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Sex education programs need to modify their focus in light of changing societal norms and increasing exposure to pornography. This study investigates what adolescents want to know about the sexuality of the opposite sex. This will allow practitioners to adjust sex education curricula to the needs of adolescents, thereby supporting the establishment of healthy, respectful, and sexually fulfilling relationships. Two thousand three hundred forty-three adolescents from the age of 11–19 years (123 classes) were asked to formulate questions addressed to the opposite sex as part of peer-led sex education classes, where girls and boys were divided into separate groups. Groups of 10–12 individuals each formulated about 11 questions, resulting in a total of 2,625 questions. The questions were categorized using content analysis. The largest portion of questions addressed sexual interaction (35.8%), with many questions further addressing sexual preference (e.g., oral sex, sex positions) and the logistics and qualitative aspects of first-time sexual intercourse. Adolescents were also interested in questions about the body (e.g., anatomy, body hair, 15.2%), relationships (e.g., love, dating, 13.9%), ideal characteristics of men/women (10.5%), masturbation (10.1%), and pornography (7.3%). Adolescents show a high degree of interest in understanding the feelings and perceptions of the opposite sex. Acquiring this knowledge could be beneficial in building emotionally and physically fulfilling relationships. To increase adolescents' sexual and relationship competence, sexual education curricula should encompass pleasure and desire aspects of sexuality, initiating and managing relationships, societal ideals, and addressing pornography, in addition to sexual and reproductive health knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erectile difficulties are common after prostate cancer (PCa) treatment and are associated with sexual distress. However, the relationship between erectile function and sexual distress has yet to be carefully examined. This study had three goals: (1) examine the relationship between erectile function and sexual distress; (2) determine groups of men based on erectile function and sexual distress; and (3) examine the psychosexual characteristics of these groups. A cross section of 233 sexually active men after PCa treatment (age M = 64.90 years, SD = 7.50) completed an online survey containing demographic, health, and sexuality and relationship questionnaires. The relationship between erectile function and sexual distress was curvilinear. Four groups of men were found: good erectile function and low sexual distress, poor erectile function and high sexual distress, but also good erectile function yet high sexual distress, and poor erectile function and low sexual distress. Regardless of erectile function, men with greater sexual distress were more depressed, reported additional sexual concerns, placed less value on sex, were less sexually satisfied, and used protective buffering communication more frequently. They were also less likely to be satisfied with their adaptation to sexual changes and less likely to have found a solution to those changes. The relationship between erectile function and sexual distress is complex, characterized by a wide array of responses to erectile function (high and low distress) and multiple correlates of sexual distress. These results broaden the concept of sexual recovery after PCa treatment, which may assist clinicians and researchers to better address sexual problems after PCa treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have examined a number of typologies of juvenile sex offenders, including victim age. Using data from psychological evaluations and the Multiphasic Sex Inventory‐II (MSI‐II; [Psychological assessment of sex offenders, 2010]), this study compared child offenders (i.e., victims were more than 4 years younger), peer offenders (i.e., victims were 4 years younger or less), and mixed offenders (i.e., both child and peer victims) on variables including victim, offender, and offense characteristics, and psychosexual development. Peer offenders had more severe sexual offenses, prior status/nonviolent charges, and issues with sexual functioning. Mixed offenders began offending at a younger age and were indiscriminate in gender and relationship of the victim. Mixed offenders were also more likely than child and peer offenders to have prior sex offender treatment, meaning they had previously failed treatment. As juvenile sex offenders are a heterogeneous group, these research findings suggest that child offenders, peer offenders, and mixed offenders' treatment needs differ from each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the test which demonstrate knowledge of a study that explore the role of psychosexual functioning in the decision to have prophylactic treatment and the subsequent experiences of women of childbearing age diagnosed with a BRCA1/BRCA2 gene mutation.

The article "Gender Identity in Flux: Editorial" discusses the increasing attention to the topic of gender identity in psychoanalysis. It points out that more and more people with gender dysphoria are coming to practices and seeking solutions to be able to live in their desired gender. The article emphasizes the changing nature of gender identity in the context of societal developments and the challenges this poses for psychosexual development. It also highlights that sexual identity is a fluid process that needs to be renegotiated repeatedly. The article concludes by focusing on the psychoanalytic perspective on this change and the dissolution of the binary concept of sexuality. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper I attempt a critical evaluation of psychoanalytic theories of women's psychosexual development to determine whether there is coherence between theories over time and evaluate new insights from psychoanalysis and related disciplines. These will be explored in relation to the socio-cultural environment, particularly the influence of the feminist movement, on ways that women can be thought about and can think about themselves. I take the seminal framework of Freud's Oedipus complex as a starting point, with reference to the separation of identification and desire at the Oedipal stage, and retain a particular focus on identification as an area both overlooked and with a potential for rethinking existing ideas. The symbolic meaning of the penis/phallus and the relationship with a father/other is considered from a variety of perspectives.The question of female desire is also explored in relation to heterosexual and homosexual orientations. I contest that for a more comprehensive understanding of female psychic development it may be helpful to take a less binary approach and to include a consideration of the gendered implications of what is available to be taken in from existing socio-cultural structures via interpersonal relationships. The concept of identification is proposed as a vehicle for examining these links between inner and outer worlds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infants born prematurely may lack full term exposure to the prenatal milieu responsible for late-term sexual differentiation, with possible consequences on psychosexual development. This study assessed gender identity, sexual orientation, and adult sexual responses in men and women born either preterm or full term. An online survey was administered to 106 biological males (36 preterm) and 195 biological females (64 preterm). Preterm women identified less exclusively as heterosexual and preterm men reported higher sex interest and shorter orgasmic latency. Preterm birth may interfere with typical prenatal sexual differentiation, with potential effects on sexual orientation and adult sexual responsivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theory of matriarchy still enjoys wide popularity, even among psychoanalysts. Following Freud' ideas, they invoke the passage from matriarchy to patriarchy as a historical analogue to the individual psychosexual development. After a review of anthropological discussions, some hypotheses vis-a-vis this persistence are proposed: matriarchy is a secular cosmogonic myth, developed within the evolutionary paradigm; a fantasy of origin of mankind within the mother's primacy constellation, both defensive formations against underlying anxieties constitutive of societal institution. Having recourse to Peirce's and Green's concept of thirdness, a critical approach of linearity is undertaken. Finally, a structural correlation between gynaecocracy and matriarchal theory is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association between felt gender typicality (self-perceived similarity to the same-gender peer group) and psychosocial adjustment (self-esteem, peer social competence, depression, victimization, and aggression) was examined in a sample of early adolescents in New Delhi, India (N = 296, 130 girls, mean age = 12.73 years). We also explored whether adolescents' gender-differentiating cognitions (felt pressure for gender conformity, work sexism, and entity beliefs) affect their adjustment, alone and in interaction with felt typicality. Results indicated that felt typicality was associated with higher self-esteem in girls and in older adolescents, with lower depression in older adolescents, and with higher peer social competence. Gender-differentiating beliefs were especially detrimental to girls' and younger adolescents' psychosocial adjustment, with mixed results for boys' adjustment. Gender beliefs also moderated the influence of felt typicality on adjustment. Felt atypicality was associated with greater depression and aggression when adolescents also reported strongly sexist beliefs; and with greater victimization for older adolescents who had high felt pressure or work sexism. Further, boys with strong entity beliefs failed to derive peer social competence from felt typicality. Results indicate that gender self-discrepancy—a disconnect between how one sees oneself in relation to the same-gender peer group and how one feels one's gender should be—is problematic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the current study was to better understand the development of gender typicality in young adulthood by applying the dual-identity approach to gender typicality, previously developed with children, to a university sample. Participants (n = 215, Mage = 20.20 years; 62% female) were asked to rate their perceived similarity to both own- and other-gender peers. They also completed questionnaires assessing sexist attitudes, internalized sexualization (females), adherence to male-typed behaviors in the context of interpersonal relationships (males; adherence to physical toughness and restrictive emotional expressivity), gender-based relationship efficacy, friendships, self-esteem, social self-efficacy, and social anxiety. Results indicated that self-perceived gender typicality involves comparisons to both gender groups, and that meaningful typologies can be created based on similarity to own- and other-gender groups. As with children, results indicated that identifying with one's own gender was advantageous in terms of low social anxiety and relationships with own-gender peers. For adults who identified with both own- and other-gender peers, we identified additional social benefits (i.e., efficacy and friendships with other-gender peers). Further, we identified a downside to own-gender typicality: individuals who identified only with their own gender had more sexist attitudes than those who identified with the other gender. Findings support the viability of the dual-identity approach in young adults, and have implications for researchers assessing gender typicality across development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe mental disorder that is characterized by unstable relationships, impulsive behaviours and identity disturbance. BPD usually has its onset between puberty and young adulthood and presents disproportionately among females in clinical settings. Taken together, this makes young women with BPD a particularly vulnerable group with regard to healthy psychosexual development. It was hypothesized that female youth with BPD pathology would be more likely to score worse on measures of sexual health and safety, and to show greater uncertainty in sexual identity formation. Methods: Fifty 15 to 24 yr‐old females with 3 or more Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‐IV) BPD criteria were compared with 204 females from a nationally representative sample. Both groups were interviewed using a comprehensive interview for sexual health and relationships. The patient group completed a structured diagnostic interview. Results: Young women with borderline personality pathology engaged in sexual relationships at a younger age, with more sexual partners in the previous year, in more casual relationships. They were more likely to practice unsafe sex for their first sexual experience, to be coerced into unwanted sexual activity, to be unclear about their sexual identity or their sexual attraction, and to report worse overall health status. Conclusions: BPD pathology in youth is associated with poor sexual health and safety, and uncertainty in sexual identity formation. These findings support the need for assessment of the sexuality and sexual health of youth with BPD, along with the need for routine screening in sexual health services for BPD features among high‐risk youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following is a review article on psychosexual development and functioning of persons with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). The article discusses how the diagnosed qualities of the autistic spectrum in two main areas, i.e. difficulties in social contacts and specific behaviors (according to DSM-5), affect the development of psychosexual experiences. The first area encompasses: difficulties in building relationships with peers, problems in nonverbal communication, deficits in social skills such as compliance with social rules in relationships and empathy. The second area includes the role of specific interests, adherence to routine and specificity of sensory functioning (being oversensitive or undersensitive). The article examines the significance of following the rules, honesty, responsibility, altruism, and disorders (such as anxiety and depression) in persons with ASD for their social and psychosexual functioning. The main aspects of psychosexual experiences investigated in the article are: gender and sexual identity, partner relationships (friendships and intimate relationships), sexual behaviors (in a relationship, outside the relationship, like masturbation). Within these aspects categories of experiences, sensations, needs, attitudes, desires, expectations, and difficulties are analyzed. Special attention was devoted to adolescence in persons with ASD. Differences in experiences of persons with ASD were presented with reference to the complexity and variety of autistic spectrum disorders both in the quantitative and the qualitative dimension. Thorough assessment of the situation, including individual possibilities and limitations, and their environmental determinants is crucial to really understand the issue and avoid taking a stereotypical approach to interpreting problems related to i.e. emotional-affectionate experiences of persons with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study set out to better understand how sexual entertainment media may be related to college students' heteronormative beliefs about sexuality and how these beliefs may be related to college students' hesitance toward resisting unwanted hookups. In a 2-month two-panel survey, cross-lagged models found 292 U.S. college women's sexual media habits were related to higher endorsement of heteronormative scripts, and their endorsement of heteronormative scripts were related to a hesitance toward resisting unwanted hookups. In addition, a half longitudinal mediation model found college women's sexual media habits were indirectly related to a greater hesitance toward resisting unwanted hookups through their endorsement of heteronormative scripts. The same analyses involving 88 U.S. college men were not significant, although the sample size for men did not reach the level needed for statistical power. These results provide some initial evidence that college women's, but not men's, hesitance toward resisting unwanted hookups could be related to beliefs reinforced by their habits regarding sexual entertainment media, which suggests the importance of educating young adult women about sexual agency, consent, and how to combat the role to which they are relegated within heteronormative scripts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Hacettepe University Faculty of Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Intimacy and psychosexual development represent core problems of anorexia nervosa (AN). Experiential and neurobiological evidence however is scarce. Material and methods: Thirty‐one female AN patients were compared with 35 non‐patients (NP) and 22 recovered participants (REC) by using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants viewed pictures of couples in intimate relationships and control stimuli. Results: AN patients experienced intimate stimuli with lower valence and dominance. AN showed decreased activation of parietal cortices. NP decreased the prefrontal cortex response, which AN patients did not. REC participants did not differ from NP on a behavioural level, though with regard to the neural signature. Discussion Parietal cortices are related to processing of erotic themes, which seems to be deficient in AN. Dysfunction of prefrontal cortices likely mirrors dysfunctional control in AN. The neural signature does not seem to be state‐related considering results of REC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CONTEXT: Black females in the United States disproportionately suffer from STDs, including HIV. Understanding the sociocultural conditions that affect their risk is essential to developing effective and culturally relevant prevention programs. METHODS: In 2016–2017 in Madison, Wisconsin, 20 black females aged 19–62 completed interviews that explored the sociocultural conditions associated with sexual development and STD/HIV risk. Interviews were guided by grounded theory; open, axial and selective coding and constant comparative analysis were used to identify developmental phases and relevant sociocultural conditions. RESULTS: Three phases of becoming a sexual black woman were identified: Girl, when participants reported beginning to understand their sexuality; Grown, marking a transition to adulthood, when participants began to feel more self‐sufficient yet still grappled with their emerging sexuality; and Woman, when participants developed a strong sense of self and took ownership of their bodies. Two sociocultural conditions affected progression through these phases: stereotype messaging and protection (both self‐protection and protecting others). Negative life events (e.g., sexual trauma) and early sexualization reportedly affected sexual development, and STD experience influenced self‐perceptions of sexuality and sexual behavior, often leading to self‐protective behaviors. Older participants reported strategies to protect young black females from negative sexual experiences. CONCLUSION: Interventions at multiple levels of the social ecology throughout the life course may help reduce STD/HIV risk among black women in the United States. Future research should include examination of the experiences of black females younger than 18 and evaluation of the protective strategies employed by older black females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Historica. Historia Contemporánea is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose We evaluated psychosocial outcomes, psychosexual development and sexual function in adolescents who had undergone surgery for proximal hypospadias. We hypothesized that these outcomes would be impaired compared to peers. Materials and Methods We identified 55 males age 14 years or older who underwent surgery for penoscrotal to perineal (intraoperatively defined) hypospadias between 1996 and 2005. A total of 33 patients with a median age of 17.5 years (range 14 to 25) answered a Web based questionnaire with self-constructed questions, completed the validated Psychological General Well-Being Index, Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults and Penile Perception Score, and underwent clinical evaluation. A total of 31 patients with distal hypospadias (median age 19 years, range 14 to 35) and 25 age matched healthy men (17.5 years, range 14 to 25) served as controls. Results Interest in sex, age at sexarche and satisfaction with sexual experiences were comparable between patients and controls. Three patients with proximal hypospadias (10%) and 1 control (4%) reported occasional erectile problems. Three patients with proximal hypospadias (11%), 1 patient with distal hypospadias (3%) and 1 control (4%) affirmed anejaculation. There were no differences in results between validated questionnaires. Patients with proximal hypospadias were more dissatisfied with penile length (39%) compared to controls (12%, p = 0.049). Concerning physical contact, 10 patients (38%) expressed uncertainty. Extra support in school was more frequent among patients with proximal hypospadias (p = 0.024 vs distal hypospadias, p = 0.068 vs control group). Conclusions Despite concerns regarding penile length, sexual experiences were comparable to those of other adolescents, although more than a third of patients with proximal hypospadias demonstrated uncertainty on questions relating to desire for physical contact. Specialized tutoring in school was more common in patients with proximal hypospadias. Continuous followup throughout childhood allowing extra time for age adequate information and support is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Little is known about pregnancy rates and outcome in women with motoric disabilities like cerebral palsy (CP) and even less in phocomelia. Objective: To show complications and psychosocial issues in relation to pregnancy burdened by impaired mobility in CP and phocomelia. Case report: We present an overview of the pregnancy outcome in two cases of sisters with cerebral palsy and phocomelia. We show complications and psychosocial issues in relation to pregnancy burdened by impaired mobility. Both sisters had a successful pregnancy outcome. Conclusion: There is a need to increase awareness, education, support, and advocacy in order to optimize pregnancy course and outcome in women with CP and phocomelia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the authors discuss health issues on the intersection between sexual development and gender diversity. Also cited are the components of the gender affirmative treatment (GAT) like social interventions, hormone treatment and gender affirming surgery (GAS), the study which analyzed the sexual behaviors of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth during and after GAT, and the importance of GAT in validating gender identity and expression.

Self-confidence plays an important role in both genders’ sexual functioning. Lack of genital self-esteem may have negative effects on psychosexual development, especially in males, where deviations from a standardized normal penile appearance can lead to inhibitions in entering into sexual relationships. The aim of our study was to evaluate the informativeness of studied domains of the Global Sexual Functioning (GSF) questionnaire and sexual functioning of patients surgically treated in childhood for different types of hypospadias. We evaluated 63 males with hypospadias and 60 healthy age- and gender-matched controls. The GSF questionnaire was used to estimate psychosexual function as a long-term follow-up after the surgical correction of hypospadias in the patient and control groups. Sexual activity (p = 0.017), arousal (p = 0.033) and orgasmic abilities (p = 0.002) values were significantly increased in patients. Strong correlation was noticed between sexual activity and sexual desire (R = 0.872); arousal and sexual desire (R = 0.753), as well as orgasmic and erectile abilities (R = 0.769). Different domains of psychosexual functioning in the patient group correlated with each other to various degrees, resulting in a heterogeneous expression of psychosexual dysfunctions, implicating the necessity of a personalized treatment approach.

The article provides a conceptual framework of variables likely interconnected to protective factors for sexually abusive youth associated with the Family Lovemap Aggregate of MEGA♪, a risk assessment tool for sexually abusive youth. Family Lovemap Aggregate is composed of the ingredients family's familial bio-physio-neuro-psycho-sexio-social history and culture including transmissible predispositions related to erotic development. Intimacy deficits are discussed, specifically their association to erotically related protective factors extrapolated from a variety of data points and sources. This includes findings of sizable study samples of the MEGA♪ validation (N = 1184), cross-validation (N = 1056), a second cross validation study (N = 543), a third cross-validation (N = 1,118 [1979-2017] Miccio-Fonseca, 2017c). Also included combined samples of cross validation studies (N = 2,717 [1979-2017] Miccio-Fonseca, 2017d); combined samples of validation and cross validation studies N = 3,901 [1979-2017] Miccio-Fonseca, 2017e). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. This study aimed to investigate the cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in neonates from singleton pregnancies with preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) between 24+0 and 36+6 weeks by using regression analysis for various factors. Methods. In 175 singleton pregnancies with pPROM, 95 cases of RDS (54,29%) were diagnosed. In all cases the following information was collected: latency period of PROM, gestational age at birth, Umbilical Artery Pulsatility Index (UA PI), Middle Cerebral Artery Pulsatility Index (MCA PI), fetal distress, antenatal steroids use, delivery type, pregnancy hypertension disease, gestational glucose intolerance or diabetes, neonatal laboratory parameters, gender, weight, Apgar score, and other neonatal complications. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of variables on RDS. Results. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the following variables are closely correlated with RDS: female gender (OR=0.52; 95%CI:0.28-0,97), antenatal steroids use (OR=0,46; 95%CI:0,34-0,64), abnormal UA PI and MCA PI (OR=2.96; 95%CI:1,43-6,12) (OR=2.05; 95%CI:1,07-3,95), fetal distress (OR=2.33; 95%CI:1,16-4,71), maternal HGB (OR=0.69; 95%CI:0,5-0,96), and neonatal RBC, HGB (OR=0.32; 95%CI:0,19-0,55) (OR=0.75; 95%CI:0,65-0,88). Conclusions. The main RDS risk factors in premature neonates are gender, abnormal fetoplacental circulation, and fetal distress. The laboratory parameters such as lower RBC and HGB count are observed in infants with RDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supramolecular striatin-interacting phosphatases and kinases (STRIPAK) complex is conserved from yeast to human, and regulates a variety of key biological processes. In animals, this complex consists of the scaffold protein striatin, the protein phosphatase 2A, and kinases, such as germinal center kinase (GCK) III and GCKIV family members, as well as other associated proteins. The STRIPAK complex was identified as a negative regulator of the Hippo pathway, a large eukaryotic signaling network with a core composed of a GCK and a nuclear Dbf2-related kinase. The signaling architecture of the Hippo core resembles the fungal septation initiation network (SIN) that regulates cytokinesis in fission yeast as well as septation in filamentous fungi. In the filamentous model fungus Sordaria macrospora, core components of the STRIPAK complex have been functionally described and the striatin homolog PRO11 has been shown to interact with the GCK SmKIN3. However, the exact role of SmKIN3 in fungal development has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we provide comprehensive genetic and functional analysis of SmKIN3 from S. macrospora. Using deletion mutants and site-directed mutagenesis, along with phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis, we provide compelling evidence that SmKIN3 is involved in fruiting body formation, hyphal fusion, and septation. Strains carrying the ATP-binding mutant SmKIN3K39R, as well as a double-deletion strain lacking SmKIN3 and the core STRIPAK subunit PRO11, also revealed severe developmental defects. Collectively, this study suggests that SmKIN3 links both the SIN and STRIPAK complex, thereby regulating multiple key cellular processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Follow‐up data on patients with 46,XY partial gonadal dysgenesis (PGD) until adulthood are scarce, making information on prognosis difficult. Objective: To analyse the long‐term outcomes of patients with 46,XY PGD regarding testosterone production, germ cell tumour risk, genotype and psychosexual adaptation. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study of 33 patients (20 assigned male and 13 patients assigned female at birth). Molecular diagnosis was performed by Sanger sequencing or by targeted massively parallel sequencing of 63 genes related to disorders of sex development (DSDs). Results: Age at first and last visit ranged from 0.1 to 43 and from 17 to 53 years, respectively. Spontaneous puberty was observed in 57% of the patients. During follow‐up, six of them had a gonadectomy (four due to female gender, and two because of a gonadal tumour). At last evaluation, five of six patients had adult male testosterone levels (median 16.7 nmol/L, range 15.3‐21.7 nmol/L) and elevated LH and FSH levels. Germ cell tumours were found in two postpubertal patients (one with an abdominal gonad and one patient with Frasier syndrome). Molecular diagnosis was possible in 11 patients (33%). NR5A1 variants were the most prevalent molecular defects (n = 6), and four of five patients harbouring them developed spontaneous puberty. Gender change was observed in four patients, two from each sex assignment group; all patients reported satisfaction with their gender at final evaluation. Sexual intercourse was reported by 81% of both gender and 82% of them reported satisfaction with their sexual lives. Conclusion: Spontaneous puberty was observed in 57% of the patients with 46,XY PGD, being NR5A1 defects the most prevalent ones among all the patients and in those with spontaneous puberty. Gender change due to gender dysphoria was reported by 12% of the patients. All the patients reported satisfaction with their final gender, and most of them with their sexual life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To extend the limited research on psychosexual development among childhood cancer survivors, by not only focusing on the prevalence and age of milestone attainment, but also survivors' attitudes toward the timing of reaching such milestones.Methods: Adult survivors of childhood cancer (N = 90; Mage  = 29.8, SD = 5.2), recruited from a US pediatric institution, completed online surveys indicating whether they had reached 5 milestones of psychosexual development (ie, first kiss, first boy-/girlfriend, first physical intimacy, sexual debut, first time in love), age at attainment, and perceptions about the timing (ie, right time, wished it had happened earlier, wished they had waited).Results: Almost all survivors had reached each milestone (≥90%), except for sexual debut (83.3%). Survivors reported their first kiss as the earliest milestone at age 14.6 (N = 82, 92%) and falling in love as the latest milestone at age 18.8 (N = 80; 90%). This timing did not differ by sex/cancer-specific factors. Most survivors (~60%) felt they reached each milestone at the right time. Compared with US normative data, both male and female survivors were less likely to have experienced their sexual debut and were approximately 1.5 years older at sexual debut. Nevertheless, 59% of survivors felt that this timing was right and 31% wished they had waited longer.Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate that although childhood cancer survivors may delay some aspects of psychosexual development, most are satisfied with this timing. Research and clinical practice should emphasize survivors' perceptions/satisfaction toward psychosexual development rather than focusing only on normative milestone attainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although shame is a central affect running through all phases of psychosexual and social development, it is usually masked by guilt and therefore it is not readily recognised, explored, and understood within the therapeutic situation. Moreover, there is a tendency to treat all shame manifestations as if they operate at the same level. The author proposes the need to distinguish between two qualitatively discrete manifestations of shame states which, albeit intertwined, operate at different levels and require different understanding and technique: a primary, unconscious kind based on psychobiological survival and triggered by a condition of psychic and physical danger, and a secondary, social shame, mainly conscious, based heavily on vision and evoked in social situations. The natural, primary form of shame becomes pathological after catastrophic chronic exposure of the primitive ego to unthinkable anxieties. Such premature rupture of primary skin containment may result in omnipotence-based pathological organisations impeding or precluding acceptance of guilt and need for reparation. Pathological primary shame predisposes the individual to states of pathological secondary shame. When initial traumatic conditions are re-activated and re-experienced in therapy, they may trigger re-enactments and, possibly, a negative therapeutic reaction. Recognising variations and mixed states of primary and secondary shame states, especially when shame is compounded with guilt, can provide guidance in the assessment of the fragility of the ego, and therefore inform our technique and the therapeutic process. This theoretical position is discussed with the help of clinical material from a twice-weekly psychotherapy of a 16-year-old boy imbued with shame compounded with guilt, related to transgenerational objectification and dehumanising experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a critical commentary on the theories about transgender and gender non-conforming children. Topics discussed include desistence rate of gender dysphoria (GD), studies on the psychosexual outcome in gender variant children, and persistence and desistence of children’s distress caused by the gender incongruence.