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Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati kako su različite dimenzije roditeljstva povezane sa socijalnim kompetencijama i kvalitetom prijateljskih odnosa mlađih adolescenata. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 98 učenika osnovne škole (od toga 35 mladića), u dobi od 11 do 15 godina. Rezultati su pokazali pozitivnu povezanost između socijalnih kompetencija i kvalitete prijateljstva mlađih adolescenata. Dobivena je pozitivna povezanost između majčine i očeve topline, strukture i podrške autonomiji i socijalne kompetencije mlađih adolescenata. Nadalje, dobivena je negativna povezanost između majčine i očeve prisile, kaosa i odbacivanja i socijalne kompetencije. Rezultati su pokazali pozitivnu povezanost između očeve topline i kvalitete prijateljstva te negativnu povezanost između očevog odbacivanja i prisile sa kvalitetom prijateljstva mlađih adolescenata. Međutim, povezanost između očeve podrške autonomiji, strukture i kaosa sa kvalitetom prijateljstva mlađih adolescenata nije dobivena. Također, nije dobivena povezanost između kvalitete prijateljstva i dimenzija majčinog stila roditeljstva. Na kraju, dobivena je razlika po spolu u ostvarenoj kvaliteti prijateljstva mlađih adolescenata, odnosno adolescentice ostvaruju kvalitetnija prijateljstva od adolescenata., The aim of this study was to examine how different parenting dimensions correlate with social competencies and the friendships quality of younger adolescents. The study included a total of 98 adolescents (of which 35 boys) aged between 11 and 15 years, attending an elementary school. The results showed a positive correlation between social competencies and the friendships quality of younger adolescents. A positive correlation was shown between mother's and father's warmth, structure, and autonomy support and social competence of younger adolescents. Furthermore, a negative correlation was shown between mother's and father's coercion, chaos and rejection, and social competence. The results showed a positive correlation between the father's warmth and the friendships quality, and a negative correlation between father's rejection and coercion and the friendships quality of younger adolescents. However, the correlation between the father's support for autonomy, structure, and chaos, and the friendships quality of younger adolescents was not obtained. Also, no correlation was found between the friendships quality and the mother's parenting style. In the end, a gender difference was obtained in friendships quality of younger adolescents, i.e. adolescent girls achieve better friendships than adolescent boys.

U posljednje se vrijeme provodi sve više istraživanja na temu elektroničkog nasilja i posljedica na mentalno zdravlje i promjene u ponašanju djece i adolescenata. Ovaj fenomen istražuje se iz mnogo različitih perspektiva i socijalnih aspekta, ali naglasak je i dalje uvelike na žrtvama elektroničkog nasilja. U novijim istraživanjima ističe se ispreplitanje uloga žrtava i počinitelja pa tako raste interes za proučavanje čimbenika za počinjenje te psihosocijalnih posljedica elektroničkog nasilja za počinitelje. Ovaj pregledni rad proučava fenomen elektroničkog nasilja, glavna obilježja koja ga razlikuju od tradicionalnih oblika nasilja među vršnjacima te čimbenika i posljedica s fokusom na djecu i adolescente počinitelje nasilja. Istaknuta su obilježja djece počinitelja i pregled motiva za sudjelovanje u elektroničkom nasilju. Uključen je i značaj prevencije u suzbijanju elektroničkog nasilje te preventivni programi u Republici Hrvatskoj., Recently, the number of research concerning cyberbullying and its effects on mental health and behavior changes in children and adolescents has grown significantly. This phenomenon has been explored from multiple perspectives and different social aspects, but the emphasis remains largely on victims of cyberbullying. In newer research, the intertwining of the roles of victims and perpetrators is emphasized, which led to a growing interest in studying the factors for perpetration and the psychosocial consequences of cyberbullying on perpetrators. This review explores the phenomenon of cyberbullying, the main characteristics that distinguish it from traditional forms of peer violence, and the factors and consequences with a focus on children and adolescent perpetrators of cyberbullying. The characteristics of child perpetrators and an overview of the motives for participating in cyberbullying are presented. The importance of prevention in combating cyberbullying and prevention programs in the Republic of Croatia are also included.

Sažetak: Iako se roditeljstvo doima više kao umjetnička forma nego znanost, općenito je zapaženo da igra ključnu ulogu u oblikovanju ponašanja pri korištenju psihoaktivnih tvari kod djece i mladih. Stilovi roditeljstva različito su povezani s razvojem ovisnosti o drogama, kockanju, internetu i alkoholu. Istraživanja pokazuju da autoritativni stil najviše štiti kod razvoja ovisnosti, a zanemarujući stil predstavlja rizik za razvoj ovisnosti. Autoritarni i permisivni stil povezani su s većom uporabom droga. S većom uporabom kanabisa povezani su permisivnost roditelja, neprijateljstvo prema djetetu i kažnjavanje djeteta. Višu razinu kockanja prati roditeljska permisivnost. Djeca s jasnom roditeljskom kontrolom primjetno manje iskazuju rizično ponašanja na internetu, dok podrška roditelja vodi sigurnijoj upotrebi interneta. Adolescenti s autoritativnim roditeljima rjeđe će piti nego adolescenti s popustljivim ili zanemarujućim roditeljima. Roditeljski stil jedan je od čimbenika koji bi trebao biti važan dio budućih programa pomoći roditeljima, minimizirajući rizik problematičnog ponašanja njihove djece., Although parenting appears to be more of an art form than science, it has generally been observed that it plays a key role in shaping behavior in the use of psychoactive substances in children and young people. Parenting styles are differently associated with the development of substance use, gambling, the internet, and alcohol. Research shows that authoritarian style is the most protective in the development of addiction, while neglectful style presents a danger to the development of addiction. Authoritarian and permissive styles are associated with higher drug use. High levels of cannabis use are connected with parental permissiveness, hostility towards the child, and punishment of the child. Higher levels of gambling are accompanied by parental permissiveness. Children with clear parental control are less likely to show risky behavior on the internet, while parental support leads to safe use of the internet. Adolescents with authoritative parents will drink less often than adolescents with compliant or neglectful parents. Parenting style is one of the factors that should be considered an important part of future programs to help parents, minimizing the risk of their children’s problematic behavior.

Osnovni cilj ovog rada bio je opisati iskustvo provođenja mjere pojačana briga i nadzor iz perspektive voditelja mjere stručnih djelatnika centara za socijalnu skrb. Fokus je stavljen na to kako voditelji mjere stručni djelatnici centara za socijalnu skrb opisuju tijek provedbe mjere te koji činitelji doprinose njenoj uspješnosti. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo pet voditelja mjere zaposlenih u centrima za socijalnu skrb na području Grada Zagreba te su s njima provedeni intervjui. Rezultati su pokazali da provedbu mjere opisuju na sličan način kao u ranije provedenim istraživanjima, a i kod činitelja koji doprinose njenoj uspješnosti javili su se podjednaki rezultati. Također, s obzirom na to da se radi o mjeri kojoj je u fokusu maloljetni počinitelj kaznenog djela i koja se provodi u zajednici, za uspjeh se, uz doprinos voditelja mjere, ključnim pokazala i podrška obitelji. Isto tako, zadaća je stručnjaka koji rade s mladima (pa tako i socijalnih radnika) pružiti tim maloljetnicima drugu šansu za novi početak., The main goal of this paper was to describe the experience of implementing the measure of enhanced care and supervision from the perspective of the measure leader of the professional staff of social care centers. The focus is on how the leaders of the measure, the professional staff of the social care centers; describe the course of the implementation of the measure and which factors contribute to its success. Five leaders of the measure employed in social care centers from Zagreb City area participated in the research by being interviewed by the author of this paper. The results showed that the implementation of the measure is described in a similar way as in previous studies and the factors that contribute to its success have the same results. Also, given that this is a measure that focuses on the juvenile perpetrator of the crime and that is implemented in the community, the crucial factor for its success, beyond the contribution of the leader of the measure, proved to be the support of their family. Likewise, it is the task of professionals working with young people (including social workers) to give these minors a second chance for a fresh start.

Forenzički intervju predstavlja razvojnim obilježjima prilagođenu i s pravnog gledišta pouzdanu, dokaznu metodu prikupljanja informacija koje su potrebne za istražne postupke ili suđenja u kojima djeca sudjeluju kao svjedoci ili žrtve. Intervju provode specijalno osposobljeni stručnjaci primjenjujući istražene i u praksi potvrđene metode usustavljene protokolima. Vješto provedena forenzička ispitivanja ključ su dobivanja s pravnog gledišta nepobitnih iskaza, a to je jedino moguće ostvariti ukoliko ista provode educirani ispitivači kojima je zadovoljena potreba za stručnom podrškom. U Republici Hrvatskoj forenzička ispitivanja provode se na sudovima od strane stručnih suradnika izvanpravne struke. Ovim istraživanjem ispitalo se iskustvo uporabe NICHD protokola za provođenje forenzičkih ispitivanja na nacionalno reprezentativnim uzorku stručnih suradnika izvanpravne struke na županijskim i općinskim sudovima u Republici Hrvatskoj koji ga u svojoj praksi koriste. Rezultati pokazuju da su stručni suradnici općenito zadovoljni protokolom te načelno nemaju poteškoća s pridržavanjem određenih faza protokola, no kako je institucionalna stručna podrška u vidu kontinuiranih edukacija i supervizija nepostojeća i potrebna., The forensic interview can be defined as a developmentally appropriate and legally sound method of acquiring child testimonies, that is necessary for the investigative process and criminal trials in which children are primary witnesses or victims. These interviews are conducted by experts, specifically educated to use one of the forensic investigative protocols. Skillfully conducted forensic interviews can be considered crucial for acquiring legally sound testimonies, and achieving this is only possible if interviews are conducted by well-educated experts that have access to professional support. In the Republic of Croatia forensic interviews are conducted at county and municipal courts by expert associates of the extralegal profession. This research gave nationally representative insight into expert associate's experience of NICHD protocol usage while conducting forensic interviews. Findings have shown that expert associates are complacent with protocol by itself, that they don’t have difficulties with adherence to it, but that there is evident nonexistence of institutional professional support, mainly in form of education and supervision.

U adolescenciji se uspostavljaju prve romantične veze koje pridonose izgradnji identiteta. No nerijetko u takvim vezama može doći i do pojave nasilja. Hoće li doći do pojave nasilja u velikoj mjeri ovisi o individualnim, interpersonalnim i socijalnim čimbenicima. Središte ovog rada su individualni čimbenici koji su ključni za razumijevanje adolescenata koji su počinili neki oblik nasilnog ponašanja u partnerskoj vezi. Tako su se u istraživanjima ženski spol, nesigurna privrženost, nisko samopoštovanje, iskustvo prethodnog nasilja, konzumacija sredstava ovisnosti i pozitivni stavovi prema nasilju pokazali kao glavni individualni faktori rizika. U radu su također objašnjeni motivi i razlozi koje mladi navode za činjenje nasilja te smjernice za praktično djelovanje., The first romantic relationships are established in adolescence and they contribute to identity development. However, violence can often occur in such relationships. Whether violence will occur depends on individual, interpersonal and social factors. The focus of this paper is on individual factors that are significant for understanding the adolescents who have perpetrated teen dating violence. Female gender, insecure attachment, low self-esteem, experience of previous violence, consumption of addictive substances and positive attitudes towards violence proved to be the main individual risk factors in studies conducted so far. The paper also explains the motives and reasons given by adolescents for perpetrating violence, as well as guidelines for practical action.

Difuzija odgovornosti je fenomen kojeg svaka osoba doživljava u svojoj svakodnevnici, svjesno ili nesvjesno. Istraživanja pokazuju kako je čak 88% sudionika barem jednom u životu svjedočilo situaciji kada odrasla osoba disciplinira dijete koristeći tjelesno kažnjavanje, a čak 93% mladih svjedoči kako su do svoje punoljetnosti doživjeli barem jednom neki oblik tjelesnog nasilja. Cilj ovog kvantitativnog istraživanja bio je ispitati majke o njihovoj spremnosti na reagiranje na svjedočeno nasilje djece s obzirom na obilježja počinitelja, situacije i vlastitih uvjerenja o tjelesnom kažnjavanju djece. Rezultati su odbacili hipoteze koje su pretpostavljale da će majke iskazati manju spremnost reagirati na svjedočeno nasilje u slučaju kada je počinitelj muškarac i kada je prisutno 10 promatrača. Također, djelomično je potvrđena treća hipoteza koja je očekivala povezanost između uvjerenja o opravdanosti tjelesnog kažnjavanja djece i manje spremnosti reagiranja na svjedočeno nasilje. Majke koje iskazuju veće slaganje s uvjerenjem o opravdanosti tjelesnog kažnjavanja iskazivale su manju spremnost obavještavanja CZSS i policije i vikanja počinitelju da prestane s nasiljem., Diffusion of responsibility is a phenomenon that every person experiences in their everyday life, consciously or unconsciously. Research shows that as many as 88% of participants witnessed at least once in their life a situation when an adult disciplines a child using corporal punishment, and as many as 93% of young people testify that they experienced at least once some form of physical violence by the time they reached adulthood. The aim of this quantitative research was to examine mothers about their readiness to react to witnessing violence of children with regard to the characteristics of the perpetrator, the situation and their own beliefs about corporal punishment of children. The results rejected the hypotheses that assumed that mothers would show less willingness to react to witnessed violence in the case when the perpetrator is a man and when 10 observers are present. Also, the third hypothesis, which expected a connection between beliefs about the justification of corporal punishment of children and less willingness to react to witnessed violence, was partially confirmed. Mothers who expressed greater agreement with the belief about the justification of corporal punishment expressed less willingness to inform the Center for social work and the police and shout at the perpetrator to stop the violence.

Nasilje među djecom i mladima sve je češći problem s kojim se suočavaju djeca i mladi, ali i učitelji i roditelji. Svako četvrto dijete svakodnevno doživi neki oblik nasilja. Do vršnjačkog nasilja najčešće dolazi u školi, a najzastupljeniji oblici su verbalno i fizičko nasilje, no sve više i elektroničko nasilje. Uloge u kojima se djeca mogu naći u kontekstu neke situacije koja je rezultirala nasiljem su počinitelj, žrtva, počinitelj žrtva i promatrač. Svaku od uloga karakteriziraju specifična i prepoznatljiva obilježja i osobine. O nasilju ili adekvatnim reakcijama i ponašanjima djeca najčešće uče u obiteljskom okruženju. Roditeljski odgoj pritom ima značajnu ulogu, pri čemu istraživanja ističu kao ključne čimbenike roditeljsku toplinu, roditeljski nadzor, tjelesno kažnjavanje i nasilne emocionalne izljeve roditelja te temperament djeteta. Jedan od najvažnijih faktora u određivanju kvalitete života su primanja u obitelji. Primanja imaju utjecaj na zdravlje, emocionalnu dobrobit, školski uspjeh i obrazovni status, razinu radne kvalifikacije, zaposlenost, itd. Istraživanja pokazuju da ekonomski stres može negativno utjecati na mentalno funkcioniranje roditelja, što ponekad dovodi do neadekvatnih roditeljskih postupaka koji za posljedicu kod djece imaju izražene probleme u ponašanju i veću uključenost u nasilne situacije s vršnjacima. Posljedice do kojih dolazi mogu se očitovati u pojavi internaliziranih i/ili eksternaliziranih problema. Prema rezultatima brojnih istraživanja djeca koja svjedoče ili dožive nasilje u obitelji, češće su sudionici vršnjačkog nasilja. Pri tome se češće pojavljuju u ulozi žrtve ili počinitelja žrtve. U sprječavanju nasilja važna je suradnja djece, roditelja i nastavnika. Cilj preventivnih programa je podučiti o pojavi nasilja, načinima reagiranja te nenasilnom rješavanju sukoba., Violence among children ano youth i san increasinghly common problem faced by children and youth, as well as teachers and parents. Every fourth child wxperiences some type of violence on a daily basis. Peer violence mostly happens at school and the most common tapes are verbal and physical violence, but lately even more and more electronic violence. Children can find themselves in the role of a perpetrator, a victim, a perpetrator victim or an observer. Every role is characterised by specific and recognisable features and traits. Children first learn about violence and adequate reactions and behaviors through family. Nurture plays a significant role, where research assert parental warmth and advisory, physical punishing, violent emotional bursts and children temperament as key factors. One of the most important factors in determining the quality of life is family income. It affects health, emotional wellbeing, school and educational success, working qualification, employment etc. Research show that economic stress can affect parent mental functioning negatively, so they may treat children inadequtely which leads to children having problem sin behaviour and being more involved in violent situations with peers. Consenquences could be internalized or externalized problems. According to the results of many studies, children who witness or face damily violence are frequently involved in peer violence, mostly taking the role of a victim or a perpetrator victim. Cooperation among children, parents and teachers is very important in preventing violence. The objective of the preventing programmes is ti teach about the appearance of violence, ways to respond and non-violent conflict resolutions.

Razvod braka je jedan od najstresnijih događaja u životu, kako za partnere, tako i za njihovu djecu. Djeca često sebe krive za razvod roditelja te mogu imati različite eksternalizirane i internalizirane probleme ovisno o njihovoj dobi. Visokokonfliktni razvod je razvod koji djeci predstavlja veći problem jer su često u središtu sukoba roditelja koji ne prestaju, nego se čak i pojačavaju za vrijeme i nakon razvoda. Kod roditelja koji ne uspijevaju razdvojiti partnersku ulogu od roditeljske dolazi do manipulacije djecom u procesu razvoda. Do manipulacije dolazi kada roditeljski sukobi postaju toliko dinamični i dugotrajni da se dijete stavlja u drugi plan i postaje sredstvo postizanja cilja ili osvete bivšem partneru. Krajnji oblik manipulacije je otuđenje djeteta koje predstavlja oblik emocionalnog zlostavljanja. Kada se donose odluke koje se tiču djeteta, treba se voditi najboljim interesom djeteta uvažavajući njegova prava i potrebe. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je ukazati na važnost pravovremenog prepoznavanja visokokonfliktnih razvoda, manipulativnih ponašanja i rizičnih čimbenika od strane roditelja koji se razvode kako bi stručnjaci što prije mogli djelovati i zaštititi dobrobit djeteta., Divorce is one of the most stressful events in life, both for partners and their children. Children often blame themselves for their parents' divorce and may have different externalized and internalized problems depending on their age. High-conflict divorce is a divorce that is a bigger problem for children because they are often at the center of conflicts between parents who do not stop, but even intensify during and after the divorce. In the case of parents who fail to separate the partnership role from the parental one, children are manipulated in the divorce process. Manipulation occurs when parental conflicts become so dynamic and long-lasting that the child is put in the background and becomes a means of achieving a goal or revenge on an ex-partner. The ultimate form of manipulation is the alienation of the child which is a form of emotional abuse. When making decisions concerning the child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration, respecting his or her rights and needs. The aim of this thesis is to point out the importance of timely recognition of high-conflict divorces, manipulative behaviors and risk factors by divorcing parents so that experts can act as soon as possible and protect the welfare of the child.

Djetetova prava i dobrobit primarno se štite u obiteljskom okruženju. Kada to okruženje zakaže, država intervenira putem represivnih mjera kojima se dijete izdvaja iz obitelji. Donijeti takvu odluku nije jednostavan ni ugodan proces, a negativne posljedice koje izdvajanje ostavlja na dijete su mnogobrojne. Istraživanja su pokazala da izdvajanje djeteta od roditelja rezultira štetnim, dugoročnim emocionalnim i psihološkim posljedicama. Da bi razumjeli koliko je izdvajanje uistinu štetan događaj, potrebno je poznavati obilježja kriznih i traumatskih događaja. Svrha ovog rada je prikazati i povezati obilježja djetetovih reakcija na izdvajanje s elementima koji definiraju određene događaje kao krizne. Naglasak rada je na ispitanikovim doživljajima izdvajanja te na preporukama za daljnji rad i poboljšanje sustava zaštite djece. Ukratko, izdvajanje djeteta iz obitelji jest krizni i traumatski događaj za dijete., The rights and welfare of the child are primarily protected in the family environment. When this environment fails. the state intervenes through repressive measures to separate the child from the family. Making such a decision is not an easy or pleasant process, and negative consequences of separation on the child are numerous.Research has shown that separating a child from a parent results in harmful, long-term emotional and psychological consequences. To understand how harmful separation really is, it is necessary to know the characteristics of crisis and traumatic events. The purpose of this paper is to present and connect the characteristics of the child's reactions to separation with the elements that define certain events as crisis events. The emphasis of the paper is on the examined experiences of out of home removal and recommendations for further work and improvement of child welfare system. In short, out of home removal is a crisis and traumatic event for the child.

Znanstveni radovi tijekom pandemije COVID-a 19 bavili su se raznim temama kao što su utjecaj pandemije COVID-a 19 na starije osobe, zaposlenike staračkih domova, njegovatelje, zdravstvo i klinički socijalni rad, studente, pripravnike, djecu i roditelje te djecu s teškoćama u razvoju, LGBTQ osobe, beskućnike, izbjeglice, migrante. Osim toga, bile su zastupljene i teme profesije socijalnog rada i COVID-a 19, mentalnog zdravlja, socijalne distance, rasizma, predrasuda, diskriminacije, nasilja. Cilj ovog rada je ukazati kako je pandemija bolesti COVID-a 19 djelovala na praksu socijalnog rada i koje teme su se pokazale osobito relevantnima kroz pregled istraživanja. U radu se daje pregled istraživanja koja se bave utjecajem COVID-a 19 na mentalno zdravlje, studente i starije osobe. Kriza prouzrokovana pandemijom COVID-a 19 imala je negativan utjecaj na mentalno zdravlje opće populacije širom svijeta. Istraživanja govore o raznim psihičkim poteškoćama, a ponajviše o prevalenciji anksioznosti, stresa, usamljenosti i depresije. Što se tiče studenata, pozitivne strane nastave na daljinu najčešće su smanjeni rizik zaraze virusom COVID-19 i učinkovitost u vidu uštede vremena i troškova prijevoza. S druge strane, negativne strane nastave na daljinu koji su najčešće navođeni od strane studenata jesu loša internetska povezanost odnosno nestabilnost mreže i smanjen fokus tijekom pohađanja nastave na daljinu u vidu nemogućnosti koncentriranja i mogućnost lakog ometanja tijekom nastave na daljinu. Što se tiče utjecaja pandemije COVID-a 19 na starije osobe istraživanja govore o negativnom utjecaju COVID-a 19 na emocionalno stanje sudionika, a najveći broj istraživanja potvrđuje osjećaje usamljenosti među starijim osobama., Scientific papers during the COVID-19 pandemic addressed various topics such as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the elderly, nursing home staff, carers, health and clinical and social work, students, trainees, children and parents, and children with disabilities. LGBTQ people, the homeless, refugees, migrants. In addition, the topics of the profession of social work and COVID-19, mental health, social distance, racism, prejudice, discrimination, violence were also represented. The aim of this paper is to point out how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected social work practice and which topics have been shown to be particularly relevant through a review of research. The paper provides an overview of research dealing with the impact of COVID-19 on mental health, students and the elderly. The crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of the general population around the world. Research speaks of various psychological difficulties, most notably the prevalence of anxiety, stress, loneliness and depression. As far as students are concerned, the positive aspects of distance learning are most often the reduced risk of contracting the COVID-19 virus and the efficiency in terms of saving time and transportation costs. On the other hand, the negative aspects of distance learning that are most often led by students are poor internet connection or network instability and reduced focus during distance learning in the form of inability to concentrate and the possibility of easy distractions during distance learning. Regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the elderly, research shows a negative impact of COVID-19 on the emotional state of participants, and most studies confirm the feeling of loneliness among the elderly.

Cilj ovog istraživanja je istražiti na koje sve načine je škola djelovala kako bi zaštitila djecu i adolescente tijekom pandemije COVID-19. Istraživanje je provedeno u online okruženju sa šestero ravnateljica i ravnatelja osnovnih i srednjih škola. U istraživanju ravantelji navode zaštitne mjere koje su provodili u školama,a bile su preporučene od strane institucija, kao što izolacija škole i učenika. Osoblje škole su bile osobe od povjerenja za učenike tijekom pandemije, a škole su bile u partnerskom odnosu s institucijama kada bi trebale pomoć. Također, škole su održavale radionice za učenike, provodile su istraživanja o sigurnosti i mentalnom zdravlju učenika te davali učenicima pravodobne informacije. No, postojalo je i nezadovoljstvo ravnatelja informiranjem od strane institucija. Procjena je ravnatelja da je potreba za psihosocijalnom podrškom veća te postoji potreba za upućivanjem na vanjske stručnjake jer škola nije u mogućnosti pružiti potpunu pomoć učenicima u stresu. Zamjećuju otuđenost učenika, njihove internalizirane probleme te poteškoće u učenju. Nadalje, sudionici procjenjuju osjetljive skupine učenika među onima koji imaju specifičnu obiteljsku situaciju, ukoliko prolaze kroz razvojne promjene ili prelaze u viši stupanj obrazovanja. Preporuke ravnatelja za zaštitu mentalnog zdravlja u sljedećoj školskoj godinu su dobra organizacija škole, organizacija posebnih timova za podršku školama te dodatnih aktivnosti u školi i izvan nje. U budućnosti naglašavaju važnost stručnjaka koji pružaju svakodnevnu podršku učenicima te ostvarivanje partnerstva s drugim školama. Kao i do sada, ističu kako bi učenici i nastavnici trebali poduzimati zdravstvene mjere kako bi se zaštitilo tjelesno i mentalno zdravlje svih koji borave u školi., The aim of this research is to investigate all the ways in which the school acted to protect children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted in an online environment with six principals of primary and secondary schools. In the research, the principals cite protective measures that they implemented in schools, and were recommended by institutions, such as the isolation of the school and students. School staff were persons of trust for students during the pandemic and schools were in partnership with institutions when they needed help. However, there was also dissatisfaction of the director with the information provided by the institutions. The principal's assessment is that the need for psychosocial support is greater and there is a need to refer to external experts because the school is not able to provide full assistance to students in stress. They notice students' alienation, their internalized problems, and learning difficulties. Furthermore, participants assess vulnerable groups of students to those who have a specific family situation, if they are going through developmental changes or moving to a higher level of education. The recommendations of the principal for the protection of mental health in the next school year are good organization of the school, organization of special teams to support schools and additional activities in the school outside it. In the future, they emphasize the importance of professionals who provide daily support to students and establish partnerships with other schools.As before, they point out that students and teachers should take health measures to protect the physical and mental health of all who attend school. .

Ruralne zajednice, kao i čitavo društvo u Hrvatskoj prati sve lošija demografska slika te spori ekonomski razvoj. U fokusu ovog rada su jedinice lokalne samouprave s područja Karlovačke županije koje se razlikuju prema stupnju razvijenosti. Istaknute zajednice imaju obilježja ruralnih zajednica te se u ovom radu nastoji dobiti uvid uobilježja i perspektive razvoja. S ciljem dobivanja uvida u njihova obilježja, provedeno je kvalitativno istraživanje s ključnim informatorima u tri odabrane lokalne zajednice (Krnjak, Barilović i Rakovica). Rezultati ukazuju da ove zajednice imaju određene slične značajke: materijalna deprivacija stanovnika i njihova letargičnost prema suživotu u zajednici, jednim dijelom zbog minoriziranja potreba ugroženih skupina te nedovoljno razvijene infrastrukturne osnove što dovodi do narušene demografske slike zajednice i u konačnici do ovisnosti ruralnih područja o vanjskim akterima. Poticanje njihovog razvoja trebalo bi se temeljiti na unutarnjim i izvanjskim akcijama koje podrazumijevaju: zagovaranje i jačanje ljudskih kapaciteta u zajednici kroz njihovo organiziranje i jačanje uloge lokalnih dionika. U radu se također istaknula uloga socijalnog rada kao profesije u razvoju zajednice. Uočena je problematika centraliziranosti institucija, nedovoljne institucionalne podrške stanovnicima ruralnih zajednica te potreba za stručnjacima. Ovim radom želi se istaknuti problematika ruralnih zajednica te njihova potreba za daljnjim održivim razvojem., Rural communities, as well as the entire society in Croatia, are accompanied by a deteriorating demographic picture and slow economic development. The focus of this paper is on local self -government units from the area of Karlovac County, which differ according to the level of development. Selected communities have characteristics of rural communities and this paper seeks to gain insight into the characteristics and perspectives of development. In order to gain insight into their characteristics, qualitative research was conducted with key informants in three selected local communities (Krnjak, Barilović and Rakovica). The results indicate that these communities have certain similar characteristics: material deprivation of inhabitants and their lethargy towards coexistence in the community, partly because of the minimisation of the needs of vulnerable groups and the underdeveloped infrastructure basis which leads to a disturbed demographic image of the community and ultimately to the dependence of rural areas on external actors. Encouraging their development should be based on internal and external actions that imply: advocating and strengthening human capacities in the community through their organisation and strengthening of the role of local stakeholders. The paper also highlighted the role of social work as a profession in community development. The problems of centralization of institutions, insufficient institutional support for the inhabitants of rural communities and the need for experts were noted. This paper aims to highlight the problem of rural communities and their need for further sustainable development.

Nasilje u adolescentskim vezama, odnosno vezama mladih, jedna je od najzastupljenijih vrsta nasilja među mladima. Unatoč velikoj pojavnosti, ono je i dalje slabo istraženo područje i malo je dostupnih podataka. Ovaj rad bavi se tematikom nasilja u mladenačkim vezama primarno iz perspektive javnih politika odnosno postojećeg zakonodavnog okvira u Hrvatskoj. Cilj ovog rada je dati kritički osvrt na postojeće zakonodavne okvire za prevenciju nasilja u vezama mladih. Zakonodavni okviri u Hrvatskoj podjednako su nerazvijeni i neusmjereni nasilju u mladenačkim vezama kao i dostupni statistički podaci. Zato je bitno posvetiti više pozornosti istraživanjima na ovome području i stvaranju odgovarajućeg zakonodavnog okvira kako bi prevencija u budućnosti bila kvalitetnija., Violence in adolescent relationships or youth relationships is one of the most common types of violence among young people. Despite its high incidence, it is still a poorly researched area and little data is available. This paper deals with the topic of violence in youth relationships primarily from the perspective of public policies and the existing legislative framework in Croatia. The aim of this paper is to give a critical review of the existing legislative frameworks for the prevention of violence in youth relationships. Legislative frameworks in Croatia are as underdeveloped and undirected to violence in youth relationships as available statistics. That is why it is important to pay more attention to research in this area and to create an appropriate legislative framework so that prevention in the future will be of better quality.

Krizni događaji koji su zahvatili područje Republike Hrvatske u 2020. godini (pandemija COVID-19 virusa i razorni potresi) zahtijevaju prilagodbu novonastaloj situaciji što je posebno zahtjevno mladima, točnije studentima. Mladi su zbog brojnih restrikcija onemogućeni ostvarivati socijalnu interakciju licem u lice koja je od posebnog značaja za očuvanje mentalnog zdravlja. Slijedom toga, cilj ovog istraživanja je bio ispitati internalizirane probleme i socijalnu podršku u kontekstu kriznih događaja. Teorijska osnova ovog istraživanja je Ekološka teorija Bronfenbrennera koja pokazuje kako je svaki pojedinac dio šire okoline u kojoj se nalazi te da dobrobit pojedinca ovisi o tome kako funkcioniraju različiti okolinski sustavi. U odnosu na razinu stresa koji se može javiti za vrijeme kriznih događaja korišten je Lazarusov model stresa, a benefit socijalne podrške sagledan je kroz Model direktnog učinka socijalne podrške. Online anketu ispunilo je 236 studenta, od čega 85% studentica te 15% studenata, prosječne dobi 23 godine. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju kako je viša razina depresije, anksioznosti i stresa povezana s rjeđim primanjem socijalne podrške i nižim stupanjem zadovoljstva socijalnom podrškom. Nadalje, utvrđena je povezanost razine internaliziranih problema i razine stresa i zabrinutosti uslijed pandemije. Ovim istraživanjem nije utvrđena povezanost razine internaliziranih problema i socijalne podrške u odnosu na pojedina negativna iskustva s kriznim događajima poput vlastite zaraze, zaraze člana obitelji, broj doživljenih potresa te procjene nastale materijalne štete uslijed potresa. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na potrebu razvoja usluga psihosocijalne podrške, posebice u sklopu institucija visokog obrazovanja. Također mogu poslužiti kao okvir za buduća istraživanja u kontekstu kriznih događaja na populaciji studenata., The crisis events that affected the Republic of Croatia in 2020 (the COVID-19 virus pandemic as well as the devastating earthquakes) require adapting to the new situation, which is especially demanding for young people, more precisely students. Due to numerous restrictions, young people are unable to have face-to-face social interactions, which is of special importance for maintaining mental health. Consequently, the aim of this research study has been to examine internalized problems and social support in the context of crisis events. The theoretical basis of this research is the Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological systems theory, in which the author proposes that each individual is part of the wider environment in which one finds themselves and that the well-being of the individual depends on how different environmental systems function. In relation to the level of stress that can occur during crisis events, Lazarus' model of stress was used, and the benefit of social support was examined through the Model of direct effect of social support. The online survey was taken by 236 students, 85%of which were female and 15% male students, 23 years old on average. The results indicate that higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress are associated with less frequent receipt of social support as well as with lower levels of satisfaction with social support. Furthermore, an association was found between the levels of internalized problems and the levels of stress and concern due to the pandemic. This research did not establish a connection between the level of internalized problems and social support in relation to certain negative experiences with crisis events, such as one's own infection, infection of a family member, number of earthquakes experienced, or assessment of material damage caused by earthquakes. The obtained results indicate the need to develop psychosocial support services, especially within higher education institutions. The results may also serve as a framework for future research studies in the context of crisis events on the student population.

Seksualni rad u online okruženju spada u kompleksan oblik seksualnog rada koji se manifestira u različitim oblicima i koji se sastoji od mnogo specifičnosti koje ga razlikuju od stereotipnog uličnog seksualnog rada. On omogućuje veća primanja, kao i manje rizika od fizičkog i seksualnog nasilja usmjerenog na seksualne radnike, no s druge strane uzrokuje nove oblike opasnosti za seksualne radnike specifične za online okruženje, poput raznih prijetnji porukama na različitim platformama, kao i prijetnje objavljivanje njihovih osobnih podataka online (doxing). U radu se kontekstualizira i opisuje uloga socijalnog rada u smanjivanju marginalizacije i stigme seksualnih radnika uslijed utjecaja krize izazvane koronavirusom i porasta seskualnog rada u online okruženju. Također opisuju se iskustva,stavovi i spremnost socijalnih radnika za rad sa seksualnim radnicima. Nove okolnosti dovele su do specifičnog položaja seksualnih radnika. za vrijeme pandemije izazvane koronavirusom što uzrokuje različitu mogućnost snalaženja seksualnih radnika u tim uvjetima, ovisno o njhovom obrazovanju i državljanskom statusu. U tom smislu potrebno je drugačije razumjevanje problema, a time i pristupa socijalnih radnika u prevenciji negativnih aspekata vezanih za taj problem, Sex work in an online environment is a complex form of sex work that manifests itself in various forms and consists of many specifics that distinguish it from stereotypical street sex work. It provides higher incomes, as well as less risk of physical and sexual violence directed at sex workers, but on the other hand causes new forms of dangers for sex workers specific to the online environment, such as various message threats on various platforms, as well as the possibility of threats to sex workers to disclose their personal information. This paper contextualizes and describes the role of social work in reducing the marginalization and stigma of sex workers due to the impact of the coronavirus crisis and the increase in sexual work in the online environment. The experiences, attitudes and willingness of social workers to work with social workers are also described. New circumstances have led to the specific position of sex workers. during a coronavirus-induced pandemic which causes different opportunities for sex workers to cope in these conditions, depending on their education and citizenship status. In this sense, a different understanding of the problem is needed, and thus the approach of social workers in the prevention of negative aspects related to this problem.

Zaštita prava pacijenata od velike je važnosti za poboljšanje položaja pacijenata u zdravstvenom sustavu i kvalitetu zdravstvene skrbi koja im se pruža. Ovaj rad bavi se zaštitom prava pacijenata kroz prikaz zakonskog određenja te analizom uloge socijalnih radnika u tom području. Socijalni radnici imaju mnogobrojne uloge i zadatke u zdravstvu i važni su u osiguravanju zaštite prava pacijenata, a to se posebno odnosi na informiranje o pravima te o načinu na koje ih se može ostvariti i zaštiti, sudjelovanje u obavještavanju pacijenta i pribavljanju nužnih suglasnosti. Potrebno je uložiti dodatne napore u promociju i razvoj profesije socijalnog rada u zdravstvu jer bi napredak u tom smjeru značio i bolju zaštitu prava pacijenata., The protection of patients' rights is of great importance for improving the position of patients in the health care system and the quality of health care provided to them. This paper deals with the protection of patients' rights through a review of the legal definition and analysis of the role of social workers in the protection of patients' rights. Social workers have many roles and tasks in health care and are important in ensuring the protection of patients' rights. In particular, this pertains to informing patients on their rights and how they can be exercised and protected, participating in notification of patients and obtaining the necessary consents. Additional efforts are needed to promote and develop the profession of social work in health care, as progress in this direction would also mean better protection of patients' rights.

U ovom završnom radu stavlja se fokus na prikaz života mladih koji su napustili domove za odgoj djece i mladeži. Cilj rada je ukazati na određene poteškoće s kojima se mnogi bivši štićenici susreću, ali ukazati i na kvalitetan rad institucija kao što je Udruga Igra koja uspješno provodi programe i stavlja u svom djelovanju naglasak na pomoć mladima s problemima u ponašanju koji izlaze iz skrbi kako bi što lakše nastavili dalje. Prije samog ulaska u razradu teme dan je opis društveno neprihvatljivog ponašanja, zakonskih normi koje reguliraju takvo ponašanje, iznesene su razlike institucionalnog i izvaninstitucionalnog tretmana te pregled statistike po pitanju odgojnih mjera za maloljetnike u zadnjih 10 godina na području Republike Hrvatske. S obzirom na iskustvo institucionalnog tretmana ukazuje se na izazovna područja s kojima se mladež susreće. Riječ je o problematici pronalaska adekvatnog zaposlenja, smještaja i stalnog prebivališta, suočavanje sa stigmatizacijom i socijalnom isključenošću. Također, ukazuje se na mogućnost recidivizma društveno neprihvatljivom ponašanju, ali i na važnost posttretmana. U radu su korištena dosadašnja relevantna istraživanja te web stranice povezana s temom, ali i dio literature koji opisuje rad Domova za odgoj djece i mladeži te zakonske okvire Republike Hrvatske po pitanju sankcija za maloljetnike., In this final paper, the focus is on the life of young people who have left correctional facilities. The aim of the paper is to point out certain difficulties that many former users of correctional facilities encounter, but also to point out the quality work of institutions such as the Association Igra, which successfully implements programs and places emphasis on helping young people with behaviour problems so they can move on more easily. Before entering the topic, there is a description of socially unacceptable behavior, legal norms governing such behavior, differences in institutional and non-institutional treatment and an overview of statistics on sanctions for minors in the last 10 years in Republic of Croatia. Given the experience of institutional treatment, the challenging areas that young people face are pointed out. It is about the issue of finding adequate employment, accommodation and permanent residence, dealing with environmental stigma and social exclusion. It also points to the possibility of recidivism to socially unacceptable behavior, but also to the importance of post-treatment. The paper uses previous relevant research and websites related to the topic, but also part of the literature that describes the work of Correctional facilities and the legal framework of the Republic of Croatia regarding sanctions for minors.

Ovaj rad bavi se ulogom temperamenta u psihosocijalnom razvoju adolescenata. Prikazana su istraživanja o utjecaju temperamenta na razvoj internaliziranih problema, a potom i na razvoj eksternaliziranih problema u adolescenciji. Slijedi prikaz istraživanja koja govore o ulozi koju imaju privrženost, roditeljsko ponašanje i odnos roditelja i adolescenata na njihov razvoj i psihosocijalno funkcioniranje, te kako postojanje internaliziranih, odnosno eksternaliziranih problema utječe na psihosocijalno funkcioniranje u adolescenciji. Na kraju rada govori se zašto je za socijalne radnike bitno poznavati teorije razvoja djece i mladih, osobito teoriju privrženosti, što se nalazi u podlozi internaliziranih i eksternaliziranih problema, zašto je važno znati da razvoj sigurne privrženosti ima pozitivan utjecaj na razvoj ostalih odnosa u životu adolescenata, te zašto je bitno prepoznati ulogu temperamenta u odrastanju i razvoju internaliziranih i eksternaliziranih problema u adolescenciji., This paper focuses on the role of temperament in the psychosocial development of adolescents. It presents the research of the influence temperament has in the development of both internalized and externalized problems in adolescence. Next, it shows studies that discuss what role attachment, parental behaviour and parent-adolescent relationship have on the adolescents' psychosocial development, and also how existing internalized and externalized problems affect the psychosocial development in adolescence. Finally, the paper discusses why it is important for social workers to know the developmental theories of children and adolescents, mainly the attachment theory, what lies beneath internalized and externalized problems, why it is important to know that development of secure attachment has a positive impact on the development of other relationships in the adolescents' life, and why it is important to recognize the role temperament has in growing up and in the development of internalized and externalized problems.

Temeljna uloga socijalnog radnika u okviru zdravstvenog sustava je pružiti svu potrebnu pomoć i podršku pacijentima, zaštiti ranjive skupine pacijenata i osigurati da se poštuju njihovi interesi, te uspostaviti kvalitetan odnos i suradnju s pacijentom i članovima obitelji. Kako bi ostvario svoj profesionalni cilj, za koji je važno i ostvariti odnos povjerenja s pacijentima, komunikacijske sposobnosti socijalnog radnika su od iznimnog značaja. Potrebno je da se socijalni radnik prilagodi mogućnostima i potrebama pacijenata s kojima se susreće u svom radu, prvenstvenoupotrijebitikomunikacijske tehnike s obzirom na situaciju i obilježjapacijenta. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati neke odvještinakomuniciranja socijalnog radnika i specifičnosti primjene u zdrastvenom sustavu te ukazati na značaj uloge socijalnog radnika u zdravstvu, prvenstveno tijekom skrbi za pacijente, u suradnji sa medicinskim timom., Main role of social worker in healthcare sistem is to provide help and support to his pacients, protect vulnerable groups of patients, and to establish quality relationship and collaboration with pacients. In order to achieve his professional goal, and gain the trust of his patients, the communication skills of a social worker are extremely important. The key is the possibility of adapting the social worker to the different types of patients he encounters in his work, primarily the adaptation of communication techniques to the situation and type of patients. The aim of this work is to unify some of the forms of social worker communication in the health system, emphasize the importance of social work in communicating with the patient and point out the importance of the role of social worker in healthcare, primarily during patient care, in cooperation with the medical team

definiranju pojma nasilja u vezama mladih strani autori često koriste izraz teen dating violence, a definira se kao fizičko, psihičko, emocionalno i seksualno nasilje čiji je cilj zadobivanje moći i održavanje kontrole nad drugom osobom u vezi. Postoje razni oblici nasilja u vezama mladih kao što su fizičo nasilje, psihičko nasilje, seksualno nasilje te uhođenje. Brojnim istraživanjima pokušavaju se predvidjeti ovakva nasilnička ponašanja pomoću određenih rizičnih čimbenika. Posljednjih nekoliko godina primijetio se porast nasilja u mladenačkim vezama te potreba za shvaćanjem uzroka ovog problema. U razumijevanju uzroka nasilja pomažu nam razne teorije od kojih su dominantne feministička teorija, teorija socijalnog učenja, teorija socijalnih veza i socijalne kontrole, teorija privrženosti te pozadinsko- situacijski model. Važnost osvještavanja mladih i društva o ovome problem leži u brojnim negativnim posljedicama koje nasilno ponašanje u vezi proizvodi, te kako bi se takvo ponašanje spriječilo važno je raditi na razvijanju prevetivnih programa i obrazovanju mladih. Provedeni preventivni programi proizveli su pozitivne učinke te utjecali na smajenje nasilničkog ponašanja u vezi, važno je učiti iz takvih programa i stvarati nove prilagođavajući ih populaciji na koju se žele primijeniti., To define the term violence in adolescent relationships, foreign authors often use the term teen dating violence, and it is defined as physical, psychological, emotional and sexual violence whose goal is to gain power and maintain control over another person in the relationship. There are various forms of violence in youth relationships such as physical violence, psychological violence, sexual violence and stalking. Numerous studies try to predict such violent behaviors using certain risk factors. In the last few years there has been an increase in violence in adolescent relationships amd the need to understand the causes of this problem. Various theories help us to understand the causes of violence, the dominant ones being feminist theory, social learning theory, social relations and social control theory, attachment theory and background situational model. The importance of raising awareness among young people and society about this problem lies in the many negative consequences that violent behavior in a relationship produces, and in order to prevent such behavior it is important to work on developing prevention programs and educating young people. Implemented prevention programs have produced positive effects and influenced the reduction of violent behavior in relationships, it is important to learn from such programs and create new ones by adapting them to the population to which they want to apply.

Rad obuhvaća percepciju rodne diskriminacije na studiju, osobno iskustvo studenata/ica te percepciju doživljene rodne diskriminacije drugih studenata/ica na studiju. Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je ispitati odnos između rodne diskriminacije na fakultetu i nekih obilježja studiranja (zadovoljstvo studijem, razina studija, tip fakulteta) i sociodemografskih obilježja (spol, dob, stupanj religioznosti, politička opredijeljenost) studenata/ica. Istraživanje je provedeno web anketom, koja se sastojala od četiri skale: Upitnika percipirane prisutnosti rodne diskriminacije na studiju, Upitnika učestalosti doživljene rodne diskriminacije na studiju, Upitnika percipirane doživljene rodne diskriminacije drugih studenata/ica na studiju i Upitnika zadovoljstva studijem. Sudjelovalo je 274 ispitanika, od kojih je bilo 70,6% studentica te 29,4% studenata. Prema dobivenim rezultatima, studenti/ce su pokazali/e nisku razinu percipirane rodne diskriminacije na studiju, većina sudionika nikad nije doživjela rodnu diskriminaciju na fakultetu koji pohađaju te nikad nisu doživjeli rodnu diskriminaciju drugih studenata/ica na studiju. Značajno višu razinu percipirane rodne diskriminacije pokazale su studentice u odnosu na svoje muške kolege, stariji studenti/ce od mlađih, studenti/ce biomedicinskih fakulteta u odnosu na ostale. Učestalije iskustvo rodne diskriminacije imaju nereligiozni sudionici u odnosu na one koji su se izjasnili religioznima te studenti integriranih studija u odnosu na studente diplomskog i preddiplomskog studija. Utvrđena je negativna korelacija između zadovoljstva studijem i sva tri ispitivana aspekta rodne diskriminacije na studiju., The paper explores perceived gender discrimination at university, personal experience of gender discrimination of students and perception of experienced gender discrimination of other people at their university. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between gender discrimination at university and some characteristics of study (satisfaction with studies, level of study, and type of faculty) and socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, level of religiosity, political affiliation) of students. The research was conducted by a web questionnaire, which consisted of four scales: Questionnaire of perceived presence of gender discrimination at university, Questionnaire of frequency of experienced gender discrimination at university, Questionnaire of perceived experienced gender discrimination of other persons at university and Questionnaire of satisfaction with university. 274 respondents participated, of which 70,6% were female students and 29,4% male students. According to the obtained results, students showed a low level of perceived gender discrimination at their university, most participants never experienced gender discrimination at the faculty they attend and never experienced gender discrimination of other people at their university. Significantly higher level of perceived gender discrimination was shown by female students in relation to their male colleagues, older students from younger ones, students of biomedical faculties in relation to others. Non-religious participants have a more frequent experience of gender discrimination in relation to those who have declared themselves religious, and students of integrative studies in relation to those of graduate and undergraduate studies. A negative correlation was found between study satisfaction and all three examined aspects of gender discrimination in the study.

Osobe treće životne dobi smatraju se one s navršenih 65 godina života, a starost se može odrediti prema kronološkoj dobi i prema socijalnim ulogama. Republika Hrvatska zbog velikog broja stanovnika starijih od 65 godina, prema klasifikaciji pripada u vrlo staro stanovništvo. Taj podatak upućuje na potrebu većeg fokusa na starije stanovništvo te pronalaske novih načina za omogućavanje što boljeg standarda života koristeći pritom inovativna tehnološka rješenja. U ovom radu obrađuje se tema digitalnih kompetencija i primjena novih tehnologija u svrhu poboljšanja života starijih osoba. U prvom dijelu rada daje se pregled pojma suvremene tehnologije i njezine implementacije u svakodnevni život s naglaskom na informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije. U drugom dijelu rada govori se o osobama treće životne dobi i njihovim mogućnostima edukacija i obrazovanja uz primjenu novih tehnologija. Navode se primjeri dobre prakse kroz projekte koji se provode za starije osobe, najčešće u organizaciji kulturnih institucija unutar zajednica, a temeljene su na informatičkom i informacijskom opismenjavanju. Krajnji cilj jest društvena integracija osoba starije životne dobi u kulturna i društvena zbivanja zajednice kojoj pripadaju., People in third age are considered to be over 65 years old, while, generally, „old“ people can be defined by a chronological age and social norms. Croatia has a large number of population older than 65 and as such has greater need for continuous and urgent research of new ways to raise living standards. The first part of the paper is concentrated on the modern information and communication technologies itself and their integration in every-day life. While in second part of the paper are discussed all of the problems and possible solutions of connecting aforementioned technologies with people in third age. There are also few examples of already researched practices that showed good results through multiple projects, often led by cultural institutions within the community with main goal of spreading digital literacy. The main goal of the paper is to define ways for possible adaptation of elderly people into cultural and social events and circles around them.

Mentalno zdravlje je aspekt cjelokupnog zdravlja te obuhvaća ne samo mentalne bolesti i poremećaje već i samo zdravlje s čime se stavlja značaj na pozitivno mentalno zdravlje. Kako je mentalno zdravlje podložno okolinskim čimbenicima, važno je sagledati kakav je njihov utjecaj. Klimatske promjene su proces koji se odvija oduvijek, a koji je posljednjih godina pod utjecajem aktivnosti čovjeka ubrzan te su njegove posljedice svakim danom sve prisutnije (požari, poplave, sve više temperature, suše i drugi). Posljedice klimatskih promjena na mentalno zdravlje, koje se najčešće negativno odražavaju na mentalno zdravlje, se dijele na izravne i neizravne. Kao najčešće posljedice javljaju se depresija i anksioznost. Također, jedna od posljedica klimatskih promjena su i migracije uvjetovane narušenim životnim uvjetima pri čemu se dodatno narušava mentalno zdravlje pogođenih.Sagledavanjem posljedica klimatskih promjena na mentalno zdravlje, vidljivo je kako su najpogođenije marginalne skupine, ali da posljedice ostavljaju traga na svim pogođenim te se kao značajna djelatnost u tim okolnostima nameće socijalni rad. Cilj rada je na temelju dostupnih spoznaja ukazati na važnost utjecaja klimatskih promjena na mentalno zdravlje te razmotriti koje su mogućnosti socijalnog rada u navedenom području s naglaskom na novu granu zelenog socijalnog rada čija primjena u Republici Hrvatskoj još uvijek nije zastupljena, a sve sa svrhom da će rad možda pridonijeti razumijevanju važnosti inkorporiranja navedene grane socijalnog rada u svakodnevnu djelatnost socijalnih radnika., Mental health is a part of health in general and incorporates not only mental health issues and problems but health too which points out positive aspects od mental health. It᾽s very important to see the way mental health is affected with environment. Climate change is a process which last all the time but in recent decades it is much more visible and all due to the human activities and his consequences are occurring more (fires, floods, higher temperatures, droughts and more). Climate change consequences on mental health are divided in direct and indirect and usually they affect mental health in negative way. The two most usual consequences that occur are depression and anxiety. Also, one of the climate change consequences are migrations that are caused because of destruction of places where people live which negatively contributes to mental health. It᾽s visible that climate change affects everybody but the biggest consequences are felt by the people who are marginalized so the social work stands out like profession that can contribute in this situations. The main cause of this article is to point out the importance of problems that climate change has on mental health and to see what are the possibilities for social work, actually for new branch-green social work which is still not implemented in Republic of Croatia. The main purpose of this article is to put a light on importance of incorporating green social work in everyday professional life of social workers.

Mentalno zdravlje, uz fizičko i socijalno blagostanje, tvori općenito zdravlje pojedinca te se smatra kako nema zdravlja bez mentalnog zdravlja. Ono ne predstavlja isključivo odsustvo mentalnih bolesti ili poremećaja. Mladi koji prolaze kroz proces adolescencije prepoznati su kao iznimno ranjiva skupina koja se nalazi u velikom riziku za razvoj problema mentalnog zdravlja ili mentalnih poremećaja, upravo zbog burnog razdolja kroz koje prolaze i zbog fizičkih i psihičkih promjena koje im se događaju. Stoga se sve veći naglasak stavlja na promociju mentalnog zdravlja među mlađom populacijom, koja je usmjerena na pozitivne i zdrave ishode, a s krajnjim ciljem jačanja snaga i kompetencija mladih. U radu su prikazani rezultati kvalitativnog istraživanja o doživljaju programa promocije mentalnog zdravlja mladih iz perspektive stručnjaka. U istraživanju su sudjelovali stručnjaci koji se bave promocijom mentalnog zdravlja u sklopu projekta „Promicanje mentalnog zdravlja – Pogled u sebe“. Korištena metoda prilikom provedbe istraživanja bili su polustrukturirani intervjui putem videopoziva, dok su dobiveni podaci obrađeni metodom kvalitativne analize sadržaja. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na trenutno visoko stanje promocije mentalnog zdravlja koje je potaknuto pandemijom COVID-19, ali na općenitno nisko stanje svijesti o problemima mentalnog zdravlja i važnosti promocije mentalnog zdravlja. Prepoznata je i potreba uređenja politike mentalnog zdravlja, kao i osnaživanje školskog i obiteljskog okruženja za daljnju kontinuiranu promociju mentalnog zdravlja mladih, ali i jačanje sustava podrške i kvalitetnije edukacije stručnih suradnika koji rade s mladima. Kao dobar način promocije ističu se i vršnjački edukatori na koje mladi jako dobro reagiraju i čija mišljenja su im značajna., Mental health, along with physical and social well-being, constitutes the general health of an individual and it is considered to be no health without mental health. Mental health does not represent the exclusive absence of mental illness or mental disorders. Young people going through the process of adolescence are recognizes as an extremly vulnerable group that is at high risk for developing mental health problems or mental disorders, precisely because of the turbulet distance they go through and because of the physical and mental changes that happen to them. Therefore, increasing emphasis is placed on the promotion of mental health among the younger population, which is focused on positive and healthy outcomes, with the ultimate goal of strengthening the strengths and competencies of young people. The paper presents the results of a qualitative research on the experts perspecitve on the experience of youth mental health promotion programs. The research involved experts involved in the promotion of mental health through the project „Promicanje mentalnog zdravlja – Pogled u sebe“. The method used in the research was semi-structured interviews via video call, while the obtained data were processed by the method of qualitative content analysis. The results of the research point to the current high state of mental health promotion triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, but to a generally low state of awareness about mental health problems and the importance of mental health promotion. The need to regulate mental health policy was recognized, as well as strengthening the school and family environment for further continuous promotion of mental health of young people, but also strengthening the support system and better education of professional associates working with young people. Peer educators, to whom young people respond very well and whose opinions are important to them, also stand out as a good way of promotion

Krizne situacije i traumatski događaji imaju velik utjecaj na pojedince, obitelji i društvo u cjelini, baš poput ove aktualne uzrokovane širenjem zaraze tzv. koronavirusa i potresa koji su u prethodnoj godini pogodili Hrvatsku. Glavnu ulogu u kriznim situacijama imaju pomagači, koji nastoje smanjiti negativni utjecaj traumatskih iskustava kod svojih korisnika provodeći adekvatne psihološke intervencije poput: prve psihološke pomoći, psihološke krizne intervencije i sažete integracije traume. Socijalni rad je jedna od pomažućih profesija u čijoj se praksi, stručnjaci, osim s aktualnim, susreću s velikim brojem korisnika koji su traumatizirani svojim svakodnevnim iskustvima. Nerijetko i oni sami mogu razviti posrednu traumatizaciju i sekundarni traumatski stresni poremećaj, uslijed opetovane izloženosti traumatskim iskustvima svojih korisnika. Tada je važno osigurati adekvatan vid pomoći stručnjacima kako bi i dalje mogli obavljati svoj posao, u najboljem interesu korisnika i pritom zaštiti sebe i svoje mentalno zdravlje od daljnjeg razvoja težih psihičkih stanja poput simptoma sekundarnog traumatskog stresa i sagorijevanja na poslu. Kao najbolja metoda za zaštitu psihičke dobrobiti socijalnih radnika, ističe se supervizija kao oblik pomoći koji osigurava organizacija u kojoj je zaposlen te također postoje savjeti kako pomagači, u ovom slučaju socijalni radnici, mogu sami sebi olakšati rad s traumatiziranim korisnicima, osobito u ovim teškim vremenima., Crisis situations and traumatic events have a great impact on individuals, families and whole society, just like the current one caused by the spread of the so-called infection of coronavirus and earthquakes that hit Croatia in the previous year. The main role in crisis situations is played by helpers, who try to reduce the negative impact of traumatic experiences on their clients by implementing adequate psychological interventions such as: psychological first aid, psychological crisis interventions and debriefing. Social work is one of the helping professions in whose practice, experts, in addition to the current one, meet a large number of clients who are traumatized by their daily experiences. Often, helpers, themselves can develop indirect traumatization and symptoms of secondary traumatic stress, due to repeated exposure to the traumatic experiences of their clients. Then is important to provide adequate assistance to professionals so that they can continue to do their job, in the best interests of their clients, while protecting themselves and their mental health from further development of severe mental conditions such as symptoms of secondary traumatic stress and burnout. Supervision is the best method to protect the psychological well-being of social workers, as a form of assistance provided by the organization in which they are employed and there is also a lot other ways on how helpers, in this case social workers, can make it easier for themselves to work with traumatized clients, especially during these difficult times.

Cilj ovoga istraživanja je ispitati doživljaj institucionalnog tretmana mladih s problemima u ponašanju iz perspektive djevojaka i mladića kroz odnos s odgojiteljima, odnos s ostalim mladima i korisnost tretmana. Istraživanje je provedeno u Zagrebu na uzorku od šestero mladih, tri mladića i tri djevojke. Svoj odnos s odgojiteljima mladi doživljavaju kao odnos uzajamnog poštovanja, pravedan, podržavajuć, otvoren i opušten. Također, smatraju da je to odnos u kojem postoji aktivna formalna podrška odgojitelja, ali i odnos moći odnosno autoritarni stil odgojitelja. Što se tiče odnosa s ostalim vršnjacima, mladi navode poteškoće u uspostavi i održavanju odnosa, nasilnu verbalnu komunikaciju, a s druge strane druženje i zajedničko provođenje slobodnog vremena. Mladići odnos s ostalim mladima doživljavaju kao odnos bez podrške, dok ga djevojke doživljavaju podržavajućim. Institucionalni tretman i njegova korisnost ogleda se u doživljaju mladih da ih tretman priprema za budućnost, vide ga kao zdravo okruženje u kojem se nalaze, pruža priliku za učenje te vide postignutu promjenu kod sebe. S druge strane, svoje slobodno vrijeme provode nekvalitetno, uz izostanak aktivnosti. Dobiveni rezultati se u većoj mjeri podudaraju s nalazima prethodnih istraživanja na ovu temu, ponajviše onih o odnosu s odgojiteljima. Nalazi prvenstveno mogu koristiti stručnjacima koji rade s mladima u institucionalnom tretmanu, pogotovo kada je riječ o nekvalitetnom provođenju slobodnog vremena uz izostanak aktivnosti, koje su mladi tijekom intervjua naglašavali., The aim of this research is to examine the expeirence of institutional treatment of youth with behavioral problems from the perspective of girls and boys through their relationship with caregivers, relationship other peers and the benefit of the treatment. The reasearch was conducted in Zagreb, on a sample of six youth, three boys and three girls. Youth perceive their relationship with caregivers as relationship of mutual respect, fair, supportive, opened and causal. They also believe that it is a relationship in which there i san active formal support of caregivers, but also a relationship of power/authoritarian style of caregivers. As for relationship with other peers, youth address difficulties in establishing and maintaining relationships, violent verbal communication, but on the other hand, socializing and spending free time together. Boys perceive the relationship with other peers as unsupported, while girls perceive it as supportive. Institutional treatment and its benefit are reflected in the experience of youth that treatment prepares them for the future, sees it as a healthy environment in which they find themselves, provides an opportunity to learn and see the change achieved in themselves. On the other hand, they have poor leisure time, with no activities. The received results largely coincide with the findings of previous research on this topic, mostly those on the relationship with caregivers. The findings can primarily benefit professionals working with youth in institutional treatment, especially when it comes to poor leisure time with the absence of activities, which youth emphasized during interviews.

U ovom radu opisani su tretmani koji su usmjereni na društveno neprihvatljivo pona-šanje djevojaka. Cilj je dobiti uvid u načine provođenja tretmana te učinke koje stvara. Za početak, pružena je definicija društveno neprihvatljivog ponašanja i zakonski okviri koji se koriste kada je riječ o ovoj populaciji. Potom, objašnjeni su događaji koji mogu dovesti do društveno neprihvatljivog ponašanja djevojaka kao i tretmani u različitim situacijama. Tretmani za ovu populaciju najčešće proizlaze iz kognitivno bihevioralne terapije i ekološkog modela. Tako, kognitivno bihevioralni tretman fokusira se na promjenu mišljenja i ponašanja pojedinca, dok se ekološki model fokusira na više su-stava koji uključuju pojedinca, obitelj, vršnjake i zajednicu. Promjena kod samo poje-dinca nije dovoljna, već je potrebno intenzivno raditi kod ostalih sustava, a pogotovo obitelji., This article describes treatment approaches focused on socially unacceptable behavior of girls. The aim is to gain insight into the ways of carrying out the treatment and the effects it creates. To begin with, the definition of socially unacceptable behavior and the legal frameworks used when it comes to this population are provided. Then, events that can lead to socially unacceptable behavior of girls as well as treatments in different situations are explained. Treatments for this population most often result from cogni-tive-behavioral therapy and an ecological model. Thus, cognitive behavioral treatment focuses on changing an individual's thinking and behavior, while the ecological model focuses on multiple systems involving the individual, family, peers, and commu-nity. Change in the individual alone is not enough, but it is necessary to work intensi-vely in other systems, especially the family.

Internalizirani problemi u ponašanju predstavljaju jedan od glavnih socio-zdravstvenih problema današnjice, kako odraslih tako i djece i mladih. Uz internalizirane probleme vežemo i mentalno zdravlje osobe. Projekcija, da će depresija postati najčešća kronična bolest na svijetu do 2030. godine, postojala je i prije pandemije koronavirusa koja je svakako doprinijela navedenoj projekciji. Prevenciji internaliziranih problema mladih i očuvanju njihovog mentalnog zdravlja mogu pridonijeti razni čimbenici prisutni u obitelji mlade osobe, tj okolini u kojoj živi. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je ukazati na važnost prevencije problema u ponašanju i očuvanja mentalnog zdravlja mladih, posebno u stanju pandemijske krize koja stvara dodatan teret na zdravlje mladih te naglasiti kako razni stručnjaci, među njima i socijalni radnici, pomažu u prevenciji i očuvanju mentalnog zdravlja. Rezultati prvih istraživanja, početkom 2020. godine, pokazali su brojne negativne posljedice pandemije na mentalno zdravlje ljudi. Vlada je dužna poduzeti mjere kojima će spriječiti pogoršanje zdravstvenog stanja, a to uključuje donošenje Nacionalne strategije očuvanja mentalnog zdravlja djece i mladih koji predstavljaju jednu od najugroženijih skupina., Mental health problems are one of the biggest social and health-related problems of today’s world, in both adults and youngsters. We also associate a person's mental health with internalized problems. The projection that depression will become the most common chronic disease in the world by 2030 existed even before the coronavirus pandemic, which certainly contributed to the aforementioned projection. Various factors present in a young person's family, or their surroundings, can contribute to the prevention of mental health problems in youth. The aim of this thesis is to point out the importance of prevention of behavioral problems and maintaining mental health of young people, especially in a state of pandemic crisis that creates an additional burden on youth health and emphasize how various experts, including social workers, help prevent and preserve mental health. The results of the first research, in early 2020, showed a number of negative consequences of the pandemic on mental health. The government is obliged to take measures to prevent the deterioration of health, and this includes the adoption of the National Strategy for the Preservation of the Mental Health of Children and Youth, which is one of the most vulnerable groups.

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi razlike u socijalnoj anksioznosti mladih, kao i razlike u zadovoljstvu zajednicom mladih s obzirom na njihova demografska obilježja. Također, nastojala se utvrditi povezanost između socijalne anksioznosti i zadovoljstva zajednicom. U istraživanju su sudjelovale 102 mlade osobe, djevojke i mladići, iz različitih kvartova grada Zagreba. Mjerni instrumenti korišteni u ovom istraživanju su Liebowitzeva ljestvica za socijalnu anksioznost, Upitnik za strah, Upitnik o doživljaju kvarta, Upitnik o zadovoljstvu kvartom i Upitnik o odnosima u susjedstvu. Pokazalo se da postoji statistički značajna razlika u uznemirenosti prilikom doživljaja različitih osjećaja (emocija) između mladih muških i ženskih osoba, pri čemu je ona veća kod mladih ženskih osoba. Također, pokazalo se da postoji statistički značajna razlika između djevojaka i mladića kod dezorganizacije kvarta, pri čemu je kod djevojaka veća. Pokazalo se da postoji statistički značajna razlika među mladima različitog radnog statusa u procjeni zadovoljstva kvartom, pri čemu studenti i zaposleni imaju veće zadovoljstvo kvartom od nezaposlenih. Nadalje, utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika među mladima različitog radnog statusa u procjeni dezorganizacije kvarta, pri čemu nezaposleni i studenti više prepoznaju dezorganizaciju kvarta, u odnosu na zaposlene. Utvrđeno je da postoji međusobna povezanost između socijalne anksioznosti, izbjegavanja situacija koje mogu izazvati socijalnu anksioznost i uznemirenosti prilikom doživljaja različitih osjećaja (emocija) mladih. Osim toga, pokazalo se da postoji međusobna povezanost između doživljaja zajednice, zadovoljstva kvartom i dezorganizacije kvarta kod mladih., The aim of this study was to identify differences in social anxiety of young people, as well as differences in satisfaction with the community of young people with regard to their demographic characteristics. It also sought to establish a link between social anxiety and satisfaction with the community. The study involved 102 young people, males and females, from different parts of the city of Zagreb. The measurement instruments used in this study are the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the Fear Questionnaire, the Neighborhood Experience Questionnaire, the Neighborhood Satisfaction Questionnaire, and the Neighborhood Relations Questionnaire. It has been shown that there is a statistically significant difference in anxiety when experiencing different feelings (emotions) between young males and females, with it being greater in young females. Also, it was shown that there is a statistically significant difference between young males and females in the disorganization of the neighborhood, with it being greater in young females. It turned out that there is a statistically significant difference among young people of different employment status in the assessment of satisfaction with the neighborhood, with students and employees having higher satisfaction with the neighborhood than the unemployed. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was found among young people of different employment status in the assessment of neighborhood disorganization, with the unemployed and students recognizing neighborhood disorganization more, compared to employed. It has been found that there is a correlation between social anxiety, avoiding situations that can cause social anxiety and anxiety when experiencing different feelings (emotions) of young people. In addition, it has been shown that there is an interrelationship between community experience, neighborhood satisfaction, and neighborhood disorganization among young people

Seksualno nasilje u suvremenom društvu predstavlja značajan problem koji se ukorijenio u gotovo sve razine života pojedinaca, odnosno koji se može pojaviti bez obzira u kojem se okruženju, društvu ili situaciji pojedinac (žrtva) nalazi. Ono, između ostalog, spada pod najteže oblike rodno uvjetovanog nasilja u kojem su žene najčešće žrtve, a muškarci počinitelji nasilja. Uz spol, važan prediktor seksualnog nasilja je i dob. Naime, istraživanja koja su spomenuta u ovome radu, ukazuju na problematiku seksualnog nasilja među i nad mladima i djecom koji spadaju pod posebno ranjive društvene skupine. Istraživanja, također, ukazuju na veliku rasprostranjenost seksualnog nasilja nad mladima, zbog čega je cilj ovog rada napraviti pregled istraživanja koja govore o fenomenologiji i prevalenciji seksualnog nasilja nad ovom skupinom. Takvim se ciljem nastoji pružiti uvid i dublje razumijevanje dosadašnjih spoznaja o seksualnom nasilju među mladima i nad mladima kao žrtvama., Sexual violence is a significant problem in modern society, rooted in almost every aspect of life. In other words, it can occur regardless of the environment, society or situation in which an individual (victim) may find themselves in. Among other things, sexual violence is one of the most severe forms of gender-based violence, where women are the most frequent victims and men the perpetrators of violence. In addition to gender, age is also an important predictor of sexual violence. The studies mentioned in this paper point to the issue of sexual violence among and against the youth and children who belong to particularly vulnerable social groups. Studies also indicate a high prevalence of sexual violence against youth, which is why the main objective of this paper is to make a review of studies which are based on the phenomenology and prevalence of sexual violence against this group. Such objective seeks to provide insight and deeper understanding of current knowledge about sexual violence among and against youth.

Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati povezanost nepovoljnih životnih događaja u djetinjstvu sa stupnjem depresivnosti, anksioznosti, stresa te stupnjem samopoštovanja studenata. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 236 studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Sudionici istraživanja ispunili su Upitnik nepovoljnih životnih događaja u djetinjstvu (Felliti i sur., 1998), Skalu depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa (Lovibond i Lovibond, 1995), Skalu samosviđanja i samokompetentnosti (Tafarodi i Swann, 2001) te su odgovarali na neka sociodemografska pitanja. Rezultati pokazuju kako oko 80% sudionika ima barem jedan doživljeni nepovoljni događaj u djetinjstvu, a jedna trećina njih ima 4 ili više takvih događaja. Najčešće doživljeni događaj je emocionalno zanemarivanje (48.1%), koje slijede usamljenost (46.6%), život s ukućaninom s poteškoćama mentalnog zdravlja (27.7%) i psihičko zlostavljanje (26.8%). Pronađena je povezanost između broja nepovoljnih životnih događaja i stupnja depresivnosti, anksioznosti te stresa, pri čemu osobe s većim brojem nepovoljnih događaja, imaju viši stupanj depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa, što je u skladu s rezultatima prijašnjih rezultata. Što se tiče povezanosti nepovoljnih životnih događaja u djetinjstvu i samopoštovanja studenata, nije nađena statistički značajna povezanost. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da su iskustva nepovoljnih životnih događaja u djetinjstvu prisutna u životima studenata te je stoga potrebno provesti daljnja istraživanja kako bi se dobili rezultati na reprezentativnom uzorku studenata te se ispitale njihove potrebe u zaštiti mentalnog zdravlja., The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and the degree of depression, anxiety, stress and self-esteem of students. 236 students from the University of Zagreb participated in the research study. Research participants completed The Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (Felliti et al., 1998), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, DASS- 21 (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995), Self-Liking/Self-Competence Scale-Revised Version (Tafarodi and Swann, 2001), and responded to questions about their sociodemographic characteristics. The results show that about 80% of respondents have experienced at least one adverse childhood event, and one third of them have 4 or more such events. The most common event was emotional neglect (48.1%), followed by loneliness (46.6%), living with a household member with mental health problems (27.7%), experienced psychological violence (26.8%), experienced peer violence (21.7%), household member with addiction (19.6%), family poverty for more than two years (18.7%), experienced physical violence (10.2%) experienced sexual abuse (9.4%). Physical neglect (7.7%), living in a dangerous neighborhood (2.6%) and the experience of exile (1.3%) were experienced the least. A statistically positive correlation was found between the number of adverse childhood experiences and the level of depression, anxiety and stress, with persons with a higher number of adverse events having a higher level of depression, anxiety and stress, which is consistent with the results of previous research. Regarding the correlation of adverse childhood experiences and student self-esteem, no statistically significant correlation was found. The obtained results indicate that the experiences of adverse life events in childhood are present in the lives of students and it is necessary to conduct further research to obtain results on a representative sample of students who examined their needs in mental health care.

Socijalni radnici će se tijekom svog rada susresti s korisnicima koji imaju traumatsko iskustvo. Rad s traumatiziranim osobama može rezultirati razvojem posredne traumatizacije. Posredna traumatizacija može dovesti do nastanka posrednog traumatskog stresa, stanja sličnom posttraumatskom stresnom poremećaju. Uz to, posredna traumatizacija može dovesti do zlouporabe droga i alkohola, kao i do gubitka interesa za rad i aktivnosti. Djeca i mladi mogu biti žrtve različitih oblika nasilja. Stoga su socijalni radnici koji rade u ustanovama socijalne skrbi za djecu i mlade izloženi riziku razvoja posredne traumatizacije te razvoja posrednog traumatskog stresa. Kako bi se spriječio nastanak posredne traumatizacije, ustanova socijalne skrbi mora poduzeti određene korake. Najvažniji korak je uvođenje redovitih supervizijskih grupa. Supervizija se pokazala kao ključan alat u borbi protiv posredne traumatizacije. Uvođenjem redovite supervizije smanjuje se razina posredne traumatizacije. Uz superviziju, važna je i podrška od strane organizacije i kolega u timu. Zadovoljstvo suosjećanjem, konstrukt koji proučava zadovoljstvo postignutim u radu s korisnicima, može smanjiti razinu posredne traumatizacije. Veće zadovoljstvo suosjećanjem će rezultirati manjom razinom posredne traumatizacije i obrnuto. Cilj ovog rada je istražiti pojavnost posredne traumatizacije, ispitati postojanje supervizije u ustanovama socijalne skrbi za djecu i mlade, ispitati razinu zadovoljstva suosjećanjem te istražiti utjecaj supervizije i zadovoljstva suosjećanjem na razinu posredne traumatizacije., Social workers will, during their work, meet people who had a traumatic experience. Working with traumatized individuals can result in the development of secondary traumatic stress. Secondary traumatic stress can lead to secondary traumatic stress disorder, a condition similar to post-traumatic stress disorder. In addition, secondary traumatic stress can lead to drug and alcohol abuse as well as loss of interest in work and activities. Children and young people can be victims of various forms of violence. Therefore, social workers working in social care institutions for children and youth are at risk of developing secondary traumatic stress and the development of secondary traumatic stress disorder. In order to prevent the occurrence of secondary traumatic stress, the social welfare institution must take certain steps. The most important step is the introduction of regular supervision groups. Supervision has proven to be a key tool in the fight against secondary traumatic stress. The introduction of regular supervision reduces the level of secondary traumatic stress. In addition to supervision, support from the organization and teammates is also important. Compassion satisfaction, a construct that studies satisfaction with working with service users, can reduce the level of secondary traumatic stress. Greater levels of compassion satisfaction will result in lower levels of secondary traumatic stress and vice versa. The aim of this paper is to investigate the incidence of secondary traumatic stress, to examine the existence of supervision in social care institutions for children and youth, to examine the level of compassion satisfaction and to investigate the impact of supervision and compassion satisfaction on the level of secondary traumatic stress.

Virus humane imunodeficijencije (HIV) uzročnik je kronične progresivne bolesti koja uništava imunološki sustav zaražene osobe i traje sve do njene smrti. Ovaj rad daje pregled epidemiološke slike HIV-a u Hrvatskoj i fokusira se na poteškoće kod suočavanja s dijagnozom u okviru mentalnog zdravlja i na prilagodbu života osoba s HIV-om. Iako je informiranost o HIV-u bolja nego u počecima pojave infekcije, u Hrvatskoj, ali i diljem svijeta, još su uvijek sveprisutne stigma, diskriminacija i socijalna isključenost osoba koje žive s HIV-om. U što lakšim strategijama suočavanja i prilagodbi na reorganizaciju života, veliki značaj ima psihosocijalna podrška. Psihosocijalna podrška osobama koje žive s HIV-om pomaže u povećanju njihovih sposobnosti da odgovore na izazove bolesti s kojima se svakodnevno suočavaju. U radu se opisuju aktivnosti psihosocijalne podrške te uloga socijalnog radnika i organizacija civilnog društva u pružanju psihosocijalne podrške i suzbijanju stigme i diskriminacije prema osobama koje žive s HIV-om., Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the cause of a chronic progressive disease which destroys the immune system of an infected person and lasts until his or her death. This paper provides an overview of the epidemiological picture of HIV in Croatia and focuses on the difficulties in coping with a diagnosis in scope of mental health and adjusting to the life of a person with HIV. Although HIV awareness is more enhanced than at the onset of the infection, in Croatia, but also around the world, stigmas, discrimination and social exclusion of people living with HIV are still ubiquitous. For the easiest possible way for coping skills and adjusting to the reorganization of life, psychosocial support is of great importance. Psychosocial support for people living with HIV helps to increase their abilities in responding to the challenges of the disease they face on a daily basis. The paper describes the activities of psychosocial support and the role of a social worker and civil society organizations in providing psychosocial support and combating stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV.

Dostupnost digitalnih tehnologija omogućuje djeci i mladima ostvarivanje građanskih, političkih, kulturnih, ekonomskih i socijalnih prava, ukoliko se ne postigne digitalna uključenost djece i mladih dolazi do digitalne nejednakosti. Digitalna nejednakost dovodi do rizika socijalne isključenosti kao posljedice digitalne podjele, neujednačenih mogućnosti i nejednake kvalitete obrazovanja. Dostupnost interneta jedan je od bitnih aspekata dobrobiti djece i mladih, među kojima se navodi i sigurnost na internetu, obrazovne mogućnosti, slobodno vrijeme te očuvanje zdravlja. Cilj je ovoga rada prikazati pregled spoznaja o digitalnoj dobrobiti djece i mladih u online okruženju te važnost dostupnosti interneta za odrastanje djece i mladih. Važnost dostupnosti interneta može se primijetiti u vrijeme pandemije COVID-19 kada se većina aktivnosti odvija u online okruženju poput obrazovnih aktivnosti, društvenih aktivnosti, ispunjavanje slobodnog vremena, mjesto zabave i slično. Digitalne kompetencije su bitne za sposobnost sudjelovanja u aktivnostima na internetu ali i sposobnosti izbjegavanja rizika i suočavanja s posljedicama sudjelovanja u nekim online aktivnostima, The availability of digital technologies enables children and youth to realization their civil, political, cultural, economic and social rights. If digital inclusion of children and youth is not achieved, digital inequality occurs. Digital inequality leads to the risk of social exclusion as a consequence of the digital divide, unequal opportunities and unequal quality of education. Internet availability is one of the important aspects of children and youth welfare, including internet safety, educational opportunities, leisure and health. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of knowledge about the digital well-being of children and young people in the online environment and the importance of Internet availability for children and youth growing up. The importance of internet availability can be noticed at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic when most activities take place in an online environment such as educational, social activities, leisure activities, entertainment venues and etc. Digital competencies are essential for the ability to participate in Internet activities but also the ability to avoid risks and cope with consequences of participating in some online activities.

ovom radu biti će riječ o emocionalnim promjenama studenata i roditelja uslijed pandemije COVID-19. S obzirom na novonastalu situaciju pandemije, tema je još uvijek aktualna i neistražena. Brojna dosadašnja istraživanja vezana uz pandemiju ukazuju na porast stresa i neugodnih emocija koja se mogu javiti kod ljudi, a koje su rezultat samih promjena koje nosi pandemija. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati razlike u promjenama između studenata i roditelja u uvjetima pandemije COVID-19, dok je teorijska podloga Lazarusov model stresa. Istraživanje je provedeno na populaciji studenata (N=75) i roditelja (N=51), te je provedeno putem web ankete. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju da su tri najčešće emocije i kod roditelja i kod studenata bile neugodne emocije stres, zabrinutost te sreća, osim toga dobivena je statistički značajna razlika između roditelja i studenata u procjeni utjecaja pandemije u negativnom smislu, pri čemu studenti više procjenjuju negativni utjecaj. Dobiveni rezultati upućuju na potrebu za razvijanjem vještina za nošenje sa stresom te efikasnom regulacijom emocija., This paper will discuss the emotional changes of students and parents due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the emerging situation of the pandemic, the topic is still current and unexplored. Numerous previous studies related to the pandemic indicate an increase in stress and unpleasant emotions that can occur in people as a result of the changes brought about by the pandemic. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in changes between students and parents in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, while the theoretical basis was the Lazarus stress model. The research was conducted on the population of students (N=75) and parents (N=51) and was conducted through a web survey. The results of the study indicate that the three most common emotions in both parents and students were unpleasant emotions stress, anxiety and happiness, in addition, a statistically significant difference was obtained between parents and students in assessing the impact of a pandemic in a negative sense. The obtained results indicate the need to develop skills for coping with stress and effective regulation of emotions.

Krajem 80-ih godina prošlog stoljeća započinju istraživanja nasilja između homoseksualnih parova te dobiveni podaci ukazuju na to da se ono događa jednako ili čak i češće nego kod heteroseksualnih partnera. Nasilje u homoseksualnim vezama fenomen je koji ima dosta sličnih karakteristika s nasiljem u heteroseksualnim vezama ali istovremeno ima svoje specifičnosti koje su jedinstvene samo za istospolne partnere – manjinski stres i utjecaj rodnih uloga. Specifična je i tišina koja je obavijena oko nasilja u istospolnim vezama koja dodatno otežava razumijevanje samog nasilja i predstavlja prepreku za javnu raspravu. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi zastupljenost nasilja u vezama istospolnih partnera i ispitati razliku između doživljavanja i počinjenja nasilja u vezi. Naposljetku, cilj je i utjecati na vidljivost intimnog partnerskog nasilja u vezama homoseksualnih osoba te promjenu javnog mijenja na navedenu temu u društvu. Važan zaključak ovog kvantitativnog istraživanja je da su svi sudionici barem jednom doživjeli i počinili nasilje u vezi., Violence between partners in same-sex relationships started to be researched in the '80s of the last century and the data obtained indicate that it occurs equally or even more often than with heterosexual partners. Violence in homosexual relationships is a phenomenon that has many similar characteristics to violence in heterosexual relationships, but at the same time it has its own specificities that are unique only to same-sex partners - minority stress and the influence of gender roles. One of the specificities is the silence surrounding violence in same-sex relationships, which further makes it difficult to understand the violence itself and represents an obstacle for public discussion. The aim of this research is to determine the prevalence of violence in relationships between same-sex partners and to examine the difference between experiencing and perpetrating violence in a same-sex relationship. Ultimately, the goal is to influence the visibility of intimate partner violence in the relationships of homosexual persons and to change public opinion on the mentioned topic in society. An important conclusion of this quantitative research is that all participants experienced and committed violence at least once in a relationship.

Otpornost kao znanost se javlja 60-ih i 70-ih godina te je postala predmetom proučavanja mnogobrojnih različitih znanstvenih disciplina. Drugi svjetski rat bio je temelj nastanka istraživanja otpornosti budući da interes o funkcioniranju otpornosti raste u situacijama nepovoljnih okolnosti. Na otpornost se gleda kao na sposobnost sustava (pojedinca, obitelji, zajednice) da se prilagodi poteškoćama koje ugrožavaju funkcioniranje, održivost i razvoj cijelog sustava. Osnovni cilj rada bio je prikazati koncept otpornosti, njegove značajke i povijesni pregled nastanka i razvoja istraživanja koncepta. Rad promatra ulogu obitelji u razvoju otpornosti kod djece kroz različite mehanizme: sprečavanje i moderiranje izloženosti rizičnim situacijama, ublažavanje posljedica nastalih nepovoljnim okolnostima, odgajanje kompetentne i prilagodljive djece, obiteljske rutine te roditeljsko ponašanje i autoritativni roditeljski stil. Također, rad obrađuje obitelj kao potencijalni izvor stresa i traume za dijete kroz nekoliko mogućih situacija: genetska ranjivost, posredovani rizik, sukob između roditelja i zanemarivanje i zlostavljanje djeteta. Na kraju rada, prikazani su načini intervencija i prevencija te uloga socijalnih radnika i njihovih kompetencija u radu s obiteljima na razvoju otpornosti., Resilience as a science appeared in the '60s and '70s and became the subject of study of many different scientific disciplines. Interest in the study of its origin and mode of functioning grows in situations of unfavorable circumstances, therefore World War II was the foundation of the origin of resilience research. Resilience is seen as the ability of a system (individual, family, community) to adapt to difficulties that threaten the functioning, sustainability and development of the entire system. The main goal of the paper was to present the concept of resilience, its features and a historical overview of the origin and development of concept research. The paper observes the role of the family in the development of resilience in children through various mechanisms: prevention and moderation of exposure to risky situations, buffering the effects of adversity, raising competent and adaptive children, family routines and parental behaviour and authoritative parenting style. Also, the paper treats the family as a potential source of stress and trauma for the child through several possible situations: genetic vulnerability, mediated risk, a conflict between parents, and child neglect and abuse. At the end of the paper, the ways of intervention and prevention and the role of social workers and their competence in working with families on the development of their resilience are presented.

Cilj preglednog rada je istražiti kako život u siromaštvu utječe na zdravlje pojedinaca kroz različita razvojna razdoblja tj. u cjeloživotnoj perspektivi. Život u siromaštvu najnepovoljnije utječe na djecu koja su tada suočena s nizom problema u tjelesnom i mentalnom zdravlju, ali i kognitivnim sposobnostima. Djeca su lošijeg tjelesnog zdravlja, te imaju češće emocionalne poremećaje i poremećaje u ponašanju, probleme u učenju te se češće rizično ponašaju. Djeca su u riziku ispadanja iz sustava obrazovanja te, povezano s time, u riziku su obavljanja nedovoljno plaćenih poslova koji imaju viši rizik opasnosti za njihovo zdravlje. Roditelji djece koja žive u siromaštvu suočena su s lošijim mentalnim i tjelesnim zdravljem, ali i većoj razini stresa i frustracija, što pak nepovoljno utječe na obiteljske odnose. Zbog niskog stupnja obrazovanja, roditelji siromašne djece često nemaju materijalnih sredstava za kupnju potrebnih lijekova za djecu. Roditelji koji žive u uvjetima siromaštva češće koriste nasilne kazne, što također negativno utječe na mentalno zdravlje djece. Siromaštvo kod djece i kod odraslih dovodi do učestalijeg obolijevanja od kardiovaskularnih bolesti, ovisnosti, mentalnih poremećaja, dijabetesa, astme, raznih ozljeda i malignih bolesti. Za rješavanje spomenutih problema potrebno je razviti pristup koji mora osigurati kvalitetnu zdravstvenu uslugu dostupnu osobama u siromaštvu., The aim of this review is to investigate the link between poverty and health, as well as the effect of poverty on the health of individuals. The impact of poverty on health has been shown through different developing periods of human beings in a lifelong perspective. Poverty has the most adverse effect on children since children are facing a range of problems, manifested in their physical and mental health, and their cognitive abilities. The children are of poorer physical health and have frequently more emotional and behavioural disorders, learning problems and are keen to act riskier. Children are at risk of dropping out of the education system, which leads to lower paid jobs that have a higher risk of being detrimental for their health. Poorer parents cope with poor mental and physical health, but also higher levels of stress and frustration, which negatively affect family relationships. Due to the low level of education, poor parents do not often have the material means to purchase the necessary medicines for their children. Parents that live in poverty use more violent punishments that can cause poor mental health in their children. Poverty in general leads to more frequent cardiovascular diseases, addictions, mental disorders, diabetes, asthma, various injuries and malignant diseases. To address this issue, it is necessary to develop an approach which will provide the quality and available service to the people that live in poverty.Key words: poverty, health, child poverty, age differences, wellfare

S obzirom na osjetljivost razdoblja u kojem se adolescenti nalaze i važnost utjecaja osobnih i obiteljskih čimbenika na razvoj problema, cilj ovog rada je putem rezultata već provedenih istraživanja ukazati na povezanost socioekonomskih uvjeta s pojavom internaliziranih problema kod adolescenata. U radu se objašnjava pojam socioekonomskog statusa i njegov utjecaj na obitelj i roditeljsko ponašanje, kao i utjecaj na zdravlje i razvoj adolescenata. Isto tako, u radu se pojašnjava utjecaj socioekonomskog statusa na školski uspjeh adolescenata, kao i spolne razlike adolescenata kod pojave internaliziranih problema. Naposljetku, u rad se uvodi pojam prevencije i mogućnost utjecaja na smanjenje rizika putem pružanja socijalnih usluga., Given the sensitivity of the period of adolescence and the importance of personal and family aspects in regard to the development of issues, the aim of this written work is to indicate the relatability of socioeconomic conditions to the occurrence of internalizing problems in adolescents through the results of previously conducted research. The term socioeconomic status and it’s influence on family and parental behaviour, as well as the health and development of an adolescent is explained in this written work. In addition, it is explained how socioeconomic status influences academic success and the implication of gender when it comes to the development of internalizing problems. Furthermore, the term “prevention” and the possibility of minimizing risks through social assistance are introduced.

Socijalni radnici dio su skupine profesionalnih pomagača kod kojih je utvrđeno da je profesionalni stres prisutan pri obavljanju profesije. Stručnjaci unutar profesije socijalnog rada suočavaju se s profesionalnim stresom koji nosi brojne negativne posljedice poput sagorijevanja, posredne traumatizacije, a moguće i druge poteškoće mentalnog zdravlja. Unatoč činjenici da postoji značajan rizik za narušavanje mentalnog zdravlja socijalnih radnika, nažalost ne posvećuje se dovoljno velika pažnja o istome. Nedovoljna osviještenost o važnosti čuvanja mentalnog zdravlja prisutna je i kod samih socijalnih radnika kao i kod organizacija i sustava u kojima se obavlja praksa socijalnog rada. Cilj ovog preglednog rada je prikazati koncepte i definicije mentalnog zdravlja i profesionalnog stresa te predstaviti sustavan prikaz istraživanja i znanstvenih radova o povezanosti profesionalnog stresa i mentalnog zdravlja socijalnih radnika. U radu se govori o načinima kako se može pridonijeti brizi za pozitivno mentalno zdravlje socijalnih radnika. Važno je osvijestiti socijalne radnike o značaju i odgovornosti samostalne brige za vlastito mentalno zdravlje, što se može postići strategijama samopomoći koje mogu uključivati djelotvorno suočavanje s profesionalnim stresom, brigu za opće zdravlje, relaksacijske aktivnosti ili mindfulness, kao i osvijestiti o dužnosti osiguravanja zaštite mentalnog zdravlja istih na razini politika, resornog ministarstva, organizacije, poslodavca ili podizanjem kompetencija., Social workers are groups of professional helpers in whom it has been determined that occupational stress is present in the performance of their practice. Experts within the social work profession face occupational stress which carries a number of negative consequences such as burnout, vicarious traumatization, and possibly other mental health difficulties. Unfortunately, despite the fact that there is a significant risk to the mental health of social workers, not enough attention is paid to it. Insufficient awareness of the importance of mental health care is present among social workers themselves as well as in the organization and systems in which the practice of social work is performed. The aim of this review paper is presented in the concepts and definitions of mental health and occupational stress, which represent a sustainable overview of research and scientific papers on the relationship between occupational stress and mental health of social workers. The paper discusses ways in which care for the positive mental health of social workers can be achieved. It is crucial to make social workers aware of the importance and responsibility of mental health self-care, which can be achieved through self-help strategies that may include dealing effectively with occupational stress, general health care, relaxation activities or care, as well as through understanding the responsibility of ensuring the protection of social workers’ mental health at the level of policies, authorized ministry, organization, employer or by raising competence.

S obzirom na to da je difuzija odgovornosti svakodnevna pojava, ali još uvijek poprilično nepoznata, cilj ovog rada je približiti ovu tematiku čitatelju i pojasniti spomenuti fenomen. U radu se objašnjavaju pojmovi difuzije odgovornosti i efekta promatrača, navode se različiti eksperimenti opisujući ponašanje djece, ali i odraslih u različitim situacijama u kojima dolazi do ovog fenomena. Isto tako se u radu pojašnjava pojava difuzije odgovornosti i efekta promatrača u virtualnom svijetu. Da bi se ljudsko ponašanje u rizičnim situacijama shvatilo, u radu se opisuju faktori koji utječu na intervencije osoba u situacijama koje zahtijevaju intervenciju. Isto tako se u rad uvodi uloga socijalnih radnika u edukaciji o ovoj učestaloj pojavi, pojašnjavanju razloga zašto dolazi do difuzije odgovornosti te načinima nošenja s rizičnim situacijama, vlastitim emocijama i reakcijama osoba koje se naĎu u spomenutim situacijama., Given that the diffusion of responsibility is an everyday occurrence, but still quite unknown, the aim of this written work is to bring this topic closer to the reader and to clarify the mentioned phenomenon. The work explains the concepts of diffusion of responsibility and the bystander effect, various experiments describing the behavior of children and adults in different situations in which this phenomenon occurs. The work also explains this phenomenon in the virtual world. In order to understand human behavior in risky situations, the work describes the factors that influence the interventions of people in those situations. It also introduces the role of social workers in educating about this common phenomenon, explaining the reasons why there is a diffusion of responsibilities and ways of dealing with risky situations, emotions and reactions of people who find themselves in certain situations that require a reaction.

Vršnjačko nasilje svaki je oblik agresivnog ponašanja od strane jednog ili više učenika nad drugom djecom ili mladima slične dobi. Postoji više vrsta vršnjačkog nasilja, a to je fizičko, verbalno, socijalno, seksualno i elektroničko. Djeca i mladi u nasilje mogu biti uključeni kao žrtve, žrtve/počinitelji,počinitelji i neuključeni. Dječaci češće koriste fizičko nasilje, dok kod ostalih vrsta nasilja nije pokazana razlika u spolu. Dječaci su nasilni i prema dječacima i djevojčicama, dok su djevojčice većinom samo prema drugim djevojčicama. Vršnjačka viktimizacija svake godine sve više raste. Elektroničko nasilje novija je vrsta nasilja i u sve je većem porastu zbog dostupnosti interneta i mobitela sve većem broju mladih. Nije utvrđeno je li elektroničko nasilje sasvim novi oblik nasilja ili je samo produžetak klasičnog nasilja. Cilj ovog rada je napraviti usporedbu između tradicionalnog i elektroničkog vršnjačkog nasilja te kako koji od oblika djeluje na pojavu internaliziranih problema kod djece i mladih. Nasilje se najčešće dešava tijekom osnovne škole, počinje rasti početkom adolescencije i raste sve do kraja osnovne škole/početka srednje i tada počinje padati. Isto se događa i s internaliziranim problemima. Internalizirani problemi u ponašanju obuhvaćaju pretjerano kontrolirana i prema sebi usmjerena ponašanja, a od toga su najčešći depresija i anksioznost. Internaliziranim problemima djeca štete sebi, a ne okolini. Ipak, istraživanja su pokazala da su posljedice obje vrste nasilja iste, odnosno da žrtve i elektroničkog i klasičnog nasilja pokazuju veće rezultate na skalama depresije, anksioznosti, stresa, tjeskobe, agresije, a manje na skalama samopoštovanja, akademskog uspjeha i životnog zadovoljstva. Što se tiče povezanosti između internaliziranih problema i vršnjačkog nasilja, rezultati istraživanja su nekonzistentni, odnosno prema nekim autorima vršnjačko nasilje dovodi do pojave internaliziranih problema, a prema drugima postojanost internaliziranih problema prediktor je za uključenost u vršnjačko nasilje., Peer violence is any form of aggressive behavior by one or more students against other children or young people of similar age. There are several types of peer violence, and that is physical, verbal, social, sexual and electronic. Children and young people can be involved in violence as victims, victims / perpetrators, perpetrators and non-perpetrators. Boys are more likely to use physical violence, while other types of violence show no gender difference. Boys are violent towards both boys and girls, while girls are mostly just towards other girls. Peer victimization is growing every year. Electronic violence is a newer type of violence and is on the rise due to the availability of the Internet and mobile phones to a growing number of young people. It has not been established whether electronic violence is a completely new form of violence or just an extension of classic violence. The aim of this paper is to make a comparison between traditional and electronic peer violence and how each of the forms affects the occurrence of internalized problems in children and youth. Violence most often occurs during primary school, begins to increase in early adolescence and increases until the end of primary school / early secondary school and then begins to decline. The same thing happens with internalized problems. Internalized behavioral problems include overly controlled and self-directed behaviors, of which depression and anxiety are the most common. By internalized problems, children harm themselves, not the environment. However, research has shown that the consequences of both types of violence are the same, ie that victims of both electronic and classic violence show higher results on the scales of depression, anxiety, stress, anxiety, aggression, and less on the scales of self-esteem, academic success and life satisfaction. Regarding the connection between internalized problems and peer violence, the research results are inconsistent, as according to some authors peer violence leads to internal problems, and according to others the persistence of internalized problems is a predictor of involvement in peer violence.

Ovaj rad bavi se uspješnošću institucionalnog tretmana mladih s problemima u ponašanju, pri čemu se stavlja naglasak na mlade upućene u institucionalni tretman na temelju izrečenih kaznenopravnih sankcija. S obzirom na velik broj dosad provedenih istraživanja na ovu temu, rezultati istih se nastoje sumirati te predstaviti generalni zaključci o čimbenicima uspješnosti i uspješnosti određenih tretmanskih programa i pristupa. Također je dan kritički osvrt na metodologiju odabranih istraživanja i smjernice za njezino unaprjeđenje., This paper deals with the effectiveness of institutional treatment of young people with behavioural problems, with an emphasis on young people referred to institutional treatment based on criminal sanctions. Given the large number of studies conducted so far on this topic, the results are summarized, and general conclusions are presented on success factors and effectiveness of certain treatment programs and approaches. A critical review of the selected research methodology and guidelines for its improvement was also given.

Cilj ovog rada je dobiti uvid u kvalitetu ţivota mladih s otoka Prvića, a ispitala se preko subjektivne dobrobiti mladih i resursa zajednice. U istraţivanju je sudjelovalo 9 mladih osoba koji imaju prebivalište na otoku Prviću ili su ga imali u posljednje 3 godine. Podatci su prikupljeni putem polustrukturiranih intervjua, u razdoblju od svibnja do kolovoza 2020. godine. Rezultati su pokazali da mladi imaju dobre odnose s obitelji, partnerom/icom i prijateljima. Većinu svog vremena provode u druţenju s njima, no voljeli bi da mogu provoditi više vremena s prijateljima nego što to rade. Uglavnom su zadovoljni stvarima koje posjeduju i financijskom situacijom, no većina iskazuje ţelju za promjenom radnog statusa. Ipak, zadovoljni su svojim trenutnim radnim okruţenjem. Kao najveću poteškoću ističu nemogućnost osamostaljenja i ţivot s roditeljima. Jedini mladi koji su se osamostalili, uspjeli su to učiniti na kopnu. Uglavnom percipiraju da imaju dovoljnu količinu izbora u ţivotu, ali smatraju kako bi veći izbor imali da ţive na kopnu. Što se tiče resursa zajednice, mladi vide otok kao mjesto koje ima više poteškoća i područja koja treba unaprijediti, nego resursa, no svejedno percipiraju ţivot na otoku kao nešto pozitivno, te ga preferiraju više od ţivota na kopnu. Oni mladi koji su naveli da planiraju otići s otoka, su takoĎer rekli kada bi se počelo više ulagati u otok da bi ostali ili se vratili tu ţivjeti. TakoĎer, rad se dotiče i subjektivne dobrobiti mladih u razdoblju pojave Covid-19, gdje mladi ističu kako je taj dogaĎaj imao nekih negativnih posljedica na njihovu dobrobit, ali smatraju da je izoliranost otoka te uključenost u zajednicu i odrţavanje veza s ostalim otočanima olakšalo suočavanje s novonastalom situacijom. Nalazi istraţivanja mogu biti od koristi drţavnim resorima prilikom kreiranja politika za mlade i otočkih politika, ali i za planiranje odreĎenih intervencija za ublaţavanje posljedica Covid-a., The aim of this study is to gain insight into the quality of life of youth from island Prvić, which was examined through subjective well-being and community resources. In the research participated 9 young people that have residence on the island Prvić, or they have had it in the last 3 years. The data was collected trough a semi-structured interview in the period from May to August 2020. The results showed that young people have good relationships with their family, partner and friends. They spend most of their time hanging out with them, but they wish they could spend more time with their friends than they do. They are generally satisfied with the things they own and their financial situation, but most express a desire to change their employment status. However, they are satisfied with their current work environment. The greatest difficulty that stands out is the impossibility of independence and living with their parents. The only young people who became independent managed to do it on land. Tthey generally perceive that they have a sufficient amount of choice in life, but feel that they would have a greater choice, if they lived on the land. In terms of community resources, young people see the island as a place that has more difficulties and areas to improve than resources, but still perceives island life as something positive, and prefers it over life on land. Those young people who said they are planning to leave the island also said if more investment in the island would be made, that they would stay or return to live there. The study also refers on subjective well-being of youth in the times of Covid-19 appearance, where young people point out that the event had some negative consequences for their well-being, but believe that the isolation of the island, their involvement in the community and maintaining relations with other islanders have made it easier for them to cope with the new situation. The findings of the research can be useful for state departments in creating youth and island policies, but also for planning certain interventions that aim at mitigating the consequences of Covid-19.

Kraj 20. i početak 21. stoljeća obilježio je razvoj informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologija. Promjene koje su se dogodile i obuhvatile čitav svijet sa sobom su donijele nov način odrastanja mladih generacija i navele mnoge istraživače na razmišljanje o tome kako izgleda mladost i djetinjstvo oblikovano novim načinima igre, zabave, komunikacije, učenja i drugih stvari koje sa sobom nosi nova tehnologija. Brojna su istraživanja koja se usmjeravaju na načine na koje mladi koriste Internet i društvene mreže te dobiveni nalazi pokazuju da njihovo vrijeme provedeno na društvenim mrežama može biti i konstruktivno i destruktivno. Ovaj rad usmjeren je na proučavanje povezanosti između okolinskih čimbenika vezanih uz bliske osobe mladih, točnije njihove roditelje, i uključenosti u nasilje na društvenim mrežama. Istraživanje je provedeno u lipnju 2020. metodom online upitnika na uzorku od 145 učenika Ekonomsko-birotehničke i trgovačke škole Zadar. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju postojanje povezanost između kvalitete komunikacije u obitelji i sudjelovanja u nasilju na društvenim mrežama, no nije dobivena povezanost između sudjelovanja u nasilju na društvenim mrežama i roditeljskog korištenja društvenih mreža., The end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century were marked by the development of information and communication technologies. The changes that have taken place and encompassed the whole world have brought with them a new way of growing up for younger generations and led many researchers to think about what youth and childhood look like when they are shaped by new ways of playing, having fun, communicating, learning and other things brought on by new technology. There are a lot of studies that focus on the ways in which young people use the Internet and social networks, and the findings indicate that their time spent on social networks can be both constructive and destructive. This paper focuses on studying the relationship between environmental factors related to the families of young people, more precisely their parents, and involvement in violence on social networks. The study was conducted in June 2020 using the online questionnaire method on a sample of 145 pupils of School of Economics, Office Management and Commerce, Zadar. The results show a correlation between the quality of communication in the family and participation in violence on social networks, but no correlation was obtained between participation in violence on social networks and parental use of social networks.

U današnje vrijeme kod sve većeg broja mladih osoba javljaju se teškoće mentalnog zdravlja. Kao posebno rizična skupina za pojavu navedenih teškoća izdvajaju se adolescenti nižeg socioekonomskog statusa. Osnovni cilj ovoga rada bio je ponuditi sustavan prikaz postojećih istraživanja o odnosu između socioekonomskog statusa i mentalnog zdravlja kod adolescenata. U radu je prikazano 15 istraživanja u kojima je potvrđena određena povezanost čimbenika socioekonomskog statusa i mentalnog zdravlja adolescenata i to u očekivanom smjeru, odnosno, povoljniji čimbenici socioekonomskog statusa doprinijeli su povoljnijim ishodima mentalnog zdravlja, dok su nepovoljniji čimbenici socioekonomskog statusa imali štetnije učinke na mentalno zdravlje. Većina istraživanja je ukazala na važnost subjektivne percepcije adolescenata o socioekonomskom statusu, te na važnost tradicionalnih indikatora SES-a. Što se tiče ishoda mentalnog zdravlja, najčešće je utvrđen učinak socioekonomskog statusa na simptome depresivnosti. Također, većina istraživanja je ukazala da niži socioekonomski status nepovoljnije djeluje na mentalno zdravlje djevojaka nego na mentalno zdravlje mladića. Rezultati istraživanja prikazanih u ovom radu su značajni u kontekstu socijalnog rada jer omogućuju osmišljavanje različitih programa prevencije. Navedenoj temi je potrebno posvetiti veću pozornost jer su adolescenti nižeg socioekonomskog statusa, te adolescenti s problemima mentalnog zdravlja populacija koja je često marginalizirana i zanemarena., Nowadays, an increasing number of young people are experiencing mental health difficulties. Adolescents of lower socioeconomic status stand out as a particularly risky group for the occurrence of these difficulties. The main goal of this paper was to offer a systematic review of existing research on the relationship between socioeconomic status and mental health in adolescents. The paper presents 15 researches. In all studies, a certain connection between the factors of socioeconomic status and mental health of adolescents was confirmed in the expected direction, respectively, more favorable factors of socioeconomic status contributed to more favorable mental health outcomes, while less favorable factors of socioeconomic status had more detrimental effects on mental health. Most research has pointed to the importance of adolescents' subjective perception of socioeconomic status and to the importance of traditional SES indicators. Regarding mental health outcomes, the effect of socioeconomic status on depressive symptoms was most commonly determined. Also, most research has indicated that lower socioeconomic status has a more adverse effect on girls' mental health than on boys' mental health. The results of the research presented in this paper are significant in the context of social work because they enable the design of various prevention programs. More attention needs to be paid to this topic because adolescents of lower socioeconomic status, and adolescents with mental health problems are a population that is often marginalized and neglected.

Posljednih nekoliko godina došlo je do sve većeg razvoja informacijsko komunikacijskih tehnologija. Internet zauzima značajnu ulogu u životu ljudi i postaje jedno od glavnih sredstava komunikacije. Razvoj Interneta sa sobom nosi brojne prednosti, ali isto tako i brojne negativne strane, a jedna od njih je upravo elektroničko nasilje. Djeca i mlade osobe najčešći su korisnici Interneta te ono ima važnu ulogu u njihovim životima. Budući da se djeca i mladi nalaze u fazi razvoja i formiranja svojeg identiteta to ih čini posebno ranjivom skupinom kojoj Internet može dati lažni osjećaj sigurnosti što može dovesti do toga da postanu žrtve elektroničkog nasilja, a čiji su počinitelji najčešće njihovi všnjaci. Elektroničko nasilje među djecom i mladima noviji je fenomen koji sve više i više raste. Često se uspoređuje sa klasičnim vršnjačkim nasiljem, ali iako imaju određene sličnosti glavna razlika je ta da se elektroničko nasilje odvija u virtualnom svijetu, odnosno putem Interneta, društvenih mreža, mobitela, blogova, e-maila. Elektroničko nasilje ostavlja brojne i teške posljedice na fizičko, psihičko i socijalno funkcioniranje žrtve, ali i počinitelja, kao što su razvoj depresije, anksioznosti, pad samopuzdanja, slabiji akademski uspjeh, konzumacija opojnih sredstava. Ovim radom želi se ukazati na ozbiljne psihosocijalne posljedice koje ova vrsta nasilja uzrokuje., Last couple of years there has been a rapid development of information and communication technologies. Internet plays a significant role in people's lives and over the years it has become one of the main means of communication. Besides many positive things that Internet has to offer, there are also a lot of negative sides to it and one of them is cyberbullying. Children and young people are the most common users of the Internet and it plays a very important role in thier lives. As children and young people are in the phase of developing and forming their identities, this makes them a particularly vulnerable group to whom the Internet can give a false sense of security which can lead to them becoming victims of cyberbullying, most often committed by their peers. Cyberbullying among youth is a recent phenomenon that has been growing more and more in recent years. It is often compared to classic peer violence, but although they have certain similarities, the main difference is that cyberbullying takes place in online spaces, which includes the Internet, social networks, mobile phones, blogs, e-mail. Cyberbullying leaves numerous and severe consequences in the physical, mental and social functioning of victims, but also perpetrators, such as the development of depression, anxiety, decreased self-esteem, poorer academic success, consumption of narcotics. This paper aims to point out the serious psychosocial consequences that this type of violence causes

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati povezanost izmeĎu socijalne komparacije na Instagramu i samopoimanja mladih. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 200 učenika prvih i drugih razreda srednjih škola Gimnazije Karlovac i Ekonomsko-turističke škole Karlovac. Podaci su prikupljeni korištenjem web ankete kojom su se ispitivale aktivnosti na Instagramu i samopoimanje mladih. Rezultati su pokazali da postoji statistički značajna negativna korelacija izmeĎu socijalne komparacije sposobnosti i fizičkog samopoimanja mladih, te izmeĎu socijalne komparacije sposobnosti i generalnog samopoimanja mladih. Iako su za većinu mladih društvene mreže pozitivno iskustvo, iz dobivenih rezultata možemo vidjeti da ipak postoji opasnost od negativnog iskustva. UsporeĎivanje s drugima na društvenim mrežama može pojačati nesigurnost osobe i nezadovoljstvo sobom. Iz tog razloga, važno je djelovati u području podizanja svijesti o negativnom utjecaju društvenih mreža, ali i organiziranja edukativnih programa., The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social comparison on Instagram and self-concept of the youth. The research included 200 participants from the first and second grades of high schools Gimnazija Karlovac and Ekonomsko-turistička škola Karlovac. It was conducted by using a web questionnaire which examined activities on Instagram and self-concept of the participants. The results of the questionnaire showed a significant negative correlation between social comparison of ability and self-concept of physical looks, and between social comparison of ability and self-esteem. While the majority of teenagers might experience social-networking as enjoyable, the results of this study indicate that they can have a negative effect on the self-concept of the youth. The social comparison on social media can result in the feeling of insecurity and dissatisfaction with ourselves. For this reason, it is important to raise awareness about the negative side effect of social media use and also to build an educational program to prevent it.

Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati povezanost između dimenzija subjektivne dobrobiti i percipiranih roditeljskih ponašanja. Kvantitativno istraživanje provedeno je sa 136 hvarskih srednjoškolaca, a korištene su ljestvice roditeljskih stilova, zadovoljstva životom, samopoštovanja te pozitivnih i negativnih afekata. Rezultatima istraživanja je utvrđeno da postoji povezanost između pozitivnih roditeljskih ponašanja i višeg zadovoljstva životom, samopoštovanja i pozitivnih afekata dok su negativna roditeljska ponašanja povezana s nižim zadovoljstvom života i samopoštovanjem kao i negativnim afektima adolescenata. Iako se pokazalo da je opće životno zadovoljstvo sudionika ovog istraživanja prilično visoko, adolescencija je razdoblje mnogobrojnih promjena i osobnih poteškoća, pa je fokusiranje i istraživanje problema mladih od velike važnosti. Još se nedovoljno zna o dječjoj i adolescentskoj subjektivnoj dobrobiti, a posebice nedostaju istraživanja koja povezuju subjektivnu dobrobit s ponašanjima roditelja koja zajedno s drugim obiteljskim čimbenicima objašnjavaju veliku većinu varijance životnog zadovoljstva adolescenata. Stoga je potrebno obratiti pažnju na funkcioniranje obitelji kako bi se osigurale pozitivne promjene te zdrav rast i razvoj, što bi doprinijelo razvijanju optimalne razine životnog zadovoljstva adolescenata., The aim purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between dimensions of subjective well-being and perceived parental behavior. This quantitative study, that included 136 high school students of island Hvar, used scales to examine parenting styles, satisfaction of life, self-esteem and positive and negative affects. The results of the study identified correlation between positive parenting behavior and higher life satisfaction, self-esteem and positive affects while negative parenting behavior are associated with lower life satisfaction and self-esteem, as well as negative affects. Although results of this study show that life satisfaction of this participants is quite high, adolescence is time of great changes and challenges thus focusing and investigating youth problems is very important. Still, we don't know enough about children's and adolescence well-being and especially about its relation with parental behavior and other family-related factors that explain most of the variation in life satisfaction of adolescents. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the functioning of the family in order to achieve positive changes and healthy growth and development that would contribute to developing optimal level of adolescence life satisfaction.