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101. Understanding Differences in Customer Willingness to Pay (WTP): Context Effects, Attribute Framing, and Perceptions of Fairness

Author

Kenneth D. Hall, Thomas W. Whipple, Nicholas R. Bertram, and Ashutosh Dixit

Subjects
Scarcity, Framing (social sciences), Goods and services, Willingness to pay, Context effect, media_common.quotation_subject, Perception, Business, Marketing, Circumstantial evidence, Reputation, media_common
Abstract

Researchers in marketing have studied customer willingness to pay (WTP) for a variety of goods and services extensively. However, to date there has been limited empirical investigation of environmental factors such as need urgency (demanddriven or circumstantial scarcity of a desired good or service) and agency (whether the purchaser is spending her own money to make the purchase, or money provided by someone else, such as an employer). In addition, factors such as the way price information is framed may have an effect on customer WTP, as might the presentation of incidental price information. In addition, the perceived fairness of a price, or of a change (particularly an increase) in price, may have an effect on customer WTP under some circumstances. Understanding the effect of need urgency, agency, framing, reference pricing, and perceived fairness on customer WTP could help managers optimize pricing and (in the case of fairness) firm reputation.

Published
2014

102. Pronounced chemical response of Subarctic lakes to climate-driven losses in surface area

Author

Mark R. Bertram, Joshua C. Koch, Patricia J. Heglund, Jennifer Rover, Tyler L. Lewis, Mark S. Lindberg, and Joel A. Schmutz

Subjects
Hydrology, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Arctic Regions, Nitrogen, Climate Change, Lake ecosystem, Phosphorus, Permafrost, Subarctic climate, Lakes, Nutrient, Arctic, Environmental chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Ecosystem, Seasons, Leaching (agriculture), Eutrophication, Alaska, General Environmental Science, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Losses in lake area have been observed for several Arctic and Subarctic regions in recent decades, with unknown consequences for lake ecosystems. These reductions are primarily attributed to two climate-sensitive mechanisms, both of which may also cause changes in water chemistry: (i) increased imbalance of evaporation relative to inflow, whereby increased evaporation and decreased inflow act to concentrate solutes into smaller volumes; and (ii) accelerated permafrost degradation, which enhances sublacustrine drainage while simultaneously leaching previously frozen solutes into lakes. We documented changes in nutrients [total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP)] and ions (calcium, chloride, magnesium, sodium) over a 25 year interval in shrinking, stable, and expanding Subarctic lakes of the Yukon Flats, Alaska. Concentrations of all six solutes increased in shrinking lakes from 1985-1989 to 2010-2012, while simultaneously undergoing little change in stable or expanding lakes. This created a present-day pattern, much weaker or absent in the 1980s, in which shrinking lakes had higher solute concentrations than their stable or expanding counterparts. An imbalanced evaporation-to-inflow ratio (E/I) was the most likely mechanism behind such changes; all four ions, which behave semiconservatively and are prone to evapoconcentration, increased in shrinking lakes and, along with TN and TP, were positively related to isotopically derived E/I estimates. Moreover, the most conservative ion, chloride, increased >500% in shrinking lakes. Conversely, only TP concentration was related to probability of permafrost presence, being highest at intermediate probabilities. Overall, the substantial increases of nutrients (TN >200%, TP >100%) and ions (>100%) may shift shrinking lakes towards overly eutrophic or saline states, with potentially severe consequences for ecosystems of northern lakes.

Published
2014

103. Observation of s-Channel Production of Single Top Quarks at the Tevatron

Author

Aaltonen, T. Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Acharya, B. S. and Adams, M. Adams, T. Agnew, J. P. Alexeev, G. D. and Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Apollinari, G. Appel, J. A. and Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Asaadi, J. Ashmanskas, W. Askew, A. Atkins, S. Auerbach, B. Augsten, K. Aurisano, A. and Avila, C. Azfar, F. Badaud, F. Badgett, W. Bae, T. and Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, S. and Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barberis, E. Baringer, P. Barnes, V. E. and Barnett, B. A. Barria, P. Bartlett, J. F. Bartos, P. and Bassler, U. Bauce, M. Bazterra, V. Bean, A. Bedeschi, F. and Begalli, M. Behari, S. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. and Bellinger, J. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beri, S. B. and Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Bertram, I. Besanon, M. and Beuselinck, R. Bhat, P. C. Bhatia, S. Bhatnagar, V. and Bhatti, A. Bland, K. R. Blazey, G. Blessing, S. Bloom, K. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boehnlein, A. and Boline, D. Boos, E. E. Borissov, G. Bortoletto, D. and Borysova, M. Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brandt, A. Brandt, O. Brigliadori, L. Brock, R. Bromberg, C. Bross, A. and Brown, D. Brucken, E. Bu, X. B. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. and Buehler, M. Buescher, V. Bunichev, V. Burdin, S. and Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Buszello, C. P. and Butti, P. Buzatu, A. Calamba, A. Camacho-Perez, E. and Camarda, S. Campanelli, M. Canelli, F. Carls, B. and Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carrillo, S. Casal, B. Casarsa, M. Casey, B. C. K. Castilla-Valdez, H. Castro, A. and Catastini, P. Caughron, S. Cauz, D. Cavaliere, V. and Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Chakrabarti, S. and Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. Chapon, E. Chen, G. Chen, Y. C. and Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Cho, K. and Cho, S. W. Choi, S. Chokheli, D. Choudhary, B. Cihangir, S. Claes, D. Clark, A. Clarke, C. Clutter, J. and Convery, M. E. Conway, J. Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Corbo, M. Corcoran, M. Cordelli, M. Couderc, F. Cousinou, M. -C. Cox, C. A. Cox, D. J. Cremonesi, M. Cruz, D. and Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. Cutts, D. Das, A. d'Ascenzo, N. Datta, M. Davies, G. De Barbaro, P. De Jong, S. J. and De la Cruz-Burelo, E. Deliot, F. Demina, R. Demortier, L. Deninno, M. Denisov, D. Denisov, S. P. D'Errico, M. and Desai, S. Deterre, C. DeVaughan, K. Devoto, F. Di Canto, A. Di Ruzza, B. Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Ding, P. F. Dittmann, J. R. Dominguez, A. Donati, S. and D'Onofrio, M. Dorigo, M. Driutti, A. Dubey, A. Dudko, L. V. Duperrin, A. Dutt, S. Eads, M. Ebina, K. Edgar, R. Edmunds, D. Elagin, A. Ellison, J. Elvira, V. D. and Enari, Y. Erbacher, R. Errede, S. Esham, B. Evans, H. and Evdokimov, V. N. Farrington, S. Feng, L. Ferbel, T. and Ramos, J. P. Fernandez Fiedler, F. Field, R. Filthaut, F. and Fisher, W. Fisk, H. E. Flanagan, G. Forrest, R. and Fortner, M. Fox, H. Franklin, M. Freeman, J. C. Frisch, H. Fuess, S. Funakoshi, Y. Galloni, C. Garbincius, P. H. and Garcia-Bellido, A. Garca-Gonzalez, J. A. Garfinkel, A. F. and Garosi, P. Gavrilov, V. Geng, W. Gerber, C. E. and Gerberich, H. Gerchtein, E. Gershtein, Y. Giagu, S. and Giakoumopoulou, V. Gibson, K. Ginsburg, C. M. Ginther, G. and Giokaris, N. Giromini, P. Giurgiu, G. Glagolev, V. and Glenzinski, D. Gold, M. Goldin, D. Golossanov, A. and Golovanov, G. Gomez, G. Gomez-Ceballos, G. Goncharov, M. and Lopez, O. Gonzalez Gorelov, I. Goshaw, A. T. Goulianos, K. and Gramellini, E. Grannis, P. D. Greder, S. Greenlee, H. and Grenier, G. Grinstein, S. Gris, Ph. Grivaz, J. -F. and Grohsjean, A. Grosso-Pilcher, C. Group, R. C. Grunendahl, S. and Grunewald, M. W. Guillemin, T. Da Costa, J. Guimaraes and Gutierrez, G. Gutierrez, P. Hahn, S. R. Haley, J. Han, J. Y. Han, L. Happacher, F. Hara, K. Harder, K. and Hare, M. Harel, A. Harr, R. F. Harrington-Taber, T. and Hatakeyama, K. Hauptman, J. M. Hays, C. Hays, J. Head, T. Hebbeker, T. Hedin, D. Hegab, H. Heinrich, J. and Heinson, A. P. Heintz, U. Hensel, C. Heredia-De la Cruz, I. and Herndon, M. Herner, K. Hesketh, G. Hildreth, M. D. and Hirosky, R. Hoang, T. Hobbs, J. D. Hocker, A. Hoeneisen, B. Hogan, J. Hohlfeld, M. Holzbauer, J. L. Hong, Z. and Hopkins, W. Hou, S. Howley, I. Hubacek, Z. Hughes, R. E. and Husemann, U. Hussein, M. Huston, J. Hynek, V. and Iashvili, I. Ilchenko, Y. Illingworth, R. Introzzi, G. and Iori, M. Ito, A. S. Ivanov, A. Jabeen, S. Jaffre, M. and James, E. Jang, D. Jayasinghe, A. Jayatilaka, B. Jeon, E. J. Jeong, M. S. Jesik, R. Jiang, P. Jindariani, S. and Johns, K. Johnson, E. Johnson, M. Jonckheere, A. and Jones, M. Jonsson, P. Joo, K. K. Joshi, J. Jun, S. Y. and Jung, A. W. Junk, T. R. Juste, A. Kajfasz, E. and Kambeitz, M. Kamon, T. Karchin, P. E. Karmanov, D. and Kasmi, A. Kato, Y. Katsanos, I. Kehoe, R. Kermiche, S. and Ketchum, W. Keung, J. Khalatyan, N. Khanov, A. and Kharchilava, A. Kharzheev, Y. N. Kilminster, B. Kim, D. H. and Kim, H. S. Kim, J. E. Kim, M. J. Kim, S. H. Kim, S. B. Kim, Y. J. Kim, Y. K. Kimura, N. Kirby, M. and Kiselevich, I. Knoepfel, K. Kohli, J. M. Kondo, K. Kong, D. J. Konigsberg, J. Kotwal, A. V. Kozelov, A. V. Kraus, J. Kreps, M. Kroll, J. Kruse, M. Kuhr, T. Kumar, A. and Kupco, A. Kurata, M. Kurca, T. Kuzmin, V. A. and Laasanen, A. T. Lammel, S. Lammers, S. Lancaster, M. and Lannon, K. Latino, G. Lebrun, P. Lee, H. S. Lee, H. S. and Lee, J. S. Lee, S. W. Lee, W. M. Lei, X. Lellouch, J. Leo, S. Leone, S. Lewis, J. D. Li, D. Li, H. and Li, L. Li, Q. Z. Lim, J. K. Limosani, A. Lincoln, D. and Linnemann, J. Lipaev, V. V. Lipeles, E. Lipton, R. and Lister, A. Liu, H. Liu, H. Liu, Q. Liu, T. Liu, Y. and Lobodenko, A. Lockwitz, S. Loginov, A. Lokajicek, M. and De Sa, R. Lopes Lucchesi, D. Luca, A. Lueck, J. Lujan, P. Lukens, P. Luna-Garcia, R. Lungu, G. Lyon, A. L. and Lys, J. Lysak, R. Maciel, A. K. A. Madar, R. Madrak, R. and Maestro, P. Magana-Villalba, R. Malik, S. Malik, S. and Malyshev, V. L. Manca, G. Manousakis-Katsikakis, A. Mansour, J. Marchese, L. Margaroli, F. Marino, P. and Martinez-Ortega, J. Martinez, M. Matera, K. Mattson, M. E. and Mazzacane, A. Mazzanti, P. McCarthy, R. McGivern, C. L. and McNulty, R. Mehta, A. Mehtala, P. Meijer, M. M. and Melnitchouk, A. Menezes, D. Mercadante, P. G. Merkin, M. and Mesropian, C. Meyer, A. Meyer, J. Miao, T. Miconi, F. and Mietlicki, D. Mitra, A. Miyake, H. Moed, S. Moggi, N. Mondal, N. K. Moon, C. S. Moore, R. Morello, M. J. and Mukherjee, A. Mulhearn, M. Muller, Th. Murat, P. and Mussini, M. Nachtman, J. Nagai, Y. Naganoma, J. Nagy, E. and Nakano, I. Napier, A. Narain, M. Nayyar, R. Neal, H. A. Negret, J. P. Nett, J. Neu, C. Neustroev, P. and Nguyen, H. T. Nigmanov, T. Nodulman, L. Noh, S. Y. and Norniella, O. Nunnemann, T. Oakes, L. Oh, S. H. Oh, Y. D. Oksuzian, I. Okusawa, T. Orava, R. Orduna, J. and Ortolan, L. Osman, N. Osta, J. Pagliarone, C. Pal, A. and Palencia, E. Palni, P. Papadimitriou, V. Parashar, N. and Parihar, V. Park, S. K. Parker, W. Partridge, R. and Parua, N. Patwa, A. Pauletta, G. Paulini, M. Paus, C. and Penning, B. Perfilov, M. Peters, Y. Petridis, K. and Petrillo, G. Petroff, P. Phillips, T. J. Piacentino, G. and Pianori, E. Pilot, J. Pitts, K. Plager, C. Pleier, M. -A. Podstavkov, V. M. Pondrom, L. Popov, A. V. Poprocki, S. Potamianos, K. Pranko, A. Prewitt, M. Price, D. and Prokopenko, N. Prokoshin, F. Ptohos, F. Punzi, G. Qian, J. Quadt, A. Quinn, B. Ranjan, N. Ratoff, P. N. and Razumov, I. Fernandez, I. Redondo Renton, P. Rescigno, M. and Rimondi, F. Ripp-Baudot, I. Ristori, L. Rizatdinova, F. and Robson, A. Rodriguez, T. Rolli, S. Rominsky, M. and Ronzani, M. Roser, R. Rosner, J. L. Ross, A. Royon, C. and Rubinov, P. Ruchti, R. Ruffini, F. Ruiz, A. Russ, J. and Rusu, V. Sajot, G. Sakumoto, W. K. Sakurai, Y. and Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Santi, L. Santos, A. S. and Sato, K. Savage, G. Saveliev, V. Savoy-Navarro, A. and Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. Schamberger, R. D. Scheglov, Y. and Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. Schmidt, E. E. Schwanenberger, C. Schwarz, T. Schwienhorst, R. Scodellaro, L. Scuri, F. and Seidel, S. Seiya, Y. Sekaric, J. Semenov, A. and Severini, H. Sforza, F. Shabalina, E. Shalhout, S. Z. and Shary, V. Shaw, S. Shchukin, A. A. Shears, T. Shepard, P. F. Shimojima, M. Shochet, M. Shreyber-Tecker, I. and Simak, V. Simonenko, A. Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Sliwa, K. Smirnov, D. Smith, J. R. Snider, F. D. Snow, G. R. and Snow, J. Snyder, S. Soldner-Rembold, S. Song, H. and Sonnenschein, L. Sorin, V. Soustruznik, K. Denis, R. St. and Stancari, M. Stark, J. Stentz, D. Stoyanova, D. A. and Strauss, M. Strologas, J. Sudo, Y. Sukhanov, A. Suslov, I. Suter, L. Svoisky, P. Takemasa, K. Takeuchi, Y. and Tang, J. Tecchio, M. Teng, P. K. Thom, J. Thomson, E. and Thukral, V. Titov, M. Toback, D. Tokar, S. Tokmenin, V. V. Tollefson, K. Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Torre, S. and Torretta, D. Totaro, P. Trovato, M. Tsai, Y. -T. and Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Ukegawa, F. Uozumi, S. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Van Kooten, R. and Van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vasilyev, I. A. and Vazquez, F. Velev, G. Vellidis, C. Verkheev, A. Y. and Vernieri, C. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Vesterinen, M. and Vidal, M. Vilanova, D. Vilar, R. Vizan, J. Vogel, M. and Vokac, P. Volpi, G. Wagner, P. Wahl, H. D. Wallny, R. Wang, M. H. L. S. Wang, S. M. Warchol, J. Waters, D. and Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weichert, J. Welty-Rieger, L. and Wester, III, W. C. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wilbur, S. and Williams, H. H. Williams, M. R. J. Wilson, G. W. Wilson, J. S. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wobisch, M. and Wolbers, S. Wolfe, H. Wood, D. R. Wright, T. Wu, X. and Wu, Z. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Yamada, R. Yamamoto, K. and Yamato, D. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. and Yao, W. -M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Ye, W. Ye, Z. Yeh, G. P. Yi, K. Yin, H. Yip, K. Yoh, J. and Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Youn, S. W. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. and Yu, J. M. Zanetti, A. M. Zeng, Y. Zennamo, J. Zhao, T. G. Zhou, B. Zhou, C. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. and Zieminska, D. Zivkovic, L. Zucchelli, S. CDF Collaboration and DO Collaboration

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

We report the first observation of single-top-quark production in the s channel through the combination of the CDF and D0 measurements of the cross section in proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The data correspond to total integrated luminosities of up to 9.7 fb(-1) per experiment. The measured cross section is sigma(s) = 1.29(-0.24)(+0.26) pb. The probability of observing a statistical fluctuation of the background to a cross section of the observed size or larger is 1.8 x 10(-10), corresponding to a significance of 6.3 standard deviations for the presence of an s-channel contribution to the production of single-top quarks.

Published
2014

104. Combination of measurements of the top-quark pair production cross section from the Tevatron Collider

Author

Aaltonen, T. Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Acharya, B. S. and Adams, M. Adams, T. Agnew, J. P. Alexeev, G. D. and Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Apollinari, G. Appel, J. A. and Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Asaadi, J. Ashmanskas, W. Askew, A. Atkins, S. Auerbach, B. Augsten, K. Aurisano, A. and Avila, C. Azfar, F. Badaud, F. Badgett, W. Bae, T. and Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, S. and Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barberis, E. Baringer, P. Barnes, V. E. and Barnett, B. A. Barria, P. Bartlett, J. F. Bartos, P. and Bassler, U. Bauce, M. Bazterra, V. Bean, A. Bedeschi, F. and Begalli, M. Behari, S. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. and Bellinger, J. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beri, S. B. and Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. and Beuselinck, R. Bhat, P. C. Bhatia, S. Bhatnagar, V. and Bhatti, A. Bland, K. R. Blazey, G. Blessing, S. Bloom, K. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boehnlein, A. and Boline, D. Boos, E. E. Borissov, G. Bortoletto, D. and Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brandt, A. Brandt, O. and Brigliadori, L. Brock, R. Bromberg, C. Bross, A. Brown, D. Brucken, E. Bu, X. B. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. and Buehler, M. Buescher, V. Bunichev, V. Burdin, S. and Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Buszello, C. P. and Butti, P. Buzatu, A. Calamba, A. Camacho-Perez, E. and Camarda, S. Campanelli, M. Canelli, F. Carls, B. and Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carrillo, S. Casal, B. Casarsa, M. Casey, B. C. K. Castilla-Valdez, H. Castro, A. and Catastini, P. Caughron, S. Cauz, D. Cavaliere, V. and Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Chakrabarti, S. and Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. Chapon, E. Chen, G. Chen, Y. C. and Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Cho, K. and Cho, S. W. Choi, S. Chokheli, D. Choudhary, B. Cihangir, S. Claes, D. Clark, A. Clarke, C. Clutter, J. and Convery, M. E. Conway, J. Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Corbo, M. Corcoran, M. Cordelli, M. Couderc, F. Cousinou, M. -C. Cox, C. A. Cox, D. J. Cremonesi, M. Cruz, D. and Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. Cutts, D. Das, A. d'Ascenzo, N. Datta, M. Davies, G. de Barbaro, P. de Jong, S. J. and De La Cruz-Burelo, E. Deliot, F. Demina, R. Demortier, L. Deninno, M. Denisov, D. Denisov, S. P. D'Errico, M. and Desai, S. Deterre, C. DeVaughan, K. Devoto, F. Di Canto, A. Di Ruzza, B. Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Ding, P. F. Dittmann, J. R. Dominguez, A. Donati, S. and D'Onofrio, M. Dorigo, M. Driutti, A. Dubey, A. Dudko, L. V. Duperrin, A. Dutt, S. Eads, M. Ebina, K. Edgar, R. Edmunds, D. Elagin, A. Ellison, J. Elvira, V. D. and Enari, Y. Erbacher, R. Errede, S. Esham, B. Evans, H. and Evdokimov, V. N. Farrington, S. Feng, L. Ferbel, T. and Fernandez Ramos, J. P. Fiedler, F. Field, R. Filthaut, F. and Fisher, W. Fisk, H. E. Flanagan, G. Forrest, R. and Fortner, M. Fox, H. Franklin, M. Freeman, J. C. Frisch, H. Fuess, S. Funakoshi, Y. Galloni, C. Garbincius, P. H. and Garcia-Bellido, A. Garcia-Gonzalez, J. A. Garfinkel, A. F. and Garosi, P. Gavrilov, V. Geng, W. Gerber, C. E. and Gerberich, H. Gerchtein, E. Gershtein, Y. Giagu, S. and Giakoumopoulou, V. Gibson, K. Ginsburg, C. M. Ginther, G. and Giokaris, N. Giromini, P. Giurgiu, G. Glagolev, V. and Glenzinski, D. Gold, M. Goldin, D. Golossanov, A. and Golovanov, G. Gomez, G. Gomez-Ceballos, G. Goncharov, M. and Gonzalez Lopez, O. Gorelov, I. Goshaw, A. T. Goulianos, K. and Gramellini, E. Grannis, P. D. Greder, S. Greenlee, H. and Grenier, G. Grinstein, S. Gris, Ph. Grivaz, J. -F. and Grohsjean, A. Grosso-Pilcher, C. Group, R. C. Gruenendahl, S. Gruenewald, M. W. Guillemin, T. da Costa, J. Guimaraes and Gutierrez, G. Gutierrez, P. Hahn, S. R. Haley, J. and Han, J. Y. Han, L. Happacher, F. Hara, K. Harder, K. and Hare, M. Harel, A. Harr, R. F. Harrington-Taber, T. and Hatakeyama, K. Hauptman, J. M. Hays, C. Hays, J. Head, T. Hebbeker, T. Hedin, D. Hegab, H. Heinrich, J. and Heinson, A. P. Heintz, U. Hensel, C. Heredia-De la Cruz, I. and Herndon, M. Herner, K. Hesketh, G. Hildreth, M. D. and Hirosky, R. Hoang, T. Hobbs, J. D. Hocker, A. Hoeneisen, B. Hogan, J. Hohlfeld, M. Holzbauer, J. L. Hong, Z. and Hopkins, W. Hou, S. Howley, I. Hubacek, Z. Hughes, R. E. and Husemann, U. Hussein, M. Huston, J. Hynek, V. and Iashvili, I. Ilchenko, Y. Illingworth, R. Introzzi, G. and Iori, M. Ito, A. S. Ivanov, A. Jabeen, S. Jaffre, M. and James, E. Jang, D. Jayasinghe, A. Jayatilaka, B. Jeon, E. J. Jeong, M. S. Jesik, R. Jiang, P. Jindariani, S. and Johns, K. Johnson, E. Johnson, M. Jonckheere, A. and Jones, M. Jonsson, P. Joo, K. K. Joshi, J. Jun, S. Y. and Jung, A. W. Junk, T. R. Juste, A. Kajfasz, E. and Kambeitz, M. Kamon, T. Karchin, P. E. Karmanov, D. and Kasmi, A. Kato, Y. Katsanos, I. Kehoe, R. Kermiche, S. and Ketchum, W. Keung, J. Khalatyan, N. Khanov, A. and Kharchilava, A. Kharzheev, Y. N. Kilminster, B. Kim, D. H. and Kim, H. S. Kim, J. E. Kim, M. J. Kim, S. H. Kim, S. B. Kim, Y. J. Kim, Y. K. Kimura, N. Kirby, M. and Kiselevich, I. Knoepfel, K. Kohli, J. M. Kondo, K. Kong, D. J. Konigsberg, J. Kotwal, A. V. Kozelov, A. V. Kraus, J. Kreps, M. Kroll, J. Kruse, M. Kuhr, T. Kumar, A. and Kupco, A. Kurata, M. Kurca, T. Kuzmin, V. A. and Laasanen, A. T. Lammel, S. Lammers, S. Lancaster, M. and Lannon, K. Latino, G. Lebrun, P. Lee, H. S. Lee, H. S. and Lee, J. S. Lee, S. W. Lee, W. M. Lei, X. Lellouch, J. Leo, S. Leone, S. Lewis, J. D. Li, D. Li, H. and Li, L. Li, Q. Z. Lim, J. K. Limosani, A. Lincoln, D. and Linnemann, J. Lipaev, V. V. Lipeles, E. Lipton, R. and Lister, A. Liu, H. Liu, H. Liu, Q. Liu, T. Liu, Y. and Lobodenko, A. Lockwitz, S. Loginov, A. Lokajicek, M. and de Sa, R. Lopes Lucchesi, D. Luca, A. Lueck, J. Lujan, P. Lukens, P. Luna-Garcia, R. Lungu, G. Lyon, A. L. and Lys, J. Lysak, R. Maciel, A. K. A. Madar, R. Madrak, R. and Maestro, P. Magana-Villalba, R. Malik, S. Malik, S. and Malyshev, V. L. Manca, G. Manousakis-Katsikakis, A. Mansour, J. Marchese, L. Margaroli, F. Marino, P. and Martinez-Ortega, J. Martinez, M. Matera, K. Mattson, M. E. and Mazzacane, A. Mazzanti, P. McCarthy, R. McGivern, C. L. and McNulty, R. Mehta, A. Mehtala, P. Meijer, M. M. and Melnitchouk, A. Menezes, D. Mercadante, P. G. Merkin, M. and Mesropian, C. Meyer, A. Meyer, J. Miao, T. Miconi, F. and Mietlicki, D. Mitra, A. Miyake, H. Moed, S. Moggi, N. Mondal, N. K. Moon, C. S. Moore, R. Morello, M. J. and Mukherjee, A. Mulhearn, M. Muller, Th. Murat, P. and Mussini, M. Nachtman, J. Nagai, Y. Naganoma, J. Nagy, E. and Nakano, I. Napier, A. Narain, M. Nayyar, R. Neal, H. A. Negret, J. P. Nett, J. Neu, C. Neustroev, P. and Nguyen, H. T. Nigmanov, T. Nodulman, L. Noh, S. Y. and Norniella, O. Nunnemann, T. Oakes, L. Oh, S. H. Oh, Y. D. Oksuzian, I. Okusawa, T. Orava, R. Orduna, J. and Ortolan, L. Osman, N. Osta, J. Pagliarone, C. Pal, A. and Palencia, E. Palni, P. Papadimitriou, V. Parashar, N. and Parihar, V. Park, S. K. Parker, W. Partridge, R. and Parua, N. Patwa, A. Pauletta, G. Paulini, M. Paus, C. and Penning, B. Perfilov, M. Peters, Y. Petridis, K. and Petrillo, G. Petroff, P. Phillips, T. J. Piacentino, G. and Pianori, E. Pilot, J. Pitts, K. Plager, C. Pleier, M. -A. Podstavkov, V. M. Pondrom, L. Popov, A. V. Poprocki, S. Potamianos, K. Pranko, A. Prewitt, M. Price, D. and Prokopenko, N. Prokoshin, F. Ptohos, F. Punzi, G. Qian, J. Quadt, A. Quinn, B. Ranjan, N. Ratoff, P. N. and Razumov, I. Redondo Fernandez, I. Renton, P. Rescigno, M. and Rimondi, F. Ripp-Baudot, I. Ristori, L. Rizatdinova, F. and Robson, A. Rodriguez, T. Rolli, S. Rominsky, M. and Ronzani, M. Roser, R. Rosner, J. L. Ross, A. Royon, C. and Rubinov, P. Ruchti, R. Ruffini, F. Ruiz, A. Russ, J. and Rusu, V. Sajot, G. Sakumoto, W. K. Sakurai, Y. and Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Santi, L. Santos, A. S. and Sato, K. Savage, G. Saveliev, V. Savoy-Navarro, A. and Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. Schamberger, R. D. Scheglov, Y. and Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. Schmidt, E. E. Schwanenberger, C. Schwarz, T. Schwienhorst, R. Scodellaro, L. Scuri, F. and Seidel, S. Seiya, Y. Sekaric, J. Semenov, A. and Severini, H. Sforza, F. Shabalina, E. Shalhout, S. Z. and Shary, V. Shaw, S. Shchukin, A. A. Shears, T. Shepard, P. F. Shimojima, M. Shochet, M. Shreyber-Tecker, I. and Simak, V. Simonenko, A. Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Sliwa, K. Smirnov, D. Smith, J. R. Snider, F. D. Snow, G. R. and Snow, J. Snyder, S. Soeldner-Rembold, S. Song, H. and Sonnenschein, L. Sorin, V. Soustruznik, K. St Denis, R. and Stancari, M. Stark, J. Stentz, D. Stoyanova, D. A. and Strauss, M. Strologas, J. Sudo, Y. Sukhanov, A. Suslov, I. Suter, L. Svoisky, P. Takemasa, K. Takeuchi, Y. and Tang, J. Tecchio, M. Teng, P. K. Thom, J. Thomson, E. and Thukral, V. Titov, M. Toback, D. Tokar, S. Tokmenin, V. V. Tollefson, K. Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Torre, S. and Torretta, D. Totaro, P. Trovato, M. Tsai, Y. -T. and Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Ukegawa, F. Uozumi, S. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Van Kooten, R. and van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vasilyev, I. A. and Vazquez, F. Velev, G. Vellidis, C. Verkheev, A. Y. and Vernieri, C. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Vesterinen, M. and Vidal, M. Vilanova, D. Vilar, R. Vizan, J. Vogel, M. and Vokac, P. Volpi, G. Wagner, P. Wahl, H. D. Wallny, R. Wang, M. H. L. S. Wang, S. M. Warchol, J. Waters, D. and Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weichert, J. Welty-Rieger, L. and Wester, III, W. C. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wilbur, S. and Williams, H. H. Williams, M. R. J. Wilson, G. W. Wilson, J. S. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wobisch, M. and Wolbers, S. Wolfe, H. Wood, D. R. Wright, T. Wu, X. and Wu, Z. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Yamada, R. Yamamoto, K. and Yamato, D. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. and Yao, W. -M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Ye, W. Ye, Z. Yeh, G. P. Yi, K. Yin, H. Yip, K. Yoh, J. and Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Youn, S. W. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. and Yu, J. M. Zanetti, A. M. Zeng, Y. Zennamo, J. Zhao, T. G. Zhou, B. Zhou, C. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. and Zieminska, D. Zivkovic, L. Zucchelli, S. CDF Collaboration and D0 Collaboration

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

We combine six measurements of the inclusive top-quark pair (t(sic)) production cross section (sigma(t)(sic)) from data collected with the CDF and D0 detectors at the Fermilab Tevatron with proton-antiproton collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of up to 8.8 fb(-1). We obtain a value of sigma tt = 7.60 +/- 0.41 pb for a top-quark mass of m(t) = 172.5 GeV. The contributions to the uncertainty are 0.20 pb from statistical sources, 0.29 pb from systematic sources, and 0.21 pb from the uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The result is in good agreement with the standard model expectation of 7.35(-0.33)(+0.28) pb at next-to-next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to leading logarithms in perturbative QCD.

Published
2014

105. Multiwavelength Monitoring of the Narrow‐Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy Arakelian 564. III. Optical Observations and the Optical–UV–X‐Ray Connection

Author

M. H. Lannon, C. J. Taylor, W. Brinkmann, Bradley M. Peterson, P. Romano, T. L. Jewell, S. G. Sergeev, V. I. Pronik, C. M. Gaskell, Shai Kaspi, K. A. Crowley, H. Netzer, Zheng Zheng, S. Collier, Paul Martini, G. M. Stirpe, M. E. Hiller, K. S. Rumstay, I. Papamastorakis, E. Detsis, Mario Gliozzi, I. E. Papadakis, B. W. Peterson, R. W. Pogge, Philip Uttley, Hitoshi Negoro, Marianne Vestergaard, K. von Braun, S. Mathur, Alexei V. Filippenko, Ohad Shemmer, E. S. Klimek, Wei Li, R. Bertram, Richard R. Treffers, T. J. Turner, Robert Wagner, T. A. George, and E. A. Sergeeva

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), X-ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Light curve, 01 natural sciences, Monitoring program, Galaxy, Wavelength, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Optical emission spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

We present the results of a two-year long optical monitoring program of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Akn 564. The majority of this monitoring project was also covered by X-ray observations (RXTE) and for a period of ~50 days, we observed the galaxy in UV (HST) and X-rays (RXTE & ASCA) simultaneously with the ground-based observations. Rapid and large-amplitude variations seen in the X-ray band, on a daily and hourly time-scale, were not detected at optical and UV wavelengths, which in turn exhibited much lower variability either on short (one day) or long (several months) time-scales. The only significant optical variations can be described as two 2--4 day events with ~10% flux variations. We detect no significant optical line variations and thus cannot infer a reverberation size for the broad-line region. Similarly, the large X-ray variations seem to vanish when the light curve is smoothed over a period of 30 days. The UV continuum follows the X-rays with a lag of ~0.4 days, and the optical band lags the UV band by ~2 days. No significant correlation was found between the entire X-ray dataset and the optical band. Focusing on a 20-day interval around the strongest optical event we detect a significant X-ray--optical correlation with similar events seen in the UV and X-rays. Our data are consistent with reprocessing models on the grounds of the energy emitted in this single event. However, several large X-ray flares produced no corresponding optical emission., 10 pages, 6 figures included, LaTeX emulateapj5.sty, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal

Published
2001

106. Biology of a Willow Leafblotch Miner,Micrurapteryx salicifoliella, (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Alaska

Author

Malcolm M. Furniss, Edward H. Holsten, Mark R. Bertram, and M. Joan Foote

Subjects
Micrurapteryx salicifoliella, Larva, Willow, Ecology, biology, media_common.quotation_subject, fungi, Insect, biology.organism_classification, Lepidoptera genitalia, Insect Science, Botany, Instar, Gracillariidae, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common
Abstract

During 1991–1993 and 1998–1999, a leafblotch miner, Micrurapteryx salicifoliella (Chambers), infested willows (Salix spp.) throughout a vast area in drainages of the Yukon and Kuskokwim Rivers, AK. The insect’s biology had not been studied and it was unknown from Alaska. Eggs were laid singly, cemented to the epidermis of undersides of leaves. Hatched larvae mined directly into leaves beneath the chorion. Five instars occurred. Mining by the first three instars created little external evidence of their presence. Fourth and fifth instars, however, created conspicuous necrotic, reddish, blotches that often covered the upper leaf surface of susceptible host willows. Mature larvae exited through slits made on the undersides of leaves and spun cocoons on either leaf surface before pupating from mid-July into August. Adults emerged in late July and August and overwintered in that stage. Ten species of willows were infested, severity of which differed somewhat between localities and species. Feltleaf wi...

Published
2001

107. [Untitled]

Author

Jason M. Daida, Stephen A. Stanhope, Robert R. Bertram, Omer A. Chaudhri, John A. Ii Polito, Shahbaz A. Chaudhary, and Jonathan C. Khoo

Subjects
Difficult problem, Process (engineering), business.industry, Computer science, Fitness landscape, Genetic programming, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Computer Science Applications, Theoretical Computer Science, Hardware and Architecture, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, Software
Abstract

This paper addresses the issue of what makes a problem genetic programming (GP)-hard by considering the binomial-3 problem. In the process, we discuss the efficacy of the metaphor of an adaptive fitness landscape to explain what is GP-hard. We indicate that, at least for this problem, the metaphor is misleading.

Published
2001

108. DISCONNECTION OF A BASAL GANGLIA CIRCUIT IN JUVENILE SONGBIRDS ATTENUATES THE SPECTRAL DIFFERENTIATION OF SONG SYLLABLES

Author

K.C. Elliott, W. Wu, R. Bertram, and F. Johnson

Subjects
Ablation Techniques, Cerebral Cortex, Male, Neurons, Analysis of Variance, Auditory Pathways, Time Factors, Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus, Article, Basal Ganglia, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience, Acoustic Stimulation, Thalamus, behavior and behavior mechanisms, Auditory Perception, Animals, Learning, Female, Finches, Vocalization, Animal, psychological phenomena and processes, Psychoacoustics
Abstract

Similar to language acquisition by human infants, juvenile male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) imitate an adult (tutor) song by transitioning from repetitive production of one or two undifferentiated protosyllables to the sequential production of a larger and spectrally heterogeneous set of syllables. The primary motor region that controls learned song is driven by a confluence of input from two pre-motor pathways: a posterior pathway that encodes the adult song syllables and an anterior pathway that includes a basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuit. Like mammalian motor-learning systems, the songbird basal ganglia (BG) circuit is thought to be necessary for shaping juvenile vocal behavior (undifferentiated protosyllables) towards specific targets (the tutor’s song syllables). Here, we tested the hypothesis that anterior pathway activity contributes to the process of protosyllable differentiation. Bilateral ablation of LMAN (lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium) was used to disconnect BG circuitry at ages prior to protosyllable production and differentiation. Comparison to surgical controls revealed that protosyllables fail to differentiate in birds that received juvenile LMAN ablation – the adult songs of birds with >80% bilateral LMAN ablation consisted of only one or two syllables produced with the repetitive form and spectral structure that characterizes undifferentiated protosyllables in normal juveniles. Our findings support a role for BG circuitry in shaping juvenile vocal behavior towards the acoustic structure of the tutor song and suggest that posterior pathway function remains in an immature ‘default’ state when developmental interaction with the anterior pathway is reduced or eliminated.

Published
2013

109. The R Aquarii Jet in Hindsight

Author

R. Bertram, R. M. Wagner, C. O. Lampland, and Jan M. Hollis

Subjects
Physics, Jet (fluid), Observational evidence, R Aquarii, Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics
Abstract

The nebulosity surrounding R Aquarii was digitized from optical photographic plates obtained from the Lowell Observatory archive. These data, which span the period 1921-1950, suggest that the R Aqr jet, which was first observed and reported in the 1970s, was already affecting the inner compact nebulosity at earlier epochs. These results are the first observational evidence of an earlier origin for the R Aqr jet and, as such, are consistent with an estimated jet age of ~100 yr as determined from the proper motions of the oldest radio-jet components.

Published
1999

110. Characterization of threading dislocations in GaN using low-temperature aqueous KOH etching and atomic force microscopy

Author

C. Arena, Subhash Mahajan, C. Werkhoven, I. Han, R. Bertram, Ranjan Datta, and E. Lindow

Subjects
Materials science, Aqueous solution, Mechanical Engineering, Metals and Alloys, Analytical chemistry, Conductive atomic force microscopy, Condensed Matter Physics, Epitaxy, Characterization (materials science), Mechanics of Materials, Etching (microfabrication), Sapphire, General Materials Science, Dislocation, Photoconductive atomic force microscopy
Abstract

We report a reliable and quick method for detecting threading dislocations (TDs) in GaN epitaxial layers grown on (0 0 0 1) sapphire using aqueous KOH etching maintained at 80 °C for 10 min. Atomic force microscopy characterization of topological profiles associated with etch-pits reveal asymmetric and symmetric surface topologies. It is argued that high and low asymmetric profiles are associated with a and a + c type TDs, whereas symmetric profiles are caused by c type TDs.

Published
2008

111. Steps toward Determination of the Size and Structure of the Broad‐Line Region in Active Galactic Nuclei. XIV. Intensive Optical Spectrophotometric Observations of NGC 7469

Author

G. M. Stirpe, Yu. F. Malkov, C. M. Gaskell, Stephanie A. Snedden, V. I. Pronik, S. G. Sergeev, Keith Horne, N. G. Bochkarev, D. Maoz, Tal Alexander, Alla I. Shapovalova, Hagai Netzer, Andrea Comastri, Stefan Collier, A. N. Burenkov, Richard W. Pogge, R. Bertram, M. Mignoli, R. M. Wagner, Shai Kaspi, Bradley M. Peterson, and Ignaz Wanders

Subjects
Physics, Supermassive black hole, Active galactic nucleus, Astronomy, Balmer series, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Virial mass, Astrophysics, Galaxy, symbols.namesake, Amplitude, Space and Planetary Science, Temporal resolution, symbols, Emission spectrum
Abstract

We present results of an intensive 2 month campaign of ground-based spectrophotometric monitoring of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 7469, with a temporal resolution 1 day. The broad Hα and Hβ emission lines respond to ~35% ultraviolet continuum variations with an amplitude of ~10% and time delays of 5.6 ± 1.3 days and 5.4 ± 0.8 days, respectively. We interpret this as evidence of variable Balmer line gas ~5-6 light days from the central source in this object, widely believed to be a supermassive black hole. The virial mass of the central source implied by line widths and time delays is ~106-107 M☉. Concomitantly, we find evidence for wavelength-dependent continuum time delays: optical continuum variations lag those at 1315 A by 1.0 ± 0.3 days at 4865 A to 1.5 ± 0.7 days at 6962 A. This suggests a stratified continuum reprocessing region extending several light days from the central source, possibly an accretion disk.

Published
1998

112. Steps toward Determination of the Size and Structure of the Broad‐Line Region in Active Galactic Nuclei. XII. Ground‐based Monitoring of 3C 390.3

Author

M. Dietrich, B. M. Peterson, P. Albrecht, M. Altmann, A. J. Barth, P. J. Bennie, R. Bertram, N. G. Bochkarev, H. Bock, J. M. Braun, A. Burenkov, S. Collier, L.‐Z. Fang, O. P. Francis, A. V. Filippenko, C. B. Foltz, W. Gassler, C. M. Gaskell, M. Geffert, K. K. Ghosh, R. W. Hilditch, R. K. Honeycutt, K. Horne, J. P. Huchra, S. Kaspi, M. Kummel, K. M. Leighly, D. C. Leonard, Yu. F. Malkov, V. Mikhailov, H. R. Miller, A. C. Morrill, J. Noble, P. T. O'Brien, T. D. Oswalt, S. P. Pebley, M. Pfeiffer, V. I. Pronik, B.‐C. Qian, J. W. Robertson, A. Robinson, K. S. Rumstay, J. Schmoll, S. G. Sergeev, E. A. Sergeeva, A. I. Shapovalova, D. R. Skillman, S. A. Snedden, S. Soundararajaperumal, G. M. Stirpe, J. Tao, G. W. Turner, R. M. Wagner, S. J. Wagner, J. Y. Wei, H. Wu, W. Zheng, and Z. L. Zou

Subjects
Physics, Active galactic nucleus, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Continuum (design consultancy), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, medicine.disease_cause, Spectral line, Wavelength, Amplitude, Space and Planetary Science, medicine, Optical emission spectroscopy, Ultraviolet, Line (formation)
Abstract

Results of a ground-based optical monitoring campaign on 3C 390.3 in 1994-95 are presented. The broad-band fluxes (B, V, R, and I), the spectrophotometric optical continuum flux F(5177) and the integrated emission-line fluxes of Ha, Hb, Hg, HeI, and HeII all show a nearly monotonic increase with episodes of milder short-term variations superposed. The amplitude of the continuum variations increases with decreasing wavelength (4400-9000 A). The optical continuum variations follow the variations in the ultraviolet and X-ray with time delays, measured from the centroids of the cross- correlation functions, typically around 5 days, but with uncertainties also typically around 5 days; zero time delay between the high-energy and low-energy continuum variations cannot be ruled out. The strong optical emission lines Ha, Hb, Hg, and HeI respond to the high-energy continuum variations with time delays typically about 20 days, with uncertainties of about 8 days. There is some evidence that HeII responds somewhat more rapidly, with a time delay of around 10 days, but again, the uncertainties are quite large (~8 days). The mean and rms spectra of the Ha and Hb line profiles provide indications for the existence of at least three distinct components located at +-4000 and 0 km/s relative to the line peak. The emission-line profile variations are largest near line center., Comment: 42 pages (Latex), 13 figures, 14 tables

Published
1998

113. MgAPO molecular sieves of CHA and AFI structure — Acidity and Mg ordering

Author

B. Parlitz, U. Lohse, R. Bertram, E. Schreier, Rolf Fricke, and D. Müller

Subjects
Chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, General Engineering, Analytical chemistry, Infrared spectroscopy, Sorption, General Chemistry, Cyclohexylamine, Molecular sieve, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, law, Desorption, General Materials Science, Crystallization, Thermal analysis
Abstract

Magnesium containing molecular sieves, viz. MgAPO-44, MgAPO-34 (CHA) and MgAPO-5 (AFI), were prepared with cyclohexylamine (structures 44 and 5) and tetraethylammonium hydroxide (structure 34) as templating agents. The crystallization was performed at 473 K by means of a microwave power system. The samples were characterized by chemical analysis, thermal analysis, adsorption measurements, calorimetric measurement of the differential molar heat of NH 3 sorption, temperature-programmed NH 3 desorption, infrared spectroscopy and MAS NMR spectroscopy. For the as-synthesized samples, up to 7.7 wt% of MgO is incorporated into lattice positions of the CHA structure and substitutes aluminum. The relative intensities of the deconvoluted 31 P NMR signals of the as-synthesized chabazite-like samples (MgAPO-44 and MgAPO-34) depend on the type of templating molecules. The calcined samples (723 K), however, showed nearly identical results which could be interpreted in terms of different 31 P(4 n Al, n Mg) environments. A random distribution of the Mg atoms is deduced from the NMR results. The incorporation of Mg creates isolated bridging hydroxyls. The temperature of the structure collapse decreases with increasing Mg content.

Published
1997

114. Hydrothermally resistant high-silica Y zeolites stabilized by covering with non-framework aluminum species

Author

R. Bertram, W. Lutz, W. Gessner, R. Fricke, and I. Pitsch

Subjects
Materials science, Inorganic chemistry, General Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Alkali metal, Hydrothermal circulation, High silica, Crystal, chemistry, Aluminosilicate, Aluminium, Molecule, General Materials Science, Zeolite
Abstract

The hydrothermal stability of high-silica Y zeolites dealuminated by Al/Si substitution may be increased by alumination of the crystal surface. The externally introduced non-framework aluminum species — alkali aluminosilicates or alumina — cover the surface where the water molecules attack the terminal OH groups and energy-rich Si-O-Si bonds. An alkaline and combined acid/alkaline pathway of alumination are suggested. A reinsertion of aluminum into the zeolite lattice could not be observed.

Published
1997

115. Broad Emission‐Line Variability in Markarian 335

Author

R. Mark Wagner, Richard W. Pogge, R. Bertram, Tina Marie Kassebaum, Bradley M. Peterson, and Ignaz Wanders

Subjects
Root mean square, Physics, Time delays, Space and Planetary Science, Ionization, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Emission spectrum, Astrophysics, Monitoring program, Galaxy, Spectral line, Full width
Abstract

We present the results of 6 years of spectroscopic monitoring of the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 335. Each year, the observations span 5¨7 months at a nominal sampling rate of one observation per week. Analysis of the spectroscopic observations shows clear coordinated variability in the continuum and in the broad Hb and He II j4686 emission lines. The principal goal of this monitoring program is to measure the time delay between the continuum variations and the corresponding responses of the broad Hb and He II emission lines. We derive time delays of D17 days for Hb and D2 days for He II. From the spectral time series we construct average, root mean square, and diUerence spectra, which show that the broad Hb variations are con—ned to the core of the broad emission lines, whereas the He II varia- tions take place across the full width of the pro—le. The He II emission line is about twice as broad as the Hb line. Comparison of the He II and Hb lags and line widths indicates that the BLR has a radially strati—ed ionization structure and that the highest velocity gas is closest to the continuum source. We also —nd no evidence for correlation between the line pro—le variations and the continuum and emission- line —ux variations, as has been found in other cases. Rather, the line pro—le variations seem to imply dynamical changes in the BLR. Subject headings: galaxies: activegalaxies: individual (Markarian 335) ¨ galaxies: Seyfert

Published
1997

116. Transarticular joint reconstruction and indirect plate osteosynthesis for complex distal supracondylar femoral fractures

Author

H. Tscherne, R. Bertram, W. Holmes, Theodore Miclau, Christian Krettek, and Peter Schandelmaier

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Knee Injuries, Bone healing, Condyle, Fracture Fixation, Internal, Fixation (surgical), medicine, Humans, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures, Femur, Prospective Studies, Aged, General Environmental Science, Arthrotomy, Osteosynthesis, business.industry, Middle Aged, musculoskeletal system, Surgery, Radiography, Plate osteosynthesis, Orthopedic surgery, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Female, business, Bone Plates, Femoral Fractures
Abstract

In a prospective study conducted between 1992 and 1995, displaced Müller type C2-C3 intraarticular fractures of the distal femur were treated using an indirect plate fixation technique and a lateral parapatellar arthrotomy for the direct reduction of the condylar block. There were 6 closed, and 2 open fractures (1 grade II and 1 grade IIIB). Following reconstruction of the articular block, the block was indirectly reduced and fixed to the shaft by a plate inserted by the retrograde method beneath the vastus lateralis. Transcutaneous/transmuscular screws were used to fix the plate to the shaft. Time to bone healing was 12 weeks (median range 8-17 weeks) after surgery without needing primary or secondary bone grafts. There were no infections or refractures. Except for one case which required a corrective osteotomy for 10 degrees of varus malalignment, there were no revisions. According to the Neer score, there were 6 excellent or satisfactory results, 2 unsatisfactory results, and no failures. At follow-up, there were 2 varus-valgus deformities greater than 5 degrees, 2 leg length discrepancies greater than 10 mm, and 2 rotational deformities of 15 degrees. The treatment results for complex supracondylar/intracondylar fractures of the distal femur obtained with this technique compare favourably with other reported series using different techniques without the added morbidity associated with autogenous bone grafting. However, the surgical technique is demanding and special care must be taken to ensure correct axial alignment.

Published
1997

117. Combination of CDF and D0 W-Boson mass measurements

Author

Aaltonen, T. Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Acharya, B. S. and Adams, M. Adams, T. Agnew, J. P. Alexeev, G. D. and Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Apollinari, G. Appel, J. A. and Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Asaadi, J. Ashmanskas, W. Askew, A. Atkins, S. Auerbach, B. Augsten, K. Aurisano, A. and Avila, C. Azfar, F. Badaud, F. Badgett, W. Bae, T. and Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, S. and Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barberis, E. Baringer, P. Barnes, V. E. and Barnett, B. A. da Costa, J. Guimaraes Barria, P. and Bartlett, J. F. Bartos, P. Bassler, U. Bauce, M. and Bazterra, V. Bean, A. Bedeschi, F. Beecher, D. Begalli, M. Behari, S. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beri, S. B. Bernardi, G. and Bernhard, R. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. Beuselinck, R. and Bhat, P. C. Bhatia, S. Bhatnagar, V. Bhatti, A. Bizjak, I. Bland, K. R. Blazey, G. Blessing, S. Bloom, K. and Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boehnlein, A. Boline, D. Boos, E. E. Borissov, G. Bortoletto, D. Boudreau, J. and Boveia, A. Brandt, A. Brandt, O. Brigliadori, L. and Brock, R. Bromberg, C. Bross, A. Brown, D. Brucken, E. and Bu, X. B. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Buehler, M. and Buescher, V. Bunichev, V. Burdin, S. Burkett, K. and Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Buszello, C. P. Butti, P. Buzatu, A. Calamba, A. Camacho-Perez, E. Camarda, S. Campanelli, M. Canelli, F. Carls, B. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. and Carrillo, S. Casal, B. Casarsa, M. Casey, B. C. K. and Castilla-Valdez, H. Castro, A. Catastini, P. Caughron, S. and Cauz, D. Cavaliere, V. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. and Cerrito, L. Chakrabarti, S. Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. and Chapon, E. Chen, G. Chen, Y. C. Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Cho, K. Cho, S. W. Choi, S. and Chokheli, D. Choudhary, B. Cihangir, S. Claes, D. Clark, A. Clarke, C. Clutter, J. Convery, M. E. Conway, J. and Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Corbo, M. Corcoran, M. Cordelli, M. Couderc, F. Cousinou, M. -C. Cox, C. A. Cox, D. J. and Cremonesi, M. Cruz, D. Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. and Cutts, D. Das, A. d'Ascenzo, N. Datta, M. Davies, G. and de Barbaro, P. de Jong, S. J. De La Cruz-Burelo, E. Deliot, F. Demina, R. Demortier, L. Deninno, M. Denisov, D. and Denisov, S. P. D'Errico, M. Desai, S. Deterre, C. and DeVaughan, K. Devoto, F. Di Canto, A. Di Ruzza, B. and Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Ding, P. F. Dittmann, J. R. and Dominguez, A. Donati, S. D'Onofrio, M. Dorigo, M. and Driutti, A. Dubey, A. Dudko, L. V. Duperrin, A. Dutt, S. and Eads, M. Ebina, K. Edgar, R. Edmunds, D. Elagin, A. and Ellison, J. Elvira, V. D. Enari, Y. Erbacher, R. and Errede, S. Esham, B. Eusebi, R. Evans, H. Evdokimov, V. N. Farrington, S. Feng, L. Ferbel, T. Fernandez Ramos, J. P. Fiedler, F. Field, R. Filthaut, F. Fisher, W. and Fisk, H. E. Flanagan, G. Forrest, R. Fortner, M. Fox, H. and Franklin, M. Freeman, J. C. Frisch, H. Fuess, S. and Funakoshi, Y. Galloni, C. Garcia-Bellido, A. and Garcia-Gonzalez, J. A. Garfinkel, A. F. Garosi, P. Gavrilov, V. Geng, W. Gerber, C. E. Gerberich, H. Gerchtein, E. and Gershtein, Y. Giagu, S. Giakoumopoulou, V. Gibson, K. and Ginsburg, C. M. Ginther, G. Giokaris, N. Giromini, P. and Giurgiu, G. Glagolev, V. Glenzinski, D. Gold, M. and Goldin, D. Golossanov, A. Golovanov, G. Gomez, G. and Gomez-Ceballos, G. Goncharov, M. Gonzalez Lopez, O. Gorelov, I. Goshaw, A. T. Goulianos, K. Gramellini, E. Grannis, P. D. Greder, S. Greenlee, H. Grenier, G. Grinstein, S. and Gris, Ph. Grivaz, J. -F. Grohsjean, A. Grosso-Pilcher, C. Group, R. C. Gruenendahl, S. Gruenewald, M. W. and Guillemin, T. Gutierrez, G. Gutierrez, P. Hahn, S. R. and Haley, J. Han, J. Y. Han, L. Happacher, F. Hara, K. and Harder, K. Hare, M. Harel, A. Harr, R. F. and Harrington-Taber, T. Hatakeyama, K. Hauptman, J. M. Hays, C. and Hays, J. Head, T. Hebbeker, T. Hedin, D. Hegab, H. and Heinrich, J. Heinson, A. P. Heintz, U. Hensel, C. and Heredia-De La Cruz, I. Herndon, M. Herner, K. Hesketh, G. and Hildreth, M. D. Hirosky, R. Hoang, T. Hobbs, J. D. and Hocker, A. Hoeneisen, B. Hogan, J. Hohlfeld, M. and Holzbauer, J. L. Hong, Z. Hopkins, W. Hou, S. Howley, I. and Hubacek, Z. Hughes, R. E. Husemann, U. Hussein, M. and Huston, J. Hynek, V. Iashvili, I. Ilchenko, Y. and Illingworth, R. Introzzi, G. Iori, M. Ito, A. S. Ivanov, A. Jabeen, S. Jaffre, M. James, E. Jang, D. and Jayasinghe, A. Jayatilaka, B. Jeon, E. J. Jeong, M. S. and Jesik, R. Jiang, P. Jindariani, S. Johns, K. Johnson, E. and Johnson, M. Jonckheere, A. Jones, M. Jonsson, P. and Joo, K. K. Joshi, J. Jun, S. Y. Jung, A. W. Junk, T. R. and Juste, A. Kajfasz, E. Kambeitz, M. Kamon, T. and Karchin, P. E. Karmanov, D. Kasmi, A. Kato, Y. Katsanos, I. Kehoe, R. Kermiche, S. Ketchum, W. Keung, J. and Khalatyan, N. Khanov, A. Kharchilava, A. Kharzheev, Y. N. and Kilminster, B. Kim, D. H. Kim, H. S. Kim, J. E. Kim, M. J. Kim, S. H. Kim, S. B. Kim, Y. J. Kim, Y. K. and Kimura, N. Kirby, M. Kiselevich, I. Knoepfel, K. Kohli, J. M. Kondo, K. Kong, D. J. Konigsberg, J. Kotwal, A. V. and Kozelov, A. V. Kraus, J. Kreps, M. Kroll, J. Kruse, M. Kuhr, T. Kumar, A. Kupco, A. Kurata, M. Kurca, T. and Kuzmin, V. A. Laasanen, A. T. Lammel, S. Lammers, S. and Lancaster, M. Lannon, K. Latino, G. Lebrun, P. Lee, H. S. Lee, H. S. Lee, J. S. Lee, S. W. Lee, W. M. Lei, X. Lellouch, J. Leo, S. Leone, S. Lewis, J. D. Li, D. Li, H. Li, L. Li, Q. Z. Lim, J. K. Limosani, A. and Lincoln, D. Linnemann, J. Lipaev, V. V. Lipeles, E. and Lipton, R. Lister, A. Liu, H. Liu, H. Liu, Q. Liu, T. Liu, Y. Lobodenko, A. Lockwitz, S. Loginov, A. and Lokajicek, M. de Sa, R. Lopes Lucchesi, D. Luca, A. and Lueck, J. Lujan, P. Lukens, P. Luna-Garcia, R. Lungu, G. and Lyon, A. L. Lys, J. Lysak, R. Maciel, A. K. A. and Madar, R. Madrak, R. Maestro, P. Magana-Villalba, R. and Malik, S. Malik, S. Malyshev, V. L. Manca, G. and Manousakis-Katsikakis, A. Mansour, J. Marchese, L. and Margaroli, F. Marino, P. Martinez-Ortega, J. Martinez, M. and Matera, K. Mattson, M. E. Mazzacane, A. Mazzanti, P. and McCarthy, R. McGivern, C. L. McNulty, R. Mehta, A. and Mehtala, P. Meijer, M. M. Melnitchouk, A. Menezes, D. and Mercadante, P. G. Merkin, M. Mesropian, C. Meyer, A. and Meyer, J. Miao, T. Miconi, F. Mietlicki, D. Mitra, A. and Miyake, H. Moed, S. Moggi, N. Mondal, N. K. and Montgomery, H. E. Moon, C. S. Moore, R. Morello, M. J. and Mukherjee, A. Mulhearn, M. Muller, Th. Murat, P. and Mussini, M. Nachtman, J. Nagai, Y. Naganoma, J. Nagy, E. and Nakano, I. Napier, A. Narain, M. Nayyar, R. Neal, H. A. Negret, J. P. Nett, J. Neu, C. Neustroev, P. and Nguyen, H. T. Nigmanov, T. Nodulman, L. Noh, S. Y. and Norniella, O. Nunnemann, T. Nurse, E. Oakes, L. Oh, S. H. Oh, Y. D. Oksuzian, I. Okusawa, T. Orava, R. and Orduna, J. Ortolan, L. Osman, N. Osta, J. Pagliarone, C. and Pal, A. Palencia, E. Palni, P. Papadimitriou, V. and Parashar, N. Parihar, V. Park, S. K. Parker, W. and Partridge, R. Parua, N. Patwa, A. Pauletta, G. Paulini, M. Paus, A. C. Penning, B. Perfilov, M. Peters, Y. and Petridis, K. Petrillo, G. Petroff, P. Phillips, T. J. and Piacentino, G. Pianori, E. Pilot, J. Pitts, K. Plager, C. Pleier, M. -A. Podstavkov, V. M. Pondrom, L. Popov, A. V. Poprocki, S. Potamianos, K. Pranko, A. Prewitt, M. and Price, D. Prokopenko, N. Prokoshin, F. Ptohos, F. and Punzi, G. Qian, J. Quadt, A. Quinn, B. Ranjan, N. and Ratoff, P. N. Razumov, I. Redondo Fernandez, I. Renton, P. and Rescigno, M. Riddick, T. Rimondi, F. Ripp-Baudot, I. and Ristori, L. Rizatdinova, F. Robson, A. Rodriguez, T. and Rolli, S. Rominsky, M. Ronzani, M. Roser, R. Rosner, J. L. Ross, A. Royon, C. Rubinov, P. Ruchti, R. and Ruffini, F. Ruiz, A. Russ, J. Rusu, V. Sajot, G. and Sakumoto, W. K. Sakurai, Y. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Santi, L. Santos, A. S. Sato, K. Savage, G. and Saveliev, V. Savoy-Navarro, A. Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. and Schamberger, R. D. Scheglov, Y. Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. and Schmidt, E. E. Schwanenberger, C. Schwarz, T. and Schwienhorst, R. Scodellaro, L. Scuri, F. Seidel, S. and Seiya, Y. Sekaric, J. Semenov, A. Severini, H. Sforza, F. Shabalina, E. Shalhout, S. Z. Shary, V. Shaw, S. and Shchukin, A. A. Shears, T. Shekhar, R. Shepard, P. F. and Shimojima, M. Shochet, M. Simak, V. Simonenko, A. and Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Sliwa, K. Smirnov, D. Smith, J. R. Snider, F. D. Snow, G. R. Snow, J. Snyder, S. and Soeldner-Rembold, S. Song, H. Sonnenschein, L. Sorin, V. and Soustruznik, K. St Denis, R. Stancari, M. Stark, J. and Stelzer-Chilton, O. Stentz, D. Stoyanova, D. A. Strauss, M. and Strologas, J. Sudo, Y. Sukhanov, A. Suslov, I. and Suter, L. Svoisky, P. Takemasa, K. Takeuchi, Y. Tang, J. and Tecchio, M. Shreyber-Tecker, I. Teng, P. K. Thom, J. and Thompson, D. S. Thomson, E. Thukral, V. Titov, M. and Toback, D. Tokar, S. Tokmenin, V. V. Tollefson, K. and Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Torre, S. Torretta, D. Totaro, P. and Trovato, M. Tsai, Y. -T. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. and Tully, C. Ukegawa, F. Uozumi, S. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. and Uzunyan, S. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vasilyev, I. A. Velev, G. Vellidis, C. and Verkheev, A. Y. Vernieri, C. Vertogradov, L. S. and Verzocchi, M. Vesterinen, M. Vidal, M. Vilanova, D. and Vilar, R. Vizan, J. Vogel, M. Vokac, P. Volpi, G. and Vazquez, F. Wagner, P. Wahl, H. D. Wallny, R. Wang, M. H. L. S. Wang, S. M. Warchol, J. Waters, D. Watts, G. and Wayne, M. Weichert, J. Welty-Rieger, L. Wester, III, W. C. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wilbur, S. Williams, H. H. Williams, M. R. J. Wilson, G. W. Wilson, J. S. and Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wobisch, M. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, H. Wood, D. R. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wu, Z. and Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yamamoto, K. Yamato, D. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. -M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Ye, W. and Ye, Z. Yeh, G. P. Yi, K. Yin, H. Yip, K. Yoh, J. and Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Youn, S. W. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. and Yu, J. M. Zanetti, A. M. Zeng, Y. Zennamo, J. Zhao, T. G. Zhou, B. Zhou, C. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. and Zieminska, D. Zivkovic, L. Zucchelli, S. CDF Collaboration and D0 Collaboration

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We summarize and combine direct measurements of the mass of the W boson in root s = 1.96 TeV proton-antiproton collision data collected by CDF and D0 experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. Earlier measurements from CDF and D0 are combined with the two latest, more precise measurements: a CDF measurement in the electron and muon channels using data corresponding to 2.2 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity, and a D0 measurement in the electron channel using data corresponding to 4.3 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity. The resulting Tevatron average for the mass of the W boson is M-W = 80387 +/- 16 MeV. Including measurements obtained in electron-positron collisions at LEP yields the most precise value of M-W = 80385 +/- 15 MeV.

Published
2013

118. Higgs boson studies at the Tevatron

Author

Aaltonen, T. Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Acharya, B. S. and Adams, M. Adams, T. Agnew, J. P. Alexeev, G. D. and Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Apollinari, G. Appel, J. A. and Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Asaadi, J. Ashmanskas, W. Askew, A. Atkins, S. Auerbach, B. Augsten, K. Aurisano, A. and Avila, C. Azfar, F. Badaud, F. Badgett, W. Bae, T. and Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, S. and Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barberis, E. Baringer, P. Barnes, V. E. and Barnett, B. A. Barria, P. Bartlett, J. F. Bartos, P. and Bassler, U. Bauce, M. Bazterra, V. Bean, A. Bedeschi, F. and Begalli, M. Behari, S. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. and Bellinger, J. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beri, S. B. and Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. and Beuselinck, R. Bhat, P. C. Bhatia, S. Bhatnagar, V. and Bhatti, A. Bland, K. R. Blazey, G. Blessing, S. Bloom, K. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boehnlein, A. and Boline, D. Boos, E. E. Borissov, G. Bortoletto, D. and Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brandt, A. Brandt, O. and Brigliadori, L. Brock, R. Bromberg, C. Bross, A. Brown, D. Brucken, E. Budagov, J. Bu, X. B. Budd, H. S. and Buehler, M. Buescher, V. Bunichev, V. Burdin, S. and Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Buszello, C. P. and Butti, P. Buzatu, A. Calamba, A. Camacho-Perez, E. and Camarda, S. Campanelli, M. Canelli, F. Carls, B. and Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carrillo, S. Casal, B. Casarsa, M. Casey, B. C. K. Castilla-Valdez, H. Castro, A. and Catastini, P. Caughron, S. Cauz, D. Cavaliere, V. and Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Chakrabarti, S. and Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. Chapon, E. Chen, G. Chen, Y. C. and Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Cho, K. and Cho, S. W. Choi, S. Chokheli, D. Choudhary, B. Cihangir, S. Ciocci, M. A. Claes, D. Clark, A. Clarke, C. and Clutter, J. Convery, M. E. Conway, J. Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Corbo, M. Corcoran, M. Cordelli, M. Couderc, F. and Cousinou, M. -C. Cox, C. A. Cox, D. J. Cremonesi, M. and Cruz, D. Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. Cutts, D. d'Ascenzo, N. Das, A. Datta, M. Davies, G. De Barbaro, P. de Jong, S. J. De La Cruz-Burelo, E. Deliot, F. Demina, R. and Demortier, L. Deninno, M. Denisov, D. Denisov, S. P. and d'Errico, M. Desai, S. Deterre, C. DeVaughan, K. Devoto, F. Di Canto, A. Di Ruzza, B. Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. and Ding, P. F. Dittmann, J. R. Dominguez, A. Donati, S. and D'Onofrio, M. Dorigo, M. Driutti, A. Dubey, A. Dudko, L. V. Duperrin, A. Dutt, S. Eads, M. Ebina, K. Edgar, R. Edmunds, D. Elagin, A. Ellison, J. Elvira, V. D. and Enari, Y. Erbacher, R. Errede, S. Esham, B. Eusebi, R. and Evans, H. Evdokimov, V. N. Facini, G. Farrington, S. and Faure, A. Feng, L. Ferbel, T. Fernandez Ramos, J. P. and Fiedler, F. Field, R. Filthaut, F. Fisher, W. Fisk, H. E. Flanagan, G. Forrest, R. Fortner, M. Fox, H. and Franklin, M. Freeman, J. C. Frisch, H. Fuess, S. and Funakoshi, Y. Garcia-Bellido, A. Garcia-Gonzalez, J. A. and Garfinkel, A. F. Garosi, P. Gavrilov, V. Geng, W. and Gerber, C. E. Gerberich, H. Gerchtein, E. Gershtein, Y. and Giagu, S. Giakoumopoulou, V. Gibson, K. Ginsburg, C. M. and Ginther, G. Giokaris, N. Giromini, P. Giurgiu, G. and Glagolev, V. Glenzinski, D. Gold, M. Goldin, D. and Golossanov, A. Golovanov, G. Gomez, G. Gomez-Ceballos, G. and Goncharov, M. Gonzalez Lopez, O. Gorelov, I. Goshaw, A. T. Goulianos, K. Gramellini, E. Grannis, P. D. Greder, S. Greenlee, H. Grenier, G. Grinstein, S. Gris, Ph. and Grivaz, J. -F. Grohsjean, A. Grosso-Pilcher, C. Group, R. C. and Gruenendahl, S. Gruenewald, M. W. Guillemin, T. da Costa, J. Guimaraes Gutierrez, G. Gutierrez, P. Hahn, S. R. and Haley, J. Han, J. Y. Han, L. Happacher, F. Hara, K. and Harder, K. Hare, M. Harel, A. Harr, R. F. and Harrington-Taber, T. Hatakeyama, K. Hauptman, J. M. Hays, C. and Hays, J. Head, T. Hebbeker, T. Hedin, D. Hegab, H. and Heinrich, J. Heinson, A. P. Heintz, U. Hensel, C. La Cruz, I. Heredia-De Herndon, M. Herner, K. Hesketh, G. and Hildreth, M. D. Hirosky, R. Hoang, T. Hobbs, J. D. and Hocker, A. Hoeneisen, B. Hogan, J. Hohlfeld, M. and Holzbauer, J. L. Hong, Z. Hopkins, W. Hou, S. Howley, I. and Hubacek, Z. Hughes, R. E. Husemann, U. Hussein, M. and Huston, J. Hynek, V. Iashvili, I. Ilchenko, Y. and Illingworth, R. Introzzi, G. Iori, M. Ito, A. S. Ivanov, A. Jabeen, S. Jaffre, M. James, E. Jang, D. and Jayasinghe, A. Jayatilaka, B. Jeon, E. J. Jeong, M. S. and Jesik, R. Jiang, P. Jindariani, S. Johns, K. Johnson, E. and Johnson, M. Jonckheere, A. Jones, M. Jonsson, P. and Joo, K. K. Joshi, J. Jun, S. Y. Jung, A. W. Junk, T. R. and Juste, A. Kajfasz, E. Kambeitz, M. Kamon, T. and Karchin, P. E. Karmanov, D. Kasmi, A. Kato, Y. Katsanos, I. Kehoe, R. Kermiche, S. Ketchum, W. Keung, J. and Khalatyan, N. Khanov, A. Kharchilava, A. Kharzheev, Y. N. and Kilminster, B. Kim, D. H. Kim, H. S. Kim, J. E. Kim, M. J. Kim, S. B. Kim, S. H. Kim, Y. J. Kim, Y. K. and Kimura, N. Kirby, M. Kiselevich, I. Knoepfel, K. Kohli, J. M. Kondo, K. Kong, D. J. Konigsberg, J. Kotwal, A. V. and Kozelov, A. V. Kraus, J. Kreps, M. Kroll, J. Kruse, M. Kuhr, T. Kumar, A. Kupco, A. Kurata, M. Kurca, T. and Kuzmin, V. A. Laasanen, A. T. Lammel, S. Lammers, S. and Lancaster, M. Lannon, K. Latino, G. Lebrun, P. Lee, H. S. Lee, H. S. Lee, J. S. Lee, S. W. Lee, W. M. Lei, X. Lellouch, J. Leo, S. Leone, S. Lewis, J. D. Li, D. Li, H. Li, L. Li, Q. Z. Lim, J. K. Limosani, A. and Lincoln, D. Linnemann, J. Lipaev, V. V. Lipeles, E. and Lipton, R. Lister, A. Liu, H. Liu, H. Liu, Q. Liu, T. Liu, Y. Lobodenko, A. Lockwitz, S. Loginov, A. and Lokajicek, M. de Sa, R. Lopes Lucchesi, D. Lueck, J. and Lujan, P. Lukens, P. Luna-Garcia, R. Lungu, G. Lyon, A. L. Lys, J. Lysak, R. Maciel, A. K. A. Madar, R. and Madrak, R. Maestro, P. Magana-Villalba, R. Malik, S. and Malik, S. Malyshev, V. L. Manca, G. Manousakis-Katsikakis, A. Mansour, J. Margaroli, F. Marino, P. Martinez, M. and Martinez-Ortega, J. Matera, K. Mattson, M. E. Mazzacane, A. and Mazzanti, P. McCarthy, R. McGivern, C. L. McNulty, R. and Mehta, A. Mehtala, P. Meijer, M. M. Melnitchouk, A. and Menezes, D. Mercadante, P. G. Merkin, M. Mesropian, C. and Meyer, A. Meyer, J. Miao, T. Miconi, F. Mietlicki, D. and Mitra, A. Miyake, H. Moed, S. Moggi, N. Mondal, N. K. Moon, C. S. Moore, R. Morello, M. J. Mukherjee, A. and Mulhearn, M. Muller, Th. Murat, P. Mussini, M. and Nachtman, J. Nagai, Y. Naganoma, J. Nagy, E. Nakano, I. and Napier, A. Narain, M. Nayyar, R. Neal, H. A. Negret, J. P. Nett, J. Neu, C. Neustroev, P. Nguyen, H. T. and Nigmanov, T. Nodulman, L. Noh, S. Y. Norniella, O. and Nunnemann, T. Oakes, L. Oh, S. H. Oh, Y. D. Oksuzian, I. and Okusawa, T. Orava, R. Orduna, J. Ortolan, L. Osman, N. Osta, J. Pagliarone, C. Pal, A. Palencia, E. and Palni, P. Papadimitriou, V. Parashar, N. Parihar, V. and Park, S. K. Parker, W. Partridge, R. Parua, N. Patwa, A. and Pauletta, G. Paulini, M. Paus, C. Penning, B. and Perfilov, M. Peters, Y. Petridis, K. Petrillo, G. and Petroff, P. Phillips, T. J. Piacentino, G. Pianori, E. and Pilot, J. Pitts, K. Plager, C. Pleier, M. -A. and Podstavkov, V. M. Pondrom, L. Popov, A. V. Poprocki, S. and Potamianos, K. Pranko, A. Prewitt, M. Price, D. and Prokopenko, N. Prokoshin, F. Ptohos, F. Punzi, G. Qian, J. Quadt, A. Quinn, B. Ranjan, N. Ratoff, P. N. and Razumov, I. Redondo Fernandez, I. Renton, P. Rescigno, M. and Rimondi, F. Ripp-Baudot, I. Ristori, L. Rizatdinova, F. and Robson, A. Rodriguez, T. Rolli, S. Rominsky, M. and Ronzani, M. Roser, R. Rosner, J. L. Ross, A. Royon, C. and Rubinov, P. Ruchti, R. Ruffini, F. Ruiz, A. Russ, J. and Rusu, V. Sajot, G. Sakumoto, W. K. Sakurai, Y. and Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Santi, L. Santos, A. S. and Sato, K. Savage, G. Saveliev, V. Savoy-Navarro, A. and Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. Schamberger, R. D. Scheglov, Y. and Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. Schmidt, E. E. Schwanenberger, C. Schwarz, T. Schwienhorst, R. Scodellaro, L. Scuri, F. and Seidel, S. Seiya, Y. Sekaric, J. Semenov, A. and Severini, H. Sforza, F. Shabalina, E. Shalhout, S. Z. and Shary, V. Shaw, S. Shchukin, A. A. Shears, T. Shepard, P. F. Shimojima, M. Shochet, M. Shreyber-Tecker, I. and Simak, V. Simonenko, A. Sinervo, P. Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Sliwa, K. Smirnov, D. Smith, J. R. Snider, F. D. and Snow, G. R. Snow, J. Snyder, S. Soeldner-Rembold, S. and Song, H. Sonnenschein, L. Sorin, V. Soustruznik, K. and Stancari, M. St Denis, R. Stark, J. Stelzer, B. and Stelzer-Chilton, O. Stentz, D. Stoyanova, D. A. Strauss, M. and Strologas, J. Sudo, Y. Sukhanov, A. Suslov, I. and Suter, L. Svoisky, P. Takemasa, K. Takeuchi, Y. Tang, J. and Tecchio, M. Teng, P. K. Thom, J. Thomson, E. and Thukral, V. Titov, M. Toback, D. Tokar, S. Tokmenin, V. V. Tollefson, K. Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Torre, S. and Torretta, D. Totaro, P. Trovato, M. Tsai, Y. -T. and Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Ukegawa, F. Uozumi, S. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Van Kooten, R. and van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vasilyev, I. A. and Vazquez, F. Velev, G. Vellidis, C. Verkheev, A. Y. and Vernieri, C. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Vesterinen, M. and Vidal, M. Vilanova, D. Vilar, R. Vizan, J. Vogel, M. and Vokac, P. Volpi, G. Wagner, P. Wahl, H. D. Wallny, R. Wang, S. M. Wang, M. H. L. S. Wang, R. -J. Warburton, A. Warchol, J. Waters, D. Watts, G. Wayne, M. and Weichert, J. Welty-Rieger, L. Wester, III, W. C. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wilbur, S. Williams, H. H. Williams, M. R. J. Wilson, G. W. Wilson, J. S. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wobisch, M. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, H. and Wood, D. R. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wu, Z. Wyatt, T. R. and Xie, Y. Yamada, R. Yamamoto, K. Yamato, D. Yang, S. and Yang, T. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. -M. Yasuda, T. and Yatsunenko, Y. A. Ye, W. Ye, Z. Yeh, G. P. Yi, K. and Yin, H. Yip, K. Yoh, J. Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. and Youn, S. W. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. Yu, J. M. Zanetti, A. and Zeng, Y. Zennamo, J. Zhao, T. G. Zhou, B. Zhou, C. and Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zivkovic, L. and Zucchelli, S. CDF Collaboration D0 Collaboration

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

We combine searches by the CDF and D0 Collaborations for the standard model Higgs boson with mass in the range 90-200 GeV/c(2) produced in the gluon-gluon fusion, WH, ZH, t (t) over barH, and vector boson fusion processes, and decaying in the H -> b (b) over bar, H -> W+W-, H -> ZZ, H -> tau(+)tau(-), and H -> gamma gamma modes. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of up to 10 fb(-1) and were collected at the Fermilab Tevatron in p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV. The searches are also interpreted in the context of fermiophobic and fourth generation models. We observe a significant excess of events in the mass range between 115 and 140 GeV/c(2). The local significance corresponds to 3.0 standard deviations at m(H) = 125 GeV/c(2), consistent with the mass of the Higgs boson observed at the LHC, and we expect a local significance of 1.9 standard deviations. We separately combine searches for H -> b (b) over bar, H -> W+W-, H -> tau(+)tau(-), and H -> gamma gamma. The observed signal strengths in all channels are consistent with the presence of a standard model Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV/c(2).

Published
2013

119. Optical Continuum and Emission‐Line Variability of the Seyfert 1 Galaxy Markarian 509

Author

Richard W. Pogge, R. Bertram, Luis C. Ho, Bradley M. Peterson, J. C. Shields, R. M. Wagner, T. E. Carone, Thomas Matheson, Belinda Jane Wilkes, K. Bischoff, Kirk T. Korista, Jill Bechtold, Wolfram Kollatschny, M. Dietrich, John P. Huchra, Alexei V. Filippenko, and Paul S. Smith

Subjects
Physics, Luminous infrared galaxy, Continuum (measurement), Space and Planetary Science, Radio galaxy, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Emission spectrum, Astrophysics, Galaxy
Abstract

We report on the results of a 5 year coordinated program of spectroscopic monitoring of the luminous Seyfert 1 galaxy Markarian 509. The Hβ and He II λ4686 emission lines are found to respond to continuum variations with time lags of ~80 and ~60 days, respectively, considerably longer than the emission-line lags measured for other Seyfert galaxies.

Published
1996

120. Microwave synthesis of and MnAPO-5-stability of Mn2+ ions on framework positions

Author

Rolf Fricke, A. Brückner, J. Jänchen, U. Lohse, R. Bertram, and E. Schreier

Subjects
General Engineering, Analytical chemistry, Infrared spectroscopy, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Manganese, Molecular sieve, law.invention, Adsorption, chemistry, law, Isomorphous substitution, General Materials Science, Calcination, Lewis acids and bases, Thermal analysis
Abstract

Aluminophosphate molecular sieves of structure 44 and structure 5 with incorporation of manganese (up to 11 mass% MnO) were prepared by microwave synthesis. The MnAPO samples were characterized in comparison to the corresponding SAPO samples by X-ray diffraction, light microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, ESR spectra, nitrogen adsorption and calorimetric measurements of the heat of NH3 adsorption. Manganese replaces aluminium on tetrahedrally coordinated framework positions. The ESR measurements reveal a cluster-like arrangement of Mn2+ ions (Mn2+OPOMn2+). The as-synthesized samples are colourless. After calcination in air under static conditions a blue/deep blue colour is observed which is associated with the full adsorption capacity. The adsorption of polar molecules, as water and ammonia, causes marked structure destruction, and the colour changes from blue to pink or to grey shades. POH groups and Lewis acid sites are detected by infrared spectroscopy.

Published
1996

121. Salvage of the failed Keller-Brandes operation by metatarsophalangeal fusion

Author

T. Patsalis, H. Georgousis, and R. Bertram

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, biology, business.industry, Forefoot, medicine.medical_treatment, Cosmesis, biology.organism_classification, Asymptomatic, Iliac crest, Surgery, body regions, Valgus, medicine.anatomical_structure, Metatarsophalangeal fusion, Medicine, Internal fixation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Foot (unit)
Abstract

Summary The Keller-Brandes operation is commonly performed for symptomatic hallux valgus or rigidus. However, failure to achieve or maintain a well aligned great toe able to bear weight is frequently the cause of patients' dissatisfaction. Salvage of this procedure poses a difficult surgical problem. In the last 3 years we performed 12 operations on patients with poor functional and cosmetic results following a Keller-Brandes procedure. Associated lesser toe deformities had developed in all cases. Five had undergone unsuccessful lesser toe surgery. We report the results of seven patients who were followed up for an average of 2 years (minimum 1 year). A fusion between the first metatarsal and the remaining proximal phalanx was carried out. In four feet with unacceptable shortening of the great toe, interposition of autogenous iliac crest graft was used. Internal fixation was performed with intraosseous cerclage (two), crossed K-wires (three) and a plate (two). Correction of lesser toe deformities was carried out in three feet at the same sitting. Solid bony fusion resulted in five cases. Complications occurred in three patients. One had delayed wound healing and two developed deep infection leading to a fibrous union which was asymptomatic. All patients but one were satisfied with the result in terms of cosmesis, pain relief and foot function. Three patients were still troubled by lesser toe deformities and will require further surgery. Metatarsophalangeal fusion is a satisfactory salvage procedure for the failed Keller-Brandes operation. The outcome is more favourable when surgery is performed before extreme malalignment of the forefoot occurs.

Published
1996

122. Two types of burst firing in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurones

Author

Z, Chu, M, Tomaiuolo, R, Bertram, and S M, Moenter

Subjects
Male, Neurons, Estradiol, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Action Potentials, Mice, Transgenic, Tetrodotoxin, Synaptic Transmission, Article, Membrane Potentials, Electrophysiology, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Mice, Biological Clocks, Animals, Female, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Sodium Channel Blockers
Abstract

Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones fire spontaneous bursts of action potentials, although little is understood about the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we report evidence for two types of bursting/oscillation driven by different mechanisms. Properties of these different types are clarified using mathematical modelling and a recently developed active-phase/silent-phase correlation technique. The first type of GnRH neurone (1-2%) exhibits slow (∼0.05 Hz) spontaneous oscillations in membrane potential. Action potential bursts are often observed during oscillation depolarisation, although some oscillations were entirely subthreshold. Oscillations persist after blockade of fast sodium channels with tetrodotoxin (TTX) and blocking receptors for ionotropic fast synaptic transmission, indicating that they are intrinsically generated. In the second type of GnRH neurone, bursts were irregular and TTX caused a stable membrane potential. The two types of bursting cells exhibited distinct active-phase/silent-phase correlation patterns, which is suggestive of distinct mechanisms underlying the rhythms. Further studies of type 1 oscillating cells revealed that the oscillation period was not affected by current or voltage steps, although amplitude was sometimes damped. Oestradiol, an important feedback regulator of GnRH neuronal activity, acutely and markedly altered oscillations, specifically depolarising the oscillation nadir and initiating or increasing firing. Blocking calcium-activated potassium channels, which are rapidly reduced by oestradiol, had a similar effect on oscillations. Kisspeptin, a potent activator of GnRH neurones, translated the oscillation to more depolarised potentials, without altering period or amplitude. These data show that there are at least two distinct types of GnRH neurone bursting patterns with different underlying mechanisms.

Published
2012

123. Combination of CDF and D0 measurements of the W boson helicity in top quark decays

Author

Aaltonen, T. Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Acharya, B. S. and Adams, M. Adams, T. Alexeev, G. D. Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Alvarez Gonzalez, B. Alverson, G. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Aoki, M. and Apollinari, G. Appel, J. A. Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. and Asaadi, J. Ashmanskas, W. Askew, A. Asman, B. Atkins, S. and Atramentov, O. Auerbach, B. Augsten, K. Aurisano, A. and Avila, C. Azfar, F. Badaud, F. Badgett, W. Bae, T. and Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, S. and Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barberis, E. Baringer, P. Barnes, V. E. and Barnett, B. A. Barreto, J. Barria, P. Bartlett, J. F. and Bartos, P. Bassler, U. Bauce, M. Bazterra, V. Bean, A. Bedeschi, F. Begalli, M. Behari, S. and Belanger-Champagne, C. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. and Bellinger, J. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beri, S. B. and Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. and Beuselinck, R. Bezzubov, V. A. Bhatia, S. Bhatnagar, V. and Bhatti, A. Bhat, P. C. Bisello, D. Bizjak, I. Bland, K. R. Blazey, G. Blessing, S. Bloom, K. Blumenfeld, B. and Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boehnlein, A. Boline, D. Boos, E. E. and Borissov, G. Bortoletto, D. Bose, T. Boudreau, J. and Boveia, A. Brandt, A. Brandt, O. Brigliadori, L. Brock, R. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Bross, A. Brown, D. and Brown, J. Brucken, E. Bu, X. B. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. and Buehler, M. Buescher, V. Bunichev, V. Burdin, S. and Burkett, K. Bussey, P. Buszello, C. P. Buzatu, A. and Calamba, A. Calancha, C. Camacho-Perez, E. Camarda, S. and Campanelli, M. Campbell, M. Canelli, F. Carls, B. and Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carrillo, S. Carron, S. Casal, B. Casarsa, M. Casey, B. C. K. Castilla-Valdez, H. and Castro, A. Catastini, P. Caughron, S. Cauz, D. and Cavaliere, V. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. and Chakrabarti, S. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. and Chapon, E. Chen, Y. C. Chen, G. Chertok, M. and Chevalier-Thery, S. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Chlebana, F. Choi, S. Chokheli, D. Choudhary, B. Cho, D. K. and Cho, K. Cho, S. W. Chung, W. H. Chung, Y. S. Cihangir, S. Ciocci, M. A. Claes, D. Clarke, C. Clark, A. and Clutter, J. Compostella, G. Convery, M. E. Conway, J. and Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Corbo, M. Corcoran, M. Cordelli, M. Couderc, F. Cousinou, M. -C. Cox, C. A. Cox, D. J. and Crescioli, F. Croc, A. Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. and Cutts, D. d'Ascenzo, N. d'Errico, M. D'Onofrio, M. and Dagenhart, D. Das, A. Datta, M. Davies, G. Deliot, F. and Dell'Orso, M. Demina, R. Demortier, L. Deninno, M. and Denisov, D. Denisov, S. P. Desai, S. Deterre, C. and DeVaughan, K. Devoto, F. de Barbaro, P. de Jong, S. J. and De La Cruz-Burelo, E. Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Ding, P. F. and Dittmann, J. R. Di Canto, A. Di Ruzza, B. Dominguez, A. and Donati, S. Dong, P. Dorigo, M. Dorigo, T. Dorland, T. Dubey, A. Dudko, L. V. Duggan, D. Duperrin, A. and Dutt, S. Dyshkant, A. Eads, M. Ebina, K. Edmunds, D. and Elagin, A. Ellison, J. Elvira, V. D. Enari, Y. Eppig, A. and Erbacher, R. Errede, S. Ershaidat, N. Eusebi, R. and Evans, H. Evdokimov, A. Evdokimov, V. N. Facini, G. and Farrington, S. Feindt, M. Ferbel, T. Feng, L. Fernandez, J. P. Fiedler, F. Field, R. Filthaut, F. Fisher, W. and Fisk, H. E. Flanagan, G. Forrest, R. Fortner, M. Fox, H. and Franklin, M. Frank, M. J. Freeman, J. C. Fuess, S. and Funakoshi, Y. Furic, I. Gallinaro, M. Garcia, J. E. and Garcia-Bellido, A. Garcia-Guerra, G. A. Garfinkel, A. F. and Garosi, P. Gavrilov, V. Gay, P. Geng, W. Gerbaudo, D. and Gerber, C. E. Gerberich, H. Gerchtein, E. Gershtein, Y. and Giagu, S. Giakoumopoulou, V. Giannetti, P. Gibson, K. and Ginsburg, C. M. Ginther, G. Giokaris, N. Giromini, P. and Giurgiu, G. Glagolev, V. Glenzinski, D. Goldin, D. and Gold, M. Goldschmidt, N. Golossanov, A. Golovanov, G. and Gomez-Ceballos, G. Gomez, G. Goncharov, M. Gonzalez, O. and Gorelov, I. Goshaw, A. T. Goulianos, K. Goussiou, A. and Grannis, P. D. Greder, S. Greenlee, H. Grenier, G. and Grinstein, S. Gris, Ph. Grivaz, J. -F. Grohsjean, A. and Grosso-Pilcher, C. Group, R. C. Gruenendahl, S. Gruenewald, M. W. Guillemin, T. da Costa, J. Guimaraes Guo, F. and Gutierrez, G. Gutierrez, P. Haas, A. Hagopian, S. Hahn, S. R. Haley, J. Halkiadakis, E. Hamaguchi, A. Han, J. Y. and Han, L. Happacher, F. Hara, K. Harder, K. Hare, D. and Hare, M. Harel, A. Harr, R. F. Hatakeyama, K. and Hauptman, J. M. Hays, C. Hays, J. Head, T. Hebbeker, T. and Heck, M. Hedin, D. Hegab, H. Heinrich, J. Heinson, A. P. Heintz, U. Hensel, C. Heredia-De La Cruz, I. and Herndon, M. Herner, K. Hesketh, G. Hewamanage, S. and Hildreth, M. D. Hirosky, R. Hoang, T. Hobbs, J. D. and Hocker, A. Hoeneisen, B. Hohlfeld, M. Hopkins, W. Horn, D. Hou, S. Howley, I. Hubacek, Z. Hughes, R. E. and Hurwitz, M. Husemann, U. Hussain, N. Hussein, M. Huston, J. Hynek, V. Iashvili, I. Ilchenko, Y. Illingworth, R. and Introzzi, G. Iori, M. Ito, A. S. Ivanov, A. Jabeen, S. Jaffre, M. James, E. Jamin, D. Jang, D. and Jayasinghe, A. Jayatilaka, B. Jeon, E. J. Jesik, R. and Jindariani, S. Johns, K. Johnson, M. Jonckheere, A. and Jones, M. Jonsson, P. Joo, K. K. Joshi, J. Jun, S. Y. and Jung, A. W. Junk, T. R. Juste, A. Kaadze, K. and Kajfasz, E. Kamon, T. Karchin, P. E. Karmanov, D. Kasmi, A. Kasper, P. A. Kato, Y. Katsanos, I. Kehoe, R. and Kermiche, S. Ketchum, W. Keung, J. Khalatyan, N. Khanov, A. Kharchilava, A. Kharzheev, Y. N. Khotilovich, V. and Kilminster, B. Kimura, N. Kim, D. H. Kim, H. S. Kim, J. E. Kim, M. J. Kim, S. B. Kim, S. H. Kim, Y. J. Kim, Y. K. Klimenko, S. Knoepfel, K. Kohli, J. M. Kondo, K. and Kong, D. J. Konigsberg, J. Kotwal, A. V. Kozelov, A. V. and Kraus, J. Kreps, M. Kroll, J. Krop, D. Kruse, M. and Krutelyov, V. Kuhr, T. Kulikov, S. Kumar, A. Kupco, A. and Kurata, M. Kurca, T. Kuzmin, V. A. Kwang, S. and Laasanen, A. T. Lami, S. Lammel, S. Lammers, S. and Lancaster, M. Lander, R. L. Landsberg, G. Lannon, K. and Lath, A. Latino, G. Lebrun, P. LeCompte, T. Lee, E. and Lee, H. S. Lee, H. S. Lee, J. S. Lee, W. M. Lee, S. W. and Lee, S. W. Lellouch, J. Leo, S. Leone, S. Lewis, J. D. Li, H. Li, L. Li, Q. Z. Lim, J. K. Limosani, A. and Lin, C. -J. Lincoln, D. Lindgren, M. Linnemann, J. and Lipaev, V. V. Lipeles, E. Lipton, R. Lister, A. and Litvintsev, D. O. Liu, C. Liu, H. Liu, H. Liu, T. and Liu, Q. Liu, Y. Lobodenko, A. Lockwitz, S. Loginov, A. and Lokajicek, M. de Sa, R. Lopes Lubatti, H. J. Lucchesi, D. Lueck, J. Lujan, P. Lukens, P. Luna-Garcia, R. and Lungu, G. Lyon, A. L. Lysak, R. Lys, J. Maciel, A. K. A. and Mackin, D. Madar, R. Madrak, R. Maeshima, K. and Maestro, P. Magana-Villalba, R. Malik, S. Malik, S. and Malyshev, V. L. Manca, G. Manousakis-Katsikakis, A. Maravin, Y. Margaroli, F. Marino, C. Martinez, M. and Martinez-Ortega, J. Mastrandrea, P. Matera, K. Mattson, M. E. Mazzacane, A. Mazzanti, P. McCarthy, R. McFarland, K. S. McGivern, C. L. McIntyre, P. McNulty, R. Mehta, A. and Mehtala, P. Meijer, M. M. Melnitchouk, A. Menezes, D. and Mercadante, P. G. Merkin, M. Mesropian, C. Meyer, A. and Meyer, J. Miao, T. Miconi, F. Mietlicki, D. Mitra, A. and Miyake, H. Moed, S. Moggi, N. Mondal, N. K. and Mondragon, M. N. Moon, C. S. Moore, R. Morello, M. J. and Morlock, J. Fernandez, P. Movilla Mukherjee, A. Mulhearn, M. and Muller, Th. Murat, P. Mussini, M. Nachtman, J. and Nagai, Y. Naganoma, J. Nagy, E. Naimuddin, M. Nakano, I. and Napier, A. Narain, M. Nayyar, R. Neal, H. A. Negret, J. P. Nett, J. Neubauer, M. S. Neustroev, P. Neu, C. and Nielsen, J. Nodulman, L. Noh, S. Y. Norniella, O. and Nunnemann, T. Oakes, L. Obrant, G. Oh, S. H. Oh, Y. D. and Oksuzian, I. Okusawa, T. Orava, R. Orduna, J. and Ortolan, L. Osman, N. Osta, J. Padilla, M. Griso, S. Pagan Pagliarone, C. Pal, A. Palencia, E. Papadimitriou, V. Paramonov, A. A. Parashar, N. Parihar, V. Park, S. K. and Partridge, R. Parua, N. Patrick, J. Patwa, A. and Pauletta, G. Paulini, M. Paus, C. Pellett, D. E. and Penning, B. Penzo, A. Perfilov, M. Peters, Y. Petridis, K. Petrillo, G. Petroff, P. Phillips, T. J. Piacentino, G. Pianori, E. Pilot, J. Pitts, K. Plager, C. and Pleier, M. -A. Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M. Podstavkov, V. M. and Polozov, P. Pondrom, L. Popov, A. V. Poprocki, S. and Potamianos, K. Prewitt, M. Price, D. Prokopenko, N. and Prokoshin, F. Pranko, A. Ptohos, F. Punzi, G. Qian, J. and Quadt, A. Quinn, B. Rahaman, A. Ramakrishnan, V. and Rangel, M. S. Ranjan, K. Ranjan, N. Ratoff, P. N. and Razumov, I. Redondo, I. Renkel, P. Renton, P. Rescigno, M. Riddick, T. Rimondi, F. Ripp-Baudot, I. Ristori, L. and Rizatdinova, F. Robson, A. Rodrigo, T. Rodriguez, T. and Rogers, E. Rolli, S. Rominsky, M. Roser, R. Ross, A. and Royon, C. Rubinov, P. Ruchti, R. Ruffini, F. Ruiz, A. and Russ, J. Rusu, V. Safonov, A. Safronov, G. Sajot, G. and Sakumoto, W. K. Sakurai, Y. Salcido, P. and Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Sanghi, B. Santi, L. and Santos, A. S. Sato, K. Savage, G. Saveliev, V. and Savoy-Navarro, A. Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. Schamberger, R. D. and Scheglov, Y. Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. Schlobohm, S. and Schmidt, A. Schmidt, E. E. Schwanenberger, C. Schwarz, T. Schwienhorst, R. Scodellaro, L. Scribano, A. Scuri, F. Seidel, S. Seiya, Y. Sekaric, J. Semenov, A. and Severini, H. Sforza, F. Shabalina, E. Shalhout, S. Z. and Shary, V. Shaw, S. Shchukin, A. A. Shears, T. Shepard, P. F. Shimojima, M. Shivpuri, R. K. Shochet, M. and Shreyber-Tecker, I. Simak, V. Simonenko, A. Sinervo, P. and Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Sliwa, K. Smirnov, D. Smith, J. R. Smith, K. J. Snider, F. D. Snow, G. R. Snow, J. and Snyder, S. Soha, A. Soeldner-Rembold, S. Song, H. and Sonnenschein, L. Sorin, V. Soustruznik, K. Squillacioti, P. and St Denis, R. Stancari, M. Stark, J. Stelzer, B. and Stelzer-Chilton, O. Stentz, D. Stolin, V. Stoyanova, D. A. and Strauss, M. Strologas, J. Strycker, G. L. Stutte, L. and Sudo, Y. Sukhanov, A. Suslov, I. Suter, L. Svoisky, P. and Takahashi, M. Takemasa, K. Takeuchi, Y. Tang, J. and Tecchio, M. Teng, P. K. Thom, J. Thome, J. Thompson, G. A. Thomson, E. Titov, M. Toback, D. Tokar, S. and Tokmenin, V. V. Tollefson, K. Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. and Torretta, D. Torre, S. Totaro, P. Trovato, M. Tsai, Y. -T. Tschann-Grimm, K. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Ukegawa, F. Uozumi, S. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. and Uzunyan, S. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. and Varganov, A. Varnes, E. W. Vasilyev, I. A. Vazquez, F. and Velev, G. Vellidis, C. Verdier, P. Verkheev, A. Y. and Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Vesterinen, M. Vidal, M. and Vila, I. Vilanova, D. Vilar, R. Vizan, J. Vogel, M. and Vokac, P. Volpi, G. Wagner, P. Wagner, R. L. Wahl, H. D. Wakisaka, T. Wallny, R. Wang, M. H. L. S. Wang, S. M. Warburton, A. Warchol, J. Waters, D. Watts, G. and Wayne, M. Weichert, J. Welty-Rieger, L. Wester, III, W. C. and White, A. Whiteson, D. Wick, F. Wicke, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wicklund, E. Wilbur, S. Williams, H. H. Williams, M. R. J. Wilson, G. W. Wilson, J. S. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wobisch, M. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, H. and Wood, D. R. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wu, Z. Wyatt, T. R. and Xie, Y. Yamada, R. Yamamoto, K. Yang, T. Yang, U. K. and Yang, W. -C. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. -M. Yasuda, T. and Yatsunenko, Y. A. Ye, Z. Yeh, G. P. Yi, K. Yin, H. and Yip, K. Yoh, J. Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Youn, S. W. and Yu, I. Yu, G. B. Yu, S. S. Yun, J. C. Zanetti, A. and Zeng, Y. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. and Zieminska, D. Zivkovic, L. Zucchelli, S. CDF Collaboration and D0 Collaboration

Abstract

We report the combination of recent measurements of the helicity of the W boson from top quark decay by the CDF and D0 collaborations, based on data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of 2.7-5.4 fb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions collected during Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. Combining measurements that simultaneously determine the fractions of W bosons with longitudinal (f(0)) and right-handed (f(+)) helicities, we find f(0) = 0.722 +/- 0.081[+/- 0.062(stat) +/- 0.052(syst)] and f(+) = -0.033 +/- 0.046[+/- 0.034(stat) +/- 0.031(syst)]. Combining measurements where one of the helicity fractions is fixed to the value expected in the standard model, we find f(0) = 0.682 +/- 0.057[+/- 0.035(stat) +/- 0.046(syst)] for fixed f(+) and f(+) = -0.015 +/- 0.035[+/- 0.018(stat) +/- 0.030(syst)] for fixed f(0). The results are consistent with standard model expectations.

Published
2012

125. Investigating heterogeneity of intracellular calcium dynamics in anterior pituitary lactotrophs using a combined modelling/experimental approach

Author

M, Tomaiuolo, R, Bertram, A E, Gonzalez-Iglesias, and J, Tabak

Subjects
Cytosol, Pituitary Gland, Anterior, Animals, Humans, Calcium, Models, Biological, Article
Abstract

Cell responses are commonly heterogeneous, even within a subpopulation. In the present study, we investigate the source of heterogeneity in the Ca(2+) response of anterior pituitary lactotrophs to a Ca(2+) mobilisation agonist, thyrotrophin-releasing hormone. This response is characterised by a sharp increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration as a result of mobilisation of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores, followed by a decrease to an elevated plateau level that results from Ca(2+) influx. We focus on heterogeneity of the evoked Ca(2+) spike under extracellular Ca(2+) free conditions. We introduce a method that uses the information provided by a mathematical model to characterise the source of heterogeneity. This method compares scatter plots of features of the Ca(2+) response obtained experimentally with those made from the mathematical model. The model scatter plots reflect random variation of parameters over different ranges, and matching the experimental and model scatter plots allows us to predict which parameters are most variable. We find that a large degree of variation in Ca(2+) efflux is a likely key contributor to the heterogeneity of Ca(2+) responses to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in lactotrophs. This technique is applicable to any situation in which the heterogeneous biological response is described by a mathematical model.

Published
2010

126. Annotated Bibliography: Ranking of Law Schools by U.S. News & World Report

Author

Dora R. Bertram

Subjects
Annotated bibliography, Higher education, business.industry, Section (typography), Library science, Context (language use), Public relations, Variety (cybernetics), Work (electrical), Ranking, Law, Political science, Legal education, business
Abstract

For better or worse, the U.S. News & World Report’s annual ranking of law schools is the most prominent and widely used ranking by all constituencies having an interest in legal education. The rankings have triggered impassioned responses and a significant body of commentary and analysis. This comprehensive annotated bibliography documents the wide variety of literature analyzing the rankings and explaining why the rankings are loved by some and hated by many. A brief history of the ranking of institutions of higher education, including law schools, provides background and puts today’s debate in context. This study was commissioned as part of the work of the ABA Section on Legal Education and Admissions to the Bar, Special Committee on the U.S. News and World Report Rankings.

Published
2010

127. A fully complementary BiCMOS technology for sub-half-micrometer microprocessor applications

Author

R. Bertram, P.G.Y. Tsui, B. Pappert, F. Pintchovski, S.W. Sun, J.R. Yeargain, Jeffrey L. Klein, and B.M. Somero

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Bipolar junction transistor, Electrical engineering, Schottky diode, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, Integrated circuit, BiCMOS, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Microprocessor, CMOS, law, Logic gate, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Field-effect transistor, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Hardware_LOGICDESIGN
Abstract

A modular process architecture has been adopted to develop a versatile yet manufacturable, single-poly, four-level metal, fully complementary BiCMOS technology for sub-0.5- mu m microprocessor products. Both the poly-emitter vertical n-p-n and p-n-p bipolar transistors are integrated into a dual-poly (n/sup +//p/sup +/) gate CMOS process flow. Using a collector pedestal implant in the emitter window, the n-p-n performance has been enhanced to 26 GHz. Lateral p-n-p and TiSi/sub 2/ Schottky-barrier diode are also available for circuit applications. Stacking of the tungsten-plug contacts and vias are allowed in the multilevel metallization module. Comparing the CMOS and BiCMOS implementation of a 68030 critical path, 40% speed improvement at 3.3-V Vcc and a CMOS/BiCMOS crossover at 2.2 V have been obtained for this logic BiCMOS technology. >

Published
1992

128. Peripheral Mechanisms II: The Pharmacology of Peripherally Active Antitussive Drugs

Author

Clive P. Page, Domenico Spina, F K R Bertram, and Ian McFadzean

Subjects
Drug, Respiratory tract infections, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Pharmacology, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Chronic cough, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Antitussive Agent, medicine, Reflex, medicine.symptom, business, media_common, Sensory nerve, Asthma
Abstract

Cough is an indispensable defensive reflex. Although generally beneficial, it is also a common symptom of diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, upper respiratory tract infections, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. Cough remains a major unmet medical need and although the centrally acting opioids have remained the antitussive of choice for decades, they have many unwanted side effects. However, new research into the behaviour of airway sensory nerves has provided greater insight into the mechanisms of cough and new avenues for the discovery of novel non-opioid antitussive drugs. In this review, the pathophysiological mechanisms of cough and the development of novel antitussive drugs are reviewed.

Published
2009

129. Vibration measurements at the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT)

Author

R. Bertram, J. Schmidt, Vianak Naranjo, Thomas Bertram, Wolfgang Gaessler, Tom Herbst, Udo Beckmann, Joar G. Brynnel, Sebastian Egner, M. Brix, Martin Kuerster, Steffen Rost, and R.-R. Rohloff

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, System of measurement, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Large Binocular Telescope, law.invention, Vibration, Telescope, Interferometry, Acceleration, Optics, law, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Adaptive optics, business, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Optical path length
Abstract

The Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) is an international collaboration, with partners from the United States, Italy, and Germany. The telescope uses two 8.4-meter diameter primary mirrors to produce coherent images with the combined light along with adaptive optics. The correct functioning and optimum performance of the LBT is only achieved through a complex interplay of various optical elements. Each of these elements has its individual vibration behaviour, and therefore it is necessary to characterize the LBT as a distributed vibration system. LINC-NIRVANA is a near-infrared image-plane beam combiner with advanced, multi-conjugated adaptive optics, and one of the interferometric instruments for the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). Its spectral range goes from 1.0 μm to 2.45 μm, therefore the requirements for the maximum optical path difference (OPD) are very tight (λ/10 ~ 100 nm). 1 During two dedicated campaigns, the vibrations introduced by various actuators were measured using different kinds of sensors. The evaluation of the obtained data allows an estimation of the frequency and amplitude contributions of the individual vibration sources. Until the final state of the LBT is reached, further measurements are necessary to optimize and adapt the equipment and also the investigated elements and configurations (measurement points and directions, number of sensors, etc.).

Published
2008

130. Antitussive Drugs

Author

Felicity K. R. Bertram and Clive P. Page

Published
2008

131. Detection of Antibodies to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus by a Silver-Enhanced Gold-Labelled Immunosorbent Assay

Author

Bernard F. Rocks, V. M. R. Bertram, and M. P. Bailey

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 030213 general clinical medicine, Silver, Clinical Biochemistry, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Antibodies, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antigen, AIDS-Related Complex, Predictive Value of Tests, medicine, Humans, Immunosorbent Techniques, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Immunosorbent technique, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, AIDS Serodiagnosis, General Medicine, Elisa assay, Molecular biology, Immunoassay, biology.protein, Gold, Antibody, Black colour
Abstract

We describe a new immunoassay for the detection of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus. The method is based on a silver enhanced gold-labelled immunosorbent assay (SEGLISA). Test sera are incubated in microtitre wells on which antigens have been coated. If present in the test sera, antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus bind to the solid-phase antigens. Bound antibodies are quantitated with anti-human immunoglobulin labelled with gold. Positive specimens produce a faint pink deposit which is better visualised by silver enhancement which gives an intense black colour. The intensity of the colour is proportional to the bound antibody concentration. All the reagents are stable and the silver enhancement takes place under ambient light conditions. The assay has many of the advantages of micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays but does not suffer from the drawbacks associated with the use of an enzyme label. It requires fewer manipulations and is quicker to carry out than an equivalent enzyme-linked test. As the silver layer is permanent dried wells may be stored for future reading or checking.

Published
1990

132. Coccidian Parasites and Conservation Implications for the Endangered Whooping Crane (Grus americana)

Author

Karen F. Snowden, Barry K. Hartup, Miranda R. Bertram, Sarah A. Hamer, and Gabriel L. Hamer

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, Population, Endangered species, lcsh:Medicine, Eimeria, Birds, parasitic diseases, Prevalence, medicine, Animals, Parasite hosting, lcsh:Science, education, Feces, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, biology, Bird Diseases, Coccidiosis, Endangered Species, lcsh:R, Grus (genus), medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Texas, Threatened species, lcsh:Q, Research Article
Abstract

While the population of endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) has grown from 15 individuals in 1941 to an estimated 304 birds today, the population growth is not sufficient to support a down-listing of the species to threatened status. The degree to which disease may be limiting the population growth of whooping cranes is unknown. One disease of potential concern is caused by two crane-associated Eimeria species: Eimeria gruis and E. reichenowi. Unlike most species of Eimeria, which are localized to the intestinal tract, these crane-associated species may multiply systemically and cause a potentially fatal disease. Using a non-invasive sampling approach, we assessed the prevalence and phenology of Eimeria oocysts in whooping crane fecal samples collected across two winter seasons (November 2012-April 2014) at the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge along the Texas Gulf coast. We also compared the ability of microscopy and PCR to detect Eimeria in fecal samples. Across both years, 26.5% (n = 328) of fecal samples were positive for Eimeria based on microscopy. Although the sensitivity of PCR for detecting Eimeria infections seemed to be less than that of microscopy in the first year of the study (8.9% vs. 29.3%, respectively), an improved DNA extraction protocol resulted in increased sensitivity of PCR relative to microscopy in the second year of the study (27.6% and 20.8%, respectively). The proportion of positive samples did not vary significantly between years or among sampling sites. The proportion of Eimeria positive fecal samples varied with date of collection, but there was no consistent pattern of parasite shedding between the two years. We demonstrate that non-invasive fecal collections combined with PCR and DNA sequencing techniques provides a useful tool for monitoring Eimeria infection in cranes. Understanding the epidemiology of coccidiosis is important for management efforts to increase population growth of the endangered whooping crane.

Published
2015

133. Wolf (Canis lupus) Winter Density and Territory Size in a Low Biomass Moose (Alces alces) System

Author

Mark R. Bertram, Bryce C. Lake, and Jason R. Caikoski

Subjects
Biomass (ecology), education.field_of_study, Ungulate, biology, Ecology, Population, biology.organism_classification, Convex polygon, Predation, Canis, Geography, Average size, Low density, Physical geography, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

We investigated the winter density and territory size of wolves ( Canis lupus ) on the Yukon Flats, Alaska, where moose ( Alces alces ) was the sole ungulate prey, occurring at a low density and representing a biomass of ungulate food lower than previously studied in North America. Using locations (GPS coordinates) from collars deployed on seven wolves, we estimated territory sizes with adaptive kernel and minimum convex polygon methods. We then estimated wolf density from a population area defined by these territory sizes and counts of wolves in five marked packs. From November 2009 to April 2010, we obtained 6263 GPS locations. Pack size ranged from two to 10 wolves, with average size of 5.0 in November 2009 and 4.8 in March 2010. Average winter territory size for five packs was 1433 km2 with the 95% adaptive kernel method and 1608 km2 with the minimum convex polygon method. Density (wolves/1000 km2) was 3.6 in November and 3.4 in March with the 95% adaptive kernel method and 3.4 in both November and March with the minimum convex polygon method. Territories were large and estimates produced by the two methods differed by 11%. Densities were low, and the two analysis methods yielded densities that differed from each other by 3% to 6%. Low wolf density corresponded with low biomass of ungulate food, suggesting that moose availability on the Yukon Flats likely limited wolf density.

Published
2015

134. [Comparison of dorso-lateral and dorso-ventral stabilization procedures in the treatment of vertebral fractures]

Author

R, Bertram, H, Bessem, O, Diedrich, U, Wagner, and O, Schmitt

Subjects
Adult, Male, Radiography, Fracture Fixation, Internal, Spinal Fusion, Treatment Outcome, Humans, Spinal Fractures, Female
Abstract

The radiological and clinical outcome of surgical treated thoracolumbal fractures were followed up after 6.7 years.The study encompassed 97 patients. The degrees of the bony deformation and the local kyphosis were measured on the lateral view X-ray at 4 different time points: post trauma, after the operation, before implant removal and at the follow up examination. The clinical outcome was evaluated by the Oswestry score.74 fractures were treated with a fixateur intern and a dorsal fusion by apposition of autologous bone postero-laterally. 23 fractures were fused in a combined dorso-ventral manner by intervertebral fusion with tricortical autologous bone. The lateral X-rays showed a loss of correction up to 48 % in the dorsal fused group and 10 % loss of correction in the combined group. The local kyphosis increased up to 84 % in the dorsal operated group due to degeneration of the injured disk. The clinical Oswestry score showed no significant difference in both groups.The additional ventral surgery should be evaluated carefully.

Published
2003

135. Measuring small-scale water surface waves: nonlinear interpolation and integration techniques for slope-image data

Author

Guy Meadows, Stephen A. Stanhope, Robert R. Bertram, John F. Vesecky, David R. Lyzenga, David T. Walker, C. Wolf, D.E. Lund, and Jason M. Daida

Subjects
Synthetic aperture radar, Backscatter, Surface wave, Wind wave, Breaking wave, Classification of discontinuities, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Surface reconstruction, Interpolation, Remote sensing
Abstract

In observing oceans using synthetic aperture radar (SAR), researchers have shown that small-scale water surface waves can significantly affect the radar backscatter from an ocean surface. Furthermore, these small scale water surface waves are known to have a significant role in affecting the ocean's drag coefficients and gas-exchange rates. Unfortunately, the hydrodynamics of these small scale water waves are neither well understood nor easily measured. Key innovations that have allowed measurement of small-scale water waves currently include Jahne's refraction-based technique. Several instruments have now been built that have been based on Jahne's technique (including instruments at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography, the University of Heidelberg, and The University of Michigan). Unlike other techniques (like stereo imaging) that attempt to measure the topography of an ocean surface directly, Jahne's technique measures topography indirectly by imaging surface derivatives (i.e., slope-image data). In many cases, deriving topography from slope-image data is a linear problem and is amenable to numerical integration. However, for cases involving breaking waves and turbulence, the derivation becomes nonlinear because of discontinuities caused either by air entrainment or by instrument physics that limit the dynamic range of wave-slope angles that can be measured. Both types of discontinuities can significantly affect analyses that depend on either slope or topographic data. Consequently, the authors' investigation has focused on surface reconstruction methods using nonlinear interpolation and numerical integration techniques. This paper briefly describes their method and shows a few examples of reconstructed surfaces.

Published
2002

136. Scalability of audio quality for networked multimedia environments

Author

Ralf Steinmetz and R. Bertram

Subjects
Multimedia, Computer science, Data stream mining, media_common.quotation_subject, Quality of service, Real-time computing, computer.software_genre, Scheduling (computing), Scalability, Quality (business), User interface, Sound quality, Adaptation (computer science), computer, media_common
Abstract

As a result of listening tests performed with users of multimedia applications the authors present constraints for a dynamic adaptation (scaling) of audio data streams to the available system and network resources. For the speech medium any severe deformation of frequency characteristics should be avoided, while shortening and expanding of speech pauses is suitable to cope with varying delays. For the music medium the best scaling algorithm is a smooth fade between quality levels. Scaling resulting in lower quality should be performed in multiple steps, while in scaling towards higher quality any approach can be chosen. It appears that six levels of quality are sufficient for scaling of music from high quality (CD) to very low quality (cellular phone) and vice versa. In their proposal of a dynamic QoS centered architecture, where the bit rate and scheduling of associated media streams are adapted dynamically, the highest possible QoS for the user has to be taken into account.

Published
2002

137. Calcium-activated K+ channels of mouse beta-cells are controlled by both store and cytoplasmic Ca2+: experimental and theoretical studies

Author

P B, Goforth, R, Bertram, F A, Khan, M, Zhang, A, Sherman, and L S, Satin

Subjects
Male, Cytoplasm, insulin, Action Potentials, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Article, KCa channels, Islets of Langerhans, Mice, Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated, ER, Animals, Calcium, Cells, Cultured, intracellular calcium
Abstract

A novel calcium-dependent potassium current (K(slow)) that slowly activates in response to a simulated islet burst was identified recently in mouse pancreatic beta-cells (Göpel, S.O., T. Kanno, S. Barg, L. Eliasson, J. Galvanovskis, E. Renström, and P. Rorsman. 1999. J. Gen. Physiol. 114:759-769). K(slow) activation may help terminate the cyclic bursts of Ca(2+)-dependent action potentials that drive Ca(2+) influx and insulin secretion in beta-cells. Here, we report that when [Ca(2+)](i) handling was disrupted by blocking Ca(2+) uptake into the ER with two separate agents reported to block the sarco/endoplasmic calcium ATPase (SERCA), thapsigargin (1-5 microM) or insulin (200 nM), K(slow) was transiently potentiated and then inhibited. K(slow) amplitude could also be inhibited by increasing extracellular glucose concentration from 5 to 10 mM. The biphasic modulation of K(slow) by SERCA blockers could not be explained by a minimal mathematical model in which [Ca(2+)](i) is divided between two compartments, the cytosol and the ER, and K(slow) activation mirrors changes in cytosolic calcium induced by the burst protocol. However, the experimental findings were reproduced by a model in which K(slow) activation is mediated by a localized pool of [Ca(2+)] in a subspace located between the ER and the plasma membrane. In this model, the subspace [Ca(2+)] follows changes in cytosolic [Ca(2+)] but with a gradient that reflects Ca(2+) efflux from the ER. Slow modulation of this gradient as the ER empties and fills may enhance the role of K(slow) and [Ca(2+)] handling in influencing beta-cell electrical activity and insulin secretion.

Published
2002

138. Dynamical complexity and temporal plasticity in pancreatic beta-cells

Author

R, Bertram and A, Sherman

Subjects
Electrophysiology, Islets of Langerhans, Glucose, Nonlinear Dynamics, Biological Clocks, Animals, Humans, Calcium, Cell Communication, Cell Separation, Models, Biological, Acetylcholine, Ion Channels
Abstract

We discuss some of the biological and mathematical issues involved in understanding and modelling the bursting electrical activity in pancreatic beta-cells. These issues include single-cell versus islet behaviour, parameter heterogeneity, channel noise, the effects of hormones, neurotransmitters, and ions, and multiple slow biophysical processes. Some of the key experimental and modelling studies are described, and some of the major open questions are discussed.

Published
2000

139. [Dorsal lumbar interbody implantation of cages for stabilizing segmental spinal instabilities]

Author

O, Diedrich, C N, Kraft, R, Bertram, U, Wagner, and O, Schmitt

Subjects
Adult, Male, Reoperation, Titanium, Lumbar Vertebrae, Equipment Design, Prostheses and Implants, Middle Aged, Decompression, Surgical, Radiography, Postoperative Complications, Spinal Fusion, Alloys, Humans, Female, Spondylolisthesis, Aged, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

The technique of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) has been critically discussed due to a high degree of complications, including the development of pseudarthrosis. With the recent establishment of intercorporeal implants new aspects have to be contemplated in surgical techniques, especially concerning the posterior approach. In this study we present our first results after intercorporeal stabilisation of segmental spinal instabilities utilising carbon and titanium cages.45 spinal instabilities were surgically stabilised in 42 patients who were evaluated on average for 2.8 years post-operatively. 12 patients had isthmic and 19 patients degenerative instabilities while 11 patients suffered from instabilities resulting from prior spinal surgery.Assessed according to the Hambly-score, 69% of the patients had an excellent or good result; 2 (4.8%) patients were subjectively worse off than before surgical treatment. After implantation of cages precise radiological evaluation of bony ingrowth is frequently impaired by artefacts. We found that three months after implantation of a titanium cage, which had to be removed after incorrect placement, no bony consolidation was visible. Persisting or recurrent instabilities in fused segments were not recorded.By means of PLIF and implantation of cages the interbody space is reconstructed and jeopardized neural structures are decompressed. In addition to this, the frequently osteochondrotically degenerated segment is immobilized. The posterior approach allows decompression of neural structures and, with comparable results concerning stability, the considerable risks of the ventral approach are avoided.

Published
2000

140. Implications of G-protein-mediated Ca2+ channel inhibition for neurotransmitter release and facilitation

Author

R, Bertram and M, Behan

Subjects
Neurotransmitter Agents, Neuronal Plasticity, GTP-Binding Proteins, Models, Neurological, Synapses, Animals, Neural Inhibition, Calcium Channels
Abstract

G-protein-mediated inhibition of Ca2+ current is ubiquitous in neurons, and in synaptic terminals it can lead to a reduction in transmitter release (presynaptic inhibition). This type of Ca2+ current inhibition can often be relieved by prepulse depolarization, so the disinhibition of Ca2+ current can combine with Ca2+ -dependent mechanisms for activity-induced synaptic facilitation to amplify this form of short-term plasticity. We combine a mathematical model of a G-protein-regulated Ca2+ channel with a model of transmitter secretion to study the potential effects of G-protein-mediated Ca2+ channel inhibition and disinhibition on transmitter release and facilitation. We investigate several scenarios, with the goal of observing a range of behaviors that may occur in different synapses. We find that the effects of Ca2+ channel disinhibition depend greatly on the location and distribution of inhibited channels. Facilitation can be greatly enhanced if all channels are subject to inhibition or if the subpopulation of channels subject to inhibition are located closer to release sites than those insensitive to inhibition, an arrangement that has been suggested by recent experiments (Stanley and Mirotznik, 1997). We also find that the effect of disinhibition on facilitation is greater for longer action potentials. Finally, in the case of homosynaptic inhibition, where Ca2+ channel inhibition occurs through the binding of transmitter molecules to presynaptic autoreceptors, there will be little reduction in transmitter release during the first of two successive bursts of impulses. The reduction of release during the second burst will be significantly greater, and if the unbinding rate of autoreceptors is relatively low, then the effects of G-protein-mediated channel inhibition become more pronounced as the duration of the interburst interval is increased up to a critical point, beyond which the inhibitory effects become less pronounced. This is in contrast to presynaptic depression due to the depletion of the releasable vesicle pool, where longer interburst intervals allow for a more complete replenishment of the pool. Thus, G-protein-mediated Ca2+ current inhibition leads to a reduction in transmitter release, while having a highly variable amplifying effect on synaptic facilitation. The dynamic properties of this form of presynaptic inhibition are very different from those of vesicle depletion.

Published
1999

141. [Intermediate-term results with the Mecron screw cup acetabulum--a follow-up study]

Author

R, Bertram and R T, Müller

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Reoperation, Acetabulum, Middle Aged, Prosthesis Design, Survival Analysis, Osteoarthritis, Hip, Prosthesis Failure, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Postoperative Complications, Femur Head Necrosis, Humans, Female, Hip Prosthesis, Aged, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

The short term result of the cementless implanted titan screw cups (type Mec-Ring) has been very encouraging. The study was aimed to show the survival rate in the middle term.The survival rate of 111 implanted acetabular titan screw cups (type Mec-Ring) was determined in a retrospective study. 85 patients (= 76.5%) could be followed up after 6.7 years (5-8.5 years).38 Implants had to be removed during the follow up period (34.2%). Taking into account the radiologic loosening in addition 22 cups were defined as failure (19.8%). Overall 36 (32.4%) cups showed excellent or good clinical results with 85 points according to the Harris-Hip-Score. 15 of the 22 radiologic loose implants showed only little or no pain. Considering the removed implants the probability of survival is 69% after 7 years. Defining the radiologic loose implants as failure the survival rate is 54%.X-rays have to be taken frequently to determine bone loosening early with subsequent revision operation. The survival rate is to low compared to other types of fixation. Therefore acetabular titan screw cups (type Mec-Ring) should not be used any more.

Published
1998

142. Non-framework aluminium in highly dealuminated y zeolites generated by steaming or substitution

Author

W. Lutz, E. Löffler, Michael Fechtelkord, R. Bertram, and E. Schreier

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, Chemistry, Aluminate, Inorganic chemistry, Substitution (logic), Steaming, chemistry.chemical_element, respiratory system, complex mixtures, respiratory tract diseases, chemistry.chemical_compound, Aluminosilicate, Aluminium, Negative charge
Abstract

Non-framework aluminium formed in steamed DAY-T or substituted and aluminate DAY-Salum zeolites constitutes Al-rich aluminosilicates with 4-fold coordinated aluminium. Its negative charge is compensated by highly condensed Al/O (DAY-T) and Na cations (DAY-S).

Published
1997

143. Multiwavelength observations of short time-scale variability in NGC 4151. II. Optical observations

Author

S. Kaspi, D. Maoz, H. Netzer, B. M. Peterson, T. Alexander, A. J. Barth, R. Bertram, F.-Z. Cheng, K. K. Chuvaev, R. A. Edelson, A. V. Filippenko, S. Hemar, L. C. Ho, O. Kovo, T. Matheson, R. W. Pogge, B.-C. Qian, S. M. Smith, R. M. Wagner, H. Wu, S.-J. Xue, and Z.-L. Zou

Subjects
Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Flux, Order (ring theory), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Light curve, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy, Wavelength, Amplitude, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Continuum (set theory), Emission spectrum, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

We present the results of an intensive ground-based spectrophotometric monitoring campaign of the Seyfert galaxy NGC~4151 for a period of over two months, with a typical temporal resolution of one day. Light curves for four optical continuum bands and the H$\alpha$ and H$\beta$ emission lines are given. During the monitoring period, the continuum at 6925~\AA\ varied by $\sim$17\% while the continuum at 4600~\AA\ varied by $\sim$35\%, with larger variations in the near UV. The wavelength dependence of the variation amplitude also extends into the far UV. The dependence in the 2700$-$7200~\AA\ range can be explained by the different relative starlight contributions at different wavelengths, but the large variability at 1275~\AA\ cannot be explained in this way. The continuum variability timescale is of order 13 days and is similar at all optical wavelength bands. No evidence for a time lag between the optical continuum and the UV continuum and emission lines was found. The H$\alpha$ emission line flux varied by about 12\% with a gradual rise throughout the campaign. Its cross correlation with the continuum light curve gives a lag of $0-2$ days. The variations in the H$\beta$ emission line flux are about 30\% and lag the continuum by 0$-$3 days. This is in contrast to past results where a time lag of 9$\pm$2 days was found for both emission lines. This may be due to a different variability timescale of the {\em{ionizing}} continuum, or to a real change in the BLR gas distribution in the 5.5 years interval between the two campaigns., Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX (including aas2pp4 and epsf), including 10 PostScript figures; To appear in the ApJ (October 20, 1996) Vol. 470

Published
1996

144. Oberschenkelbrüche (31:33) Operative Konzepte — Methoden — Implantatwahl

Author

U. Scherbel, R. Lefering, H. Troidl, Th. Tiling, E. Euler, St. Huber, S. Heining, L. Schweiberer, S. Kecskés, J. Thümmler, H. I. Yasar, W. Friedl, H. Herrmann, C. Dorow, E. Markgraf, F. Bonnaire, A. Hönninger, E. H. Kuner, A. Einert, E. Moser, S. Frenyo, J. Manninger, G. Kazár, P. Cserháti, Th. Lowatscheff, P. Verheyden, J. Beck, K. Weise, K. Sandner, E. Mayer, G. Voggenreiter, St. Assenmacher, W. Klaes, K. P. Schmit-Neuerburg, J. Degreif, L. Rudig, M. Runkel, P. M. Rommens, R. Volkmann, Ch. Eingartner, M. Pütz, S. Weller, S. Prinz, R. Letsch, D. Büscher, K.-H. Müller, I. Kempf, G. Taglang, E. Favreul, A. Grosse, F. Holmenschlager, Th. Schilling, U. Redlich, St. Winkler, L. Schroeder, R. Schulz, St. Elenz, R. Hoffmann, P. Südkamp, D. Tralles, E. Schwarz, S. Paraskevas, D. Louverdis, P. Kontos, G. Strouboulas, Ch. Krettek, P. Schandelmaier, R. Bertram, H. Tscherne, E. Köck, R. Ketterl, A. Dávid, T. Hüfner, J. Richter, P. Ullrich, K. Walther, H. Gellner, L. Wessel, C.-S. Seyfriedt, St. Holland-Cunz, A. Sommer, W. Klein, H. Rieger, H.-S. Neuman, J. Fühner, U. Obertacke, F. Neudeck, L. C. Olivier, K.-P. Schmit-Neuerburg, K. Abdussalam, W. Schlickewei, E. Kuner, W. Braun, M. Markmiller, A. Rüter, P. Heini, D. Höntzsch, K. Kundel, N. Haas, E. Schwab, C. Bretschneider, K. Wenda, B. Könemann, J. Rudolf, A. Leitner, G. Blome, W. Köstler, U. Schmidtmann, W. Knopp, K. M. Stürmer, M. Aufmkolk, P. Mai, A. Kotter, U. von Salis-Soglio, St. Naumann, K. Sander, P. Hochstein, St. Pfrengle, H. Winkler, A. Wentzensen, I. Marzi, St. Weber, W. Fries, W. Mutschler, St. Kolbeck, M. Schütz, N. Südkamp, D. Sander, H.-G. Breyer, R. Teiser, F. Laudy, R. Beisse, O. Gonschorek, B. Schupfner, V. Bühren, A. Pommer, D. Pape, G. Muhr, M. Kettrukat, M. Pröbstel, M. Börner, O. Holbein, G. Bauer, L. Kinzl, R. Feil, Ch. Josten, A. Ekkernkamp, Th. Gössung, R. Wagner, A. Weckbach, C. Mella, Ch. Eggers, W. Lungershausen, M. Schumann, P. Ostermann, M. P. Hahn, H. M. J. Janzing, B. Stockman, G. Van Damme, P. Broos, R. A. Laun, P. A. W. Ostermann, W. A. Menth-Chiari, G. E. Wozasek, V. Vécsei, Ph. Vichard, P. Garbuio, B. E. Elias, and E. Gagneux

Published
1996

145. Synthesis and characterization of KY3F10:Yb:Nd:Tm crystals

Author

Izilda Marcia Ranieri, Laércio Gomes, Lilia Coronato Courrol, H. M. Silva, Sonia Licia Baldochi, and R Bertram

Subjects
History, Materials science, Energy transfer, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, medicine.disease_cause, Photochemistry, Photon upconversion, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Ion, Thulium, chemistry, law, medicine, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Ultraviolet, Diode
Abstract

Energy transfer processes that generate thulium blue and ultraviolet emissions by upconversion were studied in KY3F10:Tm (KY3F:Tm), using Nd3+ and Yb3+ as sensitizers of Tm3+. The upconversion mechanisms were determined by exciting into the Nd and Tm absorption bands with a diode laser at 797nm. It was observed that the intensity of the Tm3+ blue and ultraviolet emissions in 484, 453, 366 and 350 nm were very dependent of the Yb3+ concentration in the samples, confirming that the main energy transfer processes involve Nd3+ and Yb3+ ions. KY3F10:Nd (1.3 mol%):Tm (0.5 mol%) crystals codoped with 5, 10, 20 and 30 mol% Yb were prepared by slow cooling from the melt, to establish the optimal Yb concentration that maximizes the Nd3+→Yb3+→Tm3+ energy transfer.

Published
2010

147. Multiple releasable fluorescein labels for immunoassay: the principle illustrated by an immunoassay for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus

Author

V. M. R. Bertram, M. P. Bailey, and Bernard F. Rocks

Subjects
030213 general clinical medicine, HIV Antigens, Clinical Biochemistry, Fluoroimmunoassay, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, HIV Antibodies, Virus, Immunoglobulin G, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Labelling, medicine, Humans, Fluorescein, Fluorescein isothiocyanate, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, General Medicine, Fluoresceins, Molecular biology, Fluorescence, chemistry, Immunoassay, biology.protein, Antibody
Abstract

Attempts to increase the sensitivity of fluorescein-based fluorescence immunoassays by using multiple labelling have generally been unsuccessful because of concentration quenching. We have labelled antibodies to human immunoglobulin G with multiple fluorescein fluorophores attached by means of a disulphide linkage: this linkage can be rapidly and easily broken by treatment with dithiothreitol, allowing fluorescein to be released from the antibody and measured in free solution. Application of this technique to a fluorescence labelled immunosorbent assay for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus gave an approximately 20-fold increase in signal compared with an equivalent assay using fluorescein isothiocyanate.

Published
1991

148. Assessment of the 2.4 km run as a predictor of aerobic capacity

Author

S C, Burger, S R, Bertram, and R I, Stewart

Subjects
Adult, Male, Oxygen Consumption, Adolescent, Physical Fitness, Humans, Regression Analysis, Running
Abstract

Since the 2.4 km run time test is routinely used in military training programmes as an indicator of aerobic capacity and its possible improvement, an attempt was made to: (i) establish a regression equation of VO2max v. 2.4 km run time in a group of 20 young military volunteers; and (ii) determine whether this equation could be used to predict VO2max reliably from the 2.4 km time obtained from another group. Before and after training, VO2max was measured in all subjects using a treadmill test, and 2.4 km run time was determined in the field. Linear regression equations using the 2.4 km run time as the independent variable accounted for 76-92% of the variance in VO2max, while the standard error of the estimate varied from 2.24-2.91 ml/kg/min. In the second test group, the directly measured VO2max was 59.89 +/- 0.99 ml/kg/min, while the mean value estimated from the regression equation of the first group was 59.61 +/- 1.16 ml/kg/min (P less than 0.001). It was concluded that, in the population studied, the 2.4 km run time in the field reliably predicts VO2max measured during treadmill exercise in the laboratory.

Published
1990

149. Weight loss in obese women--exercise v. dietary education

Author

S R, Bertram, I, Venter, and R I, Stewart

Subjects
Adult, Diet, Reducing, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Nutritional Sciences, Weight Loss, Humans, Female, Obesity, Exercise, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

It was postulated that a nutrition-education programme was as effective an adjunct to a diet-based weight-loss programme as an exercise regimen. Forty-five obese female volunteers were placed on the same 5,000 kJ diet and were then assigned to each of three therapy groups: (i) an exercise group, involving three 1-hour exercise sessions per week (15 women); (ii) a lecture group involving a weekly 1-hour group lecture session (15); and (iii) a control group (15) who received only the diet and no activity. Weight loss, body fat loss (%) and daily energy intake reductions were equally reduced in the subjects in all three groups who completed the programme. There was, however, a significantly higher dropout rate in the control group. Taking this into account, the weight loss in the two test groups was similar and greater than that of the control group. We conclude that, in the short term, dietary education was as effective as exercise in promoting dietary compliance and weight loss.

Published
1990

150. Human chorionic gonadotrophin and weight loss. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Author

B, Bosch, I, Venter, R I, Stewart, and S R, Bertram

Subjects
Placebos, Clinical Trials as Topic, Adipose Tissue, Double-Blind Method, Weight Loss, Body Composition, Humans, Patient Compliance, Female, Obesity, Energy Intake, Chorionic Gonadotropin, Lipids
Abstract

Low-dose human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) combined with a severe diet remains a popular treatment for obesity, despite equivocal evidence of its effectiveness. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the effects of HCG on weight loss were compared with placebo injections. Forty obese women (body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2) were placed on the same diet supplying 5,000 kJ per day and received daily intramuscular injections of saline or HCG, 6 days a week for 6 weeks. A psychological profile, hunger level, body circumferences, a fasting blood sample and food records were obtained at the start and end of the study, while body weight was measured weekly. Subjects receiving HCG injections showed no advantages over those on placebo in respect of any of the variables recorded. Furthermore, weight loss on our diet was similar to that on severely restricted intake. We conclude that there is no rationale for the use of HCG injections in the treatment of obesity.

Published
1990

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