periods of economic instability, women may suffer uniquely from economic stress compared to men. We examine stress effects from financial debts by gender with monthly national-level household data starting in 2006, going through the Great Recession in the U.S and into the recovery period. We find that women on average in the sample exhibit approximately 30% overall greater debt stress scores than men after controlling for income, debt levels and other socioeconomic variables. Underlying factors for both genders are examined, including impacts on job performance, family life and health. Sources of disadvantage for women and implied policy needs are explored. Our findings and their consequences are examined relative to economic circumstances for women that have been documented as a result of the pandemic-induced recession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community banks have a unique capacity to strengthen economic resilience by alleviating local firm credit constraints during economic downturns. We provide evidence that banking access and community bank market share affected both the county-level timing and duration of the Great Recession in the United States. Using the Cox Proportional Hazards and Heckman Selection models, we find that communities with a higher community bank market share are less likely to experience recession conditions, conditional on local bank health. This suggests community banks have unique institutional structures, allowing them to continue providing funds to firms through economic downturns. This research demonstrates that local financial institutions affect economic resilience, in particular the timing and duration of recession conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Business Administration & Social Studies is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Although the number of identified coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths has decreased, the repetitive crest-trough pattern of the spread of COVID-19 has yet to cease. The current situation may affect the mental health status of university students who are distracted in their academic and daily lives by the pandemic. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the determinant factors of the mental health status of Japanese university students before and in the middle of the 7th wave of the pandemic, one of the largest waves to be experienced in Japan. Method: A survey was administered to two groups of students during the recession period between the 6th and 7th waves (n = 156) and during the 7th wave of the pandemic (n = 97). Results: T-tests showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups in Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores, while the COVID-19 anxiety scores (p < 0.001) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) scores were significantly higher in the Pandemic period group (p = 0.011). The multiple regression model indicated that PSS scores were the only determinant of GHQ scores in the Pandemic period group. Discussion: The results indicate that stressful life events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and daily hassles, which are measured by the PSS, affect students' mental health differently. Therefore, the author submits that school counselors should provide counseling to students to reduce anxiety caused by daily hassles, during recession and pandemic periods. Students also require assistance with the reduction of stress and anxiety caused by daily hassles, regardless of the pandemic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Giuliano and Spilimbergo (2014) show that individuals who experienced a recession when young are more likely to favor redistribution in the short and long run. We revisit their analysis in three ways. First, we conduct a narrow replication in the General Social Survey and the World Values Survey; we successfully replicate the original results for outcomes that directly measure preferences for redistribution, but the results for other outcomes are less clear‐cut. Second, adding recent survey waves yields results similar to the narrow replication. Third, a wide replication in a different dataset (International Social Survey Programme) corroborates the original results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the importance of firm strategic management in the time of crisis, this study investigates Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) approaches to persistence during the international sanctions against Iran. Using data from a questionnaire of 486 firms between December 2019 and September 2020, we found that reducing research and development (R&D) expenditures, marketing costs and fixed/overhead costs and investing in information technology (IT) are positively related to firm persistence. Conversely, managerial decisions to reduce production and cut or freeze staff pay have negative and significant impacts on a firm's ability to persist during sanctions. Moreover, micro‐firms are more resilient than their small and medium counterparts. The findings also confirm that age has a significant and positive impact on firm persistence. Finally, the results show that having a business plan, access to finance and technology, owner education, export orientation, business networking and consulting services are the key drivers of withstanding pressure from sanctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Great Financial Crisis and the COVID‐19 pandemic have raised concerns about business cycles. In this paper, we examine the dynamics of past business cycles in CAEMC economies to infer the shapes of recessions and subsequent recoveries. We use annual GDP data covering the period 1960–2020 and non‐parametric approach. The main results are fourfold. First, recessions are, on average, long with a positive duration dependence relationship and the strength of recoveries is independent of the duration and the depth of the associated recessions. Second, recessions and recoveries are not all alike, meaning that history cannot be used as a guide for forecasting issue. Third, nearly 45% of the recessions and subsequent recoveries are V‐shaped, and the L, U and W patterns appear when governments are heavily indebted. Fourth, a regional cycle sometimes emerges. The results suggest a strengthening of the capacities of CAEMC states and a resilient supply chain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Parodontologie: die Zeitschrift für die Praxis (Berlin, Germany) is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper finds determinants for the end of U.S. economic expansions since 1960 using a binary variable approach. Different from previous studies, we specify a left‐hand side variable that is coded as one during the year prior to NBER dated recessions rather than during recessions. We thereby avoid confounding the occurrence of a recession with its length. We limit the sample by excluding recession periods and the recovery months during the subsequent expansions. This eliminates contamination of the conclusions by taking out observations for which subsequent recessions are unlikely. The resulting specification with the interest rate spread as a predictor outperforms the traditionally used equation and is robust against alternative specifications regarding the warning period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two recession-derivative indicators (RDIs) have been used extensively as forecast objects in business cycle prediction, viz. (1) the target variable takes value 1 if there is a recession starting exactly at a specific horizon in the future, and (2) the target variable takes value 1 if there is a recession starting any time over a specified period in the future. Using daily yield spread as an illustrative predictor, we formally and quantitatively compare the two RDIs using the receiver operating characteristics analysis. Over 1962–2021 covering eight NBER recessions, we find that generally the second RDI, ceteris paribus, will make the the predictor better performing. However, the first RDI can generate better-looking and more useful predictions under certain scenarios, depending on forecast horizon, recession duration and time profile of signals. We also consider a semiannual chronology proposed by Peláez (J Macroecon 45:384–393, 2015) and find that its performance is in the middle of the other two. Our analysis suggests that the choice of a particular RDI should be dictated by the needs of forecast user in a particular decision making context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparative empirical evidence for 22 OECD countries shows that country differences in cumulative mortality impacts of SARS-CoV-2 are caused by weaknesses in public health competences, pre-existing variances in structural socio-economic and public health vulnerabilities, and the presence of fiscal constraints. Remarkably, the (fiscally non-constrained) U.S. and the U.K. stand out, as they experience mortality outcomes similar to those of fiscally-constrained countries. High COVID19 mortality in the U.S. and the U.K. is due to pre-existing socio-economic and public health vulnerabilities, created by the following macroeconomic policy errors: (a) a deadly emphasis on fiscal austerity (which diminished public health capacities, damaged public health and deepened inequalities); (b) an obsessive belief in a trade-off between 'efficiency' and 'equity', which is mostly used to justify extreme inequality; (c) a complicit endorsement by mainstream macro of the unchecked power over monetary and fiscal policy-making of global finance and the rentier class; and (d) an unhealthy aversion to raising taxes, which deceives the public about the necessity to raise taxes to counter the excessive liquidity preference of the rentiers and to realign the interests of finance and of the real economy. The paper concludes by outlining a few lessons for a saner macroeconomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of this article is the public struggle over the establishment of the labor court system in Israel and the complex attitudes of the Histadrut, particularly in the 1960s. The conflict, I argue, was resolved in accordance with state policy and economic interests. At the time, the government's view of labor courts as a key mechanism in the settlement of prevalent collective disputes was shared by the political right and employers. This is consistent with another argument that the labor courts represented the government's policy of promoting a social-democratic welfare state model, affected by social-liberal thinking, or "post-socialist liberalism," as it was termed by Yehuda Sha'ari, one of the main promoters of the Labor Court Law. The resulting preference for adjudication over strike action engendered a powerful labor and social security mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of coronally advanced flap (CAF) versus tunnel technique (TUN) in covering isolated mid‐facial peri‐implant soft tissue dehiscences (PSTDs). Materials and Methods: Twenty‐eight participants presenting with isolated non‐molar implants exhibiting PSTDs were enrolled and randomized to receive either CAF or TUN, both with a connective tissue graft (CTG). The primary outcome of the study was the percentage of mean PSTD coverage at 12 months. Secondary endpoints included the frequency of complete PSTD coverage, changes in keratinized mucosa width (KMW) and horizontal mucosal thickness (MT), as assessed with transgingival probing, 3D optical scanning and ultrasonography, professional aesthetic evaluation and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs). Results: At 12 months, the mean PSTD coverage of the CAF and TUN groups was 90.23% and 59.76%, respectively (p =.03). CAF‐treated sites showed a substantially higher frequency of complete PSTD coverage (p =.07), together with significantly greater gain of KMW (p =.01), increase in MT (p =.02), volumetric gain (p <.01) and professional aesthetic outcomes (p =.01). Both interventions showed an improvement in patient‐reported aesthetics and a reduction of the anxiety related to the appearance of the implant compared to baseline, with the CAF group obtaining significantly higher scores (p =.03 for both PROMs). Conclusions: CAF + CTG resulted in superior PSTD coverage outcomes, greater gain in KMW and MT, and better PROMs than TUN + CTG for the treatment of isolated PSTDs (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03498911). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the gendered experiences of working class, nontraditional postsecondary students in the context of the Great Recession. Based on in-depth interviews with 75 students, and a longitudinal analysis of their academic transcripts 6 to 8 years later, we find that both men and women emphasized the importance of providing for their families. In the context of an economic downturn, interviewees were concerned about improving their job prospects with educational credentials to ensure greater financial stability. Yet whereas men focused primarily on financially providing for their families as their reason for enrolling in college, women emphasized both providing for their families and self-development. This blending of the perceived purposes of education suggests that women expressed a more complex, multifaceted understanding of their reasons for enrolling in education. This study has implications for not only the Great Recession but motivations for enrolling during other recessions, including the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Emerging Economies & Policy is the property of JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies & Policy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the global pharmaceuticals sector, India is a significant and rising player. In today's globalized economy, the main objective of every firm is to make profits and enhance the shareholders' wealth. In the global market, a number of companies among Indian pharmaceuticals have entered into Merger and Acquisition agreements. Mergers and acquisitions (M&As) are one of the mechanisms by which firms gain access to new resources and, via resource redeployment, increase revenues and reduction in costs. The objective of the study is to evaluate the Financial Performance of select pharmaceutical companies in the pre and post-merger period. For the present study, eight pharmaceutical companies listed under BSE involved in M&A activities in India after the recession period, i.e. after 2007, were chosen. The analysis is based on the various ratios which are compared between pre and post-event periods. Other statistical tools-Mean, Standard Deviation, Co-efficient of Variation and Paired 't' test have been used in this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examine the labor market recovery from the COVID-19 recession and test for effects of termination of pandemic unemployment insurance programs among 15–24-year-olds. We use data from the January 2016–October 2022 Current Population Survey. Using regression-based methods, we show that while 15–19-year-olds experienced a brisk, full recovery in labor market outcomes from the COVID-19 recession, the recovery was sluggish and incomplete among 20–24-year-olds, with some work outcomes lagging below pre-pandemic norms well into 2022. Termination of pandemic UI programs led to increased work hours and full-time employment among 20–24-year-olds but did not have these effects among 15–19-year-olds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Very recently, the three USA banks that failed this year 2023, Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), First Republic Bank (FRB) and Signature Bank, accounted for 2.4% of all assets in the banking sector. Still, most economists expect a recession in the second half of this year. They estimate the USA Fed's high interest rates eventually will be felt more profoundly by consumers and businesses. A significant number of steps have been taken by the federal government to boost confidence in the U.S. financial system appears to have contained a potential banking crisis after the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank. However, turbulence remains over possible spillover effects. It forecasts global finance from increased scrutiny by U.S. regulators and raises questions about the fitness of banks, financial markets around the world (Graeme. Sipa, March 15, 2023). Risk factors imposed on regulators, politicians and the media for confusing the public, supply chain disruptions about the safety of the USA banks and carried out that conditions might have worsened (Hugh. Son, May 06, 2023). The purpose of this paper is to get a better understanding of the turmoil that has affected the U.S. banking system for this year. While the main objective is to analyze the crisis as a whole, which affected several banks as stated previously, an emphasis will be placed on the Silicon Valley Bank (SVB). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Humanities Studies is the property of Zaporizhzhe State Engineering Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The effect of macroeconomic and geopolitical disturbances affects the safety of logistics chains in the environment of their operation. Determining the parameters of the security of the logistics chain in the period of disruption is considered an important economic problem due to the growing threats to the economic security of the country and, in particular, to the security of the logistics sector. Supply chains in Ukraine were initially disrupted due to the COVID pandemic and then the Russian invasion. These two major disruptions have had a significant impact on logistics in Ukraine, which is why this article aims to explore their impact on supply chain operations. Methods: The research comprises four main components: a bibliometric analysis employing the systematic literature review method, a statistical analysis of key macroeconomic indicators affecting the logistics sector in Ukraine and the global economy, survey research involving participants in supply chains, and a conclusion drawn from the analyses, addressing risks for the security of the supply chain environment. The bibliometric analysis aims to understand research trends and developments in the field, while the statistical analysis provides insights into economic factors impacting supply chains. The survey research offers valuable input from supply chain participants, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of their experiences. Finally, the conclusion draws implications from the analyses, identifying potential risks and proposing measures to enhance supply chain resilience and security. Results: The research results indicate that the disturbances analyzed not only affected the fluctuations of global GDP but also, with a certain delay, the global supply chains, indicating the deepening of differences in the logistics sector. Industries that rely on global logistics supply chains are found to be highly susceptible to changes in transformation flexibility and changes in the configuration of supply chain networks. It has been established that the consequences of the unrest in Ukraine have exacerbated the financial, humanitarian, food, energy, social, and value of life crisis. In terms of impact on the Ukrainian logistics sector, they have led, among others, to the weakening/breaking of logistic links, the lack of potential to fully use them during wartime, and the intensification of security threats. Conclusions: Among the logistics requirements, the safety and self-preservation function has become the most important. Therefore, an important task during wartime is to develop security mechanisms that ensure durability and efficiency, as well as operational and integrated supply chains with high adaptability to disruptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 crisis that hit the world and the United States has resulted in profound changes to our way of life. While this paper focuses on workers and economic effects, we note that the crisis is foremost one of a pandemic. The economic situation is a byproduct. There have been significant differences in countries’ policy responses to the pandemic, which in turn have led to important disparate economic outcomes. It is clear the U.S. Federal government’s abdication of responsibility in responding to the crisis has left far too many in peril, both economically and healthwise. The absence of a coherent national strategy has exposed and exacerbated long-standing racial and economic inequalities—again, both economically and healthwise. Fits and starts of economic activity continue to have feedback loops with the evolution of the virus. Public policy and investment will largely determine our rates of sickness, death and economic pain.It also warrants early emphasis that information contained in this paper of the profound economic devastation wrought by COVID-19 is neither a call for immediate business reopenings nor stimulus spending as traditionally understood. Comparing the current economic crisis with the Great Recession or any other contemporary recession shows that this crisis is categorically different. While attempts to return quickly to “business as usual” may have been desirable in previous downturns, employing such a strategy in the midst of a pandemic is more likely to be marked by mass death than by sustained economic inroads.Looking back at the economic recovery following the Great Recession, we see a prolonged period of sluggish growth and weak labor markets; it is clear that stimulus efforts did not go far enough as California endured 44 straight months of double-digit unemployment. The ideal approach to the current crisis, however, may ironically be a slow-recovery path—yet one with additional government relief programs that are large, sustained, flexible, and perhaps even radical, reflecting the gravity of the situation. Relief, more akin to economic survival packages, should keep families as close to whole as possible throughout the pandemic. Additionally, for those who remained on the job as well as those returning to work, enforceable mandated safety regulations are warranted, including workplace grievance procedures and safety boards that include worker voice; this is especially critical for the majority of workers who are not represented by unions.The coronavirus-induced downturn is not a recession per se, but instead is an economy intentionally stunted as a precaution against sickness and death. Maintaining a degree of economic suspended animation is required if we are to gain control of the pandemic to a degree that, in turn, will allow a safer return of the economy. This will require large and ongoing amounts of government spending. The country is struggling with the question of whether the shutdown is worth the economic damage. It is worth asking, however, if avoidable loss of life is an acceptable cost of returning to the status quo—especially in a country with vast wealth and means to avert such suffering. We move to our economic analyses of the workforce with deep acknowledgment and gratitude to all of the workers who have sacrificed, and continue to sacrifice, so much in the face of this crisis.

Local fiscal policy shocks propagate between labor markets through the trade in intermediate goods used in final production. Through this channel, each $1 of local aid from the 2009 Recovery Act increased output by $1.33 in the rest of the country over two years, in addition to its local state-level effect of $1.46. Combining both the local and spillover effects, absent other offsetting forces, the implied aggregate multiplier from the Recovery Act was approximately 2.8. A sectoral decomposition of the direct and spillover effects is consistent with the spillover effects being mediated through the trade in intermediate goods.

Pressured by financial difficulties and the relatively low income from participating in the labour market, many seniors become insolvent. In this article, we analyze the financial situation facing Canadian seniors who have accessed the insolvency system due to a deterioration in their socio-economic and financial conditions, particularly since the 2008 economic crisis. Using federal statistical data, we observed that seniors who used the insolvency system during the recession period were more indebted than those who accessed it before, and less indebted than those who accessed it after the recession.

Objectives: The current research was conducted to evaluate the use of a diode laser and a bone graft (hydroxyapatite [HA] + β-tricalcium phosphate [β-TCP]) in healing of intrabony defects. Materials and Methods: In this split-mouth evaluation, 40 patients with bilateral intrabony defects were treated with, Group I (control) - bone graft alone (HA + β-TCP) and Group II, (test) - bone graft with a diode laser. The clinical and radiologic parameters of all patients, such as plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI), gingival recession (GR), and relative clinical attachment level (RCAL) were recorded at baseline, after 3 months and after 6 months. Results: Reductions in PI, PD, GI, GR, and RCAL were found after 6 months. Furthermore, significant differences were displayed in the intra-group comparison while those of the inter-group evaluation (P > 0.05) were insignificant. Conclusion: In both groups, considerable decrease in intrabony pockets was discovered; however, the inter-group comparison was insignificant in relation to GR and RCAL.

Orthodontic therapy is becoming a mainstay for the correction of esthetic and functional disturbances in both young and older adults. Orthodontic forces act on the periodontium and can have wide-ranging effects, from beneficial to harmful, from being a hindrance to oral hygiene maintenance to causing irreversible periodontal breakdown. In some patients, the presence of periodontal conditions like gingival recession, before start of orthodontic therapy, raises many questions. Much controversy and confusion exist regarding the need for periodontal therapy, its sequencing, especially in case of recession in a young patient who needs orthodontic therapy. An interactive, interdisciplinary approach is essential in such cases for success. This case report illustrates the interdisciplinary management of a young patient with gingival recession with an eight-year follow-up of the case.

Background: The current situation from economic effects of war, as political uncertainty, geographic proximity,and the impact of new sanctions against Russia,has led to negative reactions in European stock markets.Previous research has shown that economic crises can have significant impacts on consumer financial behaviors and attitudes. Methods:The purpose of the study was to examine how consumer attitudes and behaviors change during periods of recession and to identify the implications for financial education and management during challenging economic times.Demographic data and financial management behavior data were collected from a sample 428 respondents.By examining consumer attitudes and behaviors during a recession,this study can provide insights into how financial education and management can be improved to support consumers during challenging economic times.A survey was conducted to investigate the financial attitudes and behaviors of individuals during a recessionary period from January 15th to February 28th,2023 and included questions about age, financial education level,savings behavior,attitudes towards debt,gender and financial management behavior,age and financial education, and income and savings behavior.Data were analyzed using t-tests and ANOVA. Results:Participants with higher income levels had higher levels of savings and investing behaviors than those with lower income levels. Participants with a higher level of formal education in finance had higher levels of budgeting and investing behaviors than those with a lower level of formal education in finance. Participants who reported higher levels of self-rated financial knowledge had higher levels of all financial management behaviors compared to those with lower self-rated financial knowledge. Conclusions:The findings suggest that financial education and management programs should target individuals with lower income levels and less formal education in finance. Promoting self-rated financial knowledge may be a useful strategy for improving financial management behaviors. Future research could explore the effectiveness of different financial education and management programs on improving financial attitudes and behaviors during recessionary periods.