117 results on '"RUTHER W"'
Search Results
102. NUCLEAR REACTOR COMPENENT CLADDING MATERIAL
- Author
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Ruther, W
- Published
- 1959
103. CORROSION REDUCTION
- Author
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Ruther, W
- Published
- 1961
104. Midterm results of "thrust plate" prosthesis.
- Author
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Fink B, Wessel S, Deuretzbacher G, Protzen M, and Ruther W
- Subjects
- Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Linear Models, Male, Middle Aged, Prosthesis Design, Prosthesis Failure, Reoperation, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Weight-Bearing, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip instrumentation, Hip Prosthesis
- Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to analyze the midterm results obtained with the metaphyseal fixation principle of the thrust plate prosthesis (TPP). Survival of 214 implants in 204 patients was analyzed. Clinical (Harris hip score) and radiologic examinations were carried out on 157 of 190 TPP with a postimplantation follow-up period of at least 5 years. Failure rate was 7.0% (9 aseptic and 6 septic loosening). Harris hip score increased from 36.9 +/- 13.5 points preoperatively to 91.2 +/- 13.1 points at follow-up. Eleven TPPs showed radiolucent lines not indicating prosthetic loosening. Thrust plate prosthesis is not an alternative to stemmed endoprostheses. It may be rarely indicated in very young patients where, because of their age, several revision operations can be expected.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
105. Effects on ontogenesis of Carausius morosus hit by cosmic heavy ions.
- Author
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Reitz G, Bucker H, Ruther W, Graul EH, Beaujean R, Enge W, Heinrich W, Mesland DA, Alpatov AM, Ushakov IA, and Zachvatkin YuA
- Subjects
- Animals, Collodion, Embryo, Nonmammalian embryology, Embryo, Nonmammalian radiation effects, Embryonic Development, Insecta embryology, Insecta growth & development, Larva radiation effects, Ovum growth & development, Ovum radiation effects, Polyethylene Glycols, Radiation Monitoring instrumentation, Radiometry, Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced, Cosmic Radiation, Heavy Ions, Insecta radiation effects, Space Flight, Weightlessness
- Abstract
Among the biological problems that arise in long duration spaceflights, the effects of weightlessness and ionizing radiation appear to be the two main risk factors. Eggs of the stick insect Carausius morosus were exposed to spaceflight conditions during the 12.56 day Biosatellite mission Cosmos 1887. Five different ages were used, representing different sensitivities to radiation and different capacities for regeneration. During spaceflight the eggs continued their development. Already, in the Spacelab D1 mission in 1985, it has been shown that microgravity leads to a reduced hatching rate of eggs exposed during the early steps of development. When the eggs were hit by a heavy ion, a further but not significant reduction of the hatching rate was observed. Hatching was normal for eggs which were exposed on a 1 g reference centrifuge in space. Heavy ion hits caused body anomalies. The combined action of heavy ions and microgravity resulted in an unexpectedly high rate of anomalies. In the experiment on Cosmos 1887 these results were confirmed. Studies on the embryonic development before hatching showed no major difference between flight and ground control specimen, neither in speed of development nor in morphological anomalies. Hatching therefore seems to be the critical point in insect ontogenesis.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
106. AgCl detectors in the Biostack II experiment aboard Apollo 17.
- Author
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Henig G, Schopper E, Schott JU, and Ruther W
- Subjects
- Animals, Radiation Dosage, Radiation Monitoring instrumentation, Radiometry, Zygote radiation effects, Artemia radiation effects, Cosmic Radiation, Heavy Ions, Radiation Monitoring methods, Silver Compounds, Space Flight instrumentation
- Abstract
Two layers of AgCl detectors with a total surface of 90 cm2 were flown. Tracks of nuclei, from light (Z>4) up to the heaviest were recorded and could be distinguished by their geometrical trackwidths. The tracks were divided into five groups of atomic numbers, and their abundance was measured. Also the number of surviving nuclear stars was counted. 22.5 cm2 of the detector surface were covered with eggs of Artemia salina. The detectors could be developed without removing the eggs, so that the spots hit could be determined directly. The radiation effect on these eggs is being investigated.
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
107. Preliminary results on the action of cosmic heavy ions on the development of eggs of Artemia salina.
- Author
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Ruther W, Graul EH, Heinrich W, Allkofer OC, Kaiser R, and Cuer P
- Subjects
- Animals, Artemia growth & development, Blastocyst radiation effects, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Embryo, Nonmammalian abnormalities, Embryo, Nonmammalian radiation effects, Embryonic Development, Female, Larva growth & development, Larva radiation effects, Male, Reproduction radiation effects, Zygote growth & development, Artemia radiation effects, Cosmic Radiation, Heavy Ions, Space Flight, Weightlessness, Zygote radiation effects
- Abstract
The Biostack experiment (Principal Investigators: H. Bucker) aboard Apollo 16 contained one unit with eggs of the brine shrimp Artemia salina. The eggs were fixed in polyvinyl alcohol foils. Nuclear emulsions and plastics were used as track detectors. The development of 260 eggs hit by cosmic heavy ions was investigated. It differed significantly from the development of the flight controls--eggs flown in the Biostack but not hit by heavy ions--and of the ground controls. From these results it was concluded that a hit of a single heavy ion may injure the encysted blastula. This damage was found to influence the gastrula formation and even the hatching process of the nauplius. Abnormalities of the orthonauplius were observed during the development of the hit eggs. These are shortened extremities, or abnormal thorax or abdomen. In addition, in the Biostack II aboard Apollo 17 eggs of Tribolium confusum and Carausius morosus were included. The influence of single heavy ions on the development process of these highly organized insects was investigated.
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
108. Embryogenesis and organogenesis of Carausius morosus under spaceflight conditions.
- Author
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Bucker H, Facius R, Horneck G, Reitz G, Graul EH, Berger H, Hoffken H, Ruther W, Heinrich W, Beaujean R, and Enge W
- Subjects
- Animals, Centrifugation, Gravitation, Insecta embryology, Insecta radiation effects, Larva growth & development, Larva radiation effects, Radiation Monitoring instrumentation, Radiometry, Regeneration, Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced, Cosmic Radiation, Insecta growth & development, Ovum radiation effects, Space Flight instrumentation, Weightlessness
- Abstract
The influence of cosmic radiation and/or microgravity on insect development was studied during the 7 day German Spacelab Mission D1. Eggs of Carausius morosus of five stages differing in sensitivity to radiation and in capacity to regeneration were allowed to continue their development in the BIORACK 22 degrees C incubator, either at microgravity conditions or on the 1 g reference centrifuge. Using the Biostack concept--eggs in monolayers were sandwiched between visual track detectors--and the 1 g reference centrifuge, we were able to separate radiation effects from microgravity effects and also from combined effects of these two factors in space. After retrieval, hatching rates, growth kinetics and anomaly frequencies were determined in the different test samples. The early stages of development turned out to be highly sensitive to single hits of cosmic ray particles as well as to the temporary exposure to microgravity during their development. In some cases, the combined action of radiation and microgravity even amplified the effects exerted by the single parameters of space. Hits by single HZE particles caused early effects, such as body anomalies, as well as late effects, such as retarded growth after hatching. Microgravity exposure lead to a reduced hatching rate. A synergistic action of HZE particle hits and microgravity was established in the unexpectedly high frequency of anomal larvae. However, it cannot be excluded, that cosmic background radiation or low LET HZE particles are also causally involved in damage observed in the microgravity samples.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
109. Radiobiological results of the Biostack experiment on board Apollo 16 and 17.
- Author
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Graul EH, Ruther W, Heinrich W, Allkofer OC, Kaiser R, Pfohl R, Schopper E, Henig G, Schott JU, and Bucker H
- Subjects
- Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced, Animals, Arabidopsis radiation effects, Artemia radiation effects, Bacillus subtilis radiation effects, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Fabaceae radiation effects, Female, Insecta radiation effects, Larva radiation effects, Male, Radiometry, Spores, Bacterial radiation effects, Tribolium radiation effects, Zygote growth & development, Cosmic Radiation, Heavy Ions, Seeds radiation effects, Space Flight instrumentation, Weightlessness, Zygote radiation effects
- Abstract
After penetrating the Biostack capsule, some of the HZE particles hit the biological objects carried: bacterial spores (Bacillus subtilis), seeds (Arabidopsis thaliana and Vicia faba), and shrimp eggs (Artemia salina). The different biological objects were affected by heavy ions in widely varying ways. A broad range of radiobiological investigations has been carried out in regard to the objects' response to HZE particles. The most sensitive biological objects in the Biostack experiments proved to be the shrimp eggs. The development of 500 eggs hit by heavy cosmic ions was investigated. This differed significantly from the flight controls (eggs flown in the Biostack but not hit by heavy ions) and from the ground controls. From this it has been concluded that penetration on the part of a single heavy ion may injure the encysted blastula. This damage was found to influence gastrula formation and even the hatching process of the nauplius. Abnormalities (increased by a factor of 10) in the orthonauplius were observed during the development of the hit eggs; they consisted, for example, of shortened extremities or an abnormal thorax or abdomen. In addition, eggs of Tribolium confusum and Carausius morosus, which were included in Biostack 2 (Apollo 17), have been investigated, and the influence of single heavy ions on the development process of these highly organized insects has been studied.
- Published
- 1975
110. Influence of cosmic radiation and/or microgravity on development of Carausius morosus.
- Author
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Reitz G, Bucker H, Facius R, Horneck G, Graul EH, Berger H, Ruther W, Heinrich W, Beaujean R, Enge W, Alpatov AM, Ushakov IA, Zachvatkin YuA, and Mesland DA
- Subjects
- Animals, Chromosome Aberrations, Chromosome Disorders, Embryo, Nonmammalian abnormalities, Embryo, Nonmammalian embryology, Embryo, Nonmammalian radiation effects, Embryonic Development, Insecta embryology, Insecta growth & development, Larva growth & development, Larva radiation effects, Zygote growth & development, Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced, Cosmic Radiation, Insecta radiation effects, Space Flight, Weightlessness adverse effects, Zygote radiation effects
- Abstract
Eggs of Carausius morosus were exposed to spaceflight conditions in two spaceflight missions, the German 7 day Spacelab Mission D1 and the Soviet 12.56 day Biosatellite Mission "COSMOS 1887". During spaceflight the eggs continued their development. Eggs of five different ages representing different sensitivity to radiation and different capacity to regeneration were used to investigate the influence of cosmic radiation and/or microgravity on insect development. Using the Biostack concept--eggs in monolayers sandwiched between nuclear track detectors--and the 1 g reference centrifuge of BIORACK in D1 we were able to separate effects of heavy ions of the cosmic radiation from microgravity effects and also from combined effects of these two factors in space. After retrieval, hatching rates, embryonic and larval growth kinetics and anomaly frequencies were determined. Microgravity leads to a reduced hatching rate of eggs exposed in the early stages of development. Hatching was normal in eggs which were exposed on the 1 g reference centrifuge. Hits by heavy ions caused body anomalies. The combined action of heavy ions and microgravity resulted in an unexpectedly high frequency of anomalies. These results obtained from the Spacelab Mission D1, were confirmed in an experiment onboard of COSMOS 1887. In addition to the previous analysis, embryonic development before hatching was followed which showed no major difference between flight and the ground control specimens. Since a reconfirmation of reduced hatching rates was observed in COSMOS 1887, too, the above results suggest some microgravity induced functional impairment of the hatching activity, rather than blockage in embryonic development.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
111. Advanced biostack: experiment 1 ES 027 on Spacelab-1.
- Author
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Bucker H, Baltschukat K, Beaujean R, Bonting SL, Delpoux M, Enge W, Facius R, Francois H, Graul EH, Heinrich W, Horneck G, Kranz AR, Pfohl R, Planel G, Portal G, Reitz G, Ruther W, Schafer M, Schopper E, and Schott JU
- Subjects
- Animals, Arabidopsis radiation effects, Artemia radiation effects, Equipment Design, Linear Energy Transfer, Radiometry, Relative Biological Effectiveness, Sordariales radiation effects, Spores, Bacterial, Heavy Ions, Radiation Monitoring instrumentation, Radiobiology, Space Flight instrumentation, Weightlessness
- Abstract
The radiobiological properties of the heavy ions of cosmic radiation were investigated on Spacelab 1 by use of biostacks, monolayers of biological test organisms sandwiched between thin foils of different types of nuclear track detectors. Biostacks were exposed to cosmic radiation at several locations with different shielding environments in the module and on the pallet. Evaluations of the physical and biological components of the experiment to date indicate that in general they survived the spaceflight in good condition. Dosimetric data are presented for the different shielding environments.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
112. Development anomalies in biological systems of animals due to heavy nuclei of cosmic radiation.
- Author
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Graul EH and Ruther W
- Subjects
- Animals, Decapoda growth & development, Female, Ovum growth & development, Ovum radiation effects, Cosmic Radiation, Decapoda radiation effects
- Published
- 1977
113. [Clinical experiences with ultox in the current therapy of inflammation of the gastric mucosa, with special reference to ulcus ventriculi and duodeni].
- Author
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RUTHER W
- Subjects
- Humans, Antacids, Bismuth, Gastric Mucosa, Gastritis therapy, Inflammation, Magnesium Oxide therapeutic use, Peptic Ulcer therapy, Stomach Ulcer
- Published
- 1954
114. [Contribution on the medical therapy of coronary insufficiency & its sequels].
- Author
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RUTHER W and THEISS W
- Subjects
- Humans, Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Disease therapy, Diuretics, Estrogens therapeutic use
- Published
- 1959
115. [New methods of medicinal treatment of extrapyramidal disorders, with special reference to parkinsonism & postencephalitic parkinsonism].
- Author
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RUTHER W and THEISS W
- Subjects
- Humans, Basal Ganglia Diseases, Muscle Relaxants, Central therapeutic use, Parkinson Disease therapy, Parkinson Disease, Postencephalitic, Parkinsonian Disorders
- Published
- 1958
116. The Biostack experiment on Apollo 16.
- Author
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Bucker H, Horneck G, Allkofer OC, Bartholoma KP, Beaujean R, Cuer P, Enge W, Facius R, Francois H, Graul EH, Henig G, Heinrich W, Kaiser R, Kuhn H, Massue JP, Planel H, Portal G, Reinholz E, Ruther W, Scheuermann W, Schmitt R, Schopper E, Schott JU, Soleilhavoup JP, and Wollenhaupt H
- Subjects
- Animals, Arabidopsis embryology, Arabidopsis growth & development, Artemia embryology, Artemia growth & development, Fabaceae radiation effects, Heavy Ions, Larva growth & development, Larva radiation effects, Radiation Monitoring instrumentation, Radiobiology, Radiometry, Seeds embryology, Seeds radiation effects, Spores, Bacterial radiation effects, Arabidopsis radiation effects, Artemia radiation effects, Bacillus subtilis radiation effects, Cosmic Radiation, Space Flight, Weightlessness
- Abstract
The object of the Biostack experiment is to study the biological effects of high ZE particles of cosmic radiation in order to obtain information on the mechanism of these particles in biological matter. For this purpose individual local evaluation methods have been developed which allow one to identify each biologically effective particle and to correlate the individual hitting particle with the biological effect produced. The Biostack experimental package contains a series of monolayers of selected biological objects (Bacillus subtilis spores, Arabidopsis thaliana seeds, Vicia faba radiculae, Artemia salina eggs) with each layer sandwiched between several different cosmic ion track detectors (nuclear emulsions, cellulose nitrate, polycarbonate). By this arrangement a variety of biological effects due to a single penetrating particle can be analysed. Influence on cellular and tissue development, nuclear damages, and mutation induction are the main investigated effects. These space flight findings will be completed by results of balloon flight and accelerator experiments.
- Published
- 1973
117. RBE values for fast neutrons in connection with estimates of the radiation burden in space.
- Author
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Graul EH, Kruger H, Ruther W, and Piroth D
- Subjects
- Animals, Cataract etiology, Cell Line, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Guinea Pigs, HeLa Cells radiation effects, Humans, Lethal Dose 50, Mice, Mitosis radiation effects, Phantoms, Imaging, Rabbits, Rats, Relative Biological Effectiveness, Risk Assessment, Cell Physiological Phenomena radiation effects, Fast Neutrons, Radiation Injuries, Experimental pathology, Space Flight, Whole-Body Irradiation
- Abstract
Much data concerning radiation in space as a serious danger to astronauts can be obtained in laboratories on Earth. For different parameters we investigated the relative biological efficiency (RBE) of 14-MeV neutrons on mice, rats and guinea pigs (being wholly exposed). Also the mitosis inhibition for isolated cells was determined. The RBE values found were: for lethality in the LD50(30d)-region--about 2 (for mice, rats and guinea pigs); for reduction due to radiation of living weight of different animals--2 to 3; for reduction of small gut weight of rats and guinea pigs--2.5 and 2; for histological changes in blood and albumin serum (rats and guinea pigs)--about 2; for the highly sensible cells of the lense epithelium from eyes of rabbits--2.5; for the mitosis inhibition of HeLa cells--2.5. The apparatus for radiation tests is described and measuring methods are indicated. The radiation of the whole body of mice, rats and guinea pigs was determined by activating of MgCl2 solution filled into phantoms. By means of a computer, the depth-dose curve can be determined for larger biological objects.
- Published
- 1969
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