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This study explored the role of exogenous α-Toc (0.5 mM) and Asc (1 mM) in alleviating the damaging effects of salt stress in rapeseed plants (Brassica campestris cv. BARI Sarisha-17). Exposure of 21-day-old plants to different levels of salt stress (75 mM and 150 mM NaCl) resulted in the higher accumulation of sodium ions (Na+), reduced potassium ion (K+) levels, lower K+/Na+ ratio, increased oxidative damage, chlorophyll (Chl) breakdown, and disrupted antioxidant and glyoxalase systems. Phenotype responses to salt stress included reductions in plant height, shoot fresh weight, dry weight, number of siliques plant−1, silique length, number of seeds silique−1, 1000-seed weight, and seed yield plant−1. Exogenous α-Toc and Asc applications enhanced the levels of endogenous ascorbate, glutathione (GSH), AsA/dehydroascorbate ratios, GSH/glutathione disulfide, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities in the salt-stressed plants. Exogenous α-Toc and Asc enhanced antioxidant defense system components and insured better oxidative stress tolerance, as indicated by reduced hydrogen peroxide generation, membrane lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage. Exogenous α-Toc and Asc increased glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II activities in the salt-affected plants. Moreover, they regulated proline levels and increased the leaf relative water content, as well as the Chl level. Exogenous α-Toc and Asc also restored growth and improved yield attributes and seed yield per plants in the salt-affected rapeseed.

Methylammonium metal halide perovskites have recently been explored for new uses due to their unique and exciting optoelectronic properties. Their exceptional electronic properties have often been attributed to the overlap between the metal cation s and halogen p states. In this study, density functional theory calculations have been carried out based on the orthorhombic phase of the organometal trihalide perovskite CH

Favipiravir (FPV) is an antiviral drug used for the cure of Influenza virus, Ebola virus, Lassa virus etc. because it has excellent preventing ability of entry/exit of the virus into/from the human cells. Boron nitride nanocages have already drawn enormous attention as the delivery vehicle of various drug molecules for their nontoxicity and other lucrative properties. In this research, we have scrutinized the adsorption mechanism of FPV molecule on the exterior surface of pristine, Zn functionalized, and Ni functionalized B12N12 (BN, Zn f-BN, and Ni f-BN) nanocages by applying the DFT/QTAIM method and B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) approach. The adsorption energy (E

Objective: To see the efficacy of surgery (FESS) and quality of life of the patient after Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) for chronic rhinosinusiotis. Methods: It was a prospective type of study carried out Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery Department of BIRDEM Hospital and Shaheed Suhrawardy Hospital, Dhaka from July 2009 to June 2010. Total 60 (sixty) patients were included in this study. Results: In this study, 22(36.67%) patients were operated for Ethmoidal polyp, 19(31.67%) for chronic rhinosinusitis, 9(15%) for Antrochoanal polyp, 6(10%) for Rhinosporidiosis and 4(6.67%) for Inverted papilloma. Per operative difficulties were gross DNS 07 (11.67%), unusual bleeding 6(10%), concha bullosa 5(8.33%). Post operative complications were periorbital echymoses (10%), Synechiae (1.67%), Epiphora (1.67%), infection(1.67%). Complete relief of symptoms were noted in 81.67% cases. Majority of patients 46(76.67%) were released from the hospital on 2nd post operative day. Conclusion: Instead of some limitations, outcome of functional endoscopic sinus surgery is rapidly flourishing, highly effective, less time consuming, less hospital stay & less expensive. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2017; 23(2): 122-126

Natural fiber reinforced composite materials are replacing the conventional materials, owing to their excellent physical, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Also they increase biodegradability, reduce cost and decrease environmental pollution and hazards. In this study, obsolete high density polyethylene (HDPE) has used as polymer matrix and banana fiber as reinforcement material. Composites (5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of fiber contents) were made by hot press molding method by using Paul-Otto Weber Hydraulic press machine. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties of banana fiber-HDPE composites were studied and investigated the increment or decrement nature of different properties due to addition of banana fiber in BF-HDPE composites. The bulk density of composites increased with the increase wt. (%) of fiber content in composites. Water absorption ability of banana fiber and BF-HDPE composites also increased with the increase of wt. (%) of fiber content in composites and with socking time. Tensile strength of the BF-HDPE composites increased with the increase of fiber content in both cases (continuous aligned fiber orientation and continuous bidirectional fiber orientation). Moreover, the tensile strength of BF-HDPE composites with continuous aligned fiber orientation was greater than that of continuous bidirectional fiber orientation. At first, the flexural strength increased for 5% BF-HDPE composites then the value decreased for other higher compositions. The flexural strength of continuous aligned fiber orientation was slightly greater than that of continuous bidirectional fiber orientation and composite with 5% banana fiber showed better flexural properties than others. Leeb’s rebound hardness decreased with the increase of fiber addition. Different thermal properties like TG/DTG, DTA of the obsolete HDPE and BF-HDPE composites were studied using thermo gravimetric analyzer and it was found that composite with 20% fiber content was more thermally stable than three other compositions.

The sawdust reinforced Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) composites were prepared by using hot press molding machine for five different wt% (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) at 180°C temperature and 50 KN load. Sawdust was collected from local saw mill of Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh and ABS polymer was collected from local market of Dhaka, Bangladesh. In this study, different properties of composites like physical (bulk density and water absorption), mechanical (tensile properties and hardness) and structural (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) properties were studied. The bulk density of composites was not altered consistently and it gave greater value for 5% and 20% composites. The water absorption enhanced for all composites with the accumulation of fiber content and soaking time. The reduction of tensile strength and Leeb’s rebound hardness of the composites were observed with the increase of the fiber content in all compositions. Maximum (%) of elongation was found for 5% composite, and then it gradually decreased; however, elastic modulus increased with the increased of fiber content in composites. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy study was done for structural characterization. It was found that there was a new bond (C≡C) stretching formed for 20% composite; moreover, C-H rocking for 0% composite was broken for all other composites after the addition of sawdust in ABS polymer matrix.

Organizational effectiveness is the concept of how successful is an organization to achieve its goals in what the organization intends to serve or produce for its customers. Organizational effectiveness is more important for non-profit organizations or service providing organizations that primarily depends on their performance. The objectives of this study are to identify factors and their influence on organizational effectiveness. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted to get information and valid data. The study has nine independent variables and each variable was measured at least by three items. The consistency of the items has measured the reliability of the variables through Cronbach Alpha and found most of the variable items were very consistent. This study has also developed nine hypotheses. A multiple regression equation was performed for testing relations. Among the nine independent variables along with ‘organizational effectiveness’ as the dependent variable, it is found that three hypotheses were accepted according to standardized beta values with a considerable level of significance. Accepted hypotheses are related to ‘motivation’, ‘integrity’, and ‘empowerment’. The ANOVA results highlights a significant relationship and explains as 79.50% (p

Background: Myringoplasty is one of the surgical techniques for the management of chronic supportive otitis media with permanent perforation of tympanic membrane. It is defined as simple surgical repair of tympanic membrane perforation without doing ossicular reconstruction. Objective: To determine the success rate of myringoplasty and to examine whether the hearing improvement is a potential indication for surgery. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 and 100 patients who underwent myringoplasty in this period were analyzed. About 100 patients with dry central tympanic membrane perforations of various size were included in this study Results: Myringoplasty was performed in 100 patients. Male were (45%) and females were (55%).Twenty one (7%) of them belonged to age group of 10-20 years, 31 (31%) were in the age range of 21-33 years, 38(38%) were the age range 31-40 years while 24 (24%) aged between 41-50 years with mean age of 26.32 ±S.D 9.59 years. Overall success rate of graft uptake was noted in 88 (88%) out of 100 cases Conclusion: Myringoplasty is a safe surgical procedure in achieving intact tympanic membrane and to improve the hearing loss. Therefore, underlay technique being technically simple should be preferred, but the ultimate decision about the technique to be employed depends on the surgeons preference and the site of perforation Bangladesh J of Otorhinolaryngology; October 2018; 24(2): 131-136

The generation of oxygen radicals and their derivatives, known as reactive oxygen species, (ROS) is a part of the signaling process in higher plants at lower concentrations, but at higher concentrations, those ROS cause oxidative stress. Salinity-induced osmotic stress and ionic stress trigger the overproduction of ROS and, ultimately, result in oxidative damage to cell organelles and membrane components, and at severe levels, they cause cell and plant death. The antioxidant defense system protects the plant from salt-induced oxidative damage by detoxifying the ROS and also by maintaining the balance of ROS generation under salt stress. Different plant hormones and genes are also associated with the signaling and antioxidant defense system to protect plants when they are exposed to salt stress. Salt-induced ROS overgeneration is one of the major reasons for hampering the morpho-physiological and biochemical activities of plants which can be largely restored through enhancing the antioxidant defense system that detoxifies ROS. In this review, we discuss the salt-induced generation of ROS, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense of plants under salinity.

Jute (Corchorus spp.) belongs to the Malvaceae family, and there are two species of jute, C. capsularis and C. olitorious. It is the second-largest natural bast fiber in the world according to production, which has diverse uses not only as a fiber but also as multiple industrial materials. Because of climate change, plants experience various stressors such as salt, drought, heat, cold, metal/metalloid toxicity, and flooding. Although jute is particularly adapted to grow in hot and humid climates, it is grown under a wide variety of climatic conditions and is relatively tolerant to some environmental adversities. However, abiotic stress often restricts its growth, yield, and quality significantly. Abiotic stress negatively affects the metabolic activities, growth, physiology, and fiber yield of jute. One of the major consequences of abiotic stress on the jute plant is the generation of reactive oxygen species, which lead to oxidative stress that damages its cellular organelles and biomolecules. However, jute’s responses to abiotic stress mainly depend on the plant’s age and type and duration of stress. Therefore, understanding the abiotic stress responses and the tolerance mechanism would help plant biologists and agronomists in developing climate-smart jute varieties and suitable cultivation packages for adverse environmental conditions. In this review, we summarized the best possible recent literature on the plant abiotic stress factors and their influence on jute plants. We described the possible approaches for stress tolerance mechanisms based on the available literature.

This paper proposes a D-Shaped parasitic patch antenna fed with a 180° hybrid coupler for full duplex communication. This antenna has three layers of substrates. Over the top layer, there are three parasitic patches one is D shaped and the other two are rectangular shapes which are used to improve the bandwidth. A Hybrid coupler is on the bottom of the third layer. The proposed antenna has a bandwidth of 130 MHz from 2.31 GHz to 2.44 GHz with less than -50 dB isolation. It has gain over 4 dB for both TX and RX in 2.375 GHz which is the center frequency for this antenna.

In this article, an inkjet-printed circular-shaped monopole ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with an inside-cut feed structure was implemented on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed antenna was designed using ANSYS high-frequency structural simulator (HFSS), which operates at 3.04–10.70 GHz and 15.18–18 GHz (upper band) with a return loss &lt, −10dB and a VSWR &lt, 2. The antenna, with the dimensions of 47 mm × 25 mm × 0.135 mm, exhibited omnidirectional radiation characteristics over the entire impedance bandwidth, with an average peak gain of 3.94 dBi. The simulated antenna structure was in good agreement with the experiment’s measured results under flat and bending conditions, making it conducive for flexible and wearable Internet of things (IoT) applications.

This modern era is the era of IoT and Robotics. In current times the whole world is suffering from the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper represents an IoT based Robot that will help the virus affected people. This robot will be able to collect data from virus affected people and send those data to a cloud database. The collected data can be analyzed from the cloud platform. The robot is designed as a low-cost device and can be controlled via smartphones. Bluetooth sensors, temperature sensors, and other sensors are used to collect data from the patient and to control the robot. Wi-fi communication is used to send the collected sensor data to cloud database. The prototype is successfully worked and showed good results.

In this review article, we have presented a detailed analysis of the recent advancement of quantum mechanical calculations in the applications of the low-dimensional nanomaterials (LDNs) into biomedical fields like biosensors and drug delivery systems development. Biosensors play an essential role for many communities, e.g. law enforcing agencies to sense illicit drugs, medical communities to remove overdosed medications from the human and animal body etc. Besides, drug delivery systems are theoretically being proposed for many years and experimentally found to deliver the drug to the targeted sites by reducing the harmful side effects significantly. In current COVID-19 pandemic, biosensors can play significant roles, e.g. to remove experimental drugs during the human trials if they show any unwanted adverse effect etc. where the drug delivery systems can be potentially applied to reduce the side effects. But before proceeding to these noble and expensive translational research works, advanced theoretical calculations can provide the possible outcomes with considerable accuracy. Hence in this review article, we have analyzed how theoretical calculations can be used to investigate LDNs as potential biosensor devices or drug delivery systems. We have also made a very brief discussion on the properties of biosensors or drug delivery systems which should be investigated for the biomedical applications and how to calculate them theoretically. Finally, we have made a detailed analysis of a large number of recently published research works where theoretical calculations were used to propose different LDNs for bio-sensing and drug delivery applications., Graphical abstract In this review article, we have analyzed the application of low-dimensional nanostructured materials in the biomedical applications like drug delivery systems and drug sensors development.Unlabelled Image, Highlights • Applications of low-dimensional nanomaterials in biomedical fields are discussed. • First-principles calculation based recent drug adsorption researches are reviewed. • Properties required to investigate drug adsorption mechanism are briefly discussed. • Importance of drug adsorption for each drug is discussed with its adverse effects. • Low-dimensional nanomaterials hold a promising future for biomedical applications.

For the past decades, experiment like photoelectron spectroscopy and computational studies have demonstrated that highly coordinated transition metal centered boron nanoclusters favor planar or quasi-planar type structures, which could be potential building blocks for designing better nanostructure with tailored properties. In this paper, we have studied geometrical structures, electronic, optical and magnetic properties of the gas-phase Zn centered small boron clusters (n = 6–8) by employing density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent (TD) DFT calculations with B3LYP hybrid exchange-correlation functional. Two global minimum structures containing pyramidal and bi-pyramidal shaped ZnBm and Zn2Bm clusters shows symmetrical cyclic motif. The adsorption energy, ionization potential and molecular orbital analysis revealed that Zn is chemically adsorbed on the boron clusters occupying the hollow site and inverse sandwich bi-pyramidal (Zn2Bm) clusters are relatively more stable compared to singly doped boron nanoclusters. Vibrational modes are calculated to validate the true minima nature of the optimize structures which possesses no imaginary frequencies. All the pyramidal and bi-pyramidal clusters are optically active and show blue shifts in our calculated absorption spectra. The DFT computations indicate spin polarization in the pristine B7 cluster which induces strong ferromagnetism in pristine and adsorbed B7 clusters.

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) is a technology associated with power electronics based on semiconductor devices which can be very useful and cost efficient compared to HVAC for long distance transmission. In this paper, a simple 12 pulse HVDC transmission system model has been developed which consists of converter and filter to improve the stability of power transmission. This paper presents the simulation result of a 12 pulse HVDC model to analyze the power, voltage and current profile with a synchronous machine as a generator. It has been found that the rectifier faces some trouble to convert the whole amount of power generated by the machine from AC to DC at a time and the system becomes unstable. A method has been studied to eliminate this phenomenon and to sustain stability to provide a steady state power supply to the rectifier. That was done by connecting several loads parallel with the synchronous machine to consume the excess power and the simulation profile of power, voltage and current were found steady state after some time interval.

The modern era is Robotic and IoT era. Robots are reducing human works. Robots are broadly using in Restaurants, Farming, Hospitals and various fields now a days. This work results a low cost IoT Robot that can work like a waiter in a restaurant. The developed robot can follow line and avoid obstacles. The robot can take and serve orders to the customers. It reads RFID from tables to recognize particular orders from customers. The collected data will be saved in a cloud database. Taken orders by robots will automatically go to the chefs. Each order bill will also be generated on the robot. The robot will be able to take the bills also. The full system is made in very low cost than previously made systems. It will not increase unemployment problem too.

The surface-modified nanomaterials are considered effective drug carriers due to their high electronic sensitivity and reactivity towards various drug molecules. In this work, we have modified B12N12 nanocage by doping metal atoms (Al and Ga) to form AlB11N12 and GaB11N12 nanocages, and deeply scrutinized the interactions of these nanocages towards emodin (ED) drug via DFT calculations. Our calculations demonstrated that AlB11N12 and GaB11N12 show high sensitivity and reactivity towards the ED than B12N12 in both gas and solvent media. ED interacts with AlB11N12 and GaB11N12 in gas media with energies −46.69 and −51.29 kcal/mol and in solvent media with −57.50 and −47.05 kcal/mol whereas the interaction energies of ED/B12N12 system are found about −22.48 and −24.68 kcal/mol in gas and water media respectively. The adsorption process significantly effects on the HOMO and LUMO levels which leads to reduction of Eg of ED/AlB11N12 and ED/GaB11N12 approximately 42.48% and 52.03%. Thus, the electrical conductivity greatly enhanced due to the reduction of Eg which can produce electrical signal. This phenomenon implies that AlB11N12 and GaB11N12 could be used as promising electronic drug sensor for ED. Furthermore, QTAIM and RDG analysis also indicate the strong hydrogen-bonded interaction between ED and both AlB11N12, and GaB11N12.

Background: Chikungunya fever is a benign self-limiting viral illness. Although it is considered as a nonfatal disease but in elderly patients who have co-morbidities can present with atypical life threatening clinical menifestations which may cause significant morbidity and mortality.The Aim of this study is to observe atypical presentations ,various complications and outcome of chikungunya fever. Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study was carried out on 23 adult patients with chikungunya fever from 1 st June to 31 st July of 2017 in the Department of Critical Care Medicine of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results: Total 23 patients were included in this study, male 83% and female 17%.From indoor 17(73.9%) patients got admitted in ICU, 3(13%) patients came directly from home and 3(13%) patients from another hospitals. Most of the patients were elderly having co-morbidities like diabetes, Hypertension, IHD and CKD. COPD and CVD were also present in a few numbers of patients. Most of the patients had fever , arthralgia and headache but respiratory distress (73.9%), altered mental status (56.5%), vomiting (21.7%), diarrhoea (17.3%) and low urine output (17.3%) are the causes of ICU admission. Major Organ involvement of the study subjects were respiratory system (52.1%), renal system (47.8%), CVS (34.7%) and nervous system (34.7%). Among 23, 16(70%) patients improved and 4(17%) patients died in ICU. Conclusion: This study highlights that though chikungunya fever is considered as a benign non-fatal disease it can produce life threatening clinical menifestations and serious complications requiring Intensive Care particularly in elderly comorbid patients and can cause high mortality. Birdem Med J 2018; 8(1): 16-20

Bangladesh is a top-performing country in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Bangladesh has taken various initiatives in localizing SDGs at various levels from grassroots to central and has aligned SDGs with national development plans like the 7th Five Year Plan. The localization of SDGs depends on strategic issues, planning, policy, medium and long term vision, appropriate initiatives, addressing complex cross-cutting issues, investments, know-how, technical-intellectual capacity, and operational management. For localizing and implementing SDGs a public organization should be competitive in the management taking care of the integration with other organs and should adopt the initiatives in which the business is inserted for the meeting targets and indicators of SDGs. To check the progress of localization and implementation of the related targets and indicators of SDGs the organizational analysis is essential. The study aimed at examining the linkages among the allocation of business, the targets of SDGs and the initiatives taken by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. Secondary data was used for this analysis. According to the mandates, this ministry is broadly resonated with 26 targets of SDGs. The ministry has taken various initiatives to reach most of the concerned targets and has a wider scope to take more programmes or projects to achieve some targets for 2020 described in SDG 14 and 15. There are few dots in the allocation of business which should be redefined incorporating international frameworks and bindings.

Maritime and coastal tourism has become an important economic sector for the marine states of the world. The coasts and the Bay of Bengal are increasingly coveted spaces as strategic resources for Bangladesh. The coastal and maritime tourism are facing emerging challenges that deserve closer attention. The blue tourism depends on the beauty of the natural ecosystems, but at the same time, it contributes to its depletion and fragilization, and puts at risk its sustainability. The inter-linkage of marine tourism with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is highly essential. Governance, policy framework, institutional mechanism and legislative arrangements are considered as the cross-cutting issues for sustainable tourism. The study aims at analyzing the existing institutional, legal and policy frameworks of Bangladesh for sustainable blue tourism. Both primary and secondary data were used in this study. International regulatory frameworks and mandates were critically reviewed to analyze the national arrangements. It was found that no specific laws were enacted to cover sustainable blue tourism but few environmental laws support sustainability to some extents. Non-compliances with the existing laws, poor coordination and integration among different sectors, overlapping jurisdictions and conflict of interests are widespread. Sustainable tourism is embedded in many international frameworks which are not properly reflected in the national frameworks. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) emphasizes marine conservation and sustainable use of its resources. The national laws should be aligned to international regulatory frameworks like UNCLOS, SDGs and Paris Agreement (2017). The study recommends the integration of the legal and institutional frameworks governing the tourism, environment and biodiversity conservation.

A first principle investigation is made on the structural, optical and magnetic properties of the pristine and several other transition metal (TM), Fe, Co, Ni adsorbed B8 structures. The adsorption of TM atoms alters the bond length of the B-B bonds in B8 structure. Furthermore, due to the adsorption, no significant deformation and the imaginary frequency in the IR spectroscopy was observed. From the analysis of thermodynamical parameters, it was observed that the TM atoms adsorption process on B8 was spontaneous, exothermic and ordered. Among our investigated structures, the most stable structure was NiB8 structure with an adsorption energy of -8.12 eV. The order of stability of adsorbed structures further was obtained as NiB8>FeB8>CoB8. TM adsorption made structures to absorb more energetic lights and widen the optical bandgap. Finally, only CoB8 structure exhibits magnetic properties and behave as a ferromagnetic material with a total and spin magnetic moment of 6.33 and 0.11 respectively.

The use of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in a wide variety of applications involving THz communications, sensing useful and harmful gas and liquids, imaging and spectroscopy is getting well established with the researches of last two decades. We are demonstrating a novel design of a suspended core PCF for sensing alcohol in this paper. The shape of the designed core of the fiber is elliptical with circular air pores incorporated into it, while the cladding of the fiber has been designed to be hexagonal in shape filled completely with air that results in high relative sensitivity along with good birefringence. Extensive simulations have been carried out using COMSOL design environment to evaluate the proposed architecture. Proposed architecture provides state-of-the-art relative sensitivity of 80.31% with birefringence of 0.016 at 0.65 THz, which outperforms all other published architectures.

The current study was done to view the level of knowledge about antibiotic misuse and the development of antibiotic resistance among the general people in the District Gopalganj, Bangladesh. For this purpose, questionnaires were prepared and distributed randomly among 1000 abusers within the age range 15 to 80 years. To get appropriate responses, some literate volunteers were assigned who directly collected data. Results suggest that males were more misusers than the females. Second generation antibiotics are the frequently used antibiotics among the patients. More patients were found using antibiotics without clinical diagnosis and in an incomplete dose fashion. More studies are necessary to find out the actual facts on antibiotic misusages and the subsequent gaining of antibiotic resistance. Key words: Antibiotics; Misuse; Resistance; Health care.

In this research, we demonstrated density functional theory (DFT) calculations using widely accepted B3LYP/SDD theory to investigate the structural, electronic and optical property for both pristine B 16 and metal (Na, K) doped B 16 structures. For the doping with the less electronegative atom (K 16 > Na-B 16 > B 16 . In addition, reactivity and stability of the structures were analyzed and global indices were calculated. For doped structures, UV-Vis spectrum confirms the absorption of light in the visible range and DOS spectrum was used to calculate the possible states of the structures.

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed along with B3LYP/SDD theory to investigate the structural, optical and magnetic properties of both pristine B 6 and transition metal (TM) (Co, Ni, Rh, Pd) adsorbed B 6 structures. Ni adsorbed NiB 6 structure was concluded as the most stable among the investigated structures using adsorption energy calculations. This was supported by the thermodynamic parameters calculations. Negative values for the Gibbs free energy, the changes of thermal energy and entropy assures a spontaneous and ordered adsorption for all structures. Co and Rh doped structures show a magnetic moment and exhibits magnetic behavior. The optical properties were analyzed using UV Visible spectrum. CoB 6 and RhB 6 structure have a wide band gap where NiB 6 and PdB 6 absorb more energetic UV light.

2D nanomaterial becomes one of the most dynamic areas of nanomaterial researches due to their encouraging application and the discovery of Borophene opens up a vast field of research interest. Recently metal boride clusters are highly investigated because of their impressive properties and inspired by this, the geometric, electronic and optical properties of the Zn doped B6 nanoclusters have theoretically explored by implementing density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The adsorption phenomena of Zn on B6 nanoclusters is explored with the analysis of Mulliken charge distribution, adsorption energy and thermodynamic parameters. Based on our results of adsorption energies and change of enthalpy (AH), it is inferred that physisorption occurs for doping Zn atom in B 6 structure. Electronic properties are investigated by dipole moment, global indices and HOMO-LUMO energy gap (Eg) analysis. For pristine B6 the value of HOMO-LUMO gap is 0.792ev whereas for ZnB 6 and Zn 2 B 6 it is 2.198ev and 0.086ev respectively. It indicates the value of Eg decreases drastically after doping Zn atom bi-pyramidally in B 6 which is also pictured by density of state (DOS) spectra. Furthermore, the DOS graphs refer to orbital hybridization for these structures. UV-Vis spectra refer eminent blue shift for the doped clusters and circular dichroism (CD) spectra indicate that B6 cluster turns into optically active material for doping Zn atom.

In this research, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed using widely accepted B3LYP/SDD theory to investigate the structural and electronic properties of both pristine B 8 and transition metal (TM) (V, Cr, Mn) adsorbed B 8 structures. Several properties like ionization potential, total energy, zero point energy, dipole moment etc. were enhanced and HOMO-LUMO energy gap was also increased due to the adsorption of TM atoms on B 8 nanocluster. In terms of the binding energy, TM adsorbed structures can be ordered as $\text{CrB}_{8} > \text{MnB}_{8} > \text{VB}_{8}$ which indicates that the most stable TM adsorbed structure in our case is CrB 8 . Binding energy investigation for stability of the structures has been also validated by the analysis of thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy ( $\Delta \mathrm{G}$ ), enthalpy ( $\Delta \mathrm{H}$ ) and entropy ( $\Delta \mathrm{S}$ ). Finally, global indices with chemical potential were also calculated.

Malaria, a life-threatening disease, takes millions of lives every year all over the world. Early detection of malaria can be an effective way to right with this disease. This study investigates the effectiveness of the combination of convolutional and capsule network to detect the malaria parasite in red blood cells in terms of standard evaluation metrics. The proposed architecture achieves higher accuracy in comparison to different existing convolutional neural networks. The proposed method also shows stable and higher accuracy in case of different ratios of train and test set separation. The proposed architecture attains about 95% accuracy when only 10% of the dataset is kept for training purpose. Such performance ensures the superiority of the CNN-Capsule network in malaria parasite detection.

In today's world business are becoming online based. Companies sell their products and seek for consumer's feedback. When all the consumer writes their review about that's a product, It's becomes difficult to say that product is good or not based on their review. That's where Deep learning come. By using this, we can extract opinion or sentiment from the text which is written by the consumer. This is sentiment analysis. It can classify the emotional status of that review. Our project detects opinion from consumer's review whether it is good or bad. We use SVM, Naive Bayes algorithm and some methods. We use the Naive Bayes algorithm because we want to know how often words occur in the document. And then we use SVM for classifying whether words are positive or negative. For our researching purpose, we use the Amazon consumer review data set, which was available online. Some methods that we are using for preprocessing and cleaned the document where just words are left. We trained our model so well with twenty-four thousand data. So, it will give us the best accuracy and we make this model with the best algorithm and after that, it gives the accuracy of 98.39%. This project will help us in real life when we are having trouble with product reviews. Our machine will help us to determine which review is good and which review is bad and make a category of a positive and negative review and saves our time.

The Electrocardiogram(ECG) is a wide spread used tool to monitor the health of a human heart. Detecting any abnormalities of heart signal is the primary objective. Researchers have given a great attention to make this detection error- less and to detect the heart beats abnormality as quick as possible. In this paper, we proposed a method to detect heart beats abnormality efficiently. Our proposed structure is quite lightweight requiring less computational power and memory. Furthermore, to reduce class imbalance while increasing accuracy, we preprocessed our data and augmented the lower numbered classes with 6 different operations. For arrhythmia classification, we achieved average accuracy of 97.3%, 98.9% with F1 score of 97.21%, 99.2% & specificity of 99.3%, 98.95% for MIT BIH Arrhythmia database and PTB Diagnostic ECG database respectively, which is higher enough for a lightweight architecture like proposed one.

This paper presents the design methodology and implementation of a low cost autonomous robot prototype that can detect presence of fire from its surroundings and take necessary measure to extinguish it. Using the mounted camera, this prototype takes continuous video feed of the surroundings which is used for detecting presence of fire in its premises. For detecting fire, an image processing algorithm was developed and it was tested with a database created by authors. After the presence of fire being confirmed at a direction, the robot aligns itself at that direction and moves toward that place. After reaching there a cross check for the presence of fire is done by a pyro sensor and upon receiving positive result, the fire extinguishing procedure begins and continues till the fire is extinguished. The functionality and accuracy of this robot are tested in different locations and accuracy rate is measured in terms of fire detection and heading angle. This robotic system can be very effective as a safeguard robot in both industries and households by detecting fire and extinguishing it before it reaches a threatening amount.

Comparative study of enhancing stability of a wind farm that is grid connected has exposed moderating voltage variability and achieving reactive power recompense by means of STATCOM (static synchronous compensator). A PID controller and voltage control loop altogether used for controlling STATCOM. For maintaining control of STATCOM, PWM technique is introduced. By using different approach, relative study has been performed concerning stabilization of wind farm (i.e. by means of bank capacitor only/STATCOM/STATCOM together with PID controller during wind speed change). STATCOM together with PID controller deals improved performance along with enhanced stability.

The application of nanomaterials as drug delivery vehicles for a vast number of anticancer drugs to reduce their severe adverse effects by transporting them into the targeted tumour cell region is currently a widely investigated novel biomedical application of various nanomaterials. In this research work, we have investigated the performance of the pristine B12N12 nanocage (BN) and several other transition metal (TM) functionalized BN nanostructures as a drug delivery vehicle for chlormethine (CM) anticancer drug using DFT B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) level of theory. Among our investigated nanostructures, we have found Ni-BN as the most prominent nanostructure to form a drug delivery complex to transport CM drug by exhibiting the most stable adsorption of CM drug in both gas (−39.04 kcal/mol) and water (−30.93 kcal/mol) medium with an increase in the dipole moment from 3.57 (8.37) Debye to a maximum of 7.88 (12.11) Debye in the gas (water) medium. The interaction of CM drug with the nanostructures is also confirmed from the frontier molecular orbitals and QTAIM analysis. The NBO, MEP, and fractional charge transfer analysis reveals a significant charge transfer from CM drug molecules to the nanostructures. Finally, with the confirmation of stable adsorption of CM drug on each investigated nanostructures with negative values for the stabilization energies ranging −0.117 to −0.247 eV, the complexes were also found to be stable on the water medium with negative values for the solvation energies which is favorable for the CM drug delivery applications.

In this present study, we have theoretically scrutinized the interaction mechanism of Metronidazole drug on the surface of graphene, boron carbide and boron nitride nanosheets in gas and aqueous phase applying density functional theory with B3LYP/6-31G method to sort a path for minimizing the adverse effects of this drug on the human and animal body. The maximum adsorption energy (A.E) value is −44.50 kj/mol which indicates the adsorption of all complexes is physisorption type and our complexes benefit from the short recovery time. Weak electrostatic nature of the interaction is also revealed by the QTAIM study. The reduction of Eg for the adsorption of ML on BN sheet is the highest (up to 55%) indicating the highest sensitivity while the sensitivity trend is σ (BN) > σ (GNS) > σ (BC3). The UV–Vis spectra investigation also validates this sensitivity trend. The dipole moment and A.E data in case of the solvent effect upon the complexes claim the favourable adsorption process in aqueous medium. Consequently, this comparative study reveals the ability of BN nanosheet to sense ML drug is higher than that of GNS and BC3, which will help to protect human and wildlife from the side effect of this drug.

Among the different ways of achieving heat transfer enhancement in pool boiling, modification of surface roughness and the associated change in the surface wettability are two widely studied methods. It is well established that microstructure can play an important role in varying surface roughness and improving interfacial wettability. In the present study, pool boiling heat transfer on a number of micro grooved and flat (brass and copper) surfaces with water as the working fluid is investigated experimentally for enhancement of critical heat flux. The micro structured sample surfaces feature parallel grooves having dimensions of tens of microns and are fabricated using a mechanical micromachining process. Classical pool boiling experiments are conducted for three different values of heat flux (75 kw/m2, 100 kw/m2, 125 kw/m2). The bubble nucleation process is visualized and the bubble departure diameter is measured with the help of a high speed camera. It is observed that the nucleation site density and departing bubble diameter increases, while the bubble departure frequency decreases with an increasing heat flux for both kind of surfaces and materials. Comparison of the results among the flat and micro-grooved surfaces reveals that the boiling on micro-grooved surfaces results in higher heat transfer coefficient, more nucleation sites, lower bubble departure frequency and larger bubble diameter under similar operating conditions.Among the different ways of achieving heat transfer enhancement in pool boiling, modification of surface roughness and the associated change in the surface wettability are two widely studied methods. It is well established that microstructure can play an important role in varying surface roughness and improving interfacial wettability. In the present study, pool boiling heat transfer on a number of micro grooved and flat (brass and copper) surfaces with water as the working fluid is investigated experimentally for enhancement of critical heat flux. The micro structured sample surfaces feature parallel grooves having dimensions of tens of microns and are fabricated using a mechanical micromachining process. Classical pool boiling experiments are conducted for three different values of heat flux (75 kw/m2, 100 kw/m2, 125 kw/m2). The bubble nucleation process is visualized and the bubble departure diameter is measured with the help of a high speed camera. It is observed that the nucleation site density and d...