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Plumularia conjuncta Billard, 1913 (Fig. 15; Table 8) Plumularia insignis var. conjuncta Billard, 1913: 49, figs. 42���43; Bedot, 1921: 28; Van Pra��t, 1979: 925. Material examined. Plumularia insignis var. conjuncta , Holotype, ZMA. COEL.P.4051, Siboga Expedition St. 95. Sulu Islands, 5��43.5��� N, 119��40���E, 522 m, 26-06-1899: fragment 5 mm high, without gonothecae. Schizoholotype, MNHN-IK-2012-16033, Siboga Expedition St. 95. Sulu Islands, 5��43.5��� N, 119��40���E, 522 m, 26-06-1899, one slide: L.1284, fragment of holotype, 1.5 mm long, with one hydrocladium and a detached hydrocladium; without gonothecae [reported as ��� paratype ��� by van Pra��t (1979): 925]. Distribution. The species is known only from the type locality, in the Sulu Islands, Indonesia, at a depth of 522 m. Description. The holotype consists of a 5 mm fragment deposited in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden (alcohol); the schizoholotype slide at the MNHN is a small piece of the same axis, with two hydrocladia. Fragment of main axis or branch, probably apical, not divided into internodes, with eight apophyses directed alternately left and right in same plane; one nematotheca between two consecutive apophyses. Apophyses with two axillary nematothecae and with one well-developed mamelon on upper part. Hydrocladia with proximalmost internode ahydrothecate, with one nematotheca on basal part, borne on a small elevation. Remainder of hydrocladium composed mostly of hydrothecate internodes separated by oblique nodes; intermediate ahydrothecate internodes infrequent, on distalmost part of hydrocladium (last internodes). Hydrothecate internodes each with one hydrotheca and four nematothecae: one mesial inferior, two laterals and one unpaired distal. Hydrotheca tubular, adcauline wall fully adnate with slightly concave distal half, abcauline wall slightly sinuous, rim smooth, slightly tilted towards abcauline wall. Mesial inferior nematotheca on a small elevation, not reaching base of hydrotheca. Lateral nematothecae on a small apophysis, arising below hydrothecal margin. Distal unpaired nematotheca on an elevation, not reaching basal node of next hydrothecal internode. On distalmost part of hydrocladium, distal nematotheca sometimes appearing separate on a poorly differentiated ahydrothecate internode. All nematothecae bithalamic, movable. Basal internodes with 10���12 annular thickenings: three basal, three to five behind and four distal to hydrotheca; distal internodes with three perisarcal rings in hydrothecate and two in ahydrothecate internodes. Remarks. The holotype of Plumularia insignis var. conjuncta Billard, 1913; a small, sterile fragment only 5 mm long, is inadequate for accurate characterization of colony morphology and for determining how the colony might have been ramified. Nevertheless, differences are evident in its trophosome, mainly in hydrothecal morphology, which unmistakably distinguish Billard���s material from Plumularia insignis Allman, 1883. We therefore recognize it as a distinct species, under the binomen Plumularia conjuncta Billard, 1913. ZMA. COEL.4051 First hydrocladial internode, length 150���160 Hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internode, length 630���710 Hydrothecate internode, length 530���600 Ahydrothecate internode, length 140���160 Diameter at node 50���70 Hydrotheca Abcauline wall, length 210���250 Adcauline wall, length 240���280 Diameter at rim 105���110 Mesial nematotheca, length 70���80 Diameter at rim 30���40 Lateral nematotheca, length 85���90 Diameter at rim 30���40, Published as part of Ag��s, Jos�� Ans��n, Ramil, Fran & Calder, Dale R., 2016, One new genus and three new species of plumulariid hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Plumulariidae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with a re-examination of Plumularia insignis Allman, 1883 and related taxa, pp. 57-86 in Zootaxa 4169 (1) on page 83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4169.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/263049

Schizoplumularia geniculata n. sp. (Figs 4‒5; Table 3) Material examined. North New Caledonia. BATHUS 4, stn CP 906, 19º01'S, 163º15'E, 339‒350 m, 04-VIII-1994: one colony 45 mm high with one immature gonotheca, holotype (MNHN-IK-2012-16602). Etymology. The specific name geniculata refers to the bent or geniculate habitus of the hydrocauli in the colony. Distribution. This species is known only from the type locality, North New Caledonia, at a depth between 339‒ 350 m. Description. Hydrorhiza comprising a small tuft of perisarcal fibres given off from base of colony. Main axis erect, polysiphonic, geniculate. Along basal 27 mm of main axis, primary axial tube giving rise to alternate apophyses and hydrocladia arranged in same plane. Beyond 27 mm from base of colony, primary axial tube curving away from main axis and becoming initial branch (hydrocaulus) of colony. Remaining branches (hydrocauli) given off alternately to left and right of main axis, originating from secondary axial tubes having apophyses and hydrocladia only when tube curves away from main axis to form a typical hydrocaulus. Distal part of colony with main axis comprising a few accessory axial tubes; new secondary axial tubes arising in axils of each hydrocaulus, extending along and adhering to preceding secondary axial tube, then diverging from main axis to create a new hydrocaulus, as in Schizoplumularia vervoorti n. sp. Hydrocauli monosiphonic, divided into internodes by oblique nodes visible only towards apical end. Each internode with one or two apophyses and one to three nematothecae between two consecutive apophyses. Apophyses arranged alternately left and right in one plane in older parts of branches; younger parts with apophyses occurring left and right but almost in a single frontal row; each apophysis with a well developed mamelon on upper surface and with two axillary nematothecae, an extra distal nematotheca appearing on some apophyses; one perisarcal ring often present near node. Hydrocladia heteromerously segmented, beginning with a short ahydrothecate internode having one nematotheca on basal part and two internal perisarcal rings near proximal and distal ends; nematotheca of first internode sometimes lost. Remainder of hydrocladia divided into alternating hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internodes by oblique nodes. Each hydrothecate internode bearing a hydrotheca and three nematothecae: one mesial inferior on an elevation, and two laterals located on short apophyses. Hydrothecae tubular, deep, narrowing towards base, adcauline wall fully adnate, abcauline wall slightly sinuous with basal half slightly convex and distal half slightly concave; hydrothecal rim smooth, circular, slightly tilted toward abcauline wall. Ahydrothecate internodes each with one nematotheca on an elevation along basal third. All nematothecae movable, bithalamic, conical; mesial inferior nematotheca with adcauline wall of upper chamber somewhat deeper than usual and emarginated. Internodes with two perisarcal rings, one at each end, sometimes an additional thickening appearing below, behind or above hydrotheca. One immature gonotheca observed springing from a hydrocladial apophysis; walls pyriform, widening to depressed distal end. Remarks. Hydrothecae of this species are similar in morphology to those in hydroids described by Billard (1913) as Plumularia insignis var. conjuncta (= Plumularia conjuncta Billard, 1913), but it is impossible to reach a well-founded conclusion about the relationship of the two forms. Although the ramification pattern remains unknown in P. conjuncta, other characters differentiate it from our material. Ultimate branches or hydrocauli (equivalent to the type material of Billard’s species) in Schizoplumularia geniculata n. sp. are divided into cauline internodes by oblique nodes, each one carrying one or two apophyses, whereas they are undivided in P. conjuncta. In addition, hydrocladia were heteromerously segmented in our colonies, with the intermediate internodes always clearly separated by oblique nodes from hydrothecate internodes. Separation between hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internodes is weak or absent in P. conjuncta. Both hydrothecate internodes and hydrothecae are smaller in Schizoplumularia geniculata n. sp. (Table 8). BALTHUS stn CP 906 Height of colony (in mm) 43 First hydrocladial internode, length 90‒100 Length hydrothecate hydrocladial internodes 390‒460 Length ahydrothecate hydrocladial internodes 140‒180 Diameter at node 40‒50 Hydrotheca Length abcauline wall 160‒190 Length adcauline wall 185‒210 Diameter at rim 85‒90 Mesial nematotheca, length 50‒60 Diameter at rim 25‒30 Lateral nematotheca, length 70‒90 Diameter at rim 30‒35 Gonotheca, length 170* Greatest diameter 150* * The gonotheca is probably immature.

Family Plumulariidae McCrady, 1859 Diagnosis (modified from Calder 1997; Bouillon et al. 2006). Hydroid colonies erect, arising from a creeping, root-like, or disc-shaped hydrorhiza. Stem usually a monosiphonic or polysiphonic, branched or unbranched hydrocaulus, stem infrequently a branched or unbranched main axis giving off hydrocauli laterally. Hydrocladia alternate, opposite, or in verticils, with those on polysiphonic hydrocauli arising from a single primary axial tube. Hydrothecae uniseriate, usually small and partly adnate, occurring only on hydrocladia, with or without marginal cusps. Nematophores protected by nematothecae rather than occurring as naked sarcostyles. Nematothecae welldeveloped, usually bithalamic and movable, not fused to hydrothecae; at least three of them (with two lateral nematothecae and one median inferior nematotheca) adjacent to each hydrotheca. Gonophores fixed sporosacs or infrequently as free but short-lived medusoids. Gonothecae solitary, with or without phylactocarps, seldom with nematothecae. Remarks. The diagnosis of the family Plumulariidae is modified slightly herein to accommodate Schizoplumularia n. gen. and its unique colony morphology, especially the nature of the main axis and the origins and locations of the hydrocauli., Published as part of Ag��s, Jos�� Ans��n, Ramil, Fran & Calder, Dale R., 2016, One new genus and three new species of plumulariid hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Plumulariidae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with a re-examination of Plumularia insignis Allman, 1883 and related taxa, pp. 57-86 in Zootaxa 4169 (1) on pages 59-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4169.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/263049, {"references":["Calder, D. R. (1997) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: superfamily Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 161, 1 - 85.","Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J. M. & Boero, F. (2006) An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 194, 1 - 591."]}

Schizoplumularia elegans n. sp. (Figs 6‒9; Table 4) Material examined. New Caledonia. BIOCAL 1, stn CP 110, 22°12.383'‒ 22°13.315'S, 167°06.434' ‒167°09.936'E, 275‒320 m, 09-IX-1985: five fragmented colonies to 60 mm high; two colonies with damaged gonothecae. One colony, 120 mm high in two fragments is the holotype (MNHN-IK-2012-16603); remaining colonies are paratypes (MNHN-IK-2012-16604; RMNH.Coel.42071). MUSORSTOM 4, stn CP 171, 18°57.8'S, 163°14.0'E, 435 m, 17-IX-1985: some badly damaged colonies up to 112 mm high; no gonothecae. (MNHN). MUSORSTOM 4, stn CP 172, 19°01.2'S, 163°16.0'E, 275‒330 m, 17-IX-1985: one mutilated colony of 70 mm with a few hydrocladia; no gonothecae. (MNHN). MUSORSTOM 4, stn CP 180, 18°56.8'S, 163°17.7'E, 450 m, 18-IX-1985: five fragmented colonies and a number of pieces, maximal height c. 60 mm; no gonothecae. (MNHN). CHALCAL 2, stn DW 80, 23°26.70'S, 168°01.80'E, 160 m, 31-X-1986: one fragment 15 mm high; with damaged gonothecae. (MNHN). Loyalty Islands. MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW 412, 20°40.60'S, 167°03.75'E, 437 m, 15-II-1989: 100 mm high colony with two fragments of hydrocladia; no gonothecae. (MNHN; RMNH one slide). MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW 421, 20°26.27'S, 166°40.17'E, 245 m, 16-II-1989: 80 mm high colony; no gonothecae. (MNHN). MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW 449, 20°54.40'S, 167°17.75'E, 300 m, 20-II-1989: one colony 80 mm high in bad condition; no gonothecae. (MNHN). MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW 457, 21°00.42'S, 167°28.71'E, 353 m, 20-II-1989: single colony 80 mm high and some fragments; no gonothecae. (MNHN). MUSORSTOM 6, stn CP 464, 21°02.30'S, 167°31.60'E, 430 m, 21-II-1989: single small colony c. 65 mm high with Kirchenpaueria bonnevieae (Billard, 1906) as epibiontic and a fragment; no gonothecae. (MNHN). MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW 485, 21°23.48'S, 167°59.33'E, 350 m, 23-II-1989: top part of colony, 45 mm high, plus some detached branches up to 25 mm; no gonothecae. (MNHN). Norfolk Ridge. SMIB 4, stn DW 53, 23°40.1'‒23°39.5'S, 167°59.9'‒168°00.3'E, 250‒270 m, 09-III-1989: single c. 80 mm high spirally-built colony; no gonothecae. (MNHN; RMNH one slide). BATHUS 3, stn CP 804, 23º41'S, 168º00'E, 244‒278 m, 27-XI-1993: one colony 65 mm high; without gonothecae. (MNHN). North New Caledonia. BATHUS 4, stn CP 902, 19º01'S, 163º15'E, 341‒351 m, 04-VIII-1994: one colony 100 mm high; without gonothecae. (MNHN). BATHUS 4, stn CP 906, 19º01'S, 163º15'E, 339‒350 m, 04-VIII-1994: one colony 120 mm high; without gonothecae. (MNHN). Etymology. The specific name is the Latin adjective elegans, chosen to emphasize the elegant and graceful habitus of the colony. Distribution. Schizoplumularia elegans n. sp. was collected at several localities from New Caledonia, the Norfolk Ridge, and the Loyalty Islands, at depths from 160 to 450 m. Description. Hydrorhizae of colonies consisting of a mass of intertwining tubules adhering to sandy sediment, supporting a polysiphonic and forked main axis; main axis sinuous to geniculate in younger parts of colony. Hydrocauli given off from main axis, arranged alternately right and left in one plane. Main axis of colony having same structure as in Schizoplumularia vervoorti n. sp. and S. geniculata n. sp.: basal part with a primary axial tube curving away from main axis to form first hydrocaulus; this hydrocaulus with apophyses and hydrocladia disposed alternately left and right in the same plane; remaining hydrocauli originating from secondary axial tubes, given off to left and right of main axis, with apophyses and hydrocladia appearing only after tube curves away from main axis to form a typical hydrocaulus. In distal part of colony, a new secondary axial tube arising from axil of each hydrocaulus and adhering to old secondary axial tubes, these later giving off new hydrocauli as described for the other two species. Hydrocauli always monosiphonic, divided by transverse nodes visible only on apical parts; internodes with a varying number of apophyses, with as many as 10 basally and one or two distally; apophyses arranged alternately right and left in one plane, with one to three nematothecae between two consecutive apophyses on same side. Nematothecae on axis of hydrocauli arranged mostly in a row on one side, only rarely observed on other side. Each apophysis with two axillary nematothecae and one mamelon on upper surface. Hydrocladia heteromerous; basal internode ahydrothecate, bearing a nematotheca on a small proximal elevation and with two internal perisarcal rings near each end; remaining internodes alternately hydrothecate and ahydrothecate, separated by slightly oblique nodes. Ahydrothecate internodes weakly indicated on basal part of hydrocladia, with one nematotheca on a small elevation near basal node. Hydrothecate internodes each with one hydrotheca and three nematothecae: one mesial inferior and a pair of laterals. Hydrothecae situated on basal half of internode, very small, cup-shaped, adcauline wall fully adnate, abcauline wall straight; hydrothecal rim smooth, circular. Number and development of internal perisarcal rings in internodes varied, with up to five observed on hydrothecate internodes: three below, one just proximal to base and one distal to hydrotheca; ahydrothecate internodes with two perisarcal thickenings, one basal and one distal. All nematothecae conical, bithalamic, movable; mesial inferior nematothecae located on an elevation; lateral nematothecae large, mounted on a reduced apophysis. Gonothecae arising from apophyses; all of them tubular to pear-shaped, with a circular terminal aperture closed by an operculum. Variability. Lateral nematothecae were very large (fig. 9A‒B) in colonies from stations MUSORSTOM 6 DW 421 and DW 457, with their lengths varying even on the same hydrocladium. Nodes separating hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internodes were not easily visible on basal parts of some hydrocladia. In material from station DW 53, one hydrocauline internode was observed with a single apophysis as a result of regeneration after rupture. Also in material from stn DW 53, one hydrothecate internode at the proximalmost end of a hydrocladium had two mesial inferior nematothecae. BIOCAL 1 MUSORSTOM 6 SMIB 4 stn CP 110 stn DW 485 stn DW 53 First hydrocladial internode, length 110‒140 160‒200 130‒170 Length hydrothecate hydrocladial internodes 360‒440 430‒490 330‒360 Length ahydrothecate hydrocladial internodes 110‒180 180‒250 150‒190 Remarks. Material from the Loyalty Islands (MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW 449), the Norfolk Ridge (SMIB 4, stn DW 53), and BATHUS 3 (stn CP 804) had slightly larger hydrothecae, but the remaining characters are similar to the other examined colonies and therefore we assign it to the same species. Examined material is characterized by large, branched, strongly polysiphonic colonies. Basal parts of the main axis are thick and straight, with long and curved hydrocauli arranged to right and left. In distal parts the main axis is geniculate, and hydrocauli originate from secondary axial tubes, similar to those described for Schizoplumularia vervoorti n. sp. This species nevertheless differs from S. vervoorti in the greater size and greater polysiphonic development of the colony, by the decidedly small size of the hydrothecae, by the position of the hydrothecae on the basal half of the internode, and by the existence of ahydrothecate internodes on the hydrocladia. Some characters of Schizoplumularia elegans n. sp. resemble those of Plumularia spiralis Billard, 1911, but in that species the colony has the normal morphology seen in species of Plumularia Lamarck, 1816, with hydrocauli arising from a hydrorhiza and not from a polysiphonic main axis. The hydrocaulus of S. spiralis is monosiphonic with a characteristic zig-zag shape, hydrocladia are homomerously segmented, and hydrothecae are larger. In the heteromerous segmentation of hydrocladia, in overall measurements, in disposition of hydrothecae and nematothecae on internodes, and in shape and small size of hydrothecae, colonies of this species come close to Plumularia tenuissima Totton, 1930, but there are important differences that separate the two species. Type material of P. tenuissima, a polysiphonic fragment 1 cm high that is branched and rebranched in one plane (Totton 1930), clearly differs from the ramification pattern of Schizoplumularia elegans, in which the main axis may be forked or unforked but the only lateral ramifications are represented by the typical lateral hydrocauli, always monosiphonic and unbranched. In addition, in P. tenuissima the hydrocladia are alternate on distal parts of branches but become sub-opposite and decussate in other parts and the basalmost ahydrothecate internode of hydrocladia is fused with the apophyses; both features of Totton’s species resemble the genus Nemertesia Lamouroux, 1812. The same opinion was already advanced by Vervoort & Watson (2003) when describing new material of P. tenuissima from New Zealand. Part of the material studied by Vervoort & Watson (2003) was also examined during this work (RMNH-Coel. slides 2100, 2195, 2196, 3030). These colonies are polysiphonic and bear hydrocladia on the main axis. Ramifications arise from apophyses on secondary tubes. They seem to conform with diagnoses of Plumularia rather than Schizoplumularia. While trophosomes of both species are similar, their gonothecae differ, with those of P. tenuissima having an oblique aperture while the aperture is terminal in Schizoplumularia. Moreover, ramification of their colonies is very different. Plumularia brachiata Totton, 1930 (= Plumularia mula Totton, 1936) also shows some similarities with S. elegans, but its ramification pattern is similar to that of P. tenuissima.

Schizoplumularia vervoorti n. sp. (Figs 2���3; Table 2) Material examined. Fiji. MUSORSTOM 10, stn CP 1364, 18��11,9'S, 178��34,5'E, 80���86 m, 15-VIII-1998: one fragment 45 mm high with female? gonothecae, holotype (MNHN-IK-2012-16600). Western Pacific Ocean. Stn without label. One damaged colony 75 mm high, no gonothecae, paratype (MNHN-IK-2012-16601; RMNH.Coel.42070). Etymology. The specific name vervoorti honours Dr Willem (Wim) Vervoort (1917���2010) for his extensive and important contributions to hydrozoan taxonomy. Distribution. Currently known only from Fiji, at depths between 80��� 86 m. A second colony, without accurate station data, was collected in the western Pacific region. Description. Examined colonies both fragmentary with missing hydrorhizae, each comprising an erect, polysiphonic, geniculate main axis giving rise to alternate, monosiphonic hydrocauli bearing alternate hydrocladia. In holotype, base of main axis with three tubes, one primary and two accessory, with only primary tube bearing apophyses and hydrocladia along proximalmost 25 mm. At approximately 17 mm from base, one of two accessory tubes disappearing; further on, primary tube giving rise to first hydrocaulus of colony and to a new secondary axial tube adhering to remaining secondary tube. This remaining secondary axial tube giving rise to a second hydrocaulus on opposite side of main axis, and at same point to a new secondary axial tube adhering to secondary axial tube formed in axil of first branch. Above second branch, main axis comprising two tubes broken, with remainder of colony lost. In paratype, main axis distinctly geniculate, with four tubes along entire length; hydrocauli alternate, long, curved, graceful, conferring distinctive appearance to colony. Two central accessory tubes of main axis fused and interconected along their entire length. Lateral tubes (secondary axial tubes) giving rise to hydrocauli and to a supplementary attached tube near origin of each branch towards apical end. Hydrocauli divided into internodes by slightly oblique nodes; each internode with two or three apophyses, these alternately directed to left and right, and slightly frontally. Each apophysis with a mamelon on upper surface, with two axillary nematothecae, and with one perisarcal ring at distal end. One to three nematothecae placed irregularly between two consecutive apophyses. Hydrocladia beyond apophyses homomeric, consisting of a succession of hydrothecate internodes with slightly oblique nodes, each internode with one hydrotheca on distal half and with four nematothecae, two mesial inferior and two lateral. Hydrothecae cup-shaped, widening towards margin, adcauline wall fully adnate, abcauline wall straight, aperture circular, tilted downwards, rim smooth. Mesial inferior nematothecae two, with one near basal node arising on a small elevation and another near middle of internode. Lateral nematothecae longer than mesial inferior ones. All nematothecae conical, bithalamic, movable. Each internode with two internal perisarc rings near extremities. Gonothecae inserted on apophyses; each one pear-shaped, with circular terminal aperture closed by an operculum; nematothecae absent. Variability. Ahydrothecate internodes sometimes appear on the hydrocladia as a result of damage and subsequent regeneration. Such internodes have one nematotheca, with the following hydrothecate internode bearing a single mesial inferior nematotheca. FIJI stn CP 1364 Height of colony (in mm) 44 Length hydrothecate hydrocladial internodes 610���830 Diameter at node 45���50 Hydrotheca Length abcauline wall 65���80 Length adcauline wall 70���90 Diameter at rim 70���80 Mesial nematotheca, length 60���70 Diameter at rim 25���35 Lateral nematotheca, length 90���130 Diameter at rim 30���40 Gonotheca, length 580���660 Greatest diameter 230���260 Remarks. Schizoplumularia vervoorti n. sp. somewhat resembles Plumularia antonbruuni Millard, 1967 in the morphology of its hydrothecae, with hydrothecal rims tilted down, and in having two mesial inferior nematothecae. However, dimensions of both internodes and hydrothecae are larger in P. antonbruuni. Moreover, clear differences exist in the structure of the colonies, with those of P. antonbruuni having monosiphonic and unbranched hydrocauli that arise from a hydrorhiza, and those of S. vervoorti having similar hydrocauli that arise from a main axis that is polysiphonic and geniculate. Millard (1967) described only male gonothecae in her original account of P. antonbruuni. Later, both male and female gonothecae of the species were described on the same colony by Rees & Vervoort (1987). In S. vervoorti, observed gonothecae, probably female, were uniform in morphology and different from descriptions of Millard (1967) and Rees & Vervoort (1987)., Published as part of Ag��s, Jos�� Ans��n, Ramil, Fran & Calder, Dale R., 2016, One new genus and three new species of plumulariid hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Plumulariidae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with a re-examination of Plumularia insignis Allman, 1883 and related taxa, pp. 57-86 in Zootaxa 4169 (1) on pages 61-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4169.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/263049, {"references":["Plumularia abietina: fragments of syntype material at the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris; Challenger Expedition, Prince Edward Island (South Africa). MNHN-IK- 2012 - 16035, two slides:","Millard, N. A. H. (1967) Hydroids from the south-west Indian Ocean. Annals of the South African Museum, 50, 168 - 194.","Rees, W. J. & Vervoort, W. (1987) Hydroids from the John Murray Expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 237, 1 - 209."]}

Schizoplumularia vervoorti n. sp. (Figs 2‒3; Table 2) Material examined. Fiji. MUSORSTOM 10, stn CP 1364, 18º11,9'S, 178º34,5'E, 80‒86 m, 15-VIII-1998: one fragment 45 mm high with female? gonothecae, holotype (MNHN-IK-2012-16600). Western Pacific Ocean. Stn without label. One damaged colony 75 mm high, no gonothecae, paratype (MNHN-IK-2012-16601; RMNH.Coel.42070). Etymology. The specific name vervoorti honours Dr Willem (Wim) Vervoort (1917–2010) for his extensive and important contributions to hydrozoan taxonomy. Distribution. Currently known only from Fiji, at depths between 80‒ 86 m. A second colony, without accurate station data, was collected in the western Pacific region. Description. Examined colonies both fragmentary with missing hydrorhizae, each comprising an erect, polysiphonic, geniculate main axis giving rise to alternate, monosiphonic hydrocauli bearing alternate hydrocladia. In holotype, base of main axis with three tubes, one primary and two accessory, with only primary tube bearing apophyses and hydrocladia along proximalmost 25 mm. At approximately 17 mm from base, one of two accessory tubes disappearing; further on, primary tube giving rise to first hydrocaulus of colony and to a new secondary axial tube adhering to remaining secondary tube. This remaining secondary axial tube giving rise to a second hydrocaulus on opposite side of main axis, and at same point to a new secondary axial tube adhering to secondary axial tube formed in axil of first branch. Above second branch, main axis comprising two tubes broken, with remainder of colony lost. In paratype, main axis distinctly geniculate, with four tubes along entire length; hydrocauli alternate, long, curved, graceful, conferring distinctive appearance to colony. Two central accessory tubes of main axis fused and interconected along their entire length. Lateral tubes (secondary axial tubes) giving rise to hydrocauli and to a supplementary attached tube near origin of each branch towards apical end. Hydrocauli divided into internodes by slightly oblique nodes; each internode with two or three apophyses, these alternately directed to left and right, and slightly frontally. Each apophysis with a mamelon on upper surface, with two axillary nematothecae, and with one perisarcal ring at distal end. One to three nematothecae placed irregularly between two consecutive apophyses. Hydrocladia beyond apophyses homomeric, consisting of a succession of hydrothecate internodes with slightly oblique nodes, each internode with one hydrotheca on distal half and with four nematothecae, two mesial inferior and two lateral. Hydrothecae cup-shaped, widening towards margin, adcauline wall fully adnate, abcauline wall straight, aperture circular, tilted downwards, rim smooth. Mesial inferior nematothecae two, with one near basal node arising on a small elevation and another near middle of internode. Lateral nematothecae longer than mesial inferior ones. All nematothecae conical, bithalamic, movable. Each internode with two internal perisarc rings near extremities. Gonothecae inserted on apophyses; each one pear-shaped, with circular terminal aperture closed by an operculum; nematothecae absent. Variability. Ahydrothecate internodes sometimes appear on the hydrocladia as a result of damage and subsequent regeneration. Such internodes have one nematotheca, with the following hydrothecate internode bearing a single mesial inferior nematotheca. FIJI stn CP 1364 Height of colony (in mm) 44 Length hydrothecate hydrocladial internodes 610‒830 Diameter at node 45‒50 Hydrotheca Length abcauline wall 65‒80 Length adcauline wall 70‒90 Diameter at rim 70‒80 Mesial nematotheca, length 60‒70 Diameter at rim 25‒35 Lateral nematotheca, length 90‒130 Diameter at rim 30‒40 Gonotheca, length 580‒660 Greatest diameter 230‒260 Remarks. Schizoplumularia vervoorti n. sp. somewhat resembles Plumularia antonbruuni Millard, 1967 in the morphology of its hydrothecae, with hydrothecal rims tilted down, and in having two mesial inferior nematothecae. However, dimensions of both internodes and hydrothecae are larger in P. antonbruuni. Moreover, clear differences exist in the structure of the colonies, with those of P. antonbruuni having monosiphonic and unbranched hydrocauli that arise from a hydrorhiza, and those of S. vervoorti having similar hydrocauli that arise from a main axis that is polysiphonic and geniculate. Millard (1967) described only male gonothecae in her original account of P. antonbruuni. Later, both male and female gonothecae of the species were described on the same colony by Rees & Vervoort (1987). In S. vervoorti, observed gonothecae, probably female, were uniform in morphology and different from descriptions of Millard (1967) and Rees & Vervoort (1987).

Plumularia flabellum Allman, 1883 (Fig. 12; Table 6) Plumularia flabellum Allman, 1883: 19, pl. I, figs 1���4; Stechow, 1 923: 225. Plumularia insignis flabellum: Billard, 1908: 759. Plumularia insignis var. flabellum: Billard, 1910: 34, fig. 15; Van Pra��t, 1979: 925. Material examined. Plumularia flabellum : fragments of type material at the Museum national d���Histoire naturelle, Paris, Challenger Expedition, Marion Island (South Africa), 91���137 m, 26-12-1883, MNHN-IK-2012- 16034, two slides: L. 1251. Two hydrocladia. L. 1282. Fragment 15 mm long, polysiphonic over basal half; nematothecae on secondary tubes. Distribution. Plumularia flabellum is known only from its type locality of Marion Island (South Africa), at depths between 91 and 137 m. Description. Fragment polysiphonic along basal part. Main tube segmented, with internodes separated by transverse nodes; each axial internode with two apophyses bearing hydrocladia, one in mid-region and another just under distal node, and two nematothecae, one just above basal node and another above first apophysis. Apophyses alternately directed right and left, arising only from main tube; each apophysis with one well-developed mamelon on upper surface, and with 3���4 nematothecae: two axillary and one or two distal to mamelon; one perisarcal ring occurring near node. Hydrocladia with proximalmost internode ahydrothecate, bearing one nematotheca on a small elevation towards base; perisarcal rings sometimes visible, with one basal and other distal; rest of hydrocladium comprising a succession of hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internodes. Hydrothecate internodes with one hydrotheca and three nematothecae: one mesial inferior and two laterals. Hydrotheca cup-shaped; adcauline wall fully adnate; abcauline wall straight; hydrothecal margin smooth, circular, perpendicular to hydrocladial axis. Mesial inferior nematotheca on a small elevation, reaching and sometimes surpassing hydrothecal base. Lateral nematothecae on a small apophysis placed below hydrothecal margin, extending well beyond orifice. Mesial and lateral nematothecae with a slightly scooped distal chamber. Number of perisarcal rings variable, with a maximum of six; on distal parts, rings may be absent or not visible. Ahydrothecate internodes with one nematotheca on basal part, arising from a small elevation; perisarcal thickenings two, with one at each end. All nematothecae bithalamic, movable. Nematothecae of apophyses larger than those of hydrocladial internodes. L.1251 First hydrocladial internode, length 160���180 Diameter at node 80���100 Hydrothecate internode, length 410���460 Ahydrothecate internode, length 140���170 Diameter at node 70���100 Hydrotheca Abcauline wall, length 200���220 Adcauline wall, length 150���190 Diameter at rim 160���180 Mesial nematotheca, length 80���100 Diameter at rim 50 Lateral nematotheca, length 100���110 Diameter at rim 50���60 Remarks. Plumularia flabellum Allman, 1883 differs from P. insignis Allman, 1883 mainly in colony morphology, being dense and pinnately ramified and with primary and secondary branches disposed in the same plane (Allman 1883: Pl. 1 fig. 1). In P. insignis, colonies have a polysiphonic main stem, with single branches given off in all directions around the central axis (Allman 1883: Pl. 1 fig. 1). Moreover, hydrocladial internodes are shorter in P. flabellum, and hydrothecae are smaller. For these reasons we consider P. flabellum to be a valid species, distinct from P. insignis. The structure of the colony clearly differs from that of Schizoplumularia n. gen., Published as part of Ag��s, Jos�� Ans��n, Ramil, Fran & Calder, Dale R., 2016, One new genus and three new species of plumulariid hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Plumulariidae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with a re-examination of Plumularia insignis Allman, 1883 and related taxa, pp. 57-86 in Zootaxa 4169 (1) on pages 77-79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4169.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/263049

Plumularia billardi nom. nov. (Figs 13���14; Table 7) Plumularia insignis var. gracilis Billard, 1913: 47, fig. 41, pl. III, figs. 29���30; Bedot, 1921: 28; Van Pra��t, 1979: 925. Material examined. Plumularia insignis var. gracilis , Syntype material: ZMA.COEL.P.4052. Type locality, in part: Siboga Expedition Stn 159, 0��59.1���S, 129��48.8���E, 411 m, 16-08-1899: five fragments, 15���140 mm, some with gonothecae; also one colony, 93 mm high, in two fragments, without gonothecae. ZMA.COEL.P.5234. Type locality, in part: Siboga Expedition Stn 262, 5��53.8���S, 132��48.8���E. 560 m: five fragments, probably of same colony, 5���90 mm high, without gonothecae. MNHN-IK-2012-16032. Type locality, in part: Siboga Expedition Stn 159, 0��59.1���S, 129��48.8���E, 411 m, 16- 08-1899, one slide: L.1283, two monosiphonic fragments, 4 mm and 9 mm long, smaller one with three gonothecae. Etymology. The specific name billardi honours Dr Armand Eug��ne Billard (1871���1942), who first described this species (as Plumularia insignis var. gracilis). Distribution. Plumularia billardi is known only from two localities in Indonesian waters (type localities), at depths of 411 and 560 m. Description. Hydrorhiza a tuft of perisarcal fibres given off from base of colony. Colony branched, main axis polysiphonic proximally, becoming monosiphonic distally. Main tube with several nematothecae, up to 12, between two consecutive apophyses; not divided into segments; internal perisarcal rings lacking; apophyses arising from main tube, disposed alternately left and right; each apophysis with two axillary nematothecae and one mamelon on distal part; hydrocladia pinnately arranged. Lateral branches given off from main tube, arising from tubular apophyses located in axil of a thickened hydrocladial apophysis with a missing hydrocladium (fig. 13B, arrow); these apophyses with one axillar nematotheca. Branches composed of a succession of internodes separated by slightly oblique nodes; basal internodes with two or rarely three apophyses, distal ones normally with only one. Nematothecae four below first apophysis, with two others between consecutive apophyses, these sometimes displaced to posterior side of branch. Basal internodes lacking perisarcal rings, or with one at each end; number of perisarcal rings increasing towards distal part, with up to 12 per internode. Apophyses of branches alternately directed left and right, more or less in the same plane in basal parts and frontally directed distally. Hydrocladia of main axis and branches identical in structure; each hydrocladium with a proximalmost ahydrothecate internode; this first internode with one proximal nematotheca on a small elevation, and with two perisarcal rings, one at each end; remainder of hydrocladium a succession of hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internodes separated by oblique nodes. Hydrothecate internodes each with one hydrotheca and three nematothecae: one mesial inferior and two laterals. Hydrotheca deep, with adcauline wall fully adnate; abcauline wall straight; hydrothecal rim smooth, perpendicular to hydrocladial axis. Mesial inferior nematotheca on small elevation, not reaching base of hydrotheca; lateral nematothecae on small apophysis, arising below hydrothecal margin, extending well beyond orifice. Ahydrothecate internodes with one proximal nematotheca, borne on a small elevation. All nematothecae bithalamic, movable, with adcauline wall of distal chamber lowered. Perisarcal thickenings in internodes decidedly varied in number. Observed morphological variations mainly including number of apophyses, and number and disposition of nematothecae per axial and branch internodes; these related to processes of regeneration following damage. Gonothecae elongated, tubular, with a distal circular aperture; arising from apophyses. ZMA.COEL.P.4052 Hydrothecate internode, length 540���560 Ahydrothecate internode, length 140���170 Diameter at node 60���70 Hydrotheca Abcauline wall, length 250���300 Adcauline wall, length 220���290 Diameter at rim 110���140 Mesial nematotheca, length 70���80 Diameter at rim 30���40 Lateral nematotheca, length 70���80 Diameter at rim 30���40 Gonotheca, length 1300���1570 Maximum diameter 350���400 Remarks. The trophosome of Plumularia insignis var. gracilis Billard, 1913 resembles that of P. insignis Allman, 1883, but its gonosome differs in morphology. In P. insignis var. gracilis, the gonothecal aperture is circular in shape and apical in position, whereas that of P. insignis is semicircular and oriented laterally. Moreover, gonothecae of the two differ in size, with those of P. insignis var. gracilis being considerably smaller. The ramification pattern of this morphotype, with lateral branches arising from the axil of hydrocladial apophyses, also seems quite peculiar. In addition, the type localities of the two morphotypes are decidedly different both geographically and environmentally, with P. i n s i g ni s var. gracilis being from tropical waters of Indonesia and P. insignis from Prince Edward Island (South Africa) in the cold subantarctic region. We therefore consider the hydroid described as P. insignis var. gracilis to be a different species from P. insignis. The binomen Plumularia gracilis cannot be applied to Billard���s species because that name is an invalid junior homonym of Plumularia gracilis Murray, 1860 [= Hydrallmania franciscana (Trask, 1857)], Plumularia gracilis Clarke, 1879 [= Plumularia clarkei Nutting, 1900 = Halopteris clarkei (Nutting, 1900)], and Plumularia gracilis (Fraser, 1948) [= Nemertesia gracilis (Fraser, 1948)]. Instead, Plumularia billardi is proposed as a replacement name for the species., Published as part of Ag��s, Jos�� Ans��n, Ramil, Fran & Calder, Dale R., 2016, One new genus and three new species of plumulariid hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Plumulariidae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with a re-examination of Plumularia insignis Allman, 1883 and related taxa, pp. 57-86 in Zootaxa 4169 (1) on pages 79-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4169.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/263049

Genus Schizoplumularia n. gen. (Fig. 1) Diagnosis. Plumulariid hydroids having an erect, polysiphonic, branched or unbranched main axis lacking apophyses and hydrocladia except at proximal end, main axis geniculate, at least in younger parts of colony. Tubes of main axis giving rise to ultimate branches, equivalent to hydrocauli. Primary axial tube at base of main axis with apophyses and hydrocladia, giving rise to secondary axial tubes before diverging laterally from main axis to form first ultimate branch (proximalmost hydrocaulus of colony). As with primary axial tube, secondary axial tubes giving rise to new secondary axial tubes before diverging laterally from main axis, and so on; apophyses and hydrocladia absent on all axial tubes beyond the primary one. Hydrorhiza where known a root-like mass of intertwining tubules adhering to sandy sediment. Ultimate branches equivalent in morphology to hydrocauli of Plumularia in being monosiphonic, unbranched, and divided into internodes with varied numbers of alternate apophyses bearing hydrocladia. Hydrocladia unbranched, borne only on ultimate branches and at base of primary axial tube, divided into homomerously or heteromerously segmented internodes. Hydrothecate internodes of hydrocladia each with a hydrotheca, a pair of lateral nematothecae, and one or more median inferior nematothecae. Ahydrothecate internodes of hydrocladia, when present, with one or more median nematothecae each. Hydrothecae occurring only on hydrocladia, uniseriate, small, cup-shaped, adnate to internode, margin smooth. Nematothecae conical, bithalamic, movable. Gonophores presumably fixed sporosacs. Gonothecae solitary, pyriform, arising from apophyses on ultimate branches (hydrocauli), unprotected by phylactocarps or nematothecae; aperture terminal, round, closed by an operculum. Type species: Schizoplumularia vervoorti n. sp., designated herein. Remarks. In species of Schizoplumularia, unlike those of any other genus in the family Plumulariidae, hydrocauli arise alternately and laterally from a polysiphonic, branched or unbranched main axis. The proximalmost hydrocaulus of the colony is formed by divergence of the primary axial tube from the polysiphonic main axis. While still constituting part of the main axis, the primary axial tube bears apophyses and hydrocladia. All other hydrocauli of the colony are formed by divergence from the main axis of secondary axial tubes that originated distal to the original primary axial tube, and none of these subsequent and more distal axial tubes have apophyses and hydrocladia while confluent with other tubes of main axis. Once curving away from main axis, secondary axial tubes become monosiphonic hydrocauli that are much as in the genus Plumularia Lamarck, 1816, with hydrocladia given off from alternate and lateral apophyses. Colony morphology is reminiscent of P. insignis, P. abietina and P. insignis var. gracilis (= Plumularia billardi nom. nov.) described and figured by Allman (1883) and Billard (1913). An examination of type material showed that this similarity is only superficial and that all three species belong to the genus Plumularia. Etymology. The generic name Schizoplumularia is derived from a combination of the Latinized form of the Greek word-forming element skhizein (split, separate), refering to the independent origins of the ultimate branches of the colony, and the generic name Plumularia Lamarck, 1816, applied to a group with which the new taxon shows affinities. The gender of the name is feminine., Published as part of Ag��s, Jos�� Ans��n, Ramil, Fran & Calder, Dale R., 2016, One new genus and three new species of plumulariid hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Plumulariidae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with a re-examination of Plumularia insignis Allman, 1883 and related taxa, pp. 57-86 in Zootaxa 4169 (1) on pages 60-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4169.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/263049, {"references":["Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55.","Billard, A. (1913) Les Hydroides de l'expedition du SIBOGA. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie, Monographie, 7 a, 1 - 114."]}

Plumularia billardi nom. nov. (Figs 13‒14; Table 7) Plumularia insignis var. gracilis Billard, 1913: 47, fig. 41, pl. III, figs. 29‒30; Bedot, 1921: 28; Van Praët, 1979: 925. Material examined. Plumularia insignis var. gracilis , Syntype material: ZMA.COEL.P.4052. Type locality, in part: Siboga Expedition Stn 159, 0º59.1’S, 129º48.8’E, 411 m, 16-08-1899: five fragments, 15–140 mm, some with gonothecae; also one colony, 93 mm high, in two fragments, without gonothecae. ZMA.COEL.P.5234. Type locality, in part: Siboga Expedition Stn 262, 5º53.8’S, 132º48.8’E. 560 m: five fragments, probably of same colony, 5–90 mm high, without gonothecae. MNHN-IK-2012-16032. Type locality, in part: Siboga Expedition Stn 159, 0º59.1’S, 129º48.8’E, 411 m, 16- 08-1899, one slide: L.1283, two monosiphonic fragments, 4 mm and 9 mm long, smaller one with three gonothecae. Etymology. The specific name billardi honours Dr Armand Eugène Billard (1871–1942), who first described this species (as Plumularia insignis var. gracilis). Distribution. Plumularia billardi is known only from two localities in Indonesian waters (type localities), at depths of 411 and 560 m. Description. Hydrorhiza a tuft of perisarcal fibres given off from base of colony. Colony branched, main axis polysiphonic proximally, becoming monosiphonic distally. Main tube with several nematothecae, up to 12, between two consecutive apophyses; not divided into segments; internal perisarcal rings lacking; apophyses arising from main tube, disposed alternately left and right; each apophysis with two axillary nematothecae and one mamelon on distal part; hydrocladia pinnately arranged. Lateral branches given off from main tube, arising from tubular apophyses located in axil of a thickened hydrocladial apophysis with a missing hydrocladium (fig. 13B, arrow); these apophyses with one axillar nematotheca. Branches composed of a succession of internodes separated by slightly oblique nodes; basal internodes with two or rarely three apophyses, distal ones normally with only one. Nematothecae four below first apophysis, with two others between consecutive apophyses, these sometimes displaced to posterior side of branch. Basal internodes lacking perisarcal rings, or with one at each end; number of perisarcal rings increasing towards distal part, with up to 12 per internode. Apophyses of branches alternately directed left and right, more or less in the same plane in basal parts and frontally directed distally. Hydrocladia of main axis and branches identical in structure; each hydrocladium with a proximalmost ahydrothecate internode; this first internode with one proximal nematotheca on a small elevation, and with two perisarcal rings, one at each end; remainder of hydrocladium a succession of hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internodes separated by oblique nodes. Hydrothecate internodes each with one hydrotheca and three nematothecae: one mesial inferior and two laterals. Hydrotheca deep, with adcauline wall fully adnate; abcauline wall straight; hydrothecal rim smooth, perpendicular to hydrocladial axis. Mesial inferior nematotheca on small elevation, not reaching base of hydrotheca; lateral nematothecae on small apophysis, arising below hydrothecal margin, extending well beyond orifice. Ahydrothecate internodes with one proximal nematotheca, borne on a small elevation. All nematothecae bithalamic, movable, with adcauline wall of distal chamber lowered. Perisarcal thickenings in internodes decidedly varied in number. Observed morphological variations mainly including number of apophyses, and number and disposition of nematothecae per axial and branch internodes; these related to processes of regeneration following damage. Gonothecae elongated, tubular, with a distal circular aperture; arising from apophyses. ZMA.COEL.P.4052 Hydrothecate internode, length 540‒560 Ahydrothecate internode, length 140‒170 Diameter at node 60‒70 Hydrotheca Abcauline wall, length 250‒300 Adcauline wall, length 220‒290 Diameter at rim 110‒140 Mesial nematotheca, length 70‒80 Diameter at rim 30‒40 Lateral nematotheca, length 70‒80 Diameter at rim 30‒40 Gonotheca, length 1300‒1570 Maximum diameter 350‒400 Remarks. The trophosome of Plumularia insignis var. gracilis Billard, 1913 resembles that of P. insignis Allman, 1883, but its gonosome differs in morphology. In P. insignis var. gracilis, the gonothecal aperture is circular in shape and apical in position, whereas that of P. insignis is semicircular and oriented laterally. Moreover, gonothecae of the two differ in size, with those of P. insignis var. gracilis being considerably smaller. The ramification pattern of this morphotype, with lateral branches arising from the axil of hydrocladial apophyses, also seems quite peculiar. In addition, the type localities of the two morphotypes are decidedly different both geographically and environmentally, with P. i n s i g ni s var. gracilis being from tropical waters of Indonesia and P. insignis from Prince Edward Island (South Africa) in the cold subantarctic region. We therefore consider the hydroid described as P. insignis var. gracilis to be a different species from P. insignis. The binomen Plumularia gracilis cannot be applied to Billard’s species because that name is an invalid junior homonym of Plumularia gracilis Murray, 1860 [= Hydrallmania franciscana (Trask, 1857)], Plumularia gracilis Clarke, 1879 [= Plumularia clarkei Nutting, 1900 = Halopteris clarkei (Nutting, 1900)], and Plumularia gracilis (Fraser, 1948) [= Nemertesia gracilis (Fraser, 1948)]. Instead, Plumularia billardi is proposed as a replacement name for the species.

Genus Schizoplumularia n. gen. (Fig. 1) Diagnosis. Plumulariid hydroids having an erect, polysiphonic, branched or unbranched main axis lacking apophyses and hydrocladia except at proximal end, main axis geniculate, at least in younger parts of colony. Tubes of main axis giving rise to ultimate branches, equivalent to hydrocauli. Primary axial tube at base of main axis with apophyses and hydrocladia, giving rise to secondary axial tubes before diverging laterally from main axis to form first ultimate branch (proximalmost hydrocaulus of colony). As with primary axial tube, secondary axial tubes giving rise to new secondary axial tubes before diverging laterally from main axis, and so on; apophyses and hydrocladia absent on all axial tubes beyond the primary one. Hydrorhiza where known a root-like mass of intertwining tubules adhering to sandy sediment. Ultimate branches equivalent in morphology to hydrocauli of Plumularia in being monosiphonic, unbranched, and divided into internodes with varied numbers of alternate apophyses bearing hydrocladia. Hydrocladia unbranched, borne only on ultimate branches and at base of primary axial tube, divided into homomerously or heteromerously segmented internodes. Hydrothecate internodes of hydrocladia each with a hydrotheca, a pair of lateral nematothecae, and one or more median inferior nematothecae. Ahydrothecate internodes of hydrocladia, when present, with one or more median nematothecae each. Hydrothecae occurring only on hydrocladia, uniseriate, small, cup-shaped, adnate to internode, margin smooth. Nematothecae conical, bithalamic, movable. Gonophores presumably fixed sporosacs. Gonothecae solitary, pyriform, arising from apophyses on ultimate branches (hydrocauli), unprotected by phylactocarps or nematothecae; aperture terminal, round, closed by an operculum. Type species: Schizoplumularia vervoorti n. sp., designated herein. Remarks. In species of Schizoplumularia, unlike those of any other genus in the family Plumulariidae, hydrocauli arise alternately and laterally from a polysiphonic, branched or unbranched main axis. The proximalmost hydrocaulus of the colony is formed by divergence of the primary axial tube from the polysiphonic main axis. While still constituting part of the main axis, the primary axial tube bears apophyses and hydrocladia. All other hydrocauli of the colony are formed by divergence from the main axis of secondary axial tubes that originated distal to the original primary axial tube, and none of these subsequent and more distal axial tubes have apophyses and hydrocladia while confluent with other tubes of main axis. Once curving away from main axis, secondary axial tubes become monosiphonic hydrocauli that are much as in the genus Plumularia Lamarck, 1816, with hydrocladia given off from alternate and lateral apophyses. Colony morphology is reminiscent of P. insignis, P. abietina and P. insignis var. gracilis (= Plumularia billardi nom. nov.) described and figured by Allman (1883) and Billard (1913). An examination of type material showed that this similarity is only superficial and that all three species belong to the genus Plumularia. Etymology. The generic name Schizoplumularia is derived from a combination of the Latinized form of the Greek word-forming element skhizein (split, separate), refering to the independent origins of the ultimate branches of the colony, and the generic name Plumularia Lamarck, 1816, applied to a group with which the new taxon shows affinities. The gender of the name is feminine.

Schizoplumularia geniculata n. sp. (Figs 4���5; Table 3) Material examined. North New Caledonia. BATHUS 4, stn CP 906, 19��01'S, 163��15'E, 339���350 m, 04-VIII-1994: one colony 45 mm high with one immature gonotheca, holotype (MNHN-IK-2012-16602). Etymology. The specific name geniculata refers to the bent or geniculate habitus of the hydrocauli in the colony. Distribution. This species is known only from the type locality, North New Caledonia, at a depth between 339��� 350 m. Description. Hydrorhiza comprising a small tuft of perisarcal fibres given off from base of colony. Main axis erect, polysiphonic, geniculate. Along basal 27 mm of main axis, primary axial tube giving rise to alternate apophyses and hydrocladia arranged in same plane. Beyond 27 mm from base of colony, primary axial tube curving away from main axis and becoming initial branch (hydrocaulus) of colony. Remaining branches (hydrocauli) given off alternately to left and right of main axis, originating from secondary axial tubes having apophyses and hydrocladia only when tube curves away from main axis to form a typical hydrocaulus. Distal part of colony with main axis comprising a few accessory axial tubes; new secondary axial tubes arising in axils of each hydrocaulus, extending along and adhering to preceding secondary axial tube, then diverging from main axis to create a new hydrocaulus, as in Schizoplumularia vervoorti n. sp. Hydrocauli monosiphonic, divided into internodes by oblique nodes visible only towards apical end. Each internode with one or two apophyses and one to three nematothecae between two consecutive apophyses. Apophyses arranged alternately left and right in one plane in older parts of branches; younger parts with apophyses occurring left and right but almost in a single frontal row; each apophysis with a well developed mamelon on upper surface and with two axillary nematothecae, an extra distal nematotheca appearing on some apophyses; one perisarcal ring often present near node. Hydrocladia heteromerously segmented, beginning with a short ahydrothecate internode having one nematotheca on basal part and two internal perisarcal rings near proximal and distal ends; nematotheca of first internode sometimes lost. Remainder of hydrocladia divided into alternating hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internodes by oblique nodes. Each hydrothecate internode bearing a hydrotheca and three nematothecae: one mesial inferior on an elevation, and two laterals located on short apophyses. Hydrothecae tubular, deep, narrowing towards base, adcauline wall fully adnate, abcauline wall slightly sinuous with basal half slightly convex and distal half slightly concave; hydrothecal rim smooth, circular, slightly tilted toward abcauline wall. Ahydrothecate internodes each with one nematotheca on an elevation along basal third. All nematothecae movable, bithalamic, conical; mesial inferior nematotheca with adcauline wall of upper chamber somewhat deeper than usual and emarginated. Internodes with two perisarcal rings, one at each end, sometimes an additional thickening appearing below, behind or above hydrotheca. One immature gonotheca observed springing from a hydrocladial apophysis; walls pyriform, widening to depressed distal end. Remarks. Hydrothecae of this species are similar in morphology to those in hydroids described by Billard (1913) as Plumularia insignis var. conjuncta (= Plumularia conjuncta Billard, 1913), but it is impossible to reach a well-founded conclusion about the relationship of the two forms. Although the ramification pattern remains unknown in P. conjuncta, other characters differentiate it from our material. Ultimate branches or hydrocauli (equivalent to the type material of Billard���s species) in Schizoplumularia geniculata n. sp. are divided into cauline internodes by oblique nodes, each one carrying one or two apophyses, whereas they are undivided in P. conjuncta. In addition, hydrocladia were heteromerously segmented in our colonies, with the intermediate internodes always clearly separated by oblique nodes from hydrothecate internodes. Separation between hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internodes is weak or absent in P. conjuncta. Both hydrothecate internodes and hydrothecae are smaller in Schizoplumularia geniculata n. sp. (Table 8). BALTHUS stn CP 906 Height of colony (in mm) 43 First hydrocladial internode, length 90���100 Length hydrothecate hydrocladial internodes 390���460 Length ahydrothecate hydrocladial internodes 140���180 Diameter at node 40���50 Hydrotheca Length abcauline wall 160���190 Length adcauline wall 185���210 Diameter at rim 85���90 Mesial nematotheca, length 50���60 Diameter at rim 25���30 Lateral nematotheca, length 70���90 Diameter at rim 30���35 Gonotheca, length 170* Greatest diameter 150* * The gonotheca is probably immature., Published as part of Ag��s, Jos�� Ans��n, Ramil, Fran & Calder, Dale R., 2016, One new genus and three new species of plumulariid hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Plumulariidae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with a re-examination of Plumularia insignis Allman, 1883 and related taxa, pp. 57-86 in Zootaxa 4169 (1) on pages 64-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4169.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/263049, {"references":["Plumularia abietina: fragments of syntype material at the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris; Challenger Expedition, Prince Edward Island (South Africa). MNHN-IK- 2012 - 16035, two slides:","Billard, A. (1913) Les Hydroides de l'expedition du SIBOGA. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie, Monographie, 7 a, 1 - 114."]}

Mauritanian waters harbour one of the most productive marine ecosystems of the world, due to the upwelling phenomena associated to the Canary current and the influence of trade winds (Pastor et al., 2008; Pellegri & Benazzouz, 2015). Mauritania represents the boundary between the temperate Lusitanian and the Tropical Eastern Atlantic Provinces (Briggs, 1995) and it is located within the northern alternance region of the tropical eastern Atlantic (Loeuff & von Cosel, 1997). The seasonal displacement of the thermal front along this area promotes faunistic exchanges and the Mauritanian fauna results a combination of both, temperate and tropical elements, that enhance its biodiversity (van Soest, 1993; Loeuff & von Cosel, 1997). Nevertheless, and despite the interest of this area, only Duinevelt et al. (1993) and Michel et al. (2011) have studied the composition and assemblages of mollusks fauna of Mauritanian shelf; but their study area covered only the Banc d’Arguin (northern zone) to 370 m depth. In consequence, the current knowledge of the structure and composition of the gastropod communities off Mauritania is scarce, especially in deep waters. This work is the result of the study of prosobranch collected along the Mauritanian coast during the four Spanish Maurit surveys and the two CCLME cruises carried out between 2007 and 2012, within the framework of EcoAfrik and CCLME-FAO projects. The samples were mainly collected with a commercial trawl, but during the Maurit surveys a beam trawl and a rock dredge were also employed. Prosobranchs were on board sorted from the total catch to morphospecies level, and after counted and weighed. For each sample living specimens of the different morphospecies were photographed and a representative collection was preserved in 70% ethanol for further studies A total of 7717 prosobranchs were captured in 113 of the 449 hauls carried out along Mauritanian shelf and continental slope, between 20 and 1867 m depth. We identified 68 species belonging to 24 families. The most specious families were Naticidae with 9 species, followed by Marginellidae (8 species) and Muricidae (7 species). The highest occurrence was recorded for Nassarius wolffi (63 stations, 14.0%), followed by Xenophora crispa (28 station, 6.2%), Afer pseudofusinus (28 stations, 6.2%) and Sveltia lyrata (19 stations, 4.23%). Fourteen species are by first time reported in Mauritanian waters, increasing our data the bathymetric ranges fifteen species. A preliminary analysis of bathymetric distribution reveals a progressive decreasing of specific richness with increasing depth. Densities progressively decreases to 150 meters, in which it increases to 700 m, where decreases again; the increase in abundance between 150 and 700 m is due to the presence of Nassarius wolffi. Biomass decreases sharply to 50 m and remains more or less constant at deeper waters. Deeper than 1400 m prosobranchs were not collected., MAVA (Contract 12/87 AO C4/2012)

Two multidisciplinary surveys aimed to evaluate demersal and pelagic resources were conducted in the framework of the CCLME-FAO project in Northwest African region between October to December 2011 and from May to July 2012 on-board Norwegian R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen. A total of 580 stations were sampled with commercial trawl gear in the area spreading between the Gibraltar Strait and the Sierra Leone border. Fifty of these hauls were carried out in Guinea-Bissau waters between 48 and 983 meters depth. In both surveys, the research team of EcoAfrik project, belonging to the Spanish Institute of Oceanography and the University of Vigo, was responsible for the benthos sampling. At all stations the megabentic species, including decapod crustaceans, were sorted at morphospecies level and data of numerical abundance and biomass (wet weight) were collected. When the large volume of material did not allow the sampling of total catch, a subsample was worked, being after estimated the abundances and total biomass by a weighting factor. At every station living specimens of each species were protographed and a representative collection was preserved in 70% ethanol for further taxonomic study. The decapods collection taken in Guinea Bissau, composed by about 400 specimens, has been identified at the University of Vigo, and quantitative data have been analysed to stablish the distribution, composition and structure of the decapod communities. Abundance data (number of individuals) and weight (in kg) per station were standardized to a swept area of 0.1 km2 and matrices of numerical abundance and biomass by species and station were constructed to serve as basis for statistical analysis. Ecological descriptors, such as occurrence (O, presence of the species in the hauls), abundance (N), biomass (B), species richness (S), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') and Pielou equitability index (J') were estimated for each station. For the characterization of the assemblages, multivariate analysis (cluster and MDS) were applied to similarity matrix after to transform abundance data by double square root and Bray-Curtis index. Species with low frequency (58.8%), while three species, Macropipus rugosus, Scyllarus caparti and Sternodromia spinirostris were responsible together of the 62% of the similarity inner the shelf group; in the deep shelf assemblage, only two decapods, Pagurus cuanensis and Dardanus arrosor account for the 73% of the similarity. Parapenaeus longirostris typified the upper slope group (53%) and Nematocarcinus africanus, Stereomastis talismani, Aristeus varidens and Sergia robusta contributed to 69% of the similarity in the deepest assemblage. Our results are according to previous studies on decapods biodiversity carried out by Muñoz et al. (2012) in Guinea-Bissau. MAVA (Contract 12/87 AO C4/2012)

Parapagurus nudus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891) (Fig. 20) Sympagurus nudus A. Milne-Edwards, 1891: 131. Parapagurus nudus.��� Lemaitre, 1986: 533, figs. 1 A, B, 2 A���E, 4 A, B, 5 A, B, 6 G, H, 7 B, F, 8 A���C, 9 A, B.��� Lemaitre, 1989: 24, figs. 5 B, C, 10, 11, 12 (lit.).��� Cardoso & Lemaitre, 2012: 594, figs. 3 C, D. Parapagurus pilosimanus.��� Garc��a Raso, 1996: 739 (In part). Material examined. MU75, 1688��� 1659 m, (1); MU116, 1685��� 1680 m, (1). Male: 6.24 mm, female: 7.18 mm Habitat. The species was reported on muddy sand bottoms (A. Milne-Edwards 1891). Lemaitre (1989) reported this species usually without symbionts, but Williams & McDermott (2004) reported that it was not uncommon to find the species associated with actinians or zoanthids. Our specimens were found on muddy and muddy sand bottoms, in shells of Tonna galea (Linnaeus, 1758) and another unidentified gastropod shell deeply damaged during the extraction of the hermit crab, with one unidentified actinian attached to the shell. Distribution. Eastern Atlantic: the Azores, Canary and Cape Verde Islands and Gulf of Guinea; western Atlantic from off Nantucket Island (Massachusetts, USA) to Guyana (S America) (Lemaitre 1986, 1989); the species was also reported on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (about 4 ��00'S) (Cardoso & Lemaitre 2012). Depth range is between 630 and 3864 m (Lemaitre 1990). Our specimens come from around 1680 m, at similar depths to those from the Azores (A. Milne-Edwards 1891) and the Ibero-Moroccan Gulf (T��rkay 1976). Remarks. Our specimens match the descriptions and figures given by Lemaitre (1986, 1989) and Cardoso & Lemaitre (2012). The Parapagurus nudus males resemble Parapagurus alaminos Lemaitre, 1986, but can be easily distinguished by the absence of numerous small sharp tubercles on the dorsal surface of the left cheliped carpus. The variations on the carpus and the chela of the right cheliped and the exopod of the left uropod observed in our material, for both males and females, concur with those described by Lemaitre (1986). The telson armature is similar to that figured by Cardoso & Lemaitre (2012: fig. 3 D), Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2015, Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species, pp. 151-190 in Zootaxa 3926 (2) on page 182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/242192, {"references":["Lemaitre, R. (1986) Western Atlantic species of the Parapagurus pilosimanus complex (Anomura, Paguroidea, Parapaguridae): description of a new species and morphological variations. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 6, 525 - 542. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1548192","Lemaitre, R. (1989) Revision of the genus Parapagurus (Anomura: Paguroidea: Parapaguridae), including redescriptions of the Western Atlantic species. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 253, 1 - 106.","Cardoso, I. & Lemaitre, R. (2012) First Reports of Deep-Water Hermit Crabs Parapagurus Smith, 1879 (Decapoda, Parapaguridae) and Coelenterate Associates from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and South Atlantic. Crustaceana, 85 (4 - 5), 591 - 600. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854012 X 634384","Garcia Raso, J. E. (1996) Crustacea Decapoda (excl. Sergestidae) from Ibero-Moroccan waters. Results of Balgim- 84 Expedition. Bulletin of Marine Science, 58 (3), 730 - 752.","Williams, J. D. & McDermott, J. J. (2004) Hermit crab biocoenoses: A worldwide review of the diversity and natural history of hermit crab associates. Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology, 305, 1 - 128. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jembe. 2004.02.020","Lemaitre, R. (1990) A review of eastern Atlantic species of the family Parapaguridae (Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea). Journal of Natural History, 24, 219 - 240. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939000770141","Turkay, M. (1976) Decapoda Reptantia von der portugiesischen und marokkanischen Kuste Auswertung der Fahrten 8,9 c (1967), 19 (1970), 23 (1971) und 36 (1975) von F. S. Meteor. \" Meteor \" Forschungs-Ergebnisse, Reihe D, 23, 23 - 44, figs. 1 - 35."]}

Pagurus alatus Fabricius, 1775 (Fig. 15) Pagurus alatus Fabricius, 1775: 411. Eupagurus variabilis Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892: 217.��� Selbie, 1921: 36, pl. IV figs. 4, 5, pl. V figs. 1���3. Pagurus alatus. ��� Ingle, 1985: 765 (key); 1993: 33 (key) 136, figs. 109���112 (lit.). not Eupagurus alatus. ��� Forest, 1955: 110, fig. 23, pl. V figs. 2 and 3 (= P. excavatus) not Pagurus alatus.��� Zariquiey, 1968: 247, figs 89 e, 90 b, o, 91 e (= P. excavatus) Material examined. MU 57, 430 ��� 406 m, (1); MU 120, 109 ��� 105 m, (1); MU 142, 109 ��� 112 m, (1); MU158, 80��� 98 m, (2); MU207, 88��� 117 m, (1); MU 260, 101 ��� 120 m, (1); MUBV 20, 155 m, (5); MUBV 21, 107 ��� 109 m, (31). Males: 3.06���6.56 mm, females: 3.10���3.40 mm, ovigerous females: 3.01���4.03 mm Habitat. This species is characteristic of bathyal muds (d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999; Follesa et al. 2009; Mura et al. 2006), but is also reported on sand (Pipitone & Arculeo 2003) and on bottoms of sand, silt, coarse sands and gravel by Serrano et al. (2011). Pagurus alatus was found inhabiting shells of the gastropod species Colus islandicus (Mohr, 1786) in Cap Breton Canyon (Bay of Biscay) (Urzelai et al. 1990). In symbiosis with this crab were the cnidarians Adamsia palliata (M��ller, 1776), Calliactis parasitica (Couch, 1842), Epizoanthus paguriphylus Verrill, 1883, Paracalliactis mediterranea Ross and Zamponi, 1982 and the polychaete Neanthes fucata (Savigny, 1818) (Williams & McDermott 2004). Our specimens were collected mainly on sandy bottoms, but also on sandy-mud bottoms. They were found inhabiting shells of the gastropods Aspa marginata (Gmelin, 1791), Calliostoma granulatum (Born, 1778), Euspira grossularia (Marche-Marchad, 1957), Euspira subplicata (Jeffreys, 1885), Nassarius arcadioi Rol��n & Hern��ndez, 2005, Natica canariensis Odhner, 1932, Ranella olearium (Linnaeus, 1758) and in a shell of the genus Genota. As epibionts over gastropod shells we found Demospongia, two different actinian species, some specimens of Anomiidae bivalves, one acorn barnacle and some tubes of Serpulidae polychetes. Over the chelipeds and ambulatory legs we identified the hydrozoan Leuckartiara octona (Fleming, 1823). Distribution. Eastern Atlantic, from Iceland, Norway, the Shetland Islands and the North Sea southwards to Mauritania, including the Canary Islands and the Mediterranean Sea (d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999). The record from Loos Islands (Guinea) (Forest 1955) belong to P. excavatus (see remarks). Bathymetrical range varies from 5���10 m (Pipitone & Arculeo 2003) to 1430���1505 m (Garc��a Raso 1996), although the species is mainly found around 150 m depth (d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999). Further records were from the Bay of Biscay (Urzelai et al. 1990; Serrano et al. 2006; Cartes et al. 2007; S��nchez et al. 2008; Serrano et al. 2011), off Portugal (Monteiro et al. 2001) and the Mediterranean Sea (Ko��ak et al. 2001; Abell�� et al. 2002; Biagi et al. 2002; Pipitone & Arculeo 2003; Colloca et al. 2004; Company et al. 2004; Ungaro et al. 2005; Mura et al. 2006; Ates et al. 2006; Fanelli et al. 2007; Cartes et al. 2009; Follesa et al. 2009; Papiol et al. 2012). Remarks. Our specimens coincide with the descriptions and figures given by Ingle (1993). The taxonomic status of P. alatus, P. excavatus and P. variabilis has been controversial for many years. The differences between P. excavatus and P. variabilis were established by A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1900). Following that opinion, Selbie (1921) indicated that the most reliable features to separate both species were the number of unpaired pleopods in males (three in P. variabilis and four in P. excavatus) and the length of the dorso-outer process of the antennal peduncular segment 2 that reaches, or passes, the base of the terminal joint in P. alatus but not in P. excavatus. Forest (1955: 109) also followed this differentiation, considering P. excavatus to be identical to P. alatus (the latter name having priority) and different from P. variabilis. This author also indicated the presence of two Pagurus (as Eupagurus) groups in West Africa, the first group including P. alatus, with four unpaired pleopods in males (a feature of the current concept of P. excavatus), and the second group, including P. variabilis, with three unpaired pleopods in males (a feature of the current concept of P. alatus). Forest opinion was shared by Zariquiey (1968). Based on Selbie (1921), Ingle (1985) indicated that there were no consistent records of P. excavatus north of the southern part of the Bay of Biscay. Taking into account that P. alatus was described after material collected in Iceland, Ingle concluded that P. alatus and P. excavatus were two different species and reinstated P. excavatus as a valid species. In addition, Ingle (1985) considered P. variabilis, whose distribution was more boreal, to be a junior subjective synonymy of P. alatus. Ingle (1993) provided a complete synonymy for P. alatus and P. excavatus, which is currently accepted. Nevertheless, the report of P. alatus in Forest (1955) from Loos Islands and Zariquiey (1968) from the Iberian Peninsula should be definitively included in P. excavatus., Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2015, Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species, pp. 151-190 in Zootaxa 3926 (2) on pages 174-175, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/242192, {"references":["Fabricius, J. C. (1775) Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus, observationibus. Flensburgi et Lipsiae, xxxii, 832 pp.","Milne-Edwards, A. & Bouvier, E. - L. (1892) Observations preliminaires sur les paguriens recueillis par les expeditions du Travailleur et du Talisman. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Serie 7 e, 13, 185 - 226.","Selbie, C. M. (1921) The Decapoda Reptantia of the coasts of Ireland. Part II: Paguridea. Fisheries Ireland Scientific Investigations, 1, 1 - 68.","Ingle, R. W. (1985) Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean hermit crabs (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguroidea: Paguridae). I. The genus Pagurus Fabricius, 1775. Journal of Natural History, 19, 745 - 769. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938500770461","Forest, J. (1955) Crustaces Decapodes, Pagurides. Expedition Oceanographique Belge dans les Eaux Cotieres Africaines de L'Atlantique Sud (1948 - 1949). Resultats Scientifiques. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belge, 3 (4), 23 - 147.","Zariquiey Alvarez, R. (1968) Crustaceos Decapodos Ibericos. Investigacion Pesquera, 32, 1 - 510.","d'Udekem d'Acoz, C. (1999) Inventaire et distribution des crustaces decapodes de l'Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Mediterranee et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25 ° N. Paris, Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Service du patrimoine naturel, 40, 1 - 383.","Follesa, M. C., Porcu, C., Gastoni, A., Mulas, A., Sabatini, A. & Cau, A. (2009) Community structure of bathyal decapod crustaceans off South-Eastern Sardinian deep-waters (Central-Western Mediterranean). Marine Ecology, 30 (s 1), 188 - 199. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.2009.00323. x","Mura, M., Orru, F. & Cau, A. (2006) Reproduction Strategy of the Deep-sea Hermit Crabs Pagurus alatus and Pagurus excavatus of the Central-Western Mediterranean Sea. Hydrobiologia, 557 (1), 51 - 57. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 005 - 1307 - x","Pipitone, C. & Arculeo, M. (2003) The marine Crustacea Decapoda of Sicily (central Mediterranean Sea): a checklist with remarks on their distribution. Italian Journal of Zoology, 70, 69 - 78. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000309356498","Serrano, A., Sanchez, F., Punzon, A., Velasco, F. & Olaso, I. (2011) Deep sea megafaunal assemblages off the northern Iberian slope related to environmental factors. Scientia Marina, 75 (3), 425 - 437. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2011.75 n 3425","Urzelai, A., Elizalde, M., Capellan, T., Esteban, I., Quiroga, A., Zabala, I. & Ibanez, M. (1990) Estudio preliminar de las comunidades de Pagurus alatus Fabricius, 1775 y Parapagurus pilosimanus S. l. Smith, 1879 (Crustacea Decapoda) y Epizoanthus paguriphilus Verrill, 1883 (Anthozoa Zoantarida) de la fosa de Cap Breton (Golfo de Vizcaya). Lurralde, 13, 193 - 206.","Williams, J. D. & McDermott, J. J. (2004) Hermit crab biocoenoses: A worldwide review of the diversity and natural history of hermit crab associates. Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology, 305, 1 - 128. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jembe. 2004.02.020","Garcia Raso, J. E. (1996) Crustacea Decapoda (excl. Sergestidae) from Ibero-Moroccan waters. Results of Balgim- 84 Expedition. Bulletin of Marine Science, 58 (3), 730 - 752.","Serrano, A., Sanchez, F. & Garcia-Castrillo, G. (2006) Epibenthic communities of trawlable grounds of the Cantabrian Sea. Scientia Marina, 70 S 1, 149 - 159.","Cartes, J. E., Serrano, A., Velasco, F., Parra, S. & Sanchez, F. (2007) Community structure and dynamics of deep-water decapod assemblages from Le Danois Bank (Cantabrian Sea, NE Atlantic): Influence of environmental variables and food availability. Progress in Oceanography, 75, 797 - 816. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pocean. 2007.09.003","Sanchez, F., Serrano, A., Parra, A., Ballesteros, M. & Cartes, J. E. (2008) Habitat characteristics as determinant of the structure and spatial distribution of epibenthic and demersal communities of Le Danois Bank (Cantabrian Sea, N Spain). Journal of Marine Systems, 72, 64 - 86. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jmarsys. 2007.04.008","Monteiro, P., Araujo, A., Erzini, K. & Castro, M. (2001) Discards of the Algarve (southern Portugal) crustacean trawl fishery. Hydrobiologia, 449, 267 - 277. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1017575429808","Kocak, C., Katagan, T. & Kocatas, A. (2001) Anomurans of the Aegean coasts of Turkey and reported species from Turkish seas. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 25, 305 - 311.","Abello, P., Carbonell, A. & Torres, P. (2002) Biogeography of epibenthic crustaceans on the shelf and upper slope off the Iberian Peninsula Mediterranean coasts: implications for the establishment of natural management areas. Scientia Marina, 66 (2), 183 - 198.","Biagi, F., Sartor, P., Ardizzone, G. D., Belcari, P., Belluscio, A. & Serena, F. (2002) Analysis of demersal assemblages off the Tuscany and Latium coasts (north-western Mediterranean). Scientia Marina, 66 (2), 233 - 242.","Colloca, F., Carpentieri, P., Balestri, E. & Ardizzone, G. D. (2004) A critical habitat for Mediterranean fish resources: shelfbreak areas with Leptometra phalangium (Echinodermata: Crinoidea). Marine Biology, 145 (6), 1129 - 1142. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 004 - 1405 - 8","Company, J. B., Maiorano, P., Tselepides, A., Politou, C. - Y., Plaity, W., Rotllant, G. & Sarda, F. (2004). Deep-sea decapod crustaceans in the western and central Mediterranean Sea: preliminary aspects of species distribution, biomass and population structure. Scientia Marina, 68 (3), 73 - 86.","Ungaro, N., Marano, C. A., Ceriola, L. & Martino, M. (2005) Distribution of demersal crustaceans in the southern Adriatic Sea. Acta Adriatica, 46 (1), 27 - 40.","Ates, A. S., Katagan, T. & Kocatas, A. (2006) Bathymetric distribution of decapod crustaceans on the continental shelf along the Aegean coasts of Turkey. Crustaceana, 79 (2), 129 - 141. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854006776952928","Fanelli, E. F., Colloca, F. & Ardizzone, G. D. (2007) Decapod crustacean assemblages off the West coast of central Italy (western Mediterranean). Scientia Marina, 71 (1), 19 - 28.","Cartes, J. E., Maynou, F., Fanelli, E., Papiol, V. & Lloris, D. (2009) Long-term changes in the composition and diversity of deep-slope megabenthos and trophic webs off Catalonia (western Mediterranean): are trends related to climatic oscillations? Progress in Oceanography, 82, 32 - 46. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pocean. 2009.03.003","Papiol, V., Cartes, J. E., Fanelli, E. & Maynou, F. (2012) Influence of environmental variables on the spatio-temporal dynamics of bentho-pelagic assemblages in the middle slope of the Baleric Basin (NW Mediterranean). Deep-Sea Research I, 61, 84 - 99. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2011.11.008","Ingle, R. W. (1993) Hermit crabs of the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea: an illustrated key. Chapman & Hall, London, 495 pp.","Milne-Edwards, A. & Bouvier, E. - L. (1900) Crustaces decapodes. Premiere partie. Brachyures et Anomoures. In: Milne- Edwards, A. (Ed.), Expeditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman pendant les annees 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883. Masson, Paris, pp. 1 - 396, 32 pls."]}

Dardanus arrosor (Herbst, 1796) (Fig. 5) Cancer arrosor Herbst 1796: 170, pl. 43 fig. 1. Pagurus arrosor.��� Stebbing, 1908: 22 (lit.).��� Barnard, 1950: 423, fig. 79 a. Dardanus arrosor.��� Schmitt, 1926: 45, fig. 69 B, E, H (comp. D. pectinatus)��� Forest, 1955: 90, fig. 19.��� Macpherson, 1983: 13 (Namibia, 117 m).��� Ingle, 1993: 55, figs. 17���20 (lit.).��� Garc��a Raso 1996: 738 (Ibero-Moroccan Gulf, 140���524 m). Material examined. MU86, 91��� 103 m, (1); MU 120, 109 ��� 105 m, (5); MU124, 97��� 85 m, (1); MU 136, 103 ��� 112 m, (2); MU137, 81��� 84 m, (3); MU139, 96��� 97 m, (3); MU 148, 215 ��� 245 m, (2); MU149, 93��� 146 m, (1); MU 156, 107 ��� 102 m, (1); MU158, 80��� 98 m, (2); MU161, 89��� 92 m, (1); MU 171, 105 ��� 100 m, (1); MU 173, 314 ��� 540 m, (1); MU 183, 138 ��� 177 m, (1); MU 240, 106 ��� 108 m, (1); MU 266, 103 m, (1); MUBV 19, 306 m, (6); MUBV 20, 155 m, (2); MUBV 21, 107 ��� 109 m, (15); MUBV 22, 300 m, (1). Males: 2.62���16.54 mm, females: 2.72���11.12 mm, ovigerous females: 3.83���5.55 mm. Habitat. Ubiquitous eurybathic species distributed from coastal detritic bottoms to bathyal muds (d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999). This species was reported in muddy and sandy-mud bottoms with Isidella and Funiculina off southern Morocco; in muddy coastal shell detritic bottoms with Veretillum off Western Sahara and on mud and sandy mud bottoms in the Banc d���Arguin (Maurin 1968). Also recorded on ���sand of shell���, ���shell remains��� and ���shell remains Foram.��� off N Morocco (Garc��a Raso 1996) and mainly on muddy bottoms off Namibia (Macpherson 1983). This hermit crab was found inhabiting shells of Argobuccinum costatum Born, A. giganteum Lam., Calliostoma granulatum Born, Charonia nodifera Lam., Dolium galea Linn�� [= Tonna galea (Linnaeus, 1758)], Fussus sp, Mesalia opalina Adams & Reeve, Murex cornutus Linn��, Nassa sp., Natica fulminea Gmel., Sveltia lyrata Brocchi and ��� Xenophora senegalensis P. Fisher (= mediterranea Tiber)��� (Forest 1955). The species was reported associated with many different organisms compiled by Williams and McDermott (2004), to which Schuchert (2008) added the hydrozoan species Hydractinia pruvoti Motz-Kossowska, 1905 (= Podocoryna pruvoti). Our material was collected from sand and sandy mud bottoms, inhabiting shells of Ranella olearium (Linnaeus, 1758), Tonna galea (Linnaeus, 1758), Fusinus sp., Afer pseudofusinus Fraussen & Hadorn, 2000, Natica sp., Natica canariensis Odhner, 1932, Genota sp., Nassarius arcadioi Rol��n & Hern��ndez, 2005, Marginella sp., Persicula cingulata (Dillwyn, 1817), Bivetiella cancellata (Linnaeus, 1767), Clavatula sp., Xenophora crispa (K��nig, 1825), Calliostoma sp. and Natica monodi Marche-Marchad, 1957. One specimen was found in a shelter of the sponge Suberites sp. As epibionts over the shells we found the hydrozoan species Hydractinia sp., Mitrocomella polydiademata (Romanes, 1876) and Clytia paulensis (Vanh��ffen, 1910), one sponge of the family Raspailiidae, the actiniarian Adamsia palliata (Fabricius, 1779), some bivalves of the family Anomiidae, some Serpulidae polychaetes and the bryozoans Hagiosynodos sp, and Hippoporidra picardi Gautier, 1962. Distribution. Evenly distributed in the E Atlantic from the Bay of Biscay to South Africa, including the Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands and the Mediterranean Sea (d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999), but also reported in the Indo-Pacific, Japan, Taiwan and New Zealand (Asakura 2006; Yaldwyn & Webber 2011). Subsequent records of this species fit well in this distribution (Maynou and Cartes 2000; Abell�� et al. 2002; Garc��a Raso & Manj��n-Cabeza 2002; Pipitone & Arculeo 2003; Ates et al. 2006; Fanelli et al. 2007; Pipitone & Vaccaro 2011; Mu��oz et al. 2012). For this species the reported depth range extends from 5���750 m (d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999) and our material was collected from 81���84 m to 314���540 m depth. Remarks. Our specimens agree with those described by Ingle (1993). Faded specimens of Dardanus arrosor can be easily differentiated from D. pectinatus (Ortmann, 1892) by the longitudinal depression on left pereiopod 2 propodus lateral face present in D. pectinatus (Schmidtt 1926; Forest 1955)., Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2015, Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species, pp. 151-190 in Zootaxa 3926 (2) on pages 159-161, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/242192, {"references":["Herbst, J. F. W. (1796) Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Krabben und Krebse nebst einer systematischen Beschreibung ihrer verschiedenen Arten. Zweyter Band mit mit XXV Kupfer-Tafeln und Register. Krebse. Stralsund (Lange), Berlin, viii + 225 pp. + 25 Tab. [pp. i - viii, 1 - 225, Tab. 22 - 46]","Stebbing, T. R. R. (1908) South African Crustacea (Part IV). Annals of the South African Museum, 6, 1 - 96, pls. 27 - 40.","Barnard, K. H. (1950) Descriptive catalogue of South African decapod Crustacea (crabs and shrimps). Annals of the South African Museum, 38, 1 - 837.","Schmitt, W. L. (1926) The macruran, anomuran and stomatopod crustaceans collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909 - 1915. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 53, 1 - 67, pls. 1 - 9.","Forest, J. (1955) Crustaces Decapodes, Pagurides. Expedition Oceanographique Belge dans les Eaux Cotieres Africaines de L'Atlantique Sud (1948 - 1949). Resultats Scientifiques. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belge, 3 (4), 23 - 147.","Macpherson, E. (1983) Crustaceos decapodos capturados en las costas de Namibia. Resultados Expediciones Cientificas, 11, 3 - 80.","Ingle, R. W. (1993) Hermit crabs of the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea: an illustrated key. Chapman & Hall, London, 495 pp.","Garcia Raso, J. E. (1996) Crustacea Decapoda (excl. Sergestidae) from Ibero-Moroccan waters. Results of Balgim- 84 Expedition. Bulletin of Marine Science, 58 (3), 730 - 752.","d'Udekem d'Acoz, C. (1999) Inventaire et distribution des crustaces decapodes de l'Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Mediterranee et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25 ° N. Paris, Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Service du patrimoine naturel, 40, 1 - 383.","Maurin, C. (1968) Les crustaces captures par la \" Thalassa \" au large des cotes nord-ouest africaines. Revue Roumanie de Biologie, Serie de Zoologie, 13, 479 - 493.","Williams, J. D. & McDermott, J. J. (2004) Hermit crab biocoenoses: A worldwide review of the diversity and natural history of hermit crab associates. Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology, 305, 1 - 128. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jembe. 2004.02.020","Schuchert, P. (2008) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 3. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 115, 221 - 302.","Asakura, A. (2006) Shallow water hermit crabs of the families Pylochelidae, Diogenidae, Paguridae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) from the Sea of Japan, with a description of a new species of Diogenes. Bulletin of the Toyama Science Museum, 29, 23 - 103.","Yaldwyn, J. C. & Webber, W. R. (2011) Annotated checklist of New Zealand Decapoda (Anthropoda: Crustacea). Tuhinga, 22, 171 - 272.","Maynou, F. & Cartes, J. E. (2000) Community structure of bathyal decapod crustaceans off south-west Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean): seasonality and regional patterns in zonation. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 80, 789 - 798. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400002769","Abello, P., Carbonell, A. & Torres, P. (2002) Biogeography of epibenthic crustaceans on the shelf and upper slope off the Iberian Peninsula Mediterranean coasts: implications for the establishment of natural management areas. Scientia Marina, 66 (2), 183 - 198.","Pipitone, C. & Arculeo, M. (2003) The marine Crustacea Decapoda of Sicily (central Mediterranean Sea): a checklist with remarks on their distribution. Italian Journal of Zoology, 70, 69 - 78. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000309356498","Ates, A. S., Katagan, T. & Kocatas, A. (2006) Bathymetric distribution of decapod crustaceans on the continental shelf along the Aegean coasts of Turkey. Crustaceana, 79 (2), 129 - 141. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854006776952928","Fanelli, E. F., Colloca, F. & Ardizzone, G. D. (2007) Decapod crustacean assemblages off the West coast of central Italy (western Mediterranean). Scientia Marina, 71 (1), 19 - 28.","Pipitone, C. & Vaccaro, A. M. (2011) Crustacea Decapoda from Ustica (southern Tyrrhenian Sea): species distribution in different habitats and sampling approach. In: Pessani, D., Tirelli, T. & Froglia, C. (Eds.), IX Colloquium Crustacea Mediterranea Torino, September 2 - 6, 2008. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, pp. 413 - 434. [Italy]","Munoz, I., Garcia-Isarch, E., Sobrino, I., Burgos, C., Funny, R. & Gonzalez-Porto, M. (2012) Distribution, abundance and assemblages of decapod crustaceans in waters off Guinea-Bissau (north-west Africa). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 92 (3), 475 - 494. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315411001895"]}

Pagurus prideaux Leach, 1815 (Fig. 17) Pagurus Prideaux Leach, 1815: text to and pl. 26 figs. 5, 6. Pagurus prideauxi. ��� Forest, 1966: 158. Pagurus prideaux. ��� Ingle, 1993: 148, figs. 121���124 (lit.). Material examined. MU86, 91��� 103 m, (1); MU88, 94��� 120 m, (1); MU201, 87 m, (2); MU205, 89��� 93 m, (2). Males: 6.17���6.86 mm, ovigerous females: 5.87���7.86 mm Habitat. Bottoms of Zostera marina Linnaeus, 1753, maerl and littoral detritic bottoms to bathyal muds (d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999). Also reported in Posidonia oceanica meadows (Pipitone & Arculeo 2003; Ates et al. 2004) and rocky bottoms (Pipitone & Arculeo 2003; Pipitone & Vaccaro 2011). Pagurus prideaux was mainly found inhabiting shells of Fusinus rostratus (Olivi, 1792), Naticarius hebraeus (Martyn, 1786) and Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791) but was also found in Buccinum humphreysianum Bennett, 1824 and Galeodea echinophora (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Mediterranean Sea (Caruso et al. 2004). The symbionts on shells were summarized by Williams & McDermott (2004). We found our specimens on sandy bottoms, inhabiting shells of the gastropod species Calliostoma granulatum (Born, 1778), Natica canariensis Odhner, 1932 and an unidentified species of the genus Natica, associated with hydrozoan species Clytia paulensis (Vanh��ffen, 1910) and Hydractinia multitentaculata (Millard, 1975), as well as with the cirriped Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854). All specimens were in symbiosis with the actinian Adamsia palliata (O. F. M��ller, 1776). Distribution. Widely distributed in the eastern Atlantic from the southwestern Norwegian coast to Guinea, including Madeira, the Canary and Cape Verde Islands and the Mediterranean Sea (Caruso et al. 2004). The record from the Red Sea was considered dubious by d���Udekem d���Acoz (1999). Bathymetric distribution from the intertidal zone (d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999) down to 678 m depth (Caruso et al. 2004). Other records of this species (Ates et al. 2004; Ungaro et al. 2005; Ates et al. 2006; Serrano et al. 2006; Fanelli et al. 2007; Cartes et al. 2007; Garc��a-Mu��oz et al. 2008; S��nchez et al. 2008; Ko��ak et al. 2010; Serrano et al. 2011; Pipitone & Vaccaro 2011; El Lakhrach et al. 2010; Ellis et al. 2013) fit well with the above-mentioned distribution. Remarks. Our specimens coincide with those described and figured by Ingle (1993)., Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2015, Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species, pp. 151-190 in Zootaxa 3926 (2) on pages 177-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/242192, {"references":["Leach, W. E. (1815 - 1875) Malacostraca Podophthalmata Britanniae; or descriptions of such British species of the Linnean Genus Cancer as have their eyes elevated on footstalks. London, Sowerby, 124 pp, pls. 1 - 45. [pl. 26 published 1815]","Forest J. (1966) Crustaces decapodes: Pagurides. Campagne de la Calypso dans le golfe de Guinee et aux iles Principe, Sao Tome et Annobon (1956), Annales del'Institut Oceanographique, Monaco, 44 (12), 125 - 172.","Ingle, R. W. (1993) Hermit crabs of the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea: an illustrated key. Chapman & Hall, London, 495 pp.","d'Udekem d'Acoz, C. (1999) Inventaire et distribution des crustaces decapodes de l'Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Mediterranee et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25 ° N. Paris, Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Service du patrimoine naturel, 40, 1 - 383.","Pipitone, C. & Arculeo, M. (2003) The marine Crustacea Decapoda of Sicily (central Mediterranean Sea): a checklist with remarks on their distribution. Italian Journal of Zoology, 70, 69 - 78. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000309356498","Ates, A. S., Katagan, T. & Kocatas, A. (2004) Decapod fauna of shallow water Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, 1813 meadows in the Aegean Sea coasts of Turkey. E. U. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 21 (1 - 2), 39 - 42.","Pipitone, C. & Vaccaro, A. M. (2011) Crustacea Decapoda from Ustica (southern Tyrrhenian Sea): species distribution in different habitats and sampling approach. In: Pessani, D., Tirelli, T. & Froglia, C. (Eds.), IX Colloquium Crustacea Mediterranea Torino, September 2 - 6, 2008. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, pp. 413 - 434. [Italy]","Caruso, T., Falciai, L. & Zupo, V. (2004) Note on a deep population of Pagurus prideaux Leach, 1815 (Decapoda, Anomura). Crustaceana, 77 (6), 757 - 760. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 1568540041958608","Williams, J. D. & McDermott, J. J. (2004) Hermit crab biocoenoses: A worldwide review of the diversity and natural history of hermit crab associates. Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology, 305, 1 - 128. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jembe. 2004.02.020","Ungaro, N., Marano, C. A., Ceriola, L. & Martino, M. (2005) Distribution of demersal crustaceans in the southern Adriatic Sea. Acta Adriatica, 46 (1), 27 - 40.","Ates, A. S., Katagan, T. & Kocatas, A. (2006) Bathymetric distribution of decapod crustaceans on the continental shelf along the Aegean coasts of Turkey. Crustaceana, 79 (2), 129 - 141. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854006776952928","Serrano, A., Sanchez, F. & Garcia-Castrillo, G. (2006) Epibenthic communities of trawlable grounds of the Cantabrian Sea. Scientia Marina, 70 S 1, 149 - 159.","Fanelli, E. F., Colloca, F. & Ardizzone, G. D. (2007) Decapod crustacean assemblages off the West coast of central Italy (western Mediterranean). Scientia Marina, 71 (1), 19 - 28.","Cartes, J. E., Serrano, A., Velasco, F., Parra, S. & Sanchez, F. (2007) Community structure and dynamics of deep-water decapod assemblages from Le Danois Bank (Cantabrian Sea, NE Atlantic): Influence of environmental variables and food availability. Progress in Oceanography, 75, 797 - 816. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pocean. 2007.09.003","Garcia-Munoz, J. E., Manjon-Cabeza, M. E. & Garcia-Raso, J. E. (2008) Decapod crustacean assemblages from littoral bottoms of the Alboran Sea (Spain, west Mediterranean Sea): spatial and temporal variability. Scientia Marina, 72 (3), 437 - 449.","Sanchez, F., Serrano, A., Parra, A., Ballesteros, M. & Cartes, J. E. (2008) Habitat characteristics as determinant of the structure and spatial distribution of epibenthic and demersal communities of Le Danois Bank (Cantabrian Sea, N Spain). Journal of Marine Systems, 72, 64 - 86. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jmarsys. 2007.04.008","Kocak, C., Kirkim, F. & Katagan, T. (2010) Anomuran (Crustacea, Decapoda) fauna of Fethiye Bay (Turkey, eastern Mediterranean). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 34, 333 - 342.","Serrano, A., Sanchez, F., Punzon, A., Velasco, F. & Olaso, I. (2011) Deep sea megafaunal assemblages off the northern Iberian slope related to environmental factors. Scientia Marina, 75 (3), 425 - 437. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2011.75 n 3425","Ellis, J. R., Martinez, I., Burt, G. J. & Scott, B. E. (2013) Epibenthic assemblages in the Celtic Sea and associated with the Jones Bank. Progress in Oceanography, 117, 76 - 88. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pocean. 2013.06.012"]}

Pseudopaguristes marocanus (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1891) n. comb. (Fig. 13) Paguristes Marocanus A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1891: 151. Paguristes marocanus.��� A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892: 207; 1900: 167, pl. 23 figs. 1���6.��� Forest, 1954 a: 175, figs. 14, 29, 42 and 45. Material examined. MUBV 08, 174 ��� 168 m, (41); MUBV 10, 332 ��� 344 m, (1). Males: 2.11���4.51 mm, females: 2.25���2.55 mm, ovigerous females: 2.22���3.52 mm Type material. ��� Talisman ���, 13 July 1883, no. 91, 115 ��� 140 m, lat. 21 �� 51 'N, long. 19 �� 48 'W, north of Banc d���Arguin, Sahara coasts, muddy sand, Milne-Edwards & Bouvier det. [MNHN-IU- 2008-14991 (= MNHN- Pg 1612)], adult male, sl 2.31 mm, entire but third pereiopod detached, with a shell of the gastropod Turritella wareni Ryall & Vos, 2010. Additional material. C��tes du Sahara, 1884, De Cuverville coll. [MNHN-IU- 2013-11300 (= MNHN- Pg 1614)], adult male, sl 2.25 mm, left second pereiopod and both third pereiopods missing, proximal abdomen translucent. Description. The females, not previously described, are morphologically similar to the males with no major differences other than those attributed to sex. Females are smaller, with one gonopore on each P 3 coxa, paired uniramous first pleopods and the brood pouch represented by dense plumose setae; ovigerous females with few (up to 9) but large (average = 0.79 mm) eggs. Habitat. Reported from bottoms of sand, shells and corals (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1900: 169). The species was reported in a left coiled shell of Fusinus maroccensis (Gmelin, 1791) (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1891, 1892, 1900; as Sinistralia Maroceana, Fusus marocanus and Sinistralia Marocana respectively) and in a right coiled ���turritelle��� shell (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1900) here identified as Turritella wareni Ryall & Vos, 2010. All our specimens were without a shell. Distribution. Western Sahara (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1900; Forest 1954 a) and off Mauritania (Cap Blanc) (present work) in depths from 115���140 m (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1900: 169) to 332���344 m (present work). This is the first record since the original description and the first record of the species in Mauritanian waters. Remarks. The original description of Pseudopagurus marocanus n. comb. included only a short diagnosis within the report of the first hermit crab inhabiting a left coiled shell (Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1891). The same short description was included in the preliminary report of the hermit crabs collected by the Travailleur and the Talisman (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1892), but a detailed description and some figures of the species, based on five specimens collected by the Talisman in 1883, were not provided until 1900 (Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1900). Of these five collected specimens, only two are now deposited in the MNHN and were reviewed for this work: one male from 26 ��N, 17 ��08'W (caught off Cap Bojador, at 130 m depth) figured by Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1900 (see Forest 1954 a), and another male from 21 �� 51 'N, 19 �� 48 'W (north of Banc d���Arguin, but off W Sahara coasts, at 115���140 m). The location of the other three specimens, one male from 21 �� 51 'N, 19 �� 48 'W (135���290 m) and another two specimens from 21 �� 51 'N, 19 �� 48 'W (115���140 m, no sex specified) is unknown. One male collected by Cuverville in the western Sahara was deposited in MNHN, Paris (Forest 1954 a) and was also reviewed here as additional material. Despite the limited number of specimens mentioned in the literature, this species was very abundant at station MUBV 08, where 237 specimens were captured (41 preserved for further study). All these specimens coincide with those described by A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1900) and Forest (1954 a) as Paguristes marocanus and we were certain about their identification. However, in all the examined specimens, including the type and additional material from MNHN of Paris, we found only eight pairs of functional gills, no arthrobranchiae on thoracic segment 3 (over maxilliped 3) and very reduced or absent on segment 4 (over chelipeds), and pleurobranchiae absent on thoracic segment 5 (over pereiopod 2). The genus Pseudopaguristes was erected by McLaughlin (2002) for those species closely related to Paguristes but with eight pairs of functional phyllobranchiae; subsequently, Rahayu (2005) amended the diagnosis and transferred some species previously included in Paguristes to Pseudopaguristes. In agreement with these authors, and after reviewing the type material, we conclude that Paguristes marocanus should be included in genus Pseudopaguristes, as Pseudopaguristes marocanus n. comb. Our male specimens agree with the type material checked during this study but we noticed some variation in the eyestalk and cornea related with size. In the small specimens the eyestalk is shorter and stout with a more inflated cornea, whereas in bigger specimens the eyestalk is slender and the cornea is not so dilated. In addition we decribed here the females of this species for the first time. Our records of Pseudopaguristes marocanus n. comb. off Cape Blanc are the southernmost and deepest ever reported., Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2015, Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species, pp. 151-190 in Zootaxa 3926 (2) on pages 170-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/242192, {"references":["Milne-Edwards, A. & Bouvier, E. - L. (1891) Sur les modifications que subissent les Pagures suivant l'enroulement de la coquille qu'ils habitent. Bulletin de la Societe philomathique de Paris, Serie 8 e, 3 (1), 151 - 153.","Milne-Edwards, A. & Bouvier, E. - L. (1892) Observations preliminaires sur les paguriens recueillis par les expeditions du Travailleur et du Talisman. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Serie 7 e, 13, 185 - 226.","Forest, J. (1954 a) Les Paguristes des cotes occidentales et meridionales d'Afrique. Annals of the South African Museum, 41 (4), 159 - 213.","Milne-Edwards, A. & Bouvier, E. - L. (1900) Crustaces decapodes. Premiere partie. Brachyures et Anomoures. In: Milne- Edwards, A. (Ed.), Expeditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman pendant les annees 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883. Masson, Paris, pp. 1 - 396, 32 pls.","McLaughlin, P. A. (2002) Pseudopaguristes, a new and aberrant genus of hermit crabs (Anomura: Paguroidea: Diogenidae). Micronesica, 34, 185 - 199.","Rahayu, D. L. (2005) Additions to the Indonesian fauna of the hermit crab genus Pseudopaguristes McLaughlin and a further division of the genus Paguristes Dana (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguroidea: Diogenidae). Zootaxa, 831, 1 - 42."]}

Paragiopagurus macrocerus (Forest, 1955) (Fig. 19) Parapagurus macrocerus Forest, 1955: 101, fig. 22, pl. 3 figs. 1���7. Parapagurus macrocerus. ���de Saint Laurent, 1972: 116 (cit.).��� Macpherson, 1983: 12 (Namibia, 240 m) Sympagurus macrocerus.��� Lemaitre, 1990: 227 (key); 233, figs. 9, 10. Paragiopagurus macrocerus.��� Lemaitre, 1996: 207 (new comb.) Material examined. MU 143, 322 m, (1); MU 206, 362 ��� 364 m, (1); MUBV 10, 332 ��� 344 m, (17). Males: 4.91���7.58 mm, females: 4.18���5.20 mm, ovigerous females: 4.41���6.06 mm Habitat. Forest (1955) reported this species in shells of the gastropods Clavatula sp., Fusus sp., Nassa sp., Natica sp. and Sveltia lyrata (Brocchi, 1814). It was also reported inhabiting gastropods shells carrying an unidentified actinian (Lemaitre 1990). Our specimens were found on sandy bottoms and in shells of the gastropod species Nassarius wolffi (Knudsen, 1956), associated with three different species of actinians. Distribution. Eastern Atlantic from Mauritania (present work) to Namibian coasts (Macpherson 1983), between 145 m (Forest 1955) and 362���364 m depth (present work). Remarks. Our specimens concur with the original description and figures and also with those provided by Lemaitre (1990). The variability in the shape of the right cheliped was noticed by Forest (1955), who described it as being relatively short in females (with sl over 5 mm). Lemaitre (1990) indicated that the proportions of the carpus and chela of the right cheliped varied with size and sex, usually being broader in females. In our material we found the same variations described for the females in the smaller males. This species was reported from Namibia, Angola, Congo and Ivory Coast in waters from 145 to 240 ��� 270 m (Forest 1955; Macpherson 1983; Lemaitre 1990). Our findings extend the geographical distribution of the species northwards and the bathymetrical range down to 362���364 m depth., Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2015, Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species, pp. 151-190 in Zootaxa 3926 (2) on pages 179-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/242192, {"references":["Forest, J. (1955) Crustaces Decapodes, Pagurides. Expedition Oceanographique Belge dans les Eaux Cotieres Africaines de L'Atlantique Sud (1948 - 1949). Resultats Scientifiques. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belge, 3 (4), 23 - 147.","Saint Laurent, M. de (1972) Sur la famille des Parapaguridae Smith, 1882. Description de Typhlopagurus foresti gen. nov., sp. nov., et de quinze especes ou sous-especes nouvelles de Parapagurus Smith (Crustacea, Decapoda). Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 42 (2), 97 - 123.","Macpherson, E. (1983) Crustaceos decapodos capturados en las costas de Namibia. Resultados Expediciones Cientificas, 11, 3 - 80.","Lemaitre, R. (1990) A review of eastern Atlantic species of the family Parapaguridae (Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea). Journal of Natural History, 24, 219 - 240. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939000770141","Lemaitre, R. (1996) Hermit crabs of the family Parapaguridae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) from Australia: species of Strobopagurus Lemaitre, 1989, Sympagurus Smith, 1883, and two new genera. Records of the Australian Museum, 48 (2), 163 - 221. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.48.1996.286"]}

Paguristes candelae n. sp. (Fig. 7–12) Material examined. Holotype: Stn. MU 140 (17 ° 39 ' 25 "N, 16 ° 38 ' 11 "W to 17 ° 42 ' 28 "N, 16 ° 38 '00"W), 376–377 m, 4 November 2008 (MNCN 20.04 / 9822), male, sl 9.54 mm, entire, part of the anterior right branchiostegite is missing, inhabiting a shell of Euthriostoma saharicum (Locard, 1897) attached with two specimens of an unidentified actinia. Paratypes: Stn. MUBV 18 (18 ° 28 ' 27 " N, 16 ° 42 ' 43 "W to 18 ° 28 ' 14 "N, 16 ° 42 ' 40 "W), 559–574 m, 11 December 2009 (MNCN 20.04 / 9823), 1 female, sl 5.10 mm, entire, lacking right pereiopod 4 dactylus and half propodus, without a shell; Stn MUDR 12 (19 ° 52 ' 38 "N, 17 ° 22 ' 23 "W), 485 m, 26 November 2010 (UVIGOBA 3 –02500), 1 female, sl 3.91 mm, entire, right P 3 and left P 2 detached, inhabiting a shell of Nassarius wolffi (Knudsen, 1956) (specimen added posteriorly, collected in the same area with a rock dredge). Description. Shield slightly longer than broad (1.04 times); anterolateral margins weakly sloping, one spine on anterolateral angle; anterior margin between rostrum and lateral projections concave; posterior margin truncated; dorsal surface rugose with low, irregular elevations on gastric region on either side of the midline and scattered tufts of long simple setae laterally (Fig. 8 A). Rostrum short, broadly triangular, with a terminal thin spine weakly curved ventrally, falling short in relation to the lateral projections; dorsal surface with a median elevation; lateral margins smooth and furnished with long plumose setae. Lateral projections subtriangular, with small and weakly developed marginal blunt spines on the left, not developed on the right (Fig. 8 B). Branchiostegites strongly calcified (Figs. 7 A, B), anterior margin smooth and furnished with long plumose setae on the left (right is missing); covering 13 pairs of biserial phyllobranchiae; pleurobranchiae above pereiopods 2–4. Ocular peduncles moderately slender (5.85 times longer than the width of cornea), about 0.54 times as long as shield, cylindrical, weakly inflated basally, cornea not dilated; both dorsal surfaces with dorsolateral tufts of long simple setae proximally and a longitudinal dorsomesial row of long simple setae (Fig. 8 B). Ocular acicles subtriangular, ending in a simple spine on the left and with an additional small spine behind the main one (Fig. 8 B); mesial and lateral margins unarmed; mesial margin furnished with short plumose setae; separated by 0.3 basal width of one acicle. Antennular peduncles, when fully extended, overreach distal margins of corneas by 0.8 length of ultimate segment. Ultimate segment with a dorsal longitudinal row of scattered long, simple setae; penultimate segment without setae. Basal segment with spine on dorsolateral margin of statocyst lobe, laterodistal margin with spinule, ventromesial distal angle produced, ending in acute spine. Antennal peduncles, when fully extended, overreach cornea by 1 / 3 the length of the fifth segment; fifth segment unarmed; fourth segment with a small spine at dorsodistal margin; third segment with ventromesial distal angle strongly produced, ending in a strong spine; second segment with dorsolateral distal margin produced, ending in three spines almost concealed by a tuft of long simple setae, lateral margin with a small spine on the left antenna and smooth on the right one, dorsomesial angle with two distal spines, mesial row of short plumose setae; first segment with a very small laterodistal marginal spine on the left antenna, unarmed on the right one. Antennal acicles moderately long, slightly falling short of the distal margin of the ultimate peduncular segment, with numerous long simple setae; ending in a strong bifid spine; inflated basally; mesial margin with eight (left) or seven (right) strong spines, lateral margin armed distally with two (right) or three (left) strong spines (Fig. 8 B). Antennal flagella three times the length of the shield, slightly exceeding the tips of chelipeds, composed of about 50 articles, each with simple setae on their distal margin; setae up to six articles long. Third maxilliped ischium with well-developed crista dentata composed of moderately sized corneous teeth, without accessory tooth, ventrodistal margin and dorsolateral corner with one spine; merus with three moderate and separated ventral spines, one spine on dorsodistal margin; carpus with one spine on dorsodistal margin; dactylus shorter than propodus (Fig. 10 D). Chelipeds subequal and with similar armature, left slightly large and longer than right (Fig. 7 C). Dactylus 1.5 times longer than palm, cutting edge with a row of small calcareous teeth in proximal 0.7 and a row of strong corneous teeth in distal 0.3, ending in a strong corneous claw, overlapped by a fixed finger; dorsomesial margin with an irregular row of moderately small, conical, corneous-tipped spines, decreasing in size distally, dorsal surface with scattered tufts of long stiff setae and a couple of spinulose tubercles proximally; mesial face protuberant ventrally (Fig. 10 B) with scattered tufts of short setae and corneous, or only corneous-tipped, spinules; ventral surface unarmed, with tufts of stiff setae. Palm slightly shorter than carpus (Fig. 10 A); dorsomesial margin with three strong, corneous-tipped spines, dorsal surface convex, without delineation of dorsolateral margin, with several irregular rows of moderately strong, corneous-tipped spines, decreasing in size on the fixed finger, and with a tuft of stiff setae; mesial surface with a couple of low protuberances distally, with tufts of long setae, mesiodistal margin unarmed; ventral surface well inflated, with row of spinulose tubercles with tufts of long setae along midline, extending onto the fixed finger, and few protuberances or tubercles laterally and mesially. Fixed finger not noticeably deflexed (Fig. 10 B); dorsal surface with irregular rows of moderately strong corneous-tipped spines, decreasing in size distally; lateral margin not clearly delineated; cutting edge with row of small calcareous teeth in proximal 0.7 and row of strong corneous teeth in distal 0.3, ending in a strong corneous claw; a narrow hiatus when the claw is closed. Carpus about 0.6 times as long as merus (Fig. 10 B); dorsomesial margin with an irregular row of four or five strong, conical, corneous-tipped spines, increasing in size distally; dorsal surface with single or double row of moderately strong, corneous-tipped spines at both sides of the midline and scattered tufts of long single setae; dorsodistal margin produced, with moderately small corneus-tipped spine laterally; dorsolateral margin not clearly delineated; mesial surface with tufts of setae along dorsal and distal margins; lateral surface with some scattered and moderately small tubercles, with tufts of setae; laterodistal margin with few small spines dorsally; ventral face unarmed. Merus moderately deep; dorsal surface with a row of small spinulose tubercles with tufts of long simple setae; dorsodistal margin weakly spinulose, with a spinulose transverse ridge running subdistally from lateral to mesial faces; mesial surface smooth; ventromesial margin with a row of moderately strong, corneoustipped spines and sparse simple setae; lateral surface with scattered small tubercles and few short setae (Fig. 10 B); ventral face unarmed and with a row of plumose setae distally following the ventrolateral margin; ventrolateral margin with small spine near distal corner. Ischium with a row of small spinulose tubercles, increasing in size distally, furnished with plumose setae on ventromesial margin, ventrolateral distal angle with a couple of small spines. Coxa unarmed. Second pereiopods overreaching chelipeds by about the total length of the dactylus (Figs. 7 A, 9 A). Dactylus about 0.6 times longer than propodus; weakly curved in lateral view, nearly straight or slightly twisted in dorsal view; ending in a strong, curved, corneous claw; each dorsal surface with a row of small to moderately small corneous-tipped spines, becoming smaller distally, partially obscured by numerous tufts of long setae; each mesial face with two rows of tufts of setae dorsally and ventrally (Fig. 10 C); lateral faces with two rows of sparse tufts of setae subdorsally and subventrally; each ventral margin with a row of about 30 small corneous spines anteriorly directed, increasing in size distally. Propodus distinctly longer than carpus; dorsal surfaces each with a more or less irregular row of strong, corneous-tipped spines mesially, less numerous on left pereiopod, partially obscured by tufts of long setae; dorsodistal margins with a spine; mesial surfaces with two entire rows of tufts of long setae dorsally and ventrally and one short row of scattered tufts of long setae on the proximal midline; lateral surfaces unarmed, each one with a row of tufts of long setae near the dorsal and ventral margins and also on the midline; ventral surfaces unarmed, each with an irregular row of tufts of long setae. Carpus dorsal surface with a row of strong, corneous-tipped spines mesially and tufts of long setae (Fig. 10 C), dorsodistal margin with a strong corneus-tipped spine; mesial surfaces smooth; lateral faces convex, each one with shallow longitudinal sulcus irregularly lined with scattered tufts of long simple setae, median scattered tufts of long simple setae and one row of lateroventral tufts of long simple setae; smooth ventral surfaces with a couple of tufts of short simple setae; ventrodistal margins with some long simple setae and a few short plumose setae. Merus strongly compressed laterally; each dorsal surface with a row of tufts of long simple setae; mesial and lateral surfaces smooth; each ventral surface with a mesial row of small spines or spinules and numerous long simple setae with some short plumose setae, ventrolateral angle furnished with two short plumose setae. Ischium dorsal surfaces with a row of spinules and some short plumose setae, dorsodistal margins with a short spine; ventral margins with a distal row of long plumose setae. Coxa unarmed other than with small spines on ventrolateral and ventromesial distal angles. Third pereiopods mostly similar to second in setation (Figs. 7 A, 9 A). Dactylus with a proximal single row of small corneous-tipped spines and small corneous spines distally on dorsomesial margin; each mesial surface with a single or a double row of small corneous spines ventral to midline (Fig. 10 C); each ventral surface with a row of about 30 small corneous spines anteriorly directed, flanked by two rows of tufts of long setae. Propodus unarmed. Carpus with a dorsal row of 2 or 3 spines proximally and a subdistal dorsal spine; mesial faces with one mediodistal tuft of setae (Fig. 10 C). Merus unarmed apart from a few spinules proximally on dorsal surfaces. Ischium with some barely noticeable spinules on dorsal surface and a very small subdistal spinous low tubercle. Coxa unarmed on dorsal and ventral margins. Fourth pereiopods setose on dorsal and ventral margins. Dactylus weakly curved, ending in a strong corneous claw, without preungal process (Fig. 10 E); dorsal surface unarmed; ventral surface with a lateral row extending to 0.7–0.8 length of ventral margin and composed of 6 or 7 corneous teeth. Propodal rasp formed by 5–6 rows of ovate scales (Fig. 10 E). Carpus and merus unarmed. Fifth pereiopods chelate, setose. Dactylus covered with ovate scales (Fig. 10 F). Propodus with a welldeveloped rasp (Fig. 10 F). Each coxa with a gonopore. Pleopods. First and second pleopods paired and modified (Figs. 11 A, 11 B). First pleopod robust, inferior lamella with the distal rounded margin furnished with 2–3 rows of hook-like spines (Fig. 11 C); external lobe with a curved tip and separated from the internal lobe by a wide rounded notch (Fig. 11 C); broad internal lobe with long setae distally (Figs. 11 A, 11 C). Second pleopod uniramous (Fig. 11 D). Third to fifth pleopods unpaired, exopods very well developed, endopods rudimentary. Abdominal tergites. Second and third abdominal tergites moderately calcified on their left (Fig. 7 B), with long plumose setae on the left margins; fourth abdominal tergite widely separated from the third tergite, with moderately long plumose setae. Uropods strongly asymmetrical (Fig. 9 D); each protopod with a few small corneous-tipped spines on its posteroventral margin. Telson with posterior lobes somewhat asymmetrical, left lobe larger than the right; broadly rounded; separated by a wide median cleft; terminal margins with short broad spines, 7 (left) and 6 (right) (Fig. 11 E); deep transverse indentations (as in Fig. 9 D); anterior lobes unarmed on their lateral margins. Females. Differences other than those attributed to sex: relative length of the antennal penduncle that falls short of distal cornea; absence of subterminal spine in the ocular acicles (Fig. 9 B); spines on ventrolateral and ventromesial distal angles on pereiopod 2, coxae almost inconspicuous; pereiopods 2 and 3 with the dactylus ventral margin furnished with fewer anteriorly directed corneus spines (about 20); pereiopod 4 with only five corneus teeth in the dactylus ventrolateral row; and telson with nine thinner marginal teeth on each lobe (Fig. 9 D). Females show paired gonopores (Fig. 12 A); first pleopods paired, uniramous; second to fifth pleopods unpaired, second to fourth with both rami well developed, exopods much longer than endopods and fifth pleopod shorter, with the exopod well developed and a vestigial endopod. Brood pouch moderately large, subtriangular, with smooth margins furnished with long plumose setae (Fig. 12 B). Etymology. Devoted to Candela, the daughter of the first author. Remarks. To date 18 species have been assigned to Paguristes in West Africa, seven of which were transferred to Areopaguristes (Rahayu 2005, present work) and one to Pseudopaguristes (present work). The type material of the other ten species must be checked in order to clarify their taxonomic status, as suggested by McLaughlin (2002) and Rahayu (2005). There are no indications of the gill number in the other ten Paguristes species in the literature, but P. candelae n. sp can be clearly differentiated by other features, including the multidentate ocular acicles (more than 3 spines) of Paguristes fagei Forest, 1952, Paguristes insularis Forest, 1966, Paguristes microphthalmus Forest, 1952, Paguristes oxyacanthus Forest, 1952 and Paguristes skoogi Odhner, 1923; the relative length of the rostrum, the antennal acicle and the antennal peduncle, as well as the morphology of chelipeds, and pereiopods 2 and 3 of the species Paguristes agulhasensis Forest, 1954 a, Paguristes barnardi Forest, 1954 a, Paguristes gamianus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1836), Paguristes macrotrichus Forest, 1954 a and Paguristes rubropictus A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892. Moreover, the presence of two gonopods in females was only described for P. gamianus and P. rubropictus, although this detail is unknown for P. agulhasensis (only one male was ever reported) and for P. barnardi, P. macrotrichus and P. skoogi because this feature was never specified; in the other species, females have only one gonopore on left third pereiopod. Paguristes eremita (Linnaeus, 1767), Paguristes streaensis Pastore, 1984 and Paguristes syrtensis de Saint Laurent, 1971, also reported from E Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea, have a rostrum that exceeds the lateral projections and granular chelipeds, whereas in Paguristes candelae n. sp. the rostrum falls short of the lateral projections and the chelipeds have strong corneus-tipped spines. We also checked the descriptions of the 31 species currently referred to as Paguristes sensu lato from the western Atlantic Ocean (A. Milne-Edwards 1880; A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1893; Benedict 1901; Schmitt 1933; Forest 1954 b; Holthuis 1959; Provenzano 1965; McLaughlin & Provenzano Jr. 1974, 1975; Campos & Sánchez 1995; Sandberg, 1996; Manjón-Cabeza et al. 2002); none of them concurred with the above-mentioned combination of features observed in our specimen, related to the rostrum, antennal acicles, cheliped morphology and telson armature.

Calocaris macandreae Bell, 1846 Calocaris Macandreae Bell, 1846: 233, four unnumbered figures. Calocaris macandreae.��� Ngoc-Ho, 2003: 459, figs. 6, 7.��� Sakai, 2011: 233, figs. 45���47 (lit. and syn.).��� Sakai & T��rkay, 2012: 729 (North Sea, 133 m; Mediterranean, from 45.1 to 1253 ��� 1278 -m depth); 2014: 160 (Denmark, 418 and 420 -m depth).��� Sakai et al., 2015: 3 (off Mauritania, 483 to 545 -m depth). Calocaris (Calocaris) barnardi.��� Barnard, 1950: 503, figs. 93, i���k. Calocaris barnardi.��� Macpherson, 1983: 42, figs. 25,b���d. Material examined. Expedition Maurit0911: Stn. MUDR 06, off Mauritania (17 �� 40��22 ���N, 16 �� 40��11 ���W) on coldwater coral reef, 435 -m depth, mud with coral rubble, rock dredge, 10.XII. 2009; two hermaphrodites, TL/CL: 28.46 / 10.08 mm (both pereiopod 1, left pereiopod 3 and right pereiopod 4 missing) and TL/CL: + 23.86 / + 10.25 mm (half rostrum, all pereiopods missing, abdomen detached). Expedition Maurit 1011: Stn. MUDR 11, canyon area off Banc d���Arguin, Mauritania (19 �� 38��25 ���N, 17 ��06��52 ���W), 322 -m depth, rock, rock dredge, 26.XI. 2010; one hermaphrodite, TL/CL: 26.38 / 9.46 mm, both pereiopod 1, left pereiopod 3 and right pereiopod 4 missing. Stn. MUDR 12, canyon area off Banc d���Arguin, Mauritania (19 �� 52��38 ���N, 17 �� 22��23 ���W), 485 -m depth, muddy coral rubble and shell debris, rock dredge, 26.XI. 2010; four hermaphrodites, TL/CL: + 31.02 /+ 9.84 mm (rostrum and left pereiopods 2 and 5 missing, telson damaged), TL/CL: 14.56 / 8.99 mm (right pereiopod 1, pereiopod 4 and pereiopod 5 missing), TL/CL: 34.06 / 12.35 mm (ovigerous; both pereiopod 1 missing) and TL/CL: 32.62 / 11.95 mm (ovigerous; left pereiopods 1, 3 and 4, and right pereiopod 4 missing, carapace and left uropod damaged). Stn. MUDR 16, canyon area off Banc d���Arguin, Mauritania (19 �� 30��59 ���N, 17 ��05��54 ���W), 474 -m depth, muddy coral rubble and shell debris, rock dredge, 27.XI. 2010; two hermaphrodites, TL/CL: 24.18 / 8.50 mm (left pereiopod 3 and right pereiopod 1 missing) and TL/CL: 27.43 / 9.97 mm (left pereiopods 3 and 4, and right pereiopods 1, 4 and 5 missing, left pereiopod 1 detached). Stn. MUDR 21, off Mauritania (16 �� 28��13 ���N, 16 �� 51��43 ���W) on cold-water coral reef, 522 -m depth, muddy coral rubble, rock dredge, 9.XII. 2010; one hermaphrodite, TL/CL: 28.41 / 11.14 mm (left pereiopods 3, 4 and 5, and right, pereiopod 3 missing). Stn. MUDR 22, off Mauritania (16 �� 47��30 ���N, 16 �� 50��28 ���W) on cold-water coral reef, 460 -m depth, muddy coral rubble, rock dredge, 9.XII. 2010; three hermaphrodites, TL/CL: 28.86 / 10.88 mm (all pereiopods missing except right pereiopod 1, abdomen damaged), TL/CL: + 24.68 /+ 8.67 mm (half rostrum, all pereiopods missing except right pereiopods 2 and 5, specimen broken in two fragments) and TL/CL: 39.45 / 10.46 mm (ovigerous, left pereiopods 2���4 and right pereiopods 1���4 missing. Habitat. This species has been reported on bottoms of shell debris (Garc��a Raso 1996), mud, mud with amphipod tubes, bioturbated mud, mud with cold-water coral debris (mainly Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata) (d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999; Sakai et al. 2015), at depths of 13 to 1432 m (Dworschak 2000). Our specimens were all captured in muddy coral rubble, at depths between 322 and 522 m. Distribution. East Atlantic from Iceland and Norway southwards to South Africa, including Mediterranean Sea (Ngoc-Ho 2003; Sakai 2011). Previously reported from Mauritanian waters by Sakai & de Saint Laurent (1989) and Sakai et al. (2015). Remarks. This species has been reported off Mauritania at 587 to 600 m (Sakai & de Saint Laurent 1989) and between 483 and 545 m (Sakai et al. 2015), which concurs with our findings. Along the West African coast, this species has also been reported slightly deeper at 719���724 -m depth off Morocco (Garc��a Raso 1996), at 300 and 380 -m depth off Namibia (Macpherson 1983 as Calocaris barnardi) and shallower at 84 and 162 -m depth off the South African Atlantic coast (Barnard 1950 as Calocaris (Calocaris) barnardi)., Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2015, Additions to thalassinidean fauna (Crustacea: Decapoda) off Mauritania (NW Africa) with the description of a new genus and a new species, pp. 571-587 in Zootaxa 4020 (3) on pages 575-576, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4020.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/238547, {"references":["Ngoc-Ho, N. (2003) European and Mediterranean Thalassinidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Zoosystema, 25 (3), 439 - 555.","Sakai, K. (2011) Axioidea of the world and a reconsideration of the Callianassoidea (Decapoda, Thalassinidea, Callianassida). In: Fransen, C. H. J. M. & Vaupel Klein, J. C. von (Eds.), Crustaceana Monographs. Vol. 13. Leiden, Brill, pp. 1 - 520. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789047424185","Sakai, K. & Turkay, M. (2012) A collection of Thalassinidea Latreille, 1831 (Decapoda, Pleocyemata) from the Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main. Crustaceana, 85, 723 - 765. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854012 X 643735","Sakai, K., Turkay, M., Beuck, L. & Freiwald, A. (2015) A collection of the Infraorder Callianassidea (Decapoda, Pleocyemata) with one new genus and five species from the Eastern Atlantic off Mauritania (R / V Maria S. Merian cruise MSM 16 / 3 \" PHAETON \"). Marine Biodiversity, 45 (1), 113 - 133. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 014 - 0227 - 2","Barnard, K. H. (1950) Descriptive catalogue of South African decapod Crustacea (crabs and shrimps). Annals of the South African Museum, 38, 1 - 837.","Macpherson, E. (1983) Crustaceos decapodos capturados en las costas de Namibia. Resultados Expediciones Cientificas, 11, 3 - 80.","Garcia Raso, J. E. (1996) Crustacea Decapoda (excl. Sergestidae) from Ibero - Moroccan waters. Results of Balgim - 84 Expedition. Bulletin of Marine Science, 58 (3), 730 - 752.","d'Udekem d'Acoz, C. (1999) Inventaire et distribution des crustaces decapodes de l'Atlantique nord - oriental, de la Mediterranee et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25 ° N. Collection Patrimoines Naturels. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 40, 1 - 383.","Dworschak, P. C. (2000) Global diversity in the Thalassinidea (Decapoda). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 20, 238 - 243. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 1937240 X- 90000025","Sakai, K. & Saint Laurent, M. de (1989) A check list of Axiidae (Decapoda, Crustacea, Thalassinidea, Anomura), with remarks and in addition descriptions of one new subfamily, eleven new genera and two new species. Naturalists, Publications of Tokushima Biological Laboratory, Shikoku University, 3, 1 - 104."]}

De Matos-Pita, Susana S., Ramil, Fran (2015): Additions to thalassinidean fauna (Crustacea: Decapoda) off Mauritania (NW Africa) with the description of a new genus and a new species. Zootaxa 4020 (3): 571-587, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4020.3.9

Genus Ezaxius n. gen. Diagnosis. Carapace faintly pitted. Rostrum triangular with upturned tip, laterally spinose, extending posteriorly as lateral carinae. Gastric region elevated, bearing 5 carinae: median, submedian and short lateral; submedian carinae converging anteriorly to form a horseshoe-like shape. No linea thalassinica. Cervical groove distinct only on dorsal surface, postcervical carina wide and short, weakly visible only over posterior median lobe. Eyes short, unpigmented, one-third rostrum length. Antennal acicle elongate, protruding straight forward. Anterolateral margin broadly rounded, unarmed. Maxilla 2 exopod posterior lobe with one long seta. Maxillipeds 1–3 with exopod and single epipod; maxilliped 2 with single podobranchia; maxilliped 3 with double podobranchia and single arthrobranchia. Pereiopods 1 and 2 chelate, pereiopods 1–4 with single epipod and double arthrobranchia, pereiopods 1–3 with double podobranchia. Pleurobranchia absent. Pleomeres unarmed; first somite with pleura acute; second broad, anteriorly and posteriorly rounded; 3–5 anteriorly rounded, declining to a rounded angle posteriorly; pleura on somite 6 rounded. Pleopod 1 uniramous, unsegmented; pleopods 2–5 alike, slender, with appendix interna; pleopod 2 without appendix masculina. Uropod exopod with spinose transverse suture. Telson longer than wide, with posterior margin rounded, without posteromedian tooth. Hermaphrodite. Type species. Ezaxius ferachevali new species, by present designation. Etymology. Generic name is a combination of the name Eza from the Spanish R/V Vizconde de Eza, on which the Maurit surveys were conducted, and the genus name Axius. Gender masculine. Remarks. Ezaxius n. gen., described here with pereiopod 2 chelate, should be included in the infraorder Axiidea/Callianassidea (see Table 1). Within this infraorder, the following combination of characters separates the new genus from all except the Axiidae and related families (see Table 1): the absence of linea thalassinica, the presence of a conspicuous rostrum and the presence of a long seta on maxilla 2 exopod posterior lobe. The presence of a uropodal exopod transverse suture, epipods on pereiopods 1–4 and an appendix masculina attached mesially on pleopod 2 endopod exclude the new genus from ‘Sakai et al. ’ families Eiconaxiidae and Eiconaxiopsididae (both without uropodal suture), Coralaxiidae (lacking epipods on pereiopods 1–4) and from Calocarididae (in which the appendix masculina is attached terminally). Therefore, we subsume Ezaxius n. gen. to the family Axiidea. Since the first attempt to identify valuable characters to define axiid genera by Kensley & Gore (1981: Table 1), the various authors have grouped the species mainly based on the morphology of the rostrum, length ratio rostrum/eyestalk, carapace carinae, antennal acicle, maxilliped 3, symmetry of the chelipeds, pleonal pleura, telson and uropods, as well as on the presence or absence of maxilla 2 posterior lobe long setae, epipods, exopods, branchiae, pleopods 1 and 2, appendix masculina, appendix interna and/or uropodal exopod transverse suture (e.g. Poore 1994; Ngoc-Ho 2003; Sakai 2011). Some of these characters must be taken with caution because they have been demonstrated to be ambivalent. Thus, although lateral and median carapace carinae is usually constant, the submedian carina can be poorly defined or blurred in different specimens of the same species, such as in Calaxius pitatucensis (de Man, 1925) (see Sakai 2011: 104; as Colemanaxius pitatucensis), in Allaxius aethiopicus (Nobili, 1904) and in Axiopsis serratifrons (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873) (see Sakai 2011: 41, 56, respectively); moreover, postcervical carina can be posteriorly distinct in larger specimens but indistinct in smaller mature specimens, such as in Eutrichocheles modestus (Herbst, 1796) (see Sakai 2011: 112). The presence or absence of pleopod 1 can also be confusing, mainly in species descriptions based on only one specimen, because of the absence of this appendage in young specimens of some species, such as Paraxiopsis brocki (de Man, 1888), in which pleopod 1 is a segmented flagellum in large ovigerous females but lacking in small females (Sakai 1992 b: 216). Variations in the armature of several body structures, including rostrum, gastric submedian carinae, telson, third maxilliped, chelipeds, second pereiopods, uropods and the length of the scaphocerite, were also observed between holotype and paratype specimens of Formosaxius dorsum Komai, Lin & Chan, 2010 by Komai et al. (2010: 3). Our material does not share all the foregoing characters with the 19 axiid genera cited by Poore (1994), with the updated 21 axiid genera listed by Komai & Tachikawa (2007), with the 44 genera included in the Axiidae by Sakai (2011), or with the features of the axiid genus Formosaxius Komai, Lin & Chan, 2010. A triangular rostrum with lateral teeth continuous with lateral carinae, the presence of five gastric anterior carinae, the elongate antennal acicle, pleopods 3–5 endopods with appendix interna and the presence of a transverse suture on uropodal exopod link Ezaxius n. gen. with Albatrossaxius Sakai, 2011, Axiorygma Kensley & Simmons, 1988, Balssaxius Sakai, 2011, Guyanacaris Sakai, 2011 and Leonardaxius Sakai, 2011. However, all of them present a conspicuous posteromedian tooth on telson (vs no tooth in Ezaxius n. gen.) and none of them was described as being hermaphrodite. Moreover, Ezaxius n. gen. can be separated from Albatrossaxius, Guyanacaris and Leonardaxius by the presence of appendix masculina (vs absent in our specimen); from Balssaxius by the cervical groove distinct along the entire length (vs dorsally but not fully laterally distinct) and from Axiorygma by the absence of postcervical carina and pleopod 1 (vs presence). Therefore, while generic definitions in this family continue to be unclear or vague (Kensley & Simmons 1988; Poore 1994; see above), we describe Ezaxius n. gen. here in order to accommodate the new species Ezaxius ferachevali n. sp.

De Matos-Pita, Susana S., Ramil, Fran (2015): Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3926 (2): 151-190, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3926.2.1

Areopaguristes mauritanicus (Bouvier, 1906) n. comb. (Figs. 2���4) Paguristes mauritanicus Bouvier 1906: 186, fig. 1.��� Forest, 1954 a: 179, figs. 16, 31, 44, 56; 1955: 54, fig. 8, pl. 1 figs. 7���9 (ref.); 1956: 343 (syn.); 1961: 215 (in part) [Guinea to Angola, 32 to 74 ��� 49 m, not those in Gabon transferred to P. cyanops by Forest (1978)]; 1966: 141 (Guinea-Bissau to Gabon, 18 to 100 ��� 90 m; S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe, 4 to 10 ��� 12 m). Paguristes skoogi Odhner, 1923: 6, pl. 1 (in part, see Forest 1956: 344). Material examined. MU 266, 103 m, (1); MUBV 21, 107 ��� 109 m, (2). Males: 2.98���3.70 mm Type material. Holotype: Mauritanie, au large de Nouakchott, 16���24 m, 1905, no. 37, Bouvier det. [MNHN- IU- 2008-14993 (= MNHN-Pg 1619)], adult male, sl 3.91 mm, left and right chelipeds, both third pereiopods and left second pereiopod detached, both first pleopods missing, in a shell of the gastropod genus Cancellaria. Additional material. IFAN, Senegal, M���Bao, 7.2. 51, �� 1 mille de la c��te, 5���14 m, Delais coll., J. Forest det. 1952 [MNHN-IU- 2013-13176 (= MNHN-Pg 1617)]; adult male, sl 2.34 mm, entire but with left second pereiopod detached; adult female, sl 1.47 mm, left cheliped missing, inside the carcinoecium built up by the bryozoan Hippoporidra picardi Gautier, 1962. IFAN-BIOLOGIE MARINE, Senegal, Baie de Gor��e, 15���20 m, J. M. Marchard coll. [MNHN-IU- 2013-13178 (=MNHN-Pg 1620)]; adult male, sl 2.15 mm, entire; three adult females, sl 1.81, 1.82 mm (entire) and 1.99 mm (right third pereiopod missing). Habitat. Reported from muddy bottoms but also on muddy sand, sand, shell sand, coarse shell sand, gravel, shells, calcareous algae, debris, bryozoans, foraminifers and rock (Forest 1954 a, 1955, 1961, 1966). This species was reported inhabiting shells of the genera Bullia, Cancellaria, Clavatula, Gibbula, Marginella, Mesalia, Nassa, Terebra, Trophon, Turritella, etc (Forest 1954 a) and in shells of Drillia rosacea (Reeve), Nassa sp, Persicula cingulata Dillwyn, Clavatula rubrifasciata Reeve, Murex sp., Phos grateloupianus Petit de la Saussaye, Turris sp. and Turritella annulata Kiener (Forest 1955, 1956). The bryozoan Hippoporidra picardi Gautier, 1962 was reported as a symbiont species associated with the gastropod shells inhabited by Areopaguristes mauritanicus n. comb. (Williams & McDermott 2004; as Paguristes mauritanicus). Our specimens were collected in shells of the genera Fussiturris and Genota. Distribution. From Rio de Oro (SW Sahara, 21 �� 30 'N. 17 ��05'W) (Forest 1961) to Angola (about 16 ��S) (Forest 1978: 537); depth ranges from 4 m (Forest 1966: 142) to 107���109 m (present work). Remarks. Our specimens concur with the type material examined during this study, and with the detailed description and figures given by Forest (1954 a, 1955). During the study of Maurit material we found only 12 pairs of functional gills in our specimens; no pleurobranchiae on the second thoracic segment were observed. The same gill formula was observed in the revision of the holotype and other African material from the MNHN. The genus Paguristes is characterized by 13 pairs of gills and Rahayu (2005) erected the genus Stratiotes (= Areopaguristes) to accommodate the species previously included in Paguristes with 12 pairs of gills. Following Rahayu (2005) and after the revision of the holotype, we concluded that Paguristes mauritanicus should be transferred to Areopaguristes. Areopaguristes difficilis (Forest 1952 c; as Paguristes difficilis) is closely related to A. mauritanicus, but the differences in the morphology of the chelipeds (subtriangular in A. difficilis versus oval in A. mauritanicus) and of the male first pleopods (inferior lamella two and a half times longer than wide and with distal hook-like spines distally versus about four times longer than wide and unarmed) can be used to separate both species. Forest (1978) described Paguristes cyanops (= Areopaguristes cyanops) as also closely related to A. mauritanicus, but the morphology of the male pleopods 1 and 2 is a reliable indication that the two species are separate. Forest (1978) described the tuft of setae on the inner face of pleopod 2 of A. mauritanicus with convergent setae. However, after checking the holotype, we noticed that these setae are not as convergent as those described for A. mauritanicus (Forest 1978: fig 13) but divergent, as those figured for A. cyanops (Forest 1978: fig. 11). This same divergence was observed in our specimens (Fig. 4). The morphology of pleopod 1, coincident with the description of Forest (1952 c, 1978), and the ocular peduncles with a uniform and equal diameter and a white proximal colouration that becomes light red distally, upholds the identification of our specimens as A. mauritanicus. Forest (1955, 1966, 1978) suggested a certain relation between latitude and depth, with a shallower distribution to the north. However, our findings from 107���109 m depth do not support this relation and constitute the deepest record for the species, similar to bathymetric records reported from Gabon and Ghana (Forest 1954 a, 1966; to 100 m)., Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2015, Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species, pp. 151-190 in Zootaxa 3926 (2) on pages 157-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/242192, {"references":["Bouvier, E. L. (1906) Sur les Crustaces Decapodes marins recueillis par M. Gruvel en Mauritanie. Bulletin du Museum national dHistoire naturelle, Paris, 12 (4), 185 - 187, fig. 1.","Forest, J. (1954 a) Les Paguristes des cotes occidentales et meridionales d'Afrique. Annals of the South African Museum, 41 (4), 159 - 213.","Forest, J. (1978) Sur deux Pagurides nouveaux de l'Atlantique tropical africain: Pagarus laurentae et Paguristes cyanops spp. nov. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 3 e serie, 356 (520), 525 - 538.","Forest J. (1966) Crustaces decapodes: Pagurides. Campagne de la Calypso dans le golfe de Guinee et aux iles Principe, Sao Tome et Annobon (1956), Annales del'Institut Oceanographique, Monaco, 44 (12), 125 - 172.","Odhner, T. (1923) Marine Crustacea Podophthalmata aus Angola und Sudafrika gesammelt von H. Skoog 1912. Meddelelser fran Goteborgs Museum, Zoologisk Avdelning, Series 4, 27 (5), 1 - 39.","Forest, J. (1956) Sur une collection de Paguridae de la cote de l'Or. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 126 (3), 335 - 367. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1956. tb 00442. x","Forest, J. (1955) Crustaces Decapodes, Pagurides. Expedition Oceanographique Belge dans les Eaux Cotieres Africaines de L'Atlantique Sud (1948 - 1949). Resultats Scientifiques. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belge, 3 (4), 23 - 147.","Forest, J. (1961) Pagurides de l'Afrique occidentale. Scientific Results of the Danish Expedition to the coasts of tropical West Africa 1945 - 1946. Atlantide Report, 6, 203 - 250.","Williams, J. D. & McDermott, J. J. (2004) Hermit crab biocoenoses: A worldwide review of the diversity and natural history of hermit crab associates. Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology, 305, 1 - 128. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jembe. 2004.02.020","Rahayu, D. L. (2005) Additions to the Indonesian fauna of the hermit crab genus Pseudopaguristes McLaughlin and a further division of the genus Paguristes Dana (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguroidea: Diogenidae). Zootaxa, 831, 1 - 42.","Forest, J. (1952 c) Notes preliminaires sur les Paguridae (Crustaces Decapodes) des cotes occidentales d'Afrique. I. Definition de Pseudopagurus gen. nov. et de Trizopagurus gen. nov. II. Diagnose sommaire de 6 especes nouvelles appartenant au genre Paguristes Dana. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, Serie 2 e, 24 (3), 254 - 262."]}

Calocarides coronatus (Trybom, 1904) Euconaxius coronatus Trybom, 1904: 384, Pl. 20 figs. 1 ���10, 13, 14, Pl. 21, figs. 1���8. Calocarides coronatus.���Sakai & de Saint Laurent, 1989: 80 (In part, see remarks).��� Sakai, 2011: 89 (references and synonymies) Material examined. Expedition Maurit 1011: Stn MU 276, Mauritania, off Saint Louis (16 �� 18��56 ������ 16 �� 21��53 ���N, 16 �� 53��25 ������ 16 �� 52��41 ���W), 637 ��� 562 m depth, muddy fine sand, commercial trawl, 7.XII. 2010; 1 male TL/CL: 35.46 / 12.67 mm, both right pereiopods 3 and 4 missing. Stn MUDR 09, Mauritania, canyon area off Banc d���Arguin (20 �� 14��36 ���N, 17 �� 40��10 ���W), 525 -m depth, muddy coral rubble, rock dredge, 19.XI. 2010; one juvenile TL/CL: 20.14 / 7.39 mm, both pereiopods 1 and 3, and right pereiopod 5 missing. Stn MUDR 10, Mauritania, canyon area off Banc d���Arguin (19 �� 50��01���N, 17 �� 37��03���W), 520 -m depth, mud with coral rubble, rock dredge, 22.XI. 2010; one male TL/CL: 28.28 / 10.27 mm, left pereiopods 1���3 missing. Infraorder ���Sakai et al. ��� ���Dworschak et al. ��� Infraorder families families Thalassinidea Laomediidae Axianassidae 1 Gebiidea Laomediidae Thalassinidae Thalassinidae Upogebiidae Upogebiidae Callianassidea Axiidae Axiidae Axiidea Calocarididae 2 Coralaxiidae 2 Eiconaxiidae 2 Eiconaxiopsididae 2 Anacalliacidae 3 Callianassidae Bathycalliacidae 3 Callianassidae 3 Callianopsidae Eucalliacidae 3 Lipkecallianassidae 3 Callianideidae Callianideidae Thomassiniidae 4 Ctenochelidae Ctenochelidae Ctenocheloidae 5 Gourretiidae 5 Pseudogourretiidae 5 Meticonaxiidae 6 Micheleidae Micheleidae Strahlaxiidae Strahlaxiidae 1. Dworschak et al. (2012) kept this family separate, as originally designated by Schmitt (1924), although its single genus Axianassa was also placed in Laomediidae (Poore 1994, among others). 2. Calocarididae and Eiconaxiidae were subsumed into Axiidea, while Coralaxiidae and Eiconaxiopsididae were not mentioned by Dworschak et al. (2012). Corallaxiidae was erected as an axiid subfamily by Sakai and de Saint Laurent (1989) and subfamilies were not considered in Dworschak et al. (2012). Eiconaxiopsididae was erected by Sakai (2011) to host the new genus Eiconaxiopsis, including the new species E. heinrichi and E. sibogae. Eiconaxiopsis sibogae was previously placed in Eiconaxiidae [as Eiconaxius sibogae (de Man, 1925)]. Notice here that Dworschak et al. (2012) ���s manuscript was conluded on 5 July 2010, long before Sakai���s work has been published. 3. None of these families were mentioned by Dworschak et al. (2012) and all of them were at first described as callianassid subfamilies (Manning and Felder 1991; Sakai and T��rkay 1999; Sakai 2005 a). 4. Thomassiniidae was subsumed into Callianideidae by Dworschak et al. (2012). 5. Pseudogourretiidae was originally described as a subfamily within Gourretiidae (Sakai, 2005), but this family was subsumed into Ctenochelidae by Dworschak et al. (2012). Ctenocheloidae was erected by Sakai (2011: 595) for the single species Ctenocheloides attenboroughi Anker, 2010, which was originally placed in Ctenochelidae. Posteriorly, Komai (2013) described a new Ctenocheloides species, C. nomurai, but the author keep the genus in the family Ctenochelidae. 6. Meticonaxiidae was described as a subfamily under Callianideidae (Sakai, 1992 a) but was later transferred to Micheleidae (Poore, 1994). Infraorder Family Maurit surveys thalassinidean species Family Infraorder (���Sakai et al. ���) (���Dworschak et al. ���) Callianassidea Axiidae Calocarides coronatus (Trybom, 1904) Axiidae Axiidea Ezaxius ferachevali n. gen. n. sp. Calocarididae Calocaris macandreae Bell, 1846 Callianassidae Trypaea oblonga (Le Loeuff & Int��s, 1974) n. Callianassidae comb. Habitat. Calocarides coronatus is previously reported living on bottoms of ���shell remains Foram.��� (Garc��a Raso 1996) and soft mud, at depths between 162 and 1200 m (Cartes et al. 1994; d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999; Ngoc- Ho 2003). Our specimens were sampled on muddy fine sand and muddy coral rubble, at depths from 562 to 637 m. Distribution. East Atlantic, from the north of Europe to tropical West Africa (at least to Mauritania; present work, see remarks) and the Mediterranean Sea (Sakai & de Saint Laurent 1989; Ngoc-Ho 2003). Remarks. Calocarides coronatus has been found evenly distributed in the north of Europe (Norway, Sweden, Denmark, North Sea) but is not reported from the British Isles (Ngoc-Ho 2003). The same author corroborated the inclusion in this species of the small Mediterranean specimens reported by Cartes et al. (1994, Catalan Sea) and Garc��a Raso (1996, Alboran Sea), and also noted that the species was not recorded from South European Atlantic coasts. Ngoc-Ho (2003) also considered as doubtful the assignment to C. coronatus (for 'geographical reasons���, Sakai and de Saint Laurent, 1989: 79) of the material previously identified as Calocarides longispinis (McArdle, 1901) by Stebbing (1910: 368; as Calastacus longispinis) from South Africa and by Macpherson (1983: 45, as Calastacus longispinis; in part, see below) from Namibia. Material from Table Mountain named as Calastacus longispinis [not C. longispinis McArdle, 1901 = Calocarides longispinis (McArdle, 1901)] by Stebbing (1910: 368), reported and figured later by Barnard [1950: 503, fig. 93 d-f; as Calocaris (Calastacus) longispinis] and also listed by Kensley (1981: 30; as Calocaris longispinis), was described as the new species Calocarides capensis by Kensley (1996). Namibian material (20 ����� 21 ��S) identified as Calastacus longispinis by Macpherson (1983: 45) was also described as the new species Calocarides macphersoni by Kensley (1996). Material sampled in South Namibia [26 ��S; Macpherson 1983: 45 as Calastacus longispinis (McArdle, 1901)], and included in Calocarides coronatus by Sakai & de Saint Laurent (1989: 80), was subsequently transferred to Calocarides capensis by Sakai (2011: 88). Other C. coronatus material from the MNHN checked by Sakai & de Saint Laurent (1989) from Portugal and tropical West Africa is unfortunately missing from the MNHN collection (MNHN Direction des Collections- Invert��br��s; personal communication) and, although the authors included some figures (Sakai & de Saint Laurent 1989: figs. 20 A���D) of one of the African specimens, which can be attributed to C. coronatus, neither detailed description nor exact African locality were provided. Our specimens concur with the descriptions, diagnosis and figures of Calocarides coronatus supplied by Trybom (1904), Kensley (1996) and Ngoc-Ho (2003). Some minor differences mainly concerning the relative length of the antennal acicle with regard to antennal peduncle and pereiopod 1 meri spinulation can be explained by differences in size, even among our specimens. Moreover, our specimens confirm the presence of C. coronatus in tropical West Africa and are the first ever recorded in Mauritanian waters., Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2015, Additions to thalassinidean fauna (Crustacea: Decapoda) off Mauritania (NW Africa) with the description of a new genus and a new species, pp. 571-587 in Zootaxa 4020 (3) on pages 573-575, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4020.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/238547, {"references":["Trybom, F. (1904) Two new species of the genus Euconaxius. Arkiv for Zoologi, 1, 383 - 393, pls 20 - 21. [Uppsala]","Sakai, K. & Saint Laurent, M. de (1989) A check list of Axiidae (Decapoda, Crustacea, Thalassinidea, Anomura), with remarks and in addition descriptions of one new subfamily, eleven new genera and two new species. Naturalists, Publications of Tokushima Biological Laboratory, Shikoku University, 3, 1 - 104.","Sakai, K. (2011) Axioidea of the world and a reconsideration of the Callianassoidea (Decapoda, Thalassinidea, Callianassida). In: Fransen, C. H. J. M. & Vaupel Klein, J. C. von (Eds.), Crustaceana Monographs. Vol. 13. Leiden, Brill, pp. 1 - 520. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789047424185","Dworschak, P. C., Felder, D. L. & Tudge, C. C. (2012) Infraorders Axiidea de Saint Laurent, 1979 and Gebiidea de Saint Laurent, 1979 (formerly known collectively as Thalassinidea). In: Schram, F. R., von Vaupel Klein, J. C., Charmantier-Daures, M. & Forest, J. (Eds.), Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology - The Crustacea, Decapoda. Vol. 9. Part B. Decapoda: Astacidea P. P. (Enoplometopoidea, Nephropoidea), Glypheidea, Axiidea, Gebiidea, and Anomura. Brill, Leiden-Boston, pp. 109 - 219.","Schmitt, W. L. (1924) The macruran, anomuran, and stomatopod Crustacea. Bijdragen tot de Kennis der Fauna von Curacao. Resultaten eener reis van Dr. C. J. van der Horst in 1920. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 23, 61 - 81.","Poore, G. C. B. (1994) A phylogeny of the families of Thalassinidea (Crustacea: Decapoda) with keys to families and genera. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 54, 79 - 120.","Man, J. G. de (1925) The Decapoda of the Siboga-Expedition. Part VI. The Axiidae collected by the Siboga-Expedition. Siboga Expeditie, 39 a 5, 1 - 127.","Manning, R. B. & Felder, D. L. (1991) Revision of the American Callianassidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 104 (4), 764 - 792.","Sakai, K. & Turkay, M. (1999) A new subfamily, Bathycalliacinae n. subfam., for Bathycalliax geomar n gen, n sp from deep water cold seeps off Oregon, USA. Senckenbergiana biologica, 79, 203 - 209.","Sakai, K. (2005 a) Callianassoidea of the world (Decapoda: Thalassinidea). In: Fransen, C. H. J. M. & Vaupel Klein, J. C. von (Eds.), Crustaceana Monographs. Vol. 4. Leiden, Brill, 286 pp.","Anker, A. (2010) Ctenocheloides attenboroughi n. gen., n. sp. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea: Ctenochelidae), a new ghost shrimp with pectinate claw fingers from Madagascar. Journal of Natural History, 44 (29 - 30), 1789 - 1805. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931003633219","Komai, T. (2013) A new species of the ghost shrimp family Ctenochelidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea) from Japan. Species Diversity, 18, 45 - 55. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.12782 / sd. 18.1.045","Sakai, K. (1992 a) The families Callianideidae and Thalassinidae, with the description of two new subfamilies, one new genus and two new species (Decapoda: Thalassinidea). Naturalists, 4, 1 - 33. [Tokushima Biological Laboratory, Shikoku Women's University]","Le Loeuff, P. & Intes, A. (1974) Les Thalassinidea (Crustacea Decapoda) du Golfe de Guinee: systematique - ecologie. Cahiers ORSTOM, serie Oceanographie, 12 (1), 17 - 69.","Garcia Raso, J. E. (1996) Crustacea Decapoda (excl. Sergestidae) from Ibero - Moroccan waters. Results of Balgim - 84 Expedition. Bulletin of Marine Science, 58 (3), 730 - 752.","Cartes, J. E., Sorbe, J. C. & Sarda F. (1994) Spatial distribution of deep-sea decapods and euphausiids near the bottom in the northwestern Mediterranean. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 179, 131 - 144. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0022 - 0981 (94) 90021 - 3","d'Udekem d'Acoz, C. (1999) Inventaire et distribution des crustaces decapodes de l'Atlantique nord - oriental, de la Mediterranee et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25 ° N. Collection Patrimoines Naturels. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 40, 1 - 383.","Ngoc-Ho, N. (2003) European and Mediterranean Thalassinidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Zoosystema, 25 (3), 439 - 555.","McArdle, A. F. (1901) Natural history notes from the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship ' Investigator', Commander T. H. Heming, R. N., commanding. - Series III., No. 5. An account of the trawling operations during the surveying-season of 1900 - 1901. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 8, 517 - 526.","Stebbing, T. R. R. (1910) General catalogue of South African Crustacea (Part V. of S. A. Crustacea, for the Marine Investigations in South Africa). Annals of the South African Museum, 6, 281 - 593.","Macpherson, E. (1983) Crustaceos decapodos capturados en las costas de Namibia. Resultados Expediciones Cientificas, 11, 3 - 80.","Barnard, K. H. (1950) Descriptive catalogue of South African decapod Crustacea (crabs and shrimps). Annals of the South African Museum, 38, 1 - 837.","Kensley, B. (1996) Systematics and distribution of the genus Calocarides (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 109 (1), 53 - 69."]}

Trypaea oblonga (Le Loeuff & Int��s, 1974) n. comb. (Figs. 2 A���D) Callianassa oblonga Le Loeuff & Int��s, 1974: 38, figs. 9 a���r.��� Saint Laurent & Le Loeuff, 1979: 55.���Sakai, 1999: 18; 2005 a: 32, figs. 2 E, 3 E, 4 E. Cheramus oblongus.��� Manning & Felder, 1991: 780.��� Tudge et al., 2000: 145.��� Sakai, 2011: 369. Material examined. Expedition Maurit0911: Stn. MU 215, off S Nouakchott (Mauritania) (17 �� 29��44 ������ 17 �� 28��06���N; 16 �� 39��31 ������ 16 �� 40��10 ���W), 358���364 -m depth, muddy fine sand, commercial trawl, 2.II. 2009; one male TL/CL: 19.09 / 4.52 mm, both pereiopods 1 missing, left P 4 merus to dactylus detached and both pleopods 3 missing. Expedition Maurit 1011: Stn. MUDR 26, off S Nouakchott (Mauritania) cold-water coral reef (17 �� 29��42 ���N, 16 �� 41��04���W), 441 -m depth, mud with coral rubble and shell debris, rock dredge, 12.XII. 2010; one incomplete female, TL/CL: + 12.23 / 4.94 mm, right pereiopod 1 carpus and chela, both pereiopods 3���5, abdominal segments 3���5 and telson are all missing. Description. Our male specimen mostly corresponds to the type description provided by Le Loeuff & Int��s (1974). Both specimens present a rudimentary, uniramous and bisegmented pleopod 1 (as shown in Le Loeuff & Int��s 1974: fig. 9 r). While the type specimen was described with pleopods 2���5 missing, in our male specimen, although no scar or trace of pleopods can be appreciated on pleomere 2, a conspicuous scar is present in place of pleopod 3; pleopods 4 and 5 are biramous and foliaceous (Fig. 2 A), with an appendix interna projecting from the distal proximal third of the endopod inner border, and with distal margin obliquely truncate and furnished with hooks (Figs. 2 A, B). Our incomplete female specimen also corresponds to the original description. Differences observed are those referring to the sex: conspicuous gonopore on both pereiopod 3 coxa, pleopod 1 uniramous and bisegmented (Fig. 2 C), and pleopod 2 slender, biramous, with endopod bearing a terminal appendix interna (Fig. 2 D). Habitat. The type specimen was collected at 200 m with a DRB: drague �� dents (72 �� 30 cm); no bottom was specified (Le Loeuff & Int��s 1974). Our specimens were captured off South Nouakchott, at two geographically close stations, on muddy fine sand and muddy coral rubble, at depths between 358���364 and 441 m. Distribution. Previously reported only from the type locality (Ivory Coast) and now from Mauritania, this species seems to be restricted to the West African tropical region. Remarks. To date, the type specimen (male CL: 3.5 mm) from Ivory Coast (200 m) is the only one ever recorded. After its original description as Callianassa oblonga, the species was included in the genus Cheramus Bate, 1888 as C. oblongus by Manning & Felder (1991), and accepted by Tudge et al. (2000) in this genus. However, Sakai (2005: 20) was unable to find enough morphological characters that reliably separated both genera; he therefore synonymized the genus Cheramus with Callianassa. On the other hand, a tendency to group Callianassa species based on pleopod morphology, among other characters, led Saint Laurent and Le Loeuff (1979: 55) to recognize three groups: one including species with pleopod 1, but not pleopod 2; a second group of species lacking either pleopod 1 or pleopod 2; and a third group with 'des pl��opodes pr��sents, bien que faiblement d��velopp��s, sur les deux premiers segments abdominaux du m��le��� (pleopods on male absominal segments 1 and 2 present, although reduced). These authors included only one species, Callianassa oblonga, in the last group, although this species was originally described as with 'pl��opode 1 r��duit, en forme de doigt de gant �� extr��mit�� courbe; les autres pl��opodes manquent.��� (pleopod 1 reduced, fingerlike and with tip curved; pleopods 2���5 absent) (Le Loeuff and Int��s 1974: 40); however, although a reduced pleopod 1 is present (and bisegmented as shown in Le Loeuff and Int��s (1974): fig. 9 r), there is no clear evidence of an existing pleopod 2. In his synopsis of the family Callianassidae, Sakai (1999) first associated C. oblonga with Callianassa species without pleopod 2 (Sakai 1999: 5). However, in his account of the species (Sakai 1999: 18), he described it as having male pleopods 1 and 2, as did Saint Laurent and Le Loeuff (1979). Some years later, with the revision of the Callianassoidea of the world, Sakai (2005 a) arranged the Callianassa species into four groups according to the morphology of pleopods l and 2, including C. oblonga within the group with uniramous and two-segmented pleopod l, and with pleopod 2 absent (Sakai 2005: 25, 32). The same author (Sakai 2011: 355) later considered the morphology of male pleopods 1 and 2 as the single valid character for callianassid genera classification, redescribing, among others, the genera Callianassa (to include species with male pleopod 1 uniramous and bisegmented, and with male pleopod 2 uniramous, in which the protopod rarely protruded short distolaterally), Trypaea (male pleopod 1 uniramous, uni-, bi- or trisegmented, and male pleopod 2 absent), and Cheramus (male pleopod 1 absent, or uniramous and bisegmented, and with slender, biramous male pleopod 2), and subsequently, returning Callianassa oblonga to the genus Cheramus (as Cheramus oblongus). All the foregoing propositions of classification were based on pleopod morphology. However, neither of the only two males ever recorded (the type specimen and the one captured during the Maurit surveys) displayed pleopod 2, and there is no evidence of their existence (at least in our material). In consequence, we propose here the relocation of C. oblonga to the genus Trypaea as Trypaea oblonga (Le Loeuff & Int��s, 1974) n. comb., Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2015, Additions to thalassinidean fauna (Crustacea: Decapoda) off Mauritania (NW Africa) with the description of a new genus and a new species, pp. 571-587 in Zootaxa 4020 (3) on pages 576-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4020.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/238547, {"references":["Le Loeuff, P. & Intes, A. (1974) Les Thalassinidea (Crustacea Decapoda) du Golfe de Guinee: systematique - ecologie. Cahiers ORSTOM, serie Oceanographie, 12 (1), 17 - 69.","Saint Laurent, M. de & Le Loeuff, P. (1979) Campagnes de la Calypso au large des cotes Atlantiques Africaines (1956 et 1959) (suite) 22. Crustaces Decapodes Thalassinidea. I. Upogebiidae et Callianassidae. Resultats Scientifiques des Campagnes de la Calypso, 11, 29 - 101.","Manning, R. B. & Felder, D. L. (1991) Revision of the American Callianassidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 104 (4), 764 - 792.","Tudge, C. C., Poore, G. C. B. & Lemaitre, R. (2000) Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of generic relationships within the Callianassidae and Ctenochelidae (Decapoda: Thalassinidea: Callianassoidea). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 20 (Special Number 2), pp. 129 - 149.","Sakai, K. (2011) Axioidea of the world and a reconsideration of the Callianassoidea (Decapoda, Thalassinidea, Callianassida). In: Fransen, C. H. J. M. & Vaupel Klein, J. C. von (Eds.), Crustaceana Monographs. Vol. 13. Leiden, Brill, pp. 1 - 520. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789047424185","Bate, C. S. (1888) Report on the Crustacea Macrura dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger During the Years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 24, i - xc, 1 - 942, pls. 1 - 157.","Sakai, K. (2005 a) Callianassoidea of the world (Decapoda: Thalassinidea). In: Fransen, C. H. J. M. & Vaupel Klein, J. C. von (Eds.), Crustaceana Monographs. Vol. 4. Leiden, Brill, 286 pp."]}

Diogenes pugilator (Roux, 1829) (Fig. 6) Pagurus pugilator Roux 1829: 67 (unnumbered page), pl. 14 figs. 3���4. Diogenes pugilator.��� Forest, 1955: pg. 79, pl. 2 fig. 10 (syn. and ref.); 1956: 348, figs. 3���6; 1961: 222 (Tropical West Africa, 3���4 to 100 m).��� Ingle, 1993: 46, figs. 9���12 (lit.). Material examined. MU 171, 105 ��� 100 m, (1). Male: 1.50 mm Habitat. This species shows a preference for medium and fine sandy bottoms (d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999) but is also reported on muddy sand, sandy mud, medium and coarse sands, debris and coralligenous bottoms (Forest 1961; Dolbeth et al. 2006; Garc��a-Mu��oz et al. 2008; El Lakhrach et al. 2012), associated with Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, 1813 meadows (S��nchez-Jerez et al. 2000), in bottoms with the seaweed Caulerpa prolifera (Forssk��l) J.V. Lamouroux, 1809 (L��pez de la Rosa et al. 2002) and with Amphioxus sand (Garc��a Raso & Manj��n-Cabeza 2002). Diogenes pugilator shows a significant regional variability in its shell use. In Turkey, Mutlu & Ergev (2010) reported 27 inhabited gastropod species in the Levantine Sea, mostly of Nassarius gibbulosus (Linnaeus, 1758), N. circumcintus (Adams A., 1852), N. mutabilis (Linnaeus, 1758), Strombus persicus (Swainson, 1821) and Littorina obtusata (Linnaeus, 1758), while Ates et al. (2007) reported only shells of Ceritium and Gibbula on the Aegean coast. In southern Spain the most common gastropod shell species were Mesalia varia (Kiener, 1887), Turritella communis Risso, 1826, Nassarius reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Nassarius mutabilis (Linnaeus, 1758), Turritella turbona Monterosato, 1877 and Gibbula magus Linnaeus, 1758, but another 32 species (including scaphopods and polychaete tubes) were listed by Manj��n-Cabeza & Garc��a Raso (1999). In southern Portugal, D. pugilator was mostly found in Nassarius sp (as Hinia sp), Turritella sp and Gibbula sp. shells (Dolbeth et al. 2006). In the German Bight, the species was mainly found inhabiting Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758) (plus another seven shells) (T��rkay 2014), whereas on the Irish coast, McGrath et al. (2000) found the species mostly living in Nassarius reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758), but also in Nucella lapillus (Linnaeus, 1758), Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758), L. obtusata agg. and Gibbula umbilicalis (da Costa, 1778). In West Africa the species was found in Clavatula nifat (Adanson) Bruguiere, Chicoreus varius (G. B. Sowerby II, 1834) (as Murex varius), Murex sp., Nassa sp., Natica collaria Lamarck, 1822, Natica fulminea (Gmelin, 1791), Agaronia hiatula (Gmelin, 1791) (as Olivancillaria (Agaronia) hiatula), Turritella annulata Kiener, 1843 and Turritella sp. (Forest 1955, 1956). The single specimen captured during the Maurit surveys inhabited a gastropod shell of the family Nassariidae that was considerably damaged during crab extraction. Epibiotic and free-living species associated with D. pugilator are the protozoan Acinetides symbiotica (Daday, 1907), the hydrozoan Podocoryna exigua (Haeckel, 1879), the plathyhelminthe Leptoplana tremellaris (M��ller, 1774), the polychaete Polydora ciliata (Johnston, 1838) and the copepod Sumaristes paguri Hesse, 1867 (Williams & McDermott 2004). Forest (1955) found this species associated with bryozoans and with zoanthids of the genus Palythoa. Distribution. This species has been reported evenly distributed in the eastern Atlantic from the western and southern Irish coasts (McGrath et al. 2000) and from the North Sea southwards to Angola, including the Cape Verde Islands and the Mediterranean Sea. The species was also found in the Black and Red Seas (d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999). Further records that fit well with this distribution can be found in S��nchez-Jerez et al. (2000), Ko��ak et al. (2001), L��pez de la Rosa et al. (2002), Pipitone & Arculeo (2003), Dolbeth et al. (2006), Serrano et al. (2006), Garc��a-Mu��oz et al. (2008), Mutlu & Ergev (2008 and 2010), Ko��ak et al. (2010), Pipitone & Vaccaro (2011), El Lakhrach et al. (2012) and T��rkay (2014). D. pugilator is reported here for the first time in Mauritanian waters. D. pugilator has been found living mostly from the intertidal zone (d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999) to 40���50 m (Forest 1961; T��rkay 2014), but also in depths of about 100 m (Forest 1961 in Nigeria; present record) and from 201 to 400 m depth (Serrano et al. 2006 in the Cantabrian Shelf). A record from 1800 m depth reported by Neves (1977) was considered erroneous by d���Udekem d���Acoz (1999). Remarks. Our specimen fits well with the description and figures given by Ingle (1993) and with the variations described and figured by Forest (1956). Only five Diogenes species were reported from tropical West Africa (Barnard 1950; Forest 1955, 1956). Our specimen can be easily differentiated from Diogenes brevirostris Stimpson, 1858 and Diogenes denticulatus Chevreux & Bouvier, 1891 by the ocular acicles, whose distal margin slopes outwards and are cut into four graded processes of which the innermost is the largest and more acute versus the 10���12 similar serrations in the other two species. Diogenes mercatoris Forest, 1952 differs by the presence of short, strong spines disposed in transversal rows on both sides of the carapace shield, the shortness of the interocular process, and the long and dense setae on the chelipeds and ambulatory legs versus no spinose transverse rows on the shield, long interocular process and scarcely setose chelipeds and ambulatory legs in D. pugilator. Diogenes ovatus Miers, 1881 shows a conspicuous depression at the base of the left cheliped carpus housing pereiopods 2 and 3 when retracted, which is absent in D. pugilator. Variability for this species was demonstrated and discussed by Forest (1955, 1956). Our specimen closely resembles those collected in Ghana and figured by Forest (1956: figs. 3 A, 5), with only one difference: the presence of two small spines instead of one on the anterolateral margins of the shield. We consider that this is to be minor intraspecific variation., Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2015, Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species, pp. 151-190 in Zootaxa 3926 (2) on pages 161-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/242192, {"references":["Forest, J. (1955) Crustaces Decapodes, Pagurides. Expedition Oceanographique Belge dans les Eaux Cotieres Africaines de L'Atlantique Sud (1948 - 1949). Resultats Scientifiques. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belge, 3 (4), 23 - 147.","Ingle, R. W. (1993) Hermit crabs of the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea: an illustrated key. Chapman & Hall, London, 495 pp.","d'Udekem d'Acoz, C. (1999) Inventaire et distribution des crustaces decapodes de l'Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Mediterranee et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25 ° N. Paris, Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Service du patrimoine naturel, 40, 1 - 383.","Forest, J. (1961) Pagurides de l'Afrique occidentale. Scientific Results of the Danish Expedition to the coasts of tropical West Africa 1945 - 1946. Atlantide Report, 6, 203 - 250.","Dolbeth, M., Viegas, I., Martinho, F., Marques, J. C. & Pardal, M. A. (2006) Population structure and species dynamics of Spisula solida, Diogenes pugilator and Branchiostoma lanceolatum along a temporal-spatial gradient in the south coast of Portugal. Estuarine, Coastal ans Shelf Science, 66, 168 - 176. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ecss. 2005.08.006","Garcia-Munoz, J. E., Manjon-Cabeza, M. E. & Garcia-Raso, J. E. (2008) Decapod crustacean assemblages from littoral bottoms of the Alboran Sea (Spain, west Mediterranean Sea): spatial and temporal variability. Scientia Marina, 72 (3), 437 - 449.","El Lakhrach, H., Hattour, A., Jarboui, O., Elhasni, K. & Ramos-Espla, A. (2012) Spatial distribution and abundance of the stomatopoda and decapoda crustaceans sampled by bottom trawl in the gulf of Gabes (Tunisia, Central Mediterranean). Cahiers de biologie marine, 53 (4), 435 - 446.","Sanchez-Jerez, P., Barbera-Cebrian, C. & Ramos-Espla, A. A. (2000) Influence of the structure of Posidonia oceanica meadows modified by bottom trawling on crustacean assemblages: comparison of amphipods and decapods. Scientia Marina, 64 (3), 319 - 326.","Lopez de la Rosa, I., Garcia Raso, J. E. & Rodriguez, A. (2002) Evolution of a decapod community (Crustacea) of shallow soft bottoms with seaweeds from southern Europe. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 82, 85 - 95.","Mutlu, E. & Ergev, M. B. (2010) Temporal variability of density and diverse shell occupancy of Diogenes pugilator on a sandy bottom of Levantine Sea and their biometrical relationships. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 51, 55 - 67.","Ates, A. S., Katagan, T. & Kocatas, A. (2007) Gastropod shell species occupied by hermit crabs (Anomura: Decapoda) along the Turkish Coast of the Aegean Sea. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 31, 13 - 18.","Manjon-Cabeza, M. E. & Garcia Raso, J. E. (1999) Shell utilization by the hermit crabs Diogenes pugilator (Roux, 1829), Paguristes eremita (Linnaeus, 1767) and Pagurus forbesii Bell, 1845 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura), in a shallowwater community from southern Spain. Bulletin of Marine Science, 65 (2), 391 - 405.","Turkay, M. (2014) On the occurrence of Diogenes pugilator in the German Bight (Crustacea: Decapoda Diogenidae). Helgoland Marine Research, 68, 281 - 287. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10152 - 014 - 0388 - 1","McGrath, D., Costello, M. J. & Emblow, C. (2000) The hermit crab Diogenes pugilator (Roux, 1829) in Irish waters. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 100 b (2), 115 - 118.","Forest, J. (1956) Sur une collection de Paguridae de la cote de l'Or. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 126 (3), 335 - 367. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1956. tb 00442. x","Williams, J. D. & McDermott, J. J. (2004) Hermit crab biocoenoses: A worldwide review of the diversity and natural history of hermit crab associates. Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology, 305, 1 - 128. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jembe. 2004.02.020","Kocak, C., Katagan, T. & Kocatas, A. (2001) Anomurans of the Aegean coasts of Turkey and reported species from Turkish seas. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 25, 305 - 311.","Pipitone, C. & Arculeo, M. (2003) The marine Crustacea Decapoda of Sicily (central Mediterranean Sea): a checklist with remarks on their distribution. Italian Journal of Zoology, 70, 69 - 78. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000309356498","Serrano, A., Sanchez, F. & Garcia-Castrillo, G. (2006) Epibenthic communities of trawlable grounds of the Cantabrian Sea. Scientia Marina, 70 S 1, 149 - 159.","Mutlu, E. & Ergev, M. B. (2008) Spatio-temporal distribution of soft-bottom epibenthic fauna on the Cilician shelf (Turkey), Mediterranean Sea. Revista de biologia tropical, 56 (4), 1919 - 1946.","Kocak, C., Kirkim, F. & Katagan, T. (2010) Anomuran (Crustacea, Decapoda) fauna of Fethiye Bay (Turkey, eastern Mediterranean). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 34, 333 - 342.","Pipitone, C. & Vaccaro, A. M. (2011) Crustacea Decapoda from Ustica (southern Tyrrhenian Sea): species distribution in different habitats and sampling approach. In: Pessani, D., Tirelli, T. & Froglia, C. (Eds.), IX Colloquium Crustacea Mediterranea Torino, September 2 - 6, 2008. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, pp. 413 - 434. [Italy]","Neves, A. M. (1977) Crustaceos decapodes marinhos de Portugal continental existentes no Museu Bocage. III. Anomura. Arquivos do Museu Bocage, Serie 2, 6, 153 - 206.","Barnard, K. H. (1950) Descriptive catalogue of South African decapod Crustacea (crabs and shrimps). Annals of the South African Museum, 38, 1 - 837.","Milne-Edwards, A. & Bouvier, E. - L. (1891) Sur les modifications que subissent les Pagures suivant l'enroulement de la coquille qu'ils habitent. Bulletin de la Societe philomathique de Paris, Serie 8 e, 3 (1), 151 - 153."]}

Pagurus cuanensis Bell, 1846 (Fig. 16) Pagurus cuanensis Bell, 1846: 178, unnumbered figure. Eupagurus cuanensis.��� Forest, 1955: 114, fig 24, pl. V fig. 6. Pagurus cuanensis.��� Forest, 1958: 95 (nom.), 1966: 154.��� Ingle, 1993: 129, figs. 101���104 (lit.). Material examined. MU88, 94��� 120 m, (1); MU 120, 109 ��� 105 m, (1); MU 131, 102 ��� 104 m, (1); MU133, 87 m, (1); MU 144, 119 ��� 138 m, (1); MU 156, 107 ��� 102 m, (1); MU166, 87��� 85 m, (1); MU 171, 105 ��� 100 m, (2); MU174, 85��� 84 m, (2); MU 186, 174 m, (2); MU201, 87 m, (1); MU205, 89��� 93 m, (1); MU210, 86��� 90 m, (1); MU 228, 136 ��� 172 m, (1); MU 266, 103 m, (1); MU283, 92��� 91 m, (2); MUBV 20, 155 m, (11); MUBV 21, 107 ��� 109 m, (11). Males: 2.06���6.82 mm, females: 2.27 ���6.00 mm, ovigerous females: 2.95���4.50 mm Habitat. The species is mainly reported on coastal detritic bottoms (d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999; Garc��a Raso & Manj��n-Cabeza 2002; Garc��a-Mu��oz et al. 2008; El Lakhrach et al. 2012), but also in Posidonia oceanica meadows (S��nchez-Jerez et al. 2000; Pipitone & Arculeo 2003; Ates et al. 2004), Cystoseira beds (Ko��ak et al. 2010), sand (Pipitone & Arculeo 2003; Mutlu & Ergev 2008), coralligenous substrates (Ates et al. 2006) and rocky bottoms (Pipitone & Arculeo 2003; Pipitone & Vaccaro 2011). Forest (1955) reported this species inhabiting shells of the gastropod Xenophora senegalensis P. Fischer, 1873 in African waters. A complete account of the symbionts associated with the inhabited gastropod shells can be found in Williams & McDermott (2004). Our specimens were mostly found in sandy bottoms (one sample in sandy mud bottom), mainly inhabiting gastropod shells of Xenophora crispa (K��nig, 1825), Mesalia opalina (Adams & Reeve, 1850), Turritella wareni Ryall & Vos, 2010 and Turritella torulosa Kiener, 184. We also found our specimens in shells of Nassarius arcadioi Rol��n & Hern��ndez, 2005, Babelomurex tectumsinensis (Deshayes, 1856) and an unidentified species of Marginellidae. Some shells carried worm tubes (Serpulidae, Sabellidae), anomiids and Demospongia. Distribution. Widely distributed in the eastern Atlantic from Norway (Bergen) to South Africa (St Sebastian Bay, Eastern Cape), including the Azores and the Canary Islands, as well as the Mediterranean Sea (Barnard 1950; Ingle 1993; d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999). Pagurus cuanensis has been reported from the intertidal zone down to 250 m depth (d���Udekem d���Acoz, 1999). Further records, all within this distribution, can be found in S��nchez-Jerez et al. (2000), Ko��ak et al. (2001), Abell�� et al. (2002), Garc��a Raso & Manj��n-Cabeza (2002), d���Udekem d���Acoz & Wirtz (2002), Pipitone & Arculeo (2003), Ungaro et al. (2005), Ates et al. (2006), Garc��a-Mu��oz et al. (2008); Mutlu & Ergev (2008), Ko��ak et al. (2010), Thatje et al. (2010), Pipitone & Vaccaro (2011) and El Lakhrach et al. (2012). Remarks. Our specimens coincide with those described and figured by Ingle (1993)., Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2015, Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species, pp. 151-190 in Zootaxa 3926 (2) on pages 176-177, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/242192, {"references":["Forest, J. (1955) Crustaces Decapodes, Pagurides. Expedition Oceanographique Belge dans les Eaux Cotieres Africaines de L'Atlantique Sud (1948 - 1949). Resultats Scientifiques. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belge, 3 (4), 23 - 147.","Forest, J. (1958) Sur la nomenclature des Pagures des mers francaises. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, Serie 2 e, 30 (1), 94 - 100.","Ingle, R. W. (1993) Hermit crabs of the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea: an illustrated key. Chapman & Hall, London, 495 pp.","d'Udekem d'Acoz, C. (1999) Inventaire et distribution des crustaces decapodes de l'Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Mediterranee et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25 ° N. Paris, Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Service du patrimoine naturel, 40, 1 - 383.","Garcia-Munoz, J. E., Manjon-Cabeza, M. E. & Garcia-Raso, J. E. (2008) Decapod crustacean assemblages from littoral bottoms of the Alboran Sea (Spain, west Mediterranean Sea): spatial and temporal variability. Scientia Marina, 72 (3), 437 - 449.","El Lakhrach, H., Hattour, A., Jarboui, O., Elhasni, K. & Ramos-Espla, A. (2012) Spatial distribution and abundance of the stomatopoda and decapoda crustaceans sampled by bottom trawl in the gulf of Gabes (Tunisia, Central Mediterranean). Cahiers de biologie marine, 53 (4), 435 - 446.","Sanchez-Jerez, P., Barbera-Cebrian, C. & Ramos-Espla, A. A. (2000) Influence of the structure of Posidonia oceanica meadows modified by bottom trawling on crustacean assemblages: comparison of amphipods and decapods. Scientia Marina, 64 (3), 319 - 326.","Pipitone, C. & Arculeo, M. (2003) The marine Crustacea Decapoda of Sicily (central Mediterranean Sea): a checklist with remarks on their distribution. Italian Journal of Zoology, 70, 69 - 78. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000309356498","Ates, A. S., Katagan, T. & Kocatas, A. (2004) Decapod fauna of shallow water Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, 1813 meadows in the Aegean Sea coasts of Turkey. E. U. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 21 (1 - 2), 39 - 42.","Kocak, C., Kirkim, F. & Katagan, T. (2010) Anomuran (Crustacea, Decapoda) fauna of Fethiye Bay (Turkey, eastern Mediterranean). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 34, 333 - 342.","Mutlu, E. & Ergev, M. B. (2008) Spatio-temporal distribution of soft-bottom epibenthic fauna on the Cilician shelf (Turkey), Mediterranean Sea. Revista de biologia tropical, 56 (4), 1919 - 1946.","Ates, A. S., Katagan, T. & Kocatas, A. (2006) Bathymetric distribution of decapod crustaceans on the continental shelf along the Aegean coasts of Turkey. Crustaceana, 79 (2), 129 - 141. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854006776952928","Pipitone, C. & Vaccaro, A. M. (2011) Crustacea Decapoda from Ustica (southern Tyrrhenian Sea): species distribution in different habitats and sampling approach. In: Pessani, D., Tirelli, T. & Froglia, C. (Eds.), IX Colloquium Crustacea Mediterranea Torino, September 2 - 6, 2008. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, pp. 413 - 434. [Italy]","Williams, J. D. & McDermott, J. J. (2004) Hermit crab biocoenoses: A worldwide review of the diversity and natural history of hermit crab associates. Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology, 305, 1 - 128. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jembe. 2004.02.020","Barnard, K. H. (1950) Descriptive catalogue of South African decapod Crustacea (crabs and shrimps). Annals of the South African Museum, 38, 1 - 837.","Kocak, C., Katagan, T. & Kocatas, A. (2001) Anomurans of the Aegean coasts of Turkey and reported species from Turkish seas. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 25, 305 - 311.","Abello, P., Carbonell, A. & Torres, P. (2002) Biogeography of epibenthic crustaceans on the shelf and upper slope off the Iberian Peninsula Mediterranean coasts: implications for the establishment of natural management areas. Scientia Marina, 66 (2), 183 - 198.","d'Udekem d'Acoz, C. & Wirtz, P. (2002) Observations on some interesting coastal Crustacea Decapoda from the Azores, with a key to the genus Eualus Thallwitz, 1892 in the Northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Arquipelago: Life and Marine Sciences, 19 A, 67 - 84.","Ungaro, N., Marano, C. A., Ceriola, L. & Martino, M. (2005) Distribution of demersal crustaceans in the southern Adriatic Sea. Acta Adriatica, 46 (1), 27 - 40.","Thatje, S., Casburn, L. & Calcagno, J. A. (2010) Behavioural and respiratory response of the shallow-water hermit crab Pagurus cuanensis to hydrostatic pressure and temperature. Journal of Experimental arine Biology and Ecology, 390, 22 - 30. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jembe. 2010.04.028"]}

Ezaxius ferachevali n. sp. (Figs. 2 A, B, 3 A���M) Type material. Holotype, MNCN 20.04 / 10091 hermaphrodite, TL/CL: 23.60 / 8.80 mm (right pereiopod 1 and left pereiopod 5 are missing, both pereiopod 4 detached), Expedition Maurit 0 911, Stn MUDR 08, 19 ��07��20 ���N, 16 �� 50��31 ���W, 470 m, 13 November 2009; canyon area off Cape Timiris (Mauritania); muddy coral rubble and shell debris, rock dredge. Description. Carapace faintly pitted, laterally compressed, dorsally rounded; cervical groove distinct dorsally, visible laterally only over one-fourth of the distance to anterolateral margin; no discernible linea thalassinica; anterior margin with outer orbital angle rounded, evenly sloping posteriorly to a rounded anterolateral margin (Figs. 3 A, 4 B). Carapace ending midposteriorly as a median lobe separate from produced posterolateral margins; median lobe with a weak short, wide dorsal carina (Figs. 3 B, 4 A). Rostrum triangular, as long as the antennular peduncle and with an upturned terminal tooth; slightly depressed below the level of gastric area; dorsal surface concave; lateral margins shortly produced posteriorly into gastric region as sharp ridges and armed with four pairs of symmetrically arranged teeth, five cut off and three regenerating, the third pair supraocular, the fourth on the short lateral carinae on anterior gastric region (Figs. 3 A��� B, 4 A���B). Bristle setae are located between the rostral teeth. Gastric region with median, submedian and lateral carinae; median smooth carina, thin in base of rostrum and wide in the middle of the gastric region, barely distinguishable near the cervical groove; submedian smooth carinae in the anterior gastric region, curving anteriorly to touch each other, forming a deep inverted U-shaped area slightly elevated from rostrum, each submedian carina bearing weakly defined and elevated indentation medially; lateral carinae short, with one tooth (posterior to the supraocular) and one posterior obscure tubercle each (Figs. 3 B, 4 A). Eyes short, truncated distally and slightly angled anteroventrally, fused with carapace; cornea unpigmented (Figs. 3 B, 4 B). Antennular peduncle unarmed, reaching to rostral tip; length of article 1 twice that of articles 2 and 3 combined; article 3 about as long as article 2 (Fig. 5 L). Antennal peduncle overreaching the antennular peduncle by the total length of the ultimate article; article 1 with ventral and lateral teeth; article 2 dorsodistally elongate forming a tooth-like tubular prolongation that reaches to the distal third of article 4, and with an acutely triangular ventral prolongation (Fig. 5 M); antennal acicle unarmed, protruded straight forward and with the same shape and length of the dorsodistal tooth of article 2; article 3 with a pronounced ventrodistal tooth; article 4 about twice as long as article 5; antennal flagellum as long as the carapace (rostrum included). Maxilla 2 exopod posterior lobe (scaphognathite) with one long seta extending into branchial chamber. Maxilliped 3 pediform (ischium-merus length more than three times the merus width); coxa with a ventrodistal spine; ischium about twice as long as broad, inner crest with 11���12 similar denticles; merus about as long as ischium, armed with two sharp teeth subdistally on ventral margin, the distal-most more developed; carpus broadened distally, about half length of merus and about as long as propodus; dactylus about two-thirds the length of propodus; ischium, merus, carpus, propodus and dactylus ventral margin bearing pectinate setae obscured by simple setae; multiarticulate exopod hardly reaching proximal third of endopod carpus (Fig. 5 F). Left pereiopod 1 coxa armed with a distoventral spine. Basis unarmed. Ischium with 3 irregularly spaced denticles on ventral margin. Merus about twice as long as the maximum broad, armed with a subterminal tooth on dorsal margin and with 4 sharp teeth increasing in size distally on ventral margin, a few setae on distoventral and dorsal margins. Carpus dorsal length about half length of merus, unarmed, scattered groups of setae on dorsal margin and lateral surface. Chela about 2.5 times as long as broad, with tufts of setae mostly arranged longitudinally on the lateral surface, more abundant on dactylus; dorsal and ventral margins also furnished with tufts of setae (Fig. 5 G). Palm slightly longer than wide; lateral surface with a subventral crest strongly demarcate proximally, with teeth joined at base and saw-like, becoming less evident in the fixed finger; three irregular subterminal teeth below articulation with dactylus; mesial surface with two subventral tubercles distally, and five subdorsal, regularly spaced and decreasing in size (the distal subterminal, the second cut off). Propodus cutting edge with eight teeth in the proximal three-fourths decreasing in size distally, lateral surface with dentate carina on ventral margin, mesial surface with three median proximal teeth. Dactylus longer than palm, lateral surface with a median carina proximally, cutting edge armed with a proximal blunt tooth followed by a concave gap and five other blunt teeth decreasing in size distally. Distal fourth of both propodus cutting edge and dactylus are unarmed and crossing when chela is closed. Right pereiopod 1 is missing. Pereiopod 2 chelate, unarmed except by two dorsal spines on coxa, the distal one more acute, inner margins of the chelae furnished with spiniform setae; carpus about half length of merus, and about two-thirds as long as the chela; fingers slightly longer than the palm; dense row of long setae on propodus and carpus lower margins, some scarce setae distally on merus lower margins, tufts of setae on dactylus, propodus and carpus dorsal margins (Fig. 5 H). Pereiopod 3 simple, unarmed except for two dorsomesial spines on coxa; coxae with genital pore; carpus about half length of merus and slightly longer than propodus; propodus elongate, about four times longer than wide, furnished with seven stout spiniform setae on ventrolateral margin, and sparse tufts of long setae on dorsal and ventral margins; dactylus tip corneus, with two short and stout spiniform setae on lateral surface and tufts of setae on dorsal and ventral margins. Pereiopod 4 simple, unarmed except for one dorsomesial short blunt spine on a short and cylindrical coxa; carpus about half length of merus and two-thirds as long as propodus (Fig. 5 I); propodus elongate, ventrolateral margin with a longitudinal row of 7���8 stout spiniform setae, some of which accompanied by a supplementary spiniform seta as an interrupted second longitudinal row (Fig. 5 J), ventrodistally furnished with pectinate setae (Fig. 5 K), some sparse tufts of simple setae along dorsal margins and some single setae along ventral margin; dactylus corneus tipped and with four short, stout spiniform setae on lateral surface decreasing proximally in size (Fig. 5 J), some tufts of simple setae on dorsal and ventral margins. Right pereiopod 5 unarmed, with scattered tufts of setae on dorsal margins and lateral surfaces; coxa ventrodistally produced, with genital opening; carpus slightly longer than half of merus and as long as half of propodus; propodus mesial surface with an oblique row of pectinate setae in the distal two-fifths, ventrodistal margin produced; dactylus corneus tipped and one-fifth of propodus length. Left pereiopod 5 is missing. Exopod on maxillipeds 1���3; single epipod on maxillipeds 1���3 and pereiopods 1���4. Single podobranchia on maxilliped 2, and double on maxilliped 3 and pereiopods 1���3; single arthrobranchia on maxilliped 3 and double on pereiopods 1���4; pleurobranchia absent. Pleomeres smooth, unarmed and with sparse setae either single or coupled; mid-dorsal length of somites 2���6 subequal, slightly decreasing distally; weakly developed carina between terga and pleura on somites 2���5; somite 1 slightly longer than half of dorsal length of the second somite and with pleura acutely angled posteroventrally; pleura on somite 2 the widest, ventrally truncated, broadly rounded on lateroanterior and lateroposterior margins; pleura lateroanterior margin on somites 3���5 broadly rounded, declining backward to a rounded angle at lateroposterior margin; pleura on somite 6 rounded (Fig. 5 A). Pleopod 1 uniramous, unsegmented and distally spatulate (Fig. 5 D); pleopods 2���5 alike, slender, biramous, endopods with appendix interna in their proximal third (Fig. 5 C); pleopod 2 without appendix masculina (Fig. 5 E). Uropod exopod outer margin with submarginal ventral spinules barely visible dorsally in the distal third, movable tooth at posterodistal angle, just at the beginning of a clearly defined transverse suture dorsally furnished with 9���10 spinules; unarmed dorsal longitudinal midrib. Uropod endopod ovate, outer lateral margin with subventral spinules visible dorsally in the distal third and one distal apparent tooth; dorsal midrib with distal subterminal spine (Fig. 5 B). Telson about twice as long as wide, slightly convergent toward a rounded posterior margin without median spine; lateral margin bearing proximal lobe with spine, followed distally by two teeth each accompanied by a movable spine; half anterior dorsal surface with two short divergent carinae ending in a spine; scattered tufts of setae on dorsal surface (Fig. 5 A). Reproductive strategy. Hermaphrodite, our specimen shows clear male and female genital openings but no appendix masculina. No further details are available. Remarks. The present species closely resembles Eiconaxius borradailei Bouvier, 1905, especially because of the unarmed submedian horseshoe-shaped carinae on the anterior gastric region, the strongly protruded prolongation of the second antennal peduncle and the morphology of the pleomere pleurae (see Bouvier 1925: Pl. 7: figs. 8, 7 and Pl. 9: fig. 4, respectively). The genus Eiconaxius was described as having a weak median carina only on the rostrum, with submedian carinae converging anteriorly to join the median carina (Poore & Collins 2009). However, E. borradailei was described by Bouvier (1925: 465, Pl. 7, fig 8, Pl. 9, fig. 4) with a rostral median carina extending away from the union of submedian carinae and thickening until barely discernible before reaching the cervical groove, which concurs completely with our specimen. Moreover, other characters in the genus Eiconaxius, such as the presence of pleurobranchiae and posteromedian tooth on telson posterior margin (vs both absent in E. ferachevali) and the absence of uropodal exopod transverse suture and postcervical carina (vs both present in E. ferachevali), keep our species separate from the genus Eiconaxius and, accordingly, from E. borradailei. Habitat. The specimen was found on muddy coral rubble and shell debris at 470 m depth. Type locality. Off Cape Timiris area, Mauritania (19 ��07��20 ���N, 16 �� 50��31 ���W), 470 m depth. Etymology. The species name derived from fer �� cheval, the French expression for horseshoe, with reference to the horseshoe-shaped anterior gastric region., Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2015, Additions to thalassinidean fauna (Crustacea: Decapoda) off Mauritania (NW Africa) with the description of a new genus and a new species, pp. 571-587 in Zootaxa 4020 (3) on pages 579-584, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4020.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/238547, {"references":["Bouvier, E. - L. (1905) Sur les Thalassinides recueilles par le Blake dans la mer des Antilles et le golfe du Mexique. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des sciences, 141 (31), 802 - 806.","Bouvier, E. - L. (1925) Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877 - 78), in the Caribbean Sea (1878 - 79), and along the Atlantic coast of the United States (1880), by the U. S. Coast Survey steamer \" Blake, \" Lieut. - Com. C. D. Sigsbee, U. S. N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., commanding. XLVIII: Les Macroures marcheurs. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 47 (5), 401 - 472.","Poore, G. C. B. & Collins, D. J. (2009) Australian Axiidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 66, 221 - 287."]}

Anapagurus laevis (Bell, 1846) (Fig. 14) Pagurus laevis Bell, 1846: 184, 185, unnumbered figure. Anapagurus laevis.��� Ingle, 1993: figs. IIIA, 42���45.��� Garc��a G��mez, 1994: 13, figs. 2, 3, 44g (lit.).��� Garc��a Raso, 1996: 738 (Ibero-Moroccan, 170 to 518 ��� 526 m). Not Anapagurus laevis.��� Forest, 1955: 131, figs. 31, 32, pl. VI figs. 7���8, pl. VI fig. 6 (see Garc��a-G��mez 1994).��� Forest, 1961: 239, figs. 8, 12, 16 (see Garc��a-G��mez 1994) Material examined. MU 171, 105 ��� 100 m, (1); MU210, 86��� 90 m, (1); MUBV 21, 107 ��� 109 m, (51). Males: 2.05���4.19 mm, ovigerous females: 2.11���2.32 mm Habitat. Mainly a circalittoral species in coastal detritic bottoms, but also reported on hard and soft bottoms from 5 to 1262 m (d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999); Garc��a Raso & Manj��n-Cabeza (2002) found the species on Amphioxus sand. The gastropod and scaphopod shells inhabited by this species were summarized by Garc��a G��mez (1994). The following organisms have been reported attached to the outside of the shells inhabited by A. laevis: the poriferan Suberites domuncula (Olivi, 1792); the hydrozoans Podocoryna areolata (Alder, 1862), Podocoryna borealis (Mayer, 1900) and Podocoryna carnea Sars, 1846; the actinian Paracalliactis lacazaei Dechanc�� & Dufaure, 1959; the zoanthids Epizoanthus incrustatus D��ben & Koren, 1847 and Epizoanthus paguricola (Roule, 1900); the polychaetes Nereis fucata (Savigny) and Serpulidae indet; and the cirriped Balanus sp. (Garc��a G��mez 1994; Williams & McDermott 2004). Our specimens were found on sandy bottoms, mainly inhabiting carcinoecia of the zoanthid Epizoanthus incrustatus D��ben & Koren, 1847, although two specimens were found in the gastropod shells of Linatella caudata (Gmelin, 1791) and in a damaged Nassariidae shell. Distribution. A. laevis has been collected in the eastern Atlantic from off Trondheimsfjord (Norway) to off Mauritania and the western Mediterranean (d���Udekem d���Acoz 1999). Some records from the central and eastern Mediterranean were transferred to other species or their identification was considered questionable by Garc��a G��mez (1994). Nevertheless, the species was subsequently reported from Turkey (Ko��ak et al. 2001; Ates et al. 2006) and from Sicily and Italy (Pipitone & Arculeo 2003; Fanelli et al. 2007). Other records in Abell�� et al. (2002), Garc��a Raso & Manj��n-Cabeza (2002), Serrano et al. (2006), S��nchez et al. (2008), Cartes et al. (2009), Serrano et al. (2011), Papiol et al. (2012) and Ellis et al. (2013) fit well with the distribution. In Mauritania, the species was previously recorded off southern Mauritania, at 80 m (Chevreux & Bouvier 1892) and off Cap Blanc, at 105 m (Garc��a G��mez 1994). Our specimens were captured in the vicinity of Cape Timiris between 86 and 109 m. Remarks. Our specimens agree well with those described and figured by Ingle (1993) and Garc��a G��mez (1994). Laterodistal tufts with 2 or 3 setae on the ultimate antennular segment, the same inclination of all the dorsomesial spines (including the distal) on the carpus of right cheliped and the short, submarginal stiff setae in the telson support the identification of our specimens as A. laevis rather than as the closely related species A. vossi Garc��a G��mez, 1994. The strongly expanded ocular acicle mesial margins and the different-sized spines on the right cheliped carpus dorsomesial row of spines, easily distinguish our specimens from the related species A. congolensis Garc��a G��mez, 1994., Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2015, Hermit crabs (Decapoda: Crustacea) from deep Mauritanian waters (NW Africa) with the description of a new species, pp. 151-190 in Zootaxa 3926 (2) on page 172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/242192, {"references":["Ingle, R. W. (1993) Hermit crabs of the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea: an illustrated key. Chapman & Hall, London, 495 pp.","Garcia Gomez, J. (1994) The systematics of the genus Anapagurus Henderson, 1886, and a new genus for Anapagurus drachi Forest, 1966 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae). Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden), 295, 1 - 131.","Garcia Raso, J. E. (1996) Crustacea Decapoda (excl. Sergestidae) from Ibero-Moroccan waters. Results of Balgim- 84 Expedition. Bulletin of Marine Science, 58 (3), 730 - 752.","Forest, J. (1955) Crustaces Decapodes, Pagurides. Expedition Oceanographique Belge dans les Eaux Cotieres Africaines de L'Atlantique Sud (1948 - 1949). Resultats Scientifiques. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belge, 3 (4), 23 - 147.","Forest, J. (1961) Pagurides de l'Afrique occidentale. Scientific Results of the Danish Expedition to the coasts of tropical West Africa 1945 - 1946. Atlantide Report, 6, 203 - 250.","d'Udekem d'Acoz, C. (1999) Inventaire et distribution des crustaces decapodes de l'Atlantique nord-oriental, de la Mediterranee et des eaux continentales adjacentes au nord de 25 ° N. Paris, Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Service du patrimoine naturel, 40, 1 - 383.","Williams, J. D. & McDermott, J. J. (2004) Hermit crab biocoenoses: A worldwide review of the diversity and natural history of hermit crab associates. Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology, 305, 1 - 128. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jembe. 2004.02.020","Kocak, C., Katagan, T. & Kocatas, A. (2001) Anomurans of the Aegean coasts of Turkey and reported species from Turkish seas. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 25, 305 - 311.","Ates, A. S., Katagan, T. & Kocatas, A. (2006) Bathymetric distribution of decapod crustaceans on the continental shelf along the Aegean coasts of Turkey. Crustaceana, 79 (2), 129 - 141. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854006776952928","Pipitone, C. & Arculeo, M. (2003) The marine Crustacea Decapoda of Sicily (central Mediterranean Sea): a checklist with remarks on their distribution. Italian Journal of Zoology, 70, 69 - 78. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000309356498","Fanelli, E. F., Colloca, F. & Ardizzone, G. D. (2007) Decapod crustacean assemblages off the West coast of central Italy (western Mediterranean). Scientia Marina, 71 (1), 19 - 28.","Abello, P., Carbonell, A. & Torres, P. (2002) Biogeography of epibenthic crustaceans on the shelf and upper slope off the Iberian Peninsula Mediterranean coasts: implications for the establishment of natural management areas. Scientia Marina, 66 (2), 183 - 198.","Serrano, A., Sanchez, F. & Garcia-Castrillo, G. (2006) Epibenthic communities of trawlable grounds of the Cantabrian Sea. Scientia Marina, 70 S 1, 149 - 159.","Sanchez, F., Serrano, A., Parra, A., Ballesteros, M. & Cartes, J. E. (2008) Habitat characteristics as determinant of the structure and spatial distribution of epibenthic and demersal communities of Le Danois Bank (Cantabrian Sea, N Spain). Journal of Marine Systems, 72, 64 - 86. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jmarsys. 2007.04.008","Cartes, J. E., Maynou, F., Fanelli, E., Papiol, V. & Lloris, D. (2009) Long-term changes in the composition and diversity of deep-slope megabenthos and trophic webs off Catalonia (western Mediterranean): are trends related to climatic oscillations? Progress in Oceanography, 82, 32 - 46. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pocean. 2009.03.003","Serrano, A., Sanchez, F., Punzon, A., Velasco, F. & Olaso, I. (2011) Deep sea megafaunal assemblages off the northern Iberian slope related to environmental factors. Scientia Marina, 75 (3), 425 - 437. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2011.75 n 3425","Papiol, V., Cartes, J. E., Fanelli, E. & Maynou, F. (2012) Influence of environmental variables on the spatio-temporal dynamics of bentho-pelagic assemblages in the middle slope of the Baleric Basin (NW Mediterranean). Deep-Sea Research I, 61, 84 - 99. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2011.11.008","Ellis, J. R., Martinez, I., Burt, G. J. & Scott, B. E. (2013) Epibenthic assemblages in the Celtic Sea and associated with the Jones Bank. Progress in Oceanography, 117, 76 - 88. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pocean. 2013.06.012","Chevreux, E. & Bouvier, E. L. (1892) Voyage de la goelette \" Melita \" aux Canaries et au Senegal, 1889 - 1890. Paguriens. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 5, 83 - 144."]}

Munidopsis anaramosae n. sp. (Figs. 6���7) Holotype. MNCN 20.04 / 9118, one male 15.4 mm (Total length, rostrum included, 39.2 mm; maximum wide, 13.1 mm); MAURIT 0 811, Stn L 10, off NW Banc d���Arguin (Mauritania) 20 �� 20��50 "N, 17 �� 53��30 "W to 20 �� 18��23 "N, 17 �� 52��03"W, 1012 ��� 1000 m, 20 November 2008. Etymology. This species is devoted to Dr. Ana Ramos in appreciation and recognition of her genuine enthusiasm, hard work and dedication in order to improve the knowledge of benthic fauna in African coasts. Diagnosis. Carapace dorsally unarmed, abdomen smooth, unarmed; eye immovable, eyespine arising distally from the middle end of the cornea; no ventral spines on cheliped merus, P 2���4 merus with strong spines on dorsal and ventral margins; sternite 4 anterolateral margin denticulate with a strong acute distal spine. Description. General: Most carapace, legs, telson and endopod of uropods covered with numerous short ridges supporting bases of plumose setae (Fig. 6 b); setation denser on legs; two spots hairless on dorsal carapace behind antennal spines and two other triangular ones lateral to cardiac ridge; ventral carapace and abdomen mostly hairless. Dorsal abdomen moderately setose not on ridges but over the exoskeleton, as occurs on dorsal anterior part of carapace. Carapace: 1 / 3 longer than wide (rostrum included) with lateral margin somewhat diverging posteriorly, dorsally spineless, although with 1 low tubercle over each hepatic mesobranchial, post-cardiac and metabranchial regions can be recognized (Fig. 6 c). Dorsal regions well delimitated by distinct grooves; anterior to cervical groove almost smooth with some scarce granulation on epigastric and hepatic regions. Cardiac region with moderately elevated transverse ridge about 1 / 3 as wide as carapace. Low, short and closely placed transverse ridges supporting bases of setae on upper posterolateral region. Frontal margin oblique with well-developed antennal spine. Lateral margin with the anterolateral spine small, acute and ventral to level of lateral margin; the lateral anterobranchial spine as large as antennal spine and followed backwards by 5 small conspicuous denticles (Figs. 6 a, c, 7g). Posterior carapace ridge unarmed. Pterygostomian flap with an anterior small and acute spine; surface covered with low and short ridges. Rostrum: Triangular, somewhat wider proximally; about 1 / 3 of carapace length and slightly overreaching cheliped merus in dorsal view. Distolateral margins minutely dentate. Horizontal in lateral view and with a weak dorsal longitudinal carina. Sternum: Sternite 3 about 2 times wider than long and with rounded margins; anterior margin with shallow median notch flanked by a pair of spines followed laterally by an irregular dentition (Fig. 7 f). Sternite 4 about 3 times as broad as preceding one, narrowing anteriorly, with anterolateral margins denticulate and preceded by a strong spine; some short setose midline ridges in the distal middle surface can be observed too (Fig. 7 f). Abomen: Dorsal surface unarmed. Tergites 2���4 bearing 2 transverse ridges each, the anterior narrower and raised than posterior one and reaching the pleuron (Fig. 6 a). Tergite 6 with transverse posterior margin flanked by 2 conspicuous lobes. Distolateral and posterior margins of uropods exopod and endopod are provided with minute movable spines; uropods endopod dorsolateral surface with short ridges supporting bases of plumose setae and some scattered movable spines isolated or in groups of 2 or 3; uropods exopod with some few of these groups of movable spines on dorsolateral surface (Fig. 7 e). Telson composed of 8 plates (Fig. 6 c). Eye: Ocular peduncles immovable. Cornea obliquely oval in dorsal view, non-pigmented (orange when alive). 2 eyespines, one well-developed arising from distal end of cornea, little short than eyestalk in dorsal view; the other one mesioventral and smaller, hardly visible in dorsal view. Antennule: Basal article of antennula with 2 spines, one distodorsal and the other distolateral (Fig. 7 a). Antenna: Antennal peduncle short, reaching the middle of the main eye spine. Article 1 with one distolateral discrete spine and a strong distomesial spine. Article 2 with distolateral spine, mesial margin minutely serrated. Article 3 with 1 distomesial spine (Fig. 7 c). Maxilliped 3: Merus slighty broader than ischium, bearing 4 or 5 irregular spines on flexor margin and 2 low denticles on dorsodistal extensor margin. Ischium with one distoventral spine and 21 denticles on crista dentata. Carpus, propodus and dactylus unarmed (Fig. 7 d). Pereopod 1 (cheliped): Chelipeds subequal, about the same length as carapace (rostrum included), with short pilosum ridges all over dorsal surface. Ischium with distodorsal, distoventral and distomesial spines, distodorsal one followed by another blunt spine; distomesial margin serrated. Merus with 4 distal spines (dorsal, lateral, mesiodorsal and mesioventral); dorsal spine joined proximally with a longitudinal row of 5 other spines on dorsal crest; ventral surface unarmed. Carpus as long as broad, bearing 3 spines (dorsolateral, dorsal and mesiodorsal), the latter followed mesiodorsally by an oblique crest of 2 strong spines; ventral distomesial margin minutely denticulate. Palm as long as broad, spineless; fixed finger denticulate on anteroexternal margin; movable finger as long as palm; prehensile margin of the fingers spooned distally and followed proximally by a weakly crenulated carina, more notorious on fixed finger. Epipod absent. Pereopods 2���4: P 2���4 covered with short setose ridges more abundant on dorsal surface. P 2 almost reaching the tip of chelipeds when extended forward. P 3 and P 4 diminishing in lenght and reaching middle propodus of the preceding leg. P 2���4 meri relatively broad and compressed, with 7, 5 and 4 strong and acute spines respectively on dorsal margin and 4���5 spines on ventral margin (Fig. 6 a). Each carpus with 2 dorsodistal spines: strong dorsal one followed by 3 other strong dorsal spines and the other one less strong and followed laterally by a conspicuous carina; ventral distomesial margin denticulate. Propodus less than twice length of dactylus, ventral margin ending in 3 movable spines. Dactylus ending in relatively short, strongly curved claw, flexor margin with 10 teeth decreasing in size proximally (Fig. 7 b). Right P 5 lost. Epipods absent. Color. Whitish exoskeleton with orange cornea when alive; setae often covered with mud particles giving a dark appearance to the whole animal. Whitish in alcohol. Distribution. Only known from the type locality: off northwestern Banc d���Arguin, Mauritania, 1006���1012 m deep. Remarks. Chace (1942), aiming to compare and identify the species in the speciose genus Munidopsis, subdivided it into artificial groups, bringing together related species using some relevant morphological features. In this way M. spinoculata (A. Milne Edwards, 1880) and M. hendersoniana Faxon, 1893 were grouped by ���the huge terminal spine of the eyestalk practically passes through the cornea���. Baba (1988) described two new species, M. bispinoculata and M. similior, that he included in this group, and he added three more species: M. pilosa Henderson, 1885, M. ramahtaylorae Pequegnat and Pequegnat, 1971 and M. subspinoculata Pequegnat and Pequegnat, 1971. Other species that can be referred to this group too are: M. victoriae Baba & Poore, 2002, M. rotundior, Baba, 2005 and now M. anaramosae n. sp., raising to ten the number of Munidopsis species provided with a well-developed eyespine arising from the distal end of the cornea. Munidopsis victoriae (type locality off Portland, Victoria, southeastern Australia, 990 m), M. hendersoniana (see Baba 2005: 152; Gulf of Panama, Pacific Ocean, 915���1897 m) and M. pilosa (Indian and western Pacific Oceans, 732���1600 m) are provided with spines on the dorsal and ventral margins of the P 2���4 merus; nevertheless in M. hendersoniana and M. pilosa the cornea become divided into mesial and lateral lobes by ocular peduncle but not in our species. Munidopsis victoriae shows the cornea undivided like in M. anaramosae, but cheliped merus bears 2���4 ventral spines while is unarmed in M. anaramosae. Moreover, these three species show a different morphology and sculpture on sternites 3 and 4. Munidopsis ramahtaylorae Pequegnat & Pequegnat, 1971, M. spinoculata (A. Milne Edwards, 1880) and M. subspinoculata Pequegnat & Pequegnat, 1971 were recorded from the Atlantic Ocean but none of them have spines on the dorsal and ventral margins of the P 2���4 carpus. Munidopsis bispinoculata Baba, 1988, M. rotundior Baba, 2005 and M. similior Baba, 1988, known from the Indian and Pacific Oceans, have the P 2���4 merus spinose but only on the dorsal margin. The absence of spines on the ventral margins of the P 2���4 merus in these three species separates them from M. anaramosae n. sp in which the P 2���4 meri are provided with spines on the dorsal and ventral margins. None of the last three species have been recorded from Atlantic Ocean. Therefore, M. anaramosae n. sp. is the first species of the genus, having the eyespine arising from distal end of the cornea and with the dorsal and ventral margins of the P 2���4 merus spinose, recorded in the Atlantic Ocean., Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2014, Squat lobsters (Crustacea: Anomura) from Mauritanian waters (West Africa), with the description of a new species of Munidopsis, pp. 418-434 in Zootaxa 3765 (5) on pages 428-432, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/226306, {"references":["Chace, F. A. Jr. (1942) Reports on the scientific results of the Atlantis expeditions to the West Indies, under the joint auspices of the University of Havana and Harvard University. The Anomuran Crustacea. I. Galatheidea. Torreia, 11, 1 - 106.","Milne-Edwards, A. (1880) Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, and in the Caribbean Sea, 1877, ' 78, ' 79, by the United States Coast Survey Steamer \" Blake, \" Lieut. - Commander C. D. Sigsbee, U. S. N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., commanding. VIII. Etudes preliminaires sur les crustaces. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 8 (1), 1 - 68, pls 1 - 2.","Baba, K. (1988) Chirostylid and galatheid crustaceans (Decapoda: Anomura) of the \" Albatross \" Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910. Researches on Crustacea Special Number, 2, 1 - 203.","Pequegnat, W. E. & Pequegnat, L. H. (1971) New species and new records of Munidopsis (Decapoda: Galatheidae) from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Supplement to Texas A & M University Oceanographic Studies, Vol. 1. Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, 25 pp.","Baba, K. & Poore, G. C. B. (2002) Munidopsis (Decapoda, Anomura) from southeastern Australia. Crustaceana, 75 (3 - 4), 231 - 252. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854002760095363","Baba, K. (2005) Deep-sea chirostylid and galatheid crustaceans (Decapoda: Anomura) from the Indo-Pacific, with a list of species. Galathea Report, 20, 1 - 317."]}

Eumunida bella de Saint Laurent & Macpherson, 1990 Eumunida bella de Saint Laurent & Macpherson, 1990: 660, figs 2 b, 3, 4b, 5 b, 6 b, 8 b and f, 9 b, 10 b.���Baba et al. 2008: 16 (list of references and synonymies).��� Gonzalez et al. 2009: 2, fig. 1 (Cape Verde Islands, Canary Islands, 489���630 m). Material examined. MAURIT 0 811, Stn L 96, 618 ��� 850 m, 1 male 40.1 mm. Remarks. Our specimen agrees well with the description provided in Saint Laurent & Macpherson (1990). Distribution. Morocco to Congo, including Canary and Cape Verde Islands; bathymetrical range from 150 to 640 m deep (Saint Laurent & Macpherson 1990); our specimen was collected between 618 and 850 m deep., Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2014, Squat lobsters (Crustacea: Anomura) from Mauritanian waters (West Africa), with the description of a new species of Munidopsis, pp. 418-434 in Zootaxa 3765 (5) on page 419, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/226306, {"references":["Saint Laurent, M. & Macpherson, E. (1990 b) Les especes atlantiques du genre Eumunida Smith, 1883 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Chirostylidae). Journal of Natural History, 24, 647 - 666. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939000770441","Gonzalez, J. A., Santana, J. I. & Biscoito, M. (2009) On the presence of Eumunida bella (Crustacea: Anomura: Chirostylidae) off the Canary and Cape Verde Islands (Northeastern Atlantic). Bocagiana, 229, 1 - 6."]}

Munidopsis serricornis (Lov��n, 1852) Galathea serricornis Lov��n, 1852: 22 Munidopsis serricornis.���Baba et al. 2008: 159 (list of references and synonymies). Material examined. MAURIT 0 911, Stn L 20, 975 ��� 984 m, 1 male 7.7 mm. Remarks. Our specimen agrees well with those described for the Atlantic Ocean by Selbie (1914, as Munidopsis (Galathodes) tridentata), Mayo (1974), Baba (1988) and Baba & Poore (2002). Distribution. In the Atlantic Ocean, M. serricornis has been recorded from the Scandinavian coast and Iceland to Cape Verde Islands including the Mediterranean Sea, Mid-Atlantic Ridge and from off Georgia to Dominica in the west side. In the Indo-Pacific, it is reported from Madagascar to Sri Lanka, Malay Archipelago and southwestern Australia. The bathymetrical range varies between 145 to 2165 m deep. This is the first record from the Mauritania coast., Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2014, Squat lobsters (Crustacea: Anomura) from Mauritanian waters (West Africa), with the description of a new species of Munidopsis, pp. 418-434 in Zootaxa 3765 (5) on page 428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/226306, {"references":["Loven, S. (1852) De svenska arterna af slagtet Galathea. Ofversigt af Konglige Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 9, 20 - 23.","Selbie, C. M. (1914) The Decapoda Reptantia of the coasts of Ireland. Part 1. Palinura, Astacura and Anomura (except Paguridea). Fisheries Ireland Scientific Investigations, 1, 1 - 116, pls 1 - 15.","Mayo, B. S. (1974) The systematics and distribution of the deep-sea genus Munidopsis (Crustacea, Galatheidae) in the Western Atlantic Ocean. Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, University of Miami, Miami, 342 pp.","Baba, K. (1988) Chirostylid and galatheid crustaceans (Decapoda: Anomura) of the \" Albatross \" Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910. Researches on Crustacea Special Number, 2, 1 - 203.","Baba, K. & Poore, G. C. B. (2002) Munidopsis (Decapoda, Anomura) from southeastern Australia. Crustaceana, 75 (3 - 4), 231 - 252. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854002760095363"]}

Munida guineae Miyake & Baba, 1970 Munida guineae Miyake & Baba, 1970: 81, fig 7.���Baba et al. 2008: 98 (compilation).��� Mu��oz et al. 2012: 482 (Guinea- Bissau, 603���869 m). Material examined. MAURIT 1107, Stn L 64, 452 ��� 468 m, 1 male 19.1 mm. Remarks. Our specimen agrees well with the holotype description. The spinulation and the morphology of the abdominal tergite 4 and maxilliped 3 point out that this material belongs undoubtedly to M. guineae. Distribution. Only known from off Rio Muni (Equatorial Guinea) (Type locality) and Guinea-Bissau, between 260 and 869 m deep (Miyake & Baba 1970; Mu��oz et al. 2012). This record extends the northern distribution to Mauritania., Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2014, Squat lobsters (Crustacea: Anomura) from Mauritanian waters (West Africa), with the description of a new species of Munidopsis, pp. 418-434 in Zootaxa 3765 (5) on page 421, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/226306, {"references":["Miyake, S. & Baba, K. (1970) The Crustacea Galatheidae from the tropical-subtropical region of West Africa, with a list of the known species. Atlantide Report, 11, 61 - 97.","Munoz, I., Garcia-Isarch, E., Sobrino, I., Burgos, C., Funny, R. & Gonzalez-Porto, M. (2012) Distribution, abundance and assemblages of decapod crustaceans in waters off Guinea-Bisau (north-west Africa). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 92, 475 - 494. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315411001895"]}

De Matos-Pita, Susana S., Ramil, Fran (2014): Squat lobsters (Crustacea: Anomura) from Mauritanian waters (West Africa), with the description of a new species of Munidopsis. Zootaxa 3765 (5): 418-434, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.5.2

Munidopsis curvirostra Whiteaves, 1874 Munidopsis curvirostra Whiteaves, 1874: 212.���Baba et al. 2008: 138 (list of references and synonymies). Material examined. MAURIT 1107, Stn L04, 1812���1824 m, 1 ovigerous female 8.6 mm. MAURIT 0 811, Stn L13, 1808��� 1862 m, 3 males 7.2���8.2 mm. MAURIT 0 911, Stn L15, 1746��� 1749 m, 1 female 7.1 mm. MAURIT 1011, Stn L04, 1765���1773 m, 1 ovigerous female 11.7 mm, Stn L15, 1747��� 1867 m, 1 ovigerous female 7.6 mm. Remarks. Our specimens agree well with those described for the East Atlantic Ocean by Selbie (1914) and Macpherson & Segonzac (2005). Distribution. This species is known from Iceland to Mauritania in the eastern Atlantic and from Davis Straits to North Carolina in the western Atlantic; this species has been also cited at the Lord Howe Ridge, southwest Pacific (Khodkina 1981). Its bathymetrical range varies between 329 (Whiteaves 1874) and 2430 m., Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2014, Squat lobsters (Crustacea: Anomura) from Mauritanian waters (West Africa), with the description of a new species of Munidopsis, pp. 418-434 in Zootaxa 3765 (5) on pages 427-428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/226306, {"references":["Whiteaves, J. F. (1874) On recent deep-sea dredging operations in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 7 (No. 39), 210 - 218.","Selbie, C. M. (1914) The Decapoda Reptantia of the coasts of Ireland. Part 1. Palinura, Astacura and Anomura (except Paguridea). Fisheries Ireland Scientific Investigations, 1, 1 - 116, pls 1 - 15.","Khodkina, I. V. (1981) A contribution to the fauna of the family Galatheidae (Decapoda) of the South-west Pacific [in Russian with English summary and translation]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 60, 1261 - 1264."]}

Munidopsis chunii Balss, 1913 (Figs. 1���5) Munidopsis chuni Balss, 1913: 224. Munidopsis chunii.��� Baba et al. 2008: 137 (compilation) Material examined. MAURIT 1107, Stn L59, 1215��� 1282 m, 6 males 8.8���12.7 mm, 2 females 7.8���10.1 mm, 5 ovigerous females 8.0��� 11.4 mm; Stn L60, 1512��� 1530 m, 6 males 6.4���11.4 mm, 1 female 9.4 mm, 1 ovigerous female 8.1���10.3 mm; Stn L66, 1243��� 1317 m, 2 males 5.4���6.4 mm, 3 females 6.4���6.7 mm; Stn L68, 1136��� 1146 m, 31 males 7.6���12.4 mm, 24 ovigerous females 8.6���15.3 mm. MAURIT 0 811, Stn L33, 1331��� 1347 m, 1 male 8.5 mm, 1 female 6.4 mm; Stn L38, 1010��� 1124 m, 6 males 10.9���13.5 mm, 3 ovigerous females 11.3���13.3 mm. MAURIT 1011, Stn L40, 1214��� 1275 m, 3 males 7.7���8.2 mm, 1 female 8.3 mm, 6 ovigerous females 8.6 ���11.0 mm. Description. The following description is based on a male (11.8 mm) from MAURIT 1107 Stn L 68, for variations of this species, unless otherwise specified, see below. General: Carapace and legs covered with tuberculate transverse striae supporting bases of setae; setae scarce and short in the carapace, denser and somewhat long and plumose in the legs (Fig. 1 b). Carapace: Carapace longer than broad, with lateral margins somewhat diverging posteriorly. Dorsal surface with the different regions demarcated. Epigastric region with 2 transversal spines, each one followed apart by a minutely denticulate transverse striae at each side of the middle line; middle line from posterior to the base of the rostrum until protogastric region, with a weak longitudinal carina that is furnished with 3 or 4 separated and very short minutely tuberculate transverse striae (sometimes this carina can not be well appreciated). Mesogastric region with one median spine that arises from short minutely tuberculated transverse stria. Metagastric region with a median spine that arises from the anterior of 2 medium size minutely denticulated transverse striae that are curved anteriorly following the cervical sinus. Cardiac region with a median spine on a transversal ridge, the crest of this ridge is minutely denticulated. Frontal margin unarmed; weakly carinated at the base of the rostrum and minutely denticulated just behind antennal peduncle. Lateral margins with 2 prominent spines, the biggest one on the anterolateral margin over a conspicuous mamelon, the other one located on the anterobranchial region, over a smaller and rounded prominence too (Fig. 2 e). Posterior margin with a minutely denticulated carina. All carapace spines are anteriorly directed (Fig. 1 c). Pterygostomian flap surface with spaced minutely tuberculate transverse striae; ending anteriorly in 4���7 small and irregular teeth. Rostrum: Spiniform and running slightly upwards; about 1 / 2 (1 / 3 in females) length of the carapace; lateral margins furnished with denticles that are bigger and placed more apart each other in the base while they are smaller and closely placed distally; dorsally furnished with some short minutely tuberculate transverse striae, no carina neither dorsally nor lateral (Fig. 2 e). Sternum: Sternite 3 rectangular with rounded corners, about 4 times wider than high, anterior margin with a wide median concavity that is flanked laterally by 3���5 irregular denticles, this denticles are followed laterally by a small and rounded perforation in which the third maxilliped is articulated (Fig. 2 b). Sternite 4 about 2.5 times as broad as the preceding one, narrowing anteriorly and with a rounded hollow on each side in which the P 1 is articulated (Fig. 2 b). Abdomen: Tergites 2���4 each with 2 transverse ridges, anterior ones running laterally up to the tip of the pleuron; each ridge supports a row of small denticles in the crest on somites 2 and 3, while on somite 4 is unarmed and rounded. 2 median spines on tergites 2 and 3 arising respectively from anterior and posterior ridges; 1 spine over anterior ridge on tergite 4. Tergite 6 having posterior margin flanked by 2 conspicuous lobes with a rounded depression between the lobes (Figs. 1 a, c). The uropod exopod margin, the lower and inner laterals of uropod endopod and free margins of the telson posterior plates, furnished with long plumose setae and with movable teeth; exposed endopod dorsal surface when uropods retracted, with very short minutely tuberculate transverse striae suporting bases of simple setae. Telson composed of 12 plates (Fig. 1 c); lateral plate free margin (outer lateral) with bristle setae in adult males and short plumose setae in adult females. Eye: Ocular peduncles movable and very short. Cornea rather cylindrical, rounded distally and with smooth surface (Fig. 2 e). Antennule: Basal article armed with three large spines: one lateral, one distolateral and one distomesial; ventrodistal margin between these last 2 spines denticulate. The tip of the lateral spine on left antennule is trifid (this trifid tip was found only in this specimen, in the rest of the specimens examined was simple) (Figs. 2 a, e). Antenna: Basal article immovable, with triangular outer lateral margin and with the distal margin rounded and denticulate. Article 2 with a dorsodistolateral triangular prolongation with the rounded margin denticulate, one ventrodistolateral spine and one small subterminal ventrodistomesial spine. No distinct spines on article 3, but distomesial and distolateral margins denticulate. Article 4 with the lateral expansion spinose (Figs. 2 d, e). Maxilliped 3: Ischium about the same lenght of merus and with 18���21 denticles on the inner mesial ridge. Merus extensor margin with one distal spine, followed by 3 or 4 weak denticles (1 more notorious, 2 weak and 1 minute) each one furnished with 1 single setae, merus flexor margin with 2 strong spines and distal margin denticulate. Carpus, propodus and dactylus unarmed (Fig. 2 c). Pereopod 1 (cheliped): Chelipeds subequal, about 2.5 times the carapace length (without rostrum) in males, and 2 times in females. Ischium with one dorsodistal spine and a small distomesial submarginal spine. Merus with 4 distal spines: dorsomesial, dorsolateral, ventrolateral (subterminal) and ventromesial; one dorsomesial spine on distal half (in this specimen absent on left cheliped, see variations). Carpus about twice long as broad, with 4 distal spines: dorsomesial (sometimes double, see variations), dorsolateral, ventrolateral and a subterminal ventromesial one; the ventral and ventromesial distal margins minutely denticulated. Palm about 1.5 times carpus length, cylindrical and with a notorious spine at the distal dorsal margin, where the movable finger articulates. Fingers as long as palm, somewhat depressed and with cutting edges furnished with a row of irregular sized denticles (Fig. 2 f). Epipod absent. Pereopods 2���4: P 2 overreaching P 1 carpus when extended forward, P 3 and P 4 diminishing in length and overreaching carpus of the preceding leg (Fig. 1 b). Merus with 2 distal spines (dorsal and ventrolateral). Carpus with 1 distodorsal spine and the ventral margin minutely denticulate and 2 weak carinae-like composed by very short transversal striae, one following the distodorsal spine, the other one parallel laterally and less notorious on P 4. Propodus elongate, smooth and unarmed. Dactylus particularly setose on the extensor margin; flexor margin armed with 10-12 teeth decreasing in size proximally; each teeth is furnished subapically with a single seta (Fig. 2 g). Epipods absent. Color. Yellow cornea and orange-red exoskeleton with a white spot covering the central distal carapace and proximal rostrum in living specimens; whitish in alcohol. Variations. In the foregoing description the basic spinulation of carapace, abdomen and chelipeds is detailed. Nevertheless, in the 102 specimens studied, we found many variations from this basic pattern. One or more of these variations, not related to sex, age or size of the animal, can appear together in the same specimen. These variations are summarized as follows: 69 specimens show a double distal dorsomesial spine on P 1 carpus (Figs. 3 a, b, d, e, g) instead of a single spine (Figs. 3 c, f); 53 specimens display variations in the carapace dorsal gastric, cardiac and branchial spinulation pattern. The most common variations involve the presence of one additional spine over the protogastric region and/or over the posterior ridge on the metagastric region (Figs. 4 b, d, f, g). Additional spines can be developed from the minutely dentate transverse striae on the anterior protogastric, lateral epigastric, mesogastric, metagastric, cardiac and dorsobranchial regions (Figs. 4 a, c, e, h); these spines can be bifid (Fig 4 f). The metagastric spine was absent in 3 specimens (Fig. 4 i). The spinulation along the P 1 merus dorsal and ventromesial margins in 32 of the studied specimens varies, including either the absence of the typical spines from the basic pattern or the presence of additional ones (Figs. 3 a���g). The spinulation over abdominal tergites 2, 3 and 4 varies in 16 specimens, usually with additional spines formed by enlargement of some of the denticles over the transverse ridges, but in 5 of them, the spine on tergite 4 is absent. One specimen lacks spines on the posterior ridge of tergite 3 and on tergite 4. Another specimen shows the posterior ridge of the abdominal tergites 2 and 3 devoid of spines. Variations in the anterolateral and laterobranchial spinulation of the carapace were observed in four individuals, including either the absence or the presence of additional spines (Figs. 4 d, i). One specimen shows a double distodorsal spine on right P 4 merus and another exhibits an abnormal T-shaped fixed finger on right cheliped. Furthermore, we found too that the denticles on the mxp 3 extensor margin are variable and related to the size of the animal. In this way, those with CL around 6 mm have two denticles (Fig. 5 a); with CL: 8���10 mm they have two denticles (Fig. 5 b), two denticles and one seta (Fig. 5 c) or even three denticles (Fig. 5 d); with CL over 10 mm they can have three denticles (Fig. 5 f), three denticles and one seta (Fig. 5 e) or four denticles (Fig. 5 c); all denticles are furnished with one seta. Mxp 3 flexor margin spinulation displays some variations too, involving several small spines developed from the denticulate distal margin, and also additional spines between the major ones, in this case always related with the biggest specimens (Fig. 5 g). Distribution. Only recorded from two areas: near Victoria, Cameroon (type locality) and along Namibia, in depths from 400 to 710 m (Doflein & Balss 1913; Macpherson 1983). Our records extend the geographical distribution northwards to Mauritania and also increase its bathymetrical range from 710 to 1530 m deep. Remarks. The first description of this species is only a brief diagnosis (Balss 1913). Later, Doflein & Balss (1913) provide a little more extended description of the same specimens and they add a figure of this species too. These descriptions were based only in two specimens, one male and one small female and no further description are reported in the literature. Our specimens, both males and females, agree well with the male description given by Doflein & Balss (1913), and the differences appreciated, in both males and females, can be explained after the variations above mentioned. This species has been confused with Munidopsis bispinata Miyake & Baba, 1970; but the two species can be separated by the following features: The rostrum is about 1 / 3 ��� 1 / 2 length of the carapace in M. chunii, but about 1 / 4 ��� 1 / 3 in M. bispinata. The abdominal tergites 2 and 3 carry two spines, one on the anterior and one on the posterior transverse ridge in M. chunii but only a single spine on the anterior transverse ridge in M. bispinata. Both species have a single spine on abdominal tergite 4 anterior ridge. The antennal peduncle basal article has a small tubercular tooth and article 3 has a minute spine on the outer distal margin in M. bispinata; these are absent in M. chunii. The mxp 3 merus extensor margin has 2���4 small denticles or setae in M. chunii but only one seta and no denticles in M. bispinata. The meral flexor margin has 2 strong spines and the distal margin is most denticulate in M. chunii, whereas in M. bispinata, there are three spines, the distal one being very minute. The P 2 carpus has one dorsal spine (the distal one) in M. chunii while it has two dorsal spines in M. bispinata. The P 2���4 dactylus flexor margin is armed with 10���12 teeth in M. chunii but only seven in M. bispinata. Some of these features, mainly those applicable to the spinulation of the abdominal somites and mxp 3 merus, can be very variable as we have explained above. In consequence, to ensure the correct identification of the species, consideration of the combination of these features is required. The records for this species in the literature cited depths of 400 to 710 m, whereas all our specimens were captured at depths greater than 1000 m., Published as part of De Matos-Pita, Susana S. & Ramil, Fran, 2014, Squat lobsters (Crustacea: Anomura) from Mauritanian waters (West Africa), with the description of a new species of Munidopsis, pp. 418-434 in Zootaxa 3765 (5) on pages 421-427, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/226306, {"references":["Doflein, F. & Balss, H. (1913) Die Galatheiden der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. In: Chun, C. (Ed.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer \" Valdivia \" 1898 - 1899. Vol. 20. pp. 125 - 184, pls 12 - 17.","Macpherson, E. (1983) Crustaceos decapodos capturados en las costas de Namibia. Resultados Expediciones Cientificas, 11, 3 - 80.","Miyake, S. & Baba, K. (1970) The Crustacea Galatheidae from the tropical-subtropical region of West Africa, with a list of the known species. Atlantide Report, 11, 61 - 97."]}

Antennella sinuosa n. sp. (Fig. 2; Table 3) TYPE MATERIAL. — New Caledonia. MUSORSTOM 4, stn CP 155, 18°52.8’S, 163°19.5’E, 500-570 m, 15.IX.1985, single detached stem, no gonothecae, holotype (MNHN Hy 1294). ETYMOLOGY. — The specific name sinuosa refers to the sinuose shape of the abcauline wall of the hydrotheca. DISTRIBUTION. — This material comes from a single station near New Caledonia and was collected between 500 and 570 m. DESCRIPTION Stem reaching 16.5 mm in height. Basal part, with signs of damage and posterior regenerations, divided in several internodes by straight nodes; last internode with three nematothecae and ending with a distal oblique node. Rest of stem heteromerously segmented by alternating oblique and transverse nodes, sometimes indistinct.Hydrothecate internodes with a hydrotheca and three nematothecae: one mesial infracalycine and two laterals. Intermediate internodes with a single nematotheca in proximal part. Hydrotheca cylindrical and deep, rim smooth and tilted towards abcauline side. Abcauline wall sinuous, slightly convex in basal half and concave above. Adcauline wall straight and adnate in ¾ of its length; rest of adcauline wall free, straight or slightly concave. All nematothecae two-chambered.Mesial inferior nematotheca immovable, not reaching the hydrothecal base; upper chamber with adaxial wall lowered down to bottom of chamber. Lateral nematothecae placed on distinct apophyses, movable, reaching hydrothecal rim, with adcauline margin of upper chamber scooped. Nematothecae on ahydrothecate internodes similar to mesial inferior ones, but with longer adaxial wall and movable. Gonothecae not observed. REMARKS This species is characterised by the morphology of its hydrothecae, which are cylindrical with the abcauline wall convex in its basal part and concave above, and the adcauline wall straight with the distal ¼ free. In spite of the fact that the New Caledonian material lacks gonothecae, it is described as a new species here because of the morphology of the hydrothecae, with their sinuous abcauline wall, which is unknown in the other species of this genus., Published as part of Agís, José Ansín, Vervoort, Willem & Ramil, Fran, 2009, Hydroids of the family Halopterididae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected in the western Pacific by various French expeditions, pp. 33-61 in Zoosystema 31 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n1a3, http://zenodo.org/record/5398547