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The study explores the influence of gender discrimination on the agricultural economic efficiency gap between women and men farmers in Nigeria's Kano State, as part of the USAID MARKETS II initiative. A structured questionnaire supported by an interview schedule was utilized to extract cross-sectional data from 189 participants selected by a multi-stage sample technique using a simple cost-route strategy. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to the acquired data. Gender disparity has both an effect and an impact on the farm economic efficiency of women farmers, putting them at a disadvantage compared to their male counterparts, according to scientific research. Besides, the extension gap which affected the farm economic efficiency of the women farmers compared to the men is due to gender stereotype. Further, in isolating the impact of gender differential, it was observed that gaps of technical and cost efficiencies between the two genders owe majorly to gender discrimination. In addition, both gender discrimination and the endowment factor had an equal contribution to the yield gap between the two groups. However, the profit efficiency gap between the genders is due majorly to endowment effect. In general, it can be concluded that gender discrimination, i.e. gender inequality and gender stereotype, has slowed the active engagement of women beneficiaries in the program, hence impeding the continuation of their farm businesses. As a result, in order for the program to be sustainable, it should include a gender budget in its strategy, allowing women to break the curse of gender inequality, which has limited access to and control over productive resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue des Sciences de l'Education is the property of Revue des Sciences de l'Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a population health problem linked to a myriad of negative psychological, physical, emotional, sexual and reproductive health outcomes for women. The movement towards working with boys and men over the past couple of decades has increased the number of interventions specifically directed at men who perpetrate violence against a female partner. There is little evidence-based research on key characteristics of effective interventions directed at men to reduce or prevent IPV against female partners. The objective of this systematic review is to identify interventions specifically directed at males , as the perpetrators of violence against women, that have proven to be effective in preventing or reducing intimate partner violence. Methods The following electronic databases will be used to search for peer-reviewed studies: MEDLINE (OVID), Embase (OVID), PsycInfo (OVID), CINAHL (EBSCO), Global Health (EBSCO), Gender Watch (ProQuest), Web of Science (Web of Knowledge), PROSPERO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Database (Ovid) and SCOPUS. We will include randomized control trials, non-randomized studies of interventions published in peer-reviewed journals and relevant unpublished manuscripts, books/chapters and clinical or programme study reports. Studies have to demonstrate direction of effect (i.e. pre-post intervention/difference between groups) in terms of prevention or reduction in the outlined outcomes. Primary outcomes include change in behaviour and knowledge of male perpetrator regarding the impact of IPV on women as well as women’s experience of IPV. Secondary outcomes include change in behaviours around substance use and social activities, decrease in negative mental health outcomes and interactions with law enforcement. Studies will be screened, appraised and extracted by two reviewers; any conflicts will be resolved through discussion. Narrative synthesis will be used to analyse and present findings. If sufficient and comparable data is available, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Discussion This review will provide synthesized evidence on interventions directed at males to reduce or prevent their perpetration of intimate partner violence against female partners. Implications for practice will include key characteristics of interventions proven to be effective based on evidence synthesis and certainty of findings. Recommendations for further research will also be considered. Systematic review registration This protocol was submitted for registration in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on September 4, 2020.

Introduction The first years after a first-episode psychosis are crucial, and a comprehensive approach is essential. Objectives Our objective is to observe the characteristics of patients attending Early Psychosis Intervention Programme in (PITP) of the Mental Health Clinical Management Unit (UGC) of the Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga between the years 2016-2020. Methods Data for this retrospective study were derived from 135 patients included in the PITP database between the years 2016-2020 from the Mental Health UGC of the Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga. Descriptive analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0. For the comparison of variables, Student’s t was used for quantitative variables and Chi square for dichotomous ones. Results 68% of the patients were men, compared to 32% women. The mean age of the patients at the beginning of the Programme was 30.76 years. 85% were 40 years or younger. 67.4% lived with their family of origin. 58.5% of the patients have had at least one hospitalization in Psychiatry. 45.9% of the patients were smokers, 33.3% consumed alcohol and 59.3% consumed other drugs. From the patients who started the Programme, 38.5% continue with the follow-up, 22.2% were discharged and 39.3% abandoned it. More results will be presented on the poster. Conclusions In conclusion, the patients included in the PITP of our UGC present characteristics compatible with the current bibliography. The high percentage of withdrawal from the Programme stands out, this being a very important point to address and improve. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Introduction The perinatal period constitutes a unique individual and family experience, involved in multifaceted transformations and adaptations at the physical, psychological, social, and emotional levels. This is the period in women’s life cycle where there is a higher risk for the development of mental illness. Objectives To introduce the perinatal mental health programme of the Hospital do Espírito Santo de Évora. The main objective is to structure an intervention with the woman and her support network to promote healthy parenting. Methods Implementing secondary and tertiary intervention approaches in a general and public hospital in the Alentejo region of Portugal. The programme is composed of the following components and domains of intervention in the pre-conception, pregnancy, and post-partum periods: individual consultation; brief intervention consultation; mindfulness sessions in the immediate postpartum period; home-based interventions; empowerment interventions for hospital and community healthcare professionals. Results It is expected that the project will result in a multidisciplinary approach to perinatal mental health, with significant impact, improved perinatal mental health of the women integrated in the project, as well as improved level of satisfaction in the provision of care in the woman/family. Conclusions Considering the prevalence and impact of mental health issues in the perinatal period, it is desirable to structure interventions with a holistic and multidisciplinary approach. Perinatal mental health should be prioritized during the entire process of pregnancy and postnatal period. A network of primary and secondary care systems may allow mitigating and/or overcoming vulnerabilities. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Cet article rend compte d’une étude comparative des programmes de français de Licence1 (L1) et de Licence3 (L3) et des manuels de français utilisés par l’IFERE dans le cadre de la FIDPE2 en Union des Comores. Notre constat est que les manuels de français utilisés à l’IFERE sont publiés en France en 2007. Et la maquette à la licence professionnelle est élaborée en 2014. Et pourtant les auteurs des manuels devraient s’inspirer de cette maquette. Ainsi, cette contribution, qui accorde une place privilégiée à l’évaluation et au développement des objets de formation, porte de manière spécifique sur le degré de conformité entre ces deux objets construits en termes d’orientations pédagogiques, didactiques et méthodologiques dans le contexte de l’enseignement en français. Pour ce faire, nous avons eu recours à la méthode qualitative d’analyse du contenu pour identifier les points de similitudes et les écarts. Les résultats de cette analyse ont indiqué qu’il y a une conformité partielle entre ces deux objets par rapport aux objectifs et aux orientations pédagogiques et didactiques. Néanmoins, un écart s’est relevé au niveau des orientations méthodologiques et de volume horaire. D’où, la nécessité de réviser ces manuels à partir de la transposition didactique interne pour envisager leur harmonisation parfaite avec ce nouveau programme et leur adaptation en fonction des besoins et des attentes des étudiants-maîtres

This paper explores the articulation of tectonic as a potential basis for developing and understanding architectural programme in the context of architectural education. The piece delivers a reflective discussion that puts tectonic beyond the art of joining. Instead, tectonic, which informs the way material performs, insinuates a capacity in supporting the students to generate the spatial programme and atmospheric quality for the development of their architecture project. In particular, the study suggests the importance of tectonic articulation in generating the above spatialities. The study investigates such tectonic articulation by reflecting through a second-year design studio project in Universitas Indonesia, which focuses on developing dwellings designs driven by tectonic-based architectural design method. Through reflecting the students' projects this paper put forward three aspects of tectonic articulation, each of which explores the formal iteration, the tectonic-programme relationship, and the tectonic-atmosphere relationship. The study demonstrates contribution in understanding how tectonic is explored throughout the design process, informing multiple stages of design.

Eliza Mi Ling Wong 1Doris YP Leung 1Hon Lon Tam 1Qun Wang 2Kai Wang Yeung 1Angela YM Leung 1 1School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Nursing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China Correspondence: Eliza Mi Ling WongSchool of Nursing, GH 521, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 852- 27666544Fax +86 852-2364 9663Email eliza.wong@polyu.edu.hk Purpose: This study aimed to examine the preliminary effect, feasibility, and acceptability of a lifestyle intervention program using a mobile application (app) versus the effect of a program using a booklet for adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Patients and Methods: This trial was conducted in two community centers of Hong Kong. Participants were included if they were adults with MetS, aged over 50, and able to use a smartphone. Eligible subjects were randomly assigned to either the app group or booklet group. Those in the booklet group received a health talk and a booklet, whereas those in the app group received a health talk and a MetS app to support their exercise maintenance and health records for 3 months. Both groups received similar educational content related to healthcare for MetS clients. Data were collected at baseline (T1) and at 1- (T2) and 3-month (T3) intervals. Outcomes were body weight (primary outcome), total amount of exercise, blood pressure, and lipid concentrations. Data were analyzed using the generalized estimating equation models. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed in process evaluation. Results: Ninety-eight individuals were screened for eligibility and 77 were randomized into the app group (n = 38) or booklet group (n = 39). The attrition rate at T3 was 11.690%. The app group showed a significant reduction in body weight (β = − 1.069, p = 0.012) and body mass index (β = − 0.371, p = 0.026), a greater amount of exercise (β = 8.454, p = 0.032), and improved exercise self-efficacy (β = 10.62, p = 0.001) within 3 months. There were no significant differences between groups for other outcomes. The participants appreciated the proposed intervention of the programme. Conclusion: The MetS app may be incorporated in the health promotion programme to support exercise maintenance and a healthy lifestyle in the community.Keywords: exercise, body weight, metabolic syndrome, intervention, programme, mobile application

Abstract Background There is a critical need for an intervention to improve nurses’ eating and physical activity behaviours. As nurses spend a substantial proportion of their waking hours at work, concerted efforts to deliver such interventions in the workplace is growing. This study formed part of a multiphase programme of research that aimed to systematically develop an evidence-based and theory-informed workplace intervention to promote changes in eating and physical activity among nurses. Methods The intervention was developed iteratively, in line with Medical Research Council complex intervention guidelines. It involved four activities: (1) identifying the evidence base, (2) understanding the determinants of nurses’ eating and physical activity behaviour change through theory-based qualitative interviews and survey, (3) identifying intervention options using the Behaviour Change Wheel, and (4) specifying intervention content and implementation options using a taxonomy of behaviour change techniques. Results Data from 13 randomised controlled trials indicated that workplace-based behaviour change interventions targeted to this population are effective in changing behaviour. The evidence base was, however, limited in quantity and quality. Nurses’ beliefs about important factors determining their eating and physical activity behaviour were identified across 16 qualitative interviews and 245 survey responses, and key determinants included environmental context and resources, behavioural regulation, emotion, beliefs about consequences, knowledge and optimism. Based on these findings, 22 behaviour change techniques suitable for targeting the identified determinants were identified and combined into a potential workplace intervention. Conclusions An evidence-based and theory-informed intervention tailored to the target population and setting has been explicitly conceptualised using a systematic approach. The proposed intervention addresses previous evidence gaps for the user population of nurses. Further to this, such an intervention, if implemented, has the potential to impact nurses’ eating and physical activity behaviours and in turn, the health of nurses and the quality of healthcare delivery.

The majority of studies in the current literature analyse cyberbullying at the secondary education stage. Nevertheless, although it has been shown that cybervictim and cyberbully roles may arise from the Primary School stage onwards, more research is still needed. The consequences of this problem can be manifested in indicators of psycho-social and psycho-emotional adjustment, harming not only the aggressor and the victim, but also the bystander. The aim of this study is to deepen the research and to analyse cyberbullying programmes implemented in primary schools in order to know their results and what are those factors on which the programmes are focused. Thus, a systematic and exhaustive search for empirical studies was carried out, with 17 programmes included in the review. It has been observed that cyberbullying prevention interventions from the first contact with technologies are effective in addressing and reducing cyberbullying-related behaviours. Specifically, emotional competence, self-regulation skills, school climate and online safety are factors that are present in programmes with positive results in prevention of cyberbullying. Furthermore, the need to design and validate specific data collection instruments for Primary Education is highlighted, as well as it is necessary to increase the frequency of implementation and evaluation of interventions, favouring collaboration between families and the educational centre. • Review of cyberbullying prevention programmes in Primary Education. • Family training and support improves students´ ability to cope with cyberbullying. • Debate and cooperation spaces favour tackling aggressive behaviour. • Social or online skills are contents addressed in significant interventions. • Bystander training provide students coping strategies against cyberbullying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the Factors influencing uptake of national immunization programme among people in Chanchaga L.G.A., Niger state. Immunization has brought sound health to many children in the world, reduced the agony experienced by parents during child rearing and reduced the mortality rate among children. The purpose of this study was to examine cultural belief, fear of parents, religion, level of service and uptake of national immunization programme among people in Chanchaga L.G.A., Niger state. Descriptive research design of survey type was adopted for the study. The population comprised of all people in Chanchaga L.G.A., Niger state. A multistage sampling technique which consist of simple random sampling technique, purposive and convenience sampling technique was used to select 384 respondents for this study. Questionnaire was validated by three experts in the Department of Health Promotion and Environmental Health Education for data collection from the respondents. A reliability coefficient (r) of 0.76 was obtained through split half method using Spearman Brown for analyzing data generated. The inferential statistics of Chi-square was used to analyze the data collected for the postulated null hypothesis at 0.05 alpha level. The findings revealed that: 1. Cultural belief of people is a significant factor influencing the uptake of National Immunization Programme among people of Chanchaga Local Government Area, Niger State because the calculated value 271.20 is greater than the table value 21.3 2. Fear of parents about immunization is a significant factor influencing the uptake of National Immunization Programme among people of Chanchaga Local Government Area, Niger State because the calculated value 175.76 is greater than the table value 21.3 3. level of coverage of service of people will significantly be a factor influencing the uptake of National Immunization Programme among people of Chanchaga Local Government Area, Niger State because the calculated chi-square value 247.09 is greater than critical table value of 21.03 (Cal 2 val Tab 2 val) The study concluded that cultural belief, fear of parents, religious belief and level of service are factors influencing the uptake of National Immunization Programme among people of Chanchaga Local Government Area, Niger State. It was therefore recommended among others that there should be sensitization programme by health workers to community leaders and indigenes in villages in order to publicize the benefits of immunization, parents should be well informed by health workers or through media before the start of immunization programmes to reduce the fear about immunization among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The Government of Enugu State as a policy response to reduce maternal and child mortality and morbidity in the state introduced the Free Maternal and Child Health (MCH) programme for all pregnant mothers and under-5-year-old clients in public health facilities across the state in 2007. Materials and Methods: Forty-three health facilities, 487 clients of the public health facilities, 43 health facility workers, and 8 directors of the State Ministry of Health and the State Hospitals Management Board were randomly selected through a multistage sampling technique involving stratified sampling techniques. Various instruments, namely pretested structured questionnaire, in-depth interview, and document review, were used to elicit data for the appraisal of the programme in terms of concept, policy and plan, implementation, management, and outcome. Data obtained were analyzed and variables tested for significance. Results: Our findings indicate that more than 60% of the clients are aware and utilize the free MCH programme. There was an overall reduction in maternal deaths, and an increase in the number of deliveries in public facilities since inception of the programme in the state. There was also a significant improvement in the MCH service uptake and high clients’ satisfaction. Major setback was inadequate supportive supervision. Conclusion: There is a huge need for increased awareness creation regarding the programme to enhance utilization, especially in the rural areas. Comprehensive baseline data of the health indices of the affected population are paramount to any future comprehensive programme assessment and are hence recommended.

Paediatric anaesthesia is an upcoming speciality which is gaining wide interest and can be a career choice for the new trainees. The need to develop paediatric anaesthesia as a speciality was realised with the progress in the field of paediatric surgery. The profile of the 'patient' encountered by a paediatric anaesthesiologist spans from an extremely premature neonate on the fringes of survival, to a full-grown adolescent equivalent to an adult. Perioperative morbidity and mortality are 2-3 times higher in infants and neonates compared to adults particularly in middle and low-income countries. The anatomical, physiological, pharmacological variations and presence of congenital cardiac, pulmonary and metabolic diseases in young children make perioperative management challenging. Special expertise and training are required for anaesthetic management of these preverbal children. In India, 3-years DM and 1-year Fellowship courses in paediatric anaesthesia are now available for specialisation. An ideal paediatric anaesthesia training centre should have substantial paediatric and neonatal patient load with exclusive intensive care facility. Paediatric anaesthesiologists, having knowledge of several facets of paediatrics and anaesthesia are capable of coordinating with health care professionals performing procedures outside the operating room. Paediatric anaesthesia, as a career thus offers a great opportunity to enhance quality and safety of anaesthesia in this high-risk surgical population. Persistent coordinated team efforts improve patient outcomes, reduce stress at work and increase job satisfaction.

Background: The current study aimed to develop a comprehensive phonological awareness intervention to train all levels of phonological awareness skills and to investigate its effect on the reading abilities of cochlear implanted children. Materials and Methods: This study was the single-subject intervention. Phonological awareness intervention programme was developed and validated by experts' opinions. Six elementary first graders with cochlear implants and weak or delayed reading development, in 5–7-year-old range, were trained in phonological awareness skills. 'Auditory test of phonological awareness skills' was used to evaluate the subjects' phonological awareness skills. Nama reading test was also used to determine the level of reading performance. Results: The results showed that all six subjects with cochlear implants had improvements of both phonological awareness skills and reading skills after participating in the phonological awareness intervention programme. This improvement was not only observed immediately after intervention but was also preserved in follow-up. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated the importance of planning an intervention programme about phonological awareness skills for elementary first graders with cochlear implant, and the important role of such an intervention programme in improving their performance in phonological awareness tasks, and then in reading tasks consequently. The importance of improvement in these skills could considerably affect these children's linguistic and psychological abilities, which may facilitate their education at higher grades.

Suicide prevention requires enhancing the efficiency of current activities and the introduction of new approaches. Therefore, a new suicide prevention programme has been put into action, starting this year. Its key message is the following: 1) the attitudes of those encountering persons who have attempted suicide must be transformed to ensure that no one who has attempted suicide is blamed or perceived as only seeking attention; 2) the availability of suicide methods and equipment for suicide must be reduced; 3) low-threshold crisis services must be available everywhere in Finland, and information must be provided on these to ensure that every resident knows where to find the services in their area and how to reach them; 4) access to treatment will be facilitated and accelerated by prioritising the treatment of a person at suicide risk, as well as by paying attention and providing support to the loved ones of those who died by suicide, since early support for individuals with a difficult life situation and during crises can prevent problems from getting worse and may also prevent suicides; 5) the severity of suicide risk among intoxicated people or those with substance abuse or addiction issues is assessed similarly as with anyone else at suicide risk; 6) competence in the media in communicating about suicides may promote suicide prevention, as positive suicide attempt survivor stories may help people find help in a difficult situation, and 7) there is a need for topical statistical data on different age group and risk groups related to suicides, suicide attempts, access to treatment, quality of care and early support.

No abstract available.

It is argued that unemployment, especially youth unemployment, is a threat to national security because unemployed young people are vulnerable to social vices since they are lusty and left to idle would be lured into many social vices, which are inimical to the progress of society. It is therefore essential to keep young people busy by engaging them in productive works. But the irony of Ghana's situation is that while the number of youth employment programmes is increasing, there is still a rising number of employed youth. In this paper, we present a strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (SWOT) analysis of four selected public youth employment initiatives implemented in Ghana between 2000 and 2019. This study aims at identifying and understanding gaps in youth employment and workforce development initiatives in the country as a way of proposing how policies should be targeted to address current challenges and also plan for the future. It relied on information from extant literature, project documents, key informant interviews and stakeholder validation workshops. The SWOT analysis was employed to examine the state of the initiatives, challenges and opportunities for improvement in order to provide sustainable youth employment opportunities for the large numbers of young people without work. The findings suggest that these initiatives are generally youth oriented and have the potential to create employment opportunities for youth. However, it was observed that factors including aid sustainability, scalability and innovativeness were not adequately considered in designing the initiatives. Adequate or regular funding, post-project training and skills needs information that should adequately be considered in the design of initiatives in order to obtain maximum benefits from the initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sports Creativity is the property of Journal of Sports Creativity and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study aims to propose a program of small toys for preschoolers. The experimental method and the research sample which includes 60 children were been used. Boys and girls were deployed in two groups of 30 children, and represent the sample percentage of 18.92% of the original society at the Province of es Senia. Department of Oran. After statistical treatment, we found that there were significant differences for the benefit of the experimental sample. That confirmed the validity of the assumptions. That is why we recommend researchers to pay more attention to small toys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Target Oxbridge is Rare Recruitment’s programme to help students with black African and Caribbean heritage to increase their chances of getting into Cambridge or Oxford Universities. Target Oxbridge and Trinity College, University of Cambridge, launched a unique programme called the Target Oxbridge Year 10 programme to demystify the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford in order to help more 14 and 15 year olds of black heritage prepare to apply to and gain places at these leading universities. This new programme for students in Year 10 featured webinars with Trinity College academics and students, and Target Oxbridge alumni provided advice to Year 10 black British students who are considering attending university. The webinars aimed to demystify Oxford and Cambridge Universities, offer insights into what college life is really like, provide information on the application process, and offer guidance on preparing applications. Students also learned about how degree subject choice can affect their career options. This article provides an evaluation report on the Programme’s effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is consensus that policy coherence is necessary for implementing effective and sustainable approaches to tackle malnutrition. We look at whether policies and programmes provide a coherent pathway to address nutrition priorities and if programmes are designed to deliver interventions aligned to the nutrition policy agenda in Nigeria and Burkina Faso. A systematic desk review was performed on nutrition-relevant policy and programme documents, obtained through grey literature searches and expert recommendations. We developed a framework with an impact pathway structure that includes five process steps, which was used to guide coding, data reduction and synthesis and structure the analysis. We assessed internal coherence along process steps within a given document and external coherence across process steps for explicitly linked policy/programme pairs. The majority of policies and programmes had partial internal coherence for both countries. The identification of relevant nutrition interventions to address challenges and reach objectives was the strongest connection within policies (16 out of 45 had complete coherence), while among programmes, the strongest connection was coverage indicators that measure interventions (9 out of 21 had complete coherence). Eight programmes explicitly referenced at least one nutrition-relevant policy, with a total of 16 linked policy/programme pairs (13 pairs for Burkina Faso and 3 for Nigeria) across health, nutrition, agriculture and social focus areas. However, none of the linked pairs were assessed to have complete external coherence, suggesting that priorities at the policy level are not fully realized nor translated at the programme level. This study offers a new approach for the assessment of policy and programme coherence and specifically examines policy and programme linkages. We conclude that improved leadership on country priority setting and better alignment for nutrition within and across sectors is needed to enhance the effectiveness of nutrition investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upon assuming political office, the ANC government instituted a land redistribution programme to address the land ownership injustice perpetrated during the apartheid regime whereby the non-white citizens owned only 7% of land in South Africa. However, the programme has not achieved the set target; thus, this study sought to understand the challenges curtailing the successful implementation of the programme. The study used a qualitative research approach. An in-depth interview was conducted with three purposefully selected senior officials from three Departments in Greater Kokstad Municipality involved in the land redistribution programme's implementation. The findings indicate that the major issues curtailing the programme's implementation are land claim disputes and mediation process, reliance on the willing-seller-willing-buyer model, lack of institutional capacity, cumbersome beneficiary selection process, land beneficiary resettlement support, and inadequate programme's monitoring and evaluation. There is an urgent need for the government to institute measures to address the challenges preventing the smooth implementation of the land redistribution programme in South Africa. These challenges prevent the programme's beneficiaries from accessing the land, thus preventing them from experiencing socio-economic emancipation as promised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Even though clearly defined pathways for vocational re-entry are well recognized for conditions such as mental health, musculoskeletal dysfunction (MSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), none has been identified for stroke. There has been a lack of consensus regarding such clear pathways to vocational re-entry and the essential contents of return to work (RTW) interventions for stroke survivors. As part of a larger study aimed to design a RTW programme for stroke survivors, this study describes the concluding process through which Stroke Return to Work Intervention Programme (SReTWIP) was developed. Methods Experts in the field of neurorehabilitation and vocational rehabilitation (VR) from 6 countries participated in this 3-round Delphi survey via e-mail. Concept mapping was used to triangulate findings from the Delphi with previous phases of the larger study. Content thematic analysis was conducted on qualitative data while descriptive statistic was used to analyze quantitative data. Results Fifteen experts with a mean age and mean duration of practice of 44.73 ± 9.48 years and 18.26 ± 8.71 years respectively participated in this study. The developed RTW programme (SReTWIP) is a 12 week programme that consisted of four interconnected phases of intervention viz.: an assessment phase, clinic-based work and non-work specific intervention phase, a work test placement phase and a client full participation in worker role phase. The experts agreed on a set of implementation strategies that included the use of interdisciplinary team, the tailoring of intervention to meet stroke survivor’s need, as well as the use of case management approach. Conclusion The SReTWIP is the first step in developing a VR pathway that can ultimately enhance the RTW rates and quick resumption of the worker role of stroke survivors. The stroke survivor can move along the different phases of the SReTWIP after achieving competency in a preceding phase. Future work will include a feasibility study with other key stakeholders involved in RTW such as employers, informal caregivers and stroke survivors before its implementation.

Abstract Background Clinical practice improvements based on quality-register data are influenced by multiple factors. Although there is agreement that information from quality registers is valuable for quality improvement, practical ways of organising register use have been notoriously difficult to realise. The present study sought to investigate the mechanisms that lead various clinicians to use quality registers for improvement. Methods This research involves studying individuals’ decisions in response to a Swedish programme focusing on increasing the use of quality registers. Through a case study, we focused on heart failure care and its corresponding register: the Swedish Heart Failure Register. The empirical data consisted of a purposive sample collected longitudinally by qualitative methods between 2013 and 2015. In total, 18 semi-structured interviews were carried out. We used realist evaluation to identify contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes. Results We identified four contexts – registration, use of output data, governance, and improvement projects – that provide conditions for the initiation of specific mechanisms. Given a professional theoretical perspective, we further showed that mechanisms are based on the logics of either organisational improvement or clinical practice. The two logics offer insights into the ways in which clinicians choose to embrace or reject certain registers’ initiatives. Conclusions We identified a strong path dependence, as registers have historically been tightly linked to the medical profession’s competence. Few new initiatives in the studied programme reach the clinical context. We explain this through the lack of an organisational improvement logic and its corresponding mechanisms in the context of the medical profession. Implementation programmes must understand the logic of clinical practice; that is, be integrated with the ways in which work is carried out in everyday practice. Programmes need to be better at helping core health professionals to reach the highest standards of patient care.

Faced to a socio-economic environment that is marked by globalization of trade and competitiveness, Algeria is committed, like its neighbours, to do upgrade programmes which aim to support the dynamic of restructuring process, the industrial integration and growth. The strategic goal is to upgrade to the requirements of the free trade to take advantage of the positive effects of liberalization and strengthen the production capacity, sales and export. This general target will lead the Algerian companies to achieve two ambitions: to become competitive in price / quality, innovation, and to be able to survive and control the evolution of the technology and the markets. Achieving these ambitions requests from the Algerian companies a major effort, i.e., to adapt and change their organisational methods and practices, especially in technology, innovation, cost control and quality supervision, training, products and markets, sales policies, management, openness to technical and commercial partners. The present paper describes the impact of upgrade programmes on the competitiveness of Algerian companies. For this reason, a model has been developed that analyses the competitiveness of a company across several dimensions (commercial, financial, technical, human, as well as social & managerial). To process the data collected in the survey, an exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory analysis and structural equation methods have been used. The results of the research have confirmed the main hypothesis that upgrading has a positive impact on the overall competitiveness of companies that have initiated and finalised an upgrade programme.

Radioactive waste disposal and management presents a unique problem at the Krško nuclear power plant as it is built and co-owned by the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Slovenia. Each country is responsible for the management of half of the low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste (LILW) and spent nuclear fuel (SNF). So far, Slovenia has officially selected the site for LILW disposal and the Croatian programme has a single location left (since 1999), not officially approved as acceptable. This paper contains a new approach to site selection related to the implementation of GIS technology and presents a map of potential areas for LILW disposal including only the remaining Croatian location. It was constructed based on eleven layers that include natural characteristics and anthropogenic pressures. For the construction of the main map, detailed topological checks and spatial analysis of polygons have been made, reducing potential areas to be further evaluated.

Non-technical summary Small and medium enterprises generate an elevated environmental footprint, which requires green transformation to achieve sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to describe the intervention process in 120 microenterprises with the aim of improving environmental and sustainability performance in four categories: sustainability, water, energy and solid waste management to determine the importance to promote the sustainability process in this sector as a key factor to contribute to the inclusion and sustainable development. Technical summary Global small and medium enterprises (SMEs) represent 90% of global business, creating and maintaining 50% of employment, and in emerging economies, formal SMEs provide 40% of the national gross domestic product and the gap of productivity is approximately 7% of global gross domestic product with respect to large firms. This study analyses the strategies and possibilities to improve sustainability in 120 microenterprises. The project included five stages: the postulation, selection and enrolment; sustainability diagnosis; action plan formulation; the results of implementation and evaluation and the feedback on results. This study demonstrated the importance of integrating sustainability into the business to improve productivity, competitiveness and access to new markets; in many cases, the microentrepreneur is unaware of all possibilities offered by having environmentally friendly processes, which was shown with evidence throughout the study. Approximately 242 action plans were implemented, achieving multiple results that involved knowledge of processes and equipment of microenterprises to measure and improve their environmental performance. The findings of this study demonstrated that microenterprises require adequate support and financial programmes that should be designed and implemented by policymakers with the aim of strengthening this sector, decreasing poverty and promoting sustainable economic growth, environmentally friendly processes and development in developing countries. Social media summary Microenterprises have an important role in the economy and have the potential to achieve sustainability processes.

The Federative Republic of Brazil is a progressive country that meets international standards of space law, has the necessary natural conditions for space exploration (lies near the equator and around the ocean) and seeks to develop international mechanisms for cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space. In this regard, the experience of the Federal Republic of Brazil in legal support of outer space activities is a hotly debated issue among the states that develop the space industry

Background:  Globally, enrolled nurses (ENs) are embarking on an educational journey to become registered nurses (RNs) in order to enhance their knowledge and career opportunities. However, their aspiration is not without challenges. In Namibia, the experiences of these nurses have not been extensively researched., Objectives:  This study aims to explore and describe the experiences and challenges of ENs undertaking a Bachelor of Nursing Science at the University of Namibia., Method:  A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research strategy was followed as the basis of conducting the study. A sample of 15 nursing students was purposively selected from the target population of 73 nursing students. This sample size was determined by the saturation of data as reflected in repeating themes. The collected data were analysed thematically using an inductive approach., Results:  Three main themes subsequently emerged from the study: ENs' positive experiences advancing in the Bachelor of Nursing Science (BNSc) programme; nurses' negative experiences advancing in the BNSc programme; and recommendations to ensure effective advancement in the BNSc programmeConclusion: The findings of this study revealed that ENs positively experience becoming a RN when it comes to self-development; however, they have negative experiences such as not receiving exemptions for prior learning and having to learn a new curriculum.Contribution: These findings may be used by the Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Public Health management in order to develop targeted interventions and ongoing strategies during their curriculum review cycles to ensure positive student experiences and success within the programme.

Background: The current study aimed to develop a comprehensive phonological awareness intervention to train all levels of phonological awareness skills and to investigate its effect on the reading abilities of cochlear implanted children. Materials and Methods: This study was the single-subject intervention. Phonological awareness intervention programme was developed and validated by experts' opinions. Six elementary first graders with cochlear implants and weak or delayed reading development, in 5-7-year-old range, were trained in phonological awareness skills. 'Auditory test of phonological awareness skills' was used to evaluate the subjects' phonological awareness skills. Nama reading test was also used to determine the level of reading performance. Results: The results showed that all six subjects with cochlear implants had improvements of both phonological awareness skills and reading skills after participating in the phonological awareness intervention programme. This improvement was not only observed immediately after intervention but was also preserved in follow-up. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated the importance of planning an intervention programme about phonological awareness skills for elementary first graders with cochlear implant, and the important role of such an intervention programme in improving their performance in phonological awareness tasks, and then in reading tasks consequently. The importance of improvement in these skills could considerably affect these children's linguistic and psychological abilities, which may facilitate their education at higher grades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global digitization of learning mitigates the education loss caused by school-closures during the COVID-19 lockdown globally, but few studies examine the awareness and participation level of the target audience, as well as factors that influence their participation and engagement level to address such concerns. To fill this gap, we adopted a mixed method approach on “Enugu School on Radio Program of FRCN” using 184 senior secondary school students from public schools and 192 senior secondary school students in private schools. We found that students in both schools are highly aware of Enugu School on Radio (71% and 78%) respectively. Despite this high level of awareness, only 13.9% of participants in public schools and 20.7% of participants in private school participated actively in terms of submitting their assignments to teachers for evaluation. This study also reveals that there are varying factors to these effects: ranging from a lack of trust on the part of the students (15%, 14%) to a lack of access to internet/digital devices especially for participants in public schools (34%), as opposed to (21%) for those in private schools. The study also exposed that lack of parental support especially for students in private school (39%) and 33% for public schools hindered the participants from participating actively. The students in public schools who didn’t participate because they normally forget it is at (12%), while in private school it is at (11%). We argue that helping students to have access to the internet/digital devices as well as maximum parental support with sufficient campaign on perceived benefits of remote/online learning from media practitioners will burst students trusts/ participation in remote/online learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tutorials or explanatory videos are not new, but they have experienced a new upswing in importance due to Corona and the elimination of on-site reference and training opportunities. In these videos, content from everyday library life is explained clearly and (usually) briefly. They can be consumed as a knowledge morsel regardless of time and place. The article discusses the advantages of this form of didactic presentation, explains different ways of creating them and describes the effort involved. It also introduces the "Tutorials in Libraries" network, which serves or can serve as an exchange platform and as a contact point for problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of theoretical generalization and practical solution of the issue regarding increase of the effectiveness of health-recreating activities for children of primary school age with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders are described in this article. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the health-recreating activities programme for children of 9 to 10 years of age attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, using rock climbing. Methods and organization of the study. The following methods were used: theoretical analysis of special scientific and methodological literature; anthropometric and pedagogical techniques; and the methods of mathematical statistics. Children of the primary school age (9-year-olds, 26 children in total) took part in this study. Duration of the programme – 9 months. In each group, the activities were held 3 times a week, lasting 60 minutes. Among other methods, apart from rock climbing, were used the series of playing activities on the rock-climbing wall: relay races, physical activities, quests, role-play games with plot. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test(W-test) was used for the qualitative analysis of statistical data and for identifying reliable changes. Results. At the end of pedagogical experiment, reliable changes (р

The Irish Johne's Control Programme (IJCP) provides a long-term approach to the voluntary control of Johne's disease (JD) in Ireland, strongly supported by Irish cattle industry leadership. It leverages the establishment of Animal Health Ireland for control of animal diseases not regulated by the European Union. The IJCP has four objectives: facilitate protection against spread of JD to uninfected farms; reduce the level of infection when present; assure markets of JD control in Ireland; and improve calf health and farm biosecurity. Key IJCP elements are an annual veterinary risk assessment and management plan (VRAMP), annual whole herd test (WHT) by ELISA on blood or milk samples with ancillary faecal PCR testing of ELISA reactors, and Targeted Advisory Service on Animal Health (TASAH) investigations of infected herds. There are pathways for assurance of herds with continuing negative tests and for management of test-positive herds. Herdowners are responsible for on-farm activities, and specifically-trained (approved) veterinary practitioners have a pivotal role as technical advisors and service providers. The programme is supported by training of veterinarians, performance of testing in designated laboratories, documentation of policies and procedures, innovative data management for herd and test activities and for programme administration, training, and broad communication and awareness activities. Tools and systems are refined to address emerging issues and enhance the value of the programme. An Implementation Group comprising industry, government and technical leaders sets strategic direction and policy, advised by a Technical Working Group. Shared funding responsibilities are agreed by key stakeholders until 2022 to support herds in the programme to complete requirements. Herd registrations have increased steadily to exceed 1,800. National bulk tank milk surveillance is also being deployed to identify and recruit test-positive herds with the expectation that they have a relatively high proportion of seropositive animals. The programme will continue to innovate and improve to meet farmer and industry needs.

L’objectif de cette étude est de cerner, dans une perspective comparative, comment les choix de professionnalisation et universitarisation de la formation à l’enseignement ont été traduits dans les programmes de la formation universitaire initiale (FUE) et dans les dispositifs de formation professionnalisante adoptés aux Centres Régionaux des Métiers de l’Education et de la Formation (CRMEF). En adoptant la typologie de Tardif et Borges (2009), nous avons analysé et comparé les domaines de savoirs formels à la base de connaissances à l’enseignement présents dans les programmes de formation, que les enseignants devraient acquérir lors de la formation initiale, et puis la formation professionnalisante. Il en résulte que 95 % du programme de formation initiale est dévoué aux études académiques et que seulement 5 % est réservé à la formation professionnelle. Alors que la formation professionnalisante aux CRMEF se déroule selon un système modulaire (40 %) en alternance avec la pratique (60 %) selon le paradigme pratique-théorique-pratique. Les processus de professionnalisation et universitarisation de la formation à l’enseignement selon le model marocain évoluent indépendamment l’un de l’autre en abscence d’harmonie, de cohérence, et de complémentarité, entre les savoirs professionnels relevant des dispositifs de formation adoptés aux CRMEF, et des programmes de formation dispensés à l’université. Il s’agit d’une problématique organisationnelle, pédagogique, et professionnelle qui ne peut être résolue que par l’affiliation des CRMEF aux universités en vue d’assurer la cohérence, l’articulation et la complémentarité entre universitarisation et professionnalisation en respect d’une part des dispositions de la charte nationale (2000) et la loi cadre (2019), et d’autre part de la déclaration de Bologne (1999).

Background: It is important for children to be engaged in art activities to acquire desirable emotions and behaviours. Art education is thought to contribute to children’s development of personal and social skills, such as self-confidence and sharing. Aim: This study aims to investigate the effect of art activities on 36–48-month-old children’s personal and social development and offers suggestions for teachers and parents about art activities. Setting and Methods: The sample included 56 children from the Duzce University Pre-School (28 children in the experimental group and 28 children in the control group). Quantitative data collection techniques were used, and randomised pre-test post-test experimental design with control groups was adopted. The experimental group received 7 weeks of art education developed by the researcher as six 45 – 50 min sessions. The Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment, which was adapted to Turkish was used as the data collection instrument. Variances were defined based on the data obtained. Content differences and frequency tables were formed and interpreted. Results: Analysis of the data reveals a significant difference between the experimental and control groups’ pre-test and post-test scores.

The obesity epidemic among young people can be tackled through regular physical activity. For this purpose, we developed and implemented a physical activity programme (PAP) that we carried out in students’ free time during the school year 2018–2019. The target group consisted of 79 students with excess weight, aged between 12 and 15 years, selected from an initial sample of 495 students from 5 pre-university education units located in an urban area. That group followed a differentiated PAP for 26 weeks. The impact of the programme highlighted the following points: the average physical activity/week for the entire sample of subjects was 3.67 physical activities, with an allocated time/week ranging from 1 h 30 min to 3 h; in terms of effort intensity, 7.70% of the activities were performed at low intensity, 75.07% at medium intensity and 17.23% at submaximal intensity. At the end of the programme, out of 79 subjects who were overweight/obese at the initial testing, 37 improved their body composition at the final testing, with a healthy BMI. It was also found that there is a negative correlation coefficient (r = −0.23) between the time spent performing physical activities and the BMI of the subjects.

Background: Wandering among people with dementia (PwD) is associated with a high risk of injury and death. The stigma of dementia prevents Chinese dementia families from seeking information and support earlier, which increases the demand for long-term care facilities. Despite universal recognition of the importance of care facilities, healthcare providers in care facilities still lack the relevant nursing knowledge and skills, including non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) that have been proven to be effective in preventing wandering. Systematic and culturally appropriate NPI programmes for healthcare providers to manage wandering among PwD in long-term care facilities are still lacking. We aimed to develop an evidence-based and culturally appropriate NPI programme for wandering in PwD to guide healthcare providers in nursing homes to prevent wandering and its adverse outcomes. Methods: The NPI programme was developed according to the framework of the Belgian Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBAM). We, (1) performed a systematic literature search to summarize the available evidence, (2) developed evidence-based recommendations for the NPI programme based on the existing evidence, and (3) carried out a validation process to revise the content of the recommendations and to determine the grades of recommendations, including group meetings with experts and a survey for end-users. Results: Based on 22 publications and validation from 7 experts and 76 end users, we developed 21 recommendations covering 4 domains: (1) caregiver education, (2) preventing excessive wandering, (3) promoting safe walking, and (4) preventing people with dementia from going missing. We created almost all recommendations of the four domains with accompanying levels of evidence and grades of recommendations. Conclusions: By combining the evidence with expert and end-user opinions, a comprehensive NPI programme was developed to support institutional healthcare providers to prevent wandering and its adverse outcomes. The benefits of this programme are currently being tested.