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Copyright of Hoitotiede is the property of Hoitotieteiden Tutkimusseura HTTS r.y. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociedad y Economia is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Intervention: Theory & Practice is the property of Universiteit Utrecht and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Why you should read this article: • To understand why some nursing students may be anxious about working with people with cancer • To learn how to support nursing students' learning needs on specialist cancer practice placements • To consider your own role in supporting nursing students on specialist cancer practice placements Practice placements in specialist cancer services can provide preregistration nursing students with a range of valuable learning opportunities and a meaningful placement experience. However, some nursing students may have a negative attitude towards working in cancer services and may be anxious about working with people with cancer and their families. All nurses, including those acting as practice assessors and practice supervisors, have an important role in supporting students to overcome these issues and contribute to a positive learning experience. This article explores different ways in which nurses can support nursing students' learning needs in specialist cancer practice placement areas. The authors also challenge nurses to reflect on how they support nursing students in such placement areas and to consider how they might develop this important component of their role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on an extensive literature review, this article explores the impact of strategic renewal in the public sector on the roles and skills of public professionals. Findings show that successive reforms of New Public Management and New Public Governance have resulted in hybrid role requirements that go beyond the often-debated dichotomy between professionalism and management. Based on our review, we could distinguish four sets of skills for professionals, linking traditional professional expertise to competences for networking and co-creation. Implications for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alternativas: Cuadernos de Trabajo Social is the property of Alternativas: Cuadernos de Trabajo Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

I argue that the contemporary organization of professional work indicates the limits of answering typical questions about automation and technology in work to understand the practices of experts. Examining the case of automation in medicine, specifically Stereotaxis technology, I analyze a colligation of data on decisions about the uptake of this robotic technology among United States surgeons. I examine data including: procedure efficiency over time, the technology's affordances for the preservation of surgeons' bodily capital, changes in the profession's demographic profile, physician social networks, and clinical researchers' published assessments. The data suggest that automation of a central task can support and enhance the work of individual experts. They also show that using robotics does not improve efficiency. This case thus challenges the assumption that automation displaces work, at least in the case of professionals. And so, because Stereotaxis becomes more of a complement to surgeons' work as opposed to a substitute, this case points towards the importance of focusing attention less on job automation than on task automation. The case also highlights that users of the technology (physicians) value it differently than do purchasers (administrators). In addition, it identifies the differing considerations motivating their decisions to adopt or not adopt the technology. And in light of the finding that robotics use is more common among the rank-and-file than the elite, it may be that some professionals perceive automation to afford mobility opportunities. Based on these findings I propose new questions for scholarship on medicine, work, and automation, including those around "expert" versus "unskilled" labor, the body, and workplace divisions of labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conditions imposed by the Covid-19 outbreaks forced residential care (RC) facilities to experience new challenges and to adopt new practices. The aim of the current study is to analyze how RC facilities have experienced and managed confinement during the 1st wave of the pandemic. A thematic analysis of 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals responsible for managing crisis in RC facilities. The main implications of the confinement measures on RC dynamics and relations were organized in three major themes: Chaos, novelty and organization; reinventing normalization and deconfinement. The pandemic exposes the structural weaknesses of RC, namely mobility of human resources, scarcity of supportive networks, and fragilities in providing comprehensive and integrative care. These factors need to be considered when addressing risk/vulnerability and discussing best practices and policies on child/youth welfare domain. Future studies should explore representations of important key actors as youth, families and other professionals from youth care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite a steady increase in palliative care (PC)-oriented research, authentic engagement of stakeholders with findings needs to be more used. Objective: This study aimed to explore how ATLANTES Observatory can effectively promote the global development of PC by engaging with stakeholders and addressing their specific needs and priorities. Design: An international e-survey among Observatory collaborators explored key audiences, best ways to reach them, and priority activities. Answers were evaluated according to respondents' roles (Academics, Policymakers, and clinicians) and toward impact on diverse key stakeholders. Correlation between respondents' roles with select products was studied. Results: One hundred fifty-five collaborators participated. The collaborators suggested addressing ATLANTES Global Observatory's activities to policymakers (5,6/7), professional associations (5,2/7), and health care practitioners (4,4/7). Preferred activity to reach all stakeholders is the use of websites and social networks, while particularly for policymakers, academics, and general practitioners, the conduction of atlases and articles stand out. Conclusions: Our study emphasizes prioritizing policymakers and all health care practitioners as key stakeholders in promoting PC and driving global development and integration into health care systems. By leveraging innovative web tools and social networks for dissemination, our aim is to extend the reach of our efforts beyond the PC community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culturally differing approaches to the distinction between physical and mental health contribute to cultural differences in explanatory models of what we call "mental" health in a Western context. For this reason, we use "(mental) health" in this study when referring to these models or differences in understanding. This interpretative, interview-based qualitative study focuses on Belgian mental health professionals' perceptions of the (mental) health explanatory models held by their patients of sub-Saharan African (SSA) descent. The study goals were threefold: first, to assess professionals' perceptions of the explanatory models of their patients of SSA descent; second, to examine how these perceptions influence treatment practices; and third, to investigate the role of the professionals' cultural backgrounds, comparing the results between professionals with and without an SSA background. Twenty-two in-depth interviews with mental health professionals were thematically analyzed, with ten of the participants of SSA descent. Results show that all professionals perceived differences between Western and SSA explanatory models of (mental) health. Causal beliefs were mentioned as the most important difference, including their influence on coping strategies and health-seeking behavior among patients of SSA descent. Professionals' perceptions and familiarity with SSA explanatory models of (mental) health affected their treatment practices. Language and conceptual interpretation difficulties were encountered less frequently by professionals of SSA descent. Those with a Western background applied "culturally sensitive" practices, while professionals of SSA descent implemented an integrated approach. These results contribute to ongoing discussions about what is considered "cultural competency." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the change in the personal values orientations of individuals in Croatia and Slovenia resulting from the countries' accession to the European Union (EU). We examined business managers' and professionals' value orientation by using four individual-level higher-order dimensions of self-transcendence, self-enhancement, openness to change and conservation, as defined in Schwartz's value theory. To capture the effect of EU accession, we examined employees' values orientation before accession to the EU (Croatia N = 276; Slovenia N = 389) and after each country's accession (Croatia N = 223, Slovenia N = 336). This study reveals a substantial impact of this major socio-political change on the individual value-formation process. The value-formation of Croatia and Slovenia poorly follows manifested EU common principles and shared values, where Slovenians have more aversive look at the EU integration, then Croatians, what can be assigned to 'initial enthusiasm', as Croatia entered almost decade later. The identified 'EU integration gap' warns that accession to the EU is more associated with reaping economic benefits than with aligning the country's values with those emphasized by EU integration. The findings have important implications for value management in the EU, single countries, and organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the components of career development of secondary school students based on the opinion of experts and discovering the strategies, causal, intervening, background conditions and consequences of career growth. Method: The current research is applied and qualitative type of grounded theory. The community of this research included all career counseling specialists and teachers in Tehran and Isfahan in the academic year of 2022-2023. Sampling was purposeful of theoretical type and continued until the limit of theoretical saturation and finally selection of 15 experts. The participants were subjected to semistructured interviews. In order to analyze the data, thematic analysis method was used. Results: Data analysis led to the production of 15 main themes, including the growth components of students' career paths, individual changes, community changes, short-term concerns, long-term concerns, background factors. Factors (family, education and macro systems), causal factors (individual factors and society factors), intervening factors (family and school dysfunction), strategies (issue-oriented and emotion-oriented) and Results (individual growth and community growth) 41 core codes and 336 codes were opened. Conclusion: The results of the research showed that the development of the students' career path requires the multi-faceted attention of the family, the individual, the society and the educational institution, and each of these institutions alone cannot determine the path of career development. In fact, the society observes the greatest impact of the development career, because students are considered as the future builders of the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nursing Journal / Sestrinski Glasnik is the property of Croatian Nurses Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 infection typically triggers discernible immunological responses in most reported cases. Employing a serological test could identify prior asymptomatic infections and aid in evaluating an individual's immune status. Given that healthcare professionals face a higher risk of COVID-19 exposure, the utilization of personal protective equipment remains the foremost approach in averting disease transmission within healthcare facilities. Objectives: To ascertain the prevalence of COVID-19 among healthcare professionals working in primary healthcare centers located within the AL-Sader city district. Method: During the period between November 1st, 2020, and December 31st, 2020, a cross-sectional study was carried out in nine primary healthcare centers, chosen through a cluster random sampling method. Result: Out of the 470 participants included in the study, 101 (21.5%) had a documented history of COVID-19 infection, with 76 confirmed through polymerase chain reaction analysis. Notably, a notable correlation between a positive rapid immunological test result and a prior history of COVID-19 infection (p-value < 0.001). The rapid test showed a sensitivity of 56.6% and a specificity of 79.2%. Specifically, 125 participants (26.6%) tested positive using the rapid test, with 104 (83.2%) exhibiting IgG antibodies, 5 (4%) displaying IgM, and 16 (12.8%) showing both IgG and IgM antibodies. Conclusion: The prevalence of COVID-19 infection among participants exceeded the anticipated levels. Significantly, there was a discernible correlation between positive rapid test results and COVID-19 infection, as well as factors such as smoking, comorbidities, PPE training, and household infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volunteering is a pressing concern in civic organizations. This article explores how voluntary work can be best organized by using a case study from the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Norway, which is characterized by both voluntarism and professionalization. Drawing on interviews and observations in congregations following different modes of organizing, we investigate the roles of volunteers and professionals. The findings highlight how actors distribute their work tasks and interpret functional and moral responsibility. The patterns of roles and responsibilities reflect two ideal-typical forms of organizing. We discuss the degrees of formalization in each context and propose a new categorization, which we conceptualize as informal and formal organizing of voluntary work. The first places emphasis on the individual employee, who works through personal relationships, and task distribution is scarcely regulated. The latter is formalized by explicit mandates and responsibilities shared systematically. We conclude that congregations, professionals, and volunteers can benefit from a formal approach to organizing voluntary work.

Value Engineering (VE) practices analyze designed building features, systems, equipment, and material selections to achieve essential functions and enhance results while reducing the life-cycle cost. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the varying levels of proficiency in the delivery of VE objectives among the Built Environment and allied professionals in Kogi State, Nigeria. Data were harnessed from 94 study questionnaires administered across strata of these professionals in the study area. It was found that Architects, Builders, Engineers, Estate Surveyors and Valuers, and Town Planners in the study area exhibited varied levels of proficiencies across specific value engineering objectives (VEOs), whereas project managers and quantity surveyors exhibited very high-, and high levels of proficiency in the delivery of all the ten VEOs respectively. The variation which is an indication of their diversified skills in project cost management and control was significantly determined by the ten VE objectives commencing with enhancing of project functionality and terminating with minimizing project operating cost. The study recommended project managers and quantity surveyors as first- and second choice professionals in value workshop facilitation, given their high levels of proficiency in the delivery of these VEOs.

IntroductionThere is growing evidence suggesting that dual-task training benefits people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) on both physical and cognitive outcomes. However, there is no known data regarding professionals’ educational needs and barriers to its implementation. This study aimed to explore the barriers and educational needs of healthcare and exercise professionals to integrate dual-task training into their practice with people with PD.MethodsWe conducted a study based on a web survey. Social media channels were used to recruit a convenience sample of exercise and healthcare professionals working with people with PD.ResultsOf the 185 eligible responses, the majority were physiotherapists (68.1%) followed by occupational therapists (10.8%). Most participants attended Parkinson specific training (88.6%) and employed the treatments set up in individual one on-one sessions (58.9%). We identified several barriers to dual-task training implementation, with lack of time (to prepare materials), staying creative and/ or accessing new ideas, unreliable tools for measuring gains, and insufficient expertise as the most referred by participants. The educational needs most referred included accessing examples of interventions in general, knowing what strategies to apply and their application for people with different symptoms.DiscussionOur results highlight that professionals remain challenged to integrate dualtask training into PD clinical care mainly due to knowledge gaps, difficulties in accessing new ideas, and lack of time.

BackgroundPatients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are at high risk of developing delirium. Lack of early detection and the inability to provide prompt management of delirium remain challenges of ICU patient care. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and associated factors toward delirium among healthcare providers working in ICU.MethodsA multicenter, cross-sectional survey was conducted in comprehensive specialized hospitals from 15 April to 5 June 2023. Data were collected using a pretested, self-administered questionnaire. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed at p

Chile is one of the fastest aging countries in Latin America, and the country is currently at an advanced stage of demographic transition. Projections highlight that that in another decade, Chile will emerge as an aging economy. Within the framework of the Fondecyt Regular 1201115 project: “Gender and Aging: An Ethnography on the Social and Moral Organization of Care in the Peñalolén commune (Santiago, Chile),” in this article, we address the findings of a case study on the social organization of elderly care in the Peñalolén commune (Metropolitan Region, Chile). We do so in conjunction with social and gender inequalities from a feminist perspective. The aim of the article is to analyze the social perceptions about aging held by professionals of municipal services working with the elderly population in this specific context. We conducted interviews with these workers using an ethnographic approach that integrated both digital and in-person methodological strategies, and subjected the information collected to a thorough discourse analysis using MaxQDA software (2001 version). The results reveal that the interviewed professionals’ perceptions of old age intermingle the definitions of old age derived from regulatory and public policy frameworks with their own personal and professional experiences in the communal territory. They also demonstrate the multidimensional nature of the inequalities faced by the elderly in Peñalolén, perceived by professionals as demands to be addressed in the exercise of their work. In sum, we propose a perspective of old age and aging that considers its complexity in terms of situated territorial experience by applying ethnographic listening with a gender perspective of the various actors working with the elderly individuals in each context.

Abstract Background Antibiotics are overprescribed for respiratory tract infections (RTIs). However, the decision to prescribe is often complex. Delayed antibiotic prescription (DAP), a strategy designed to promote more rational antibiotic use, is still not widely used. The aim of this study was to explore perceptions and attitudes in primary care professionals, regarding antibiotic use and different DAP strategies for uncomplicated RTIs. Methods We conducted a qualitative study, using an inductive thematic approach to generate themes, based on focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews with professionals, recruited from 6 primary care centres (Barcelona metropolitan area, Spain). Results 26 professionals (25 family physicians and one nurse) were included in four focus group discussions and three semi-structured interviews. Participants commented that RTIs were a main reason for consultation, motivated often by patient anxiety and fear of possible complications, and this was associated with the patients’ poor health-related education. Acknowledging inappropriate antibiotic use in the health system, participants attributed this, mainly to defensive medicine strategies. DAP was used when in doubt about the aetiology, and considering factors related to patient-physician interactions. The main perceived advantage of DAP was that it could reduce the need for additional visits, while the main disadvantage was uncertainty regarding proper use by the patient. Conclusions DAP was used by participants in cases of doubt, in specific situations, and for specific patient profiles. Weak points were detected in our primary care system and its users that affect the proper use of both antibiotics and DAP, namely, time pressure on professionals, poor patient health-related education, and the lack of a patient-physician relationship in some scenarios.

Abstract Background Childhood is a critical period for promoting mental wellbeing and previous research suggests that various family-focused mental health promotion and early prevention initiatives are effective. The aim of the study was to explore Finnish health and social care practitioners’ views and experiences of mental health promotion practice targeting families with young children. Methods Individual semi-structured interviews with 14 practitioners representing various municipal services, faith-based and third sector organizations were conducted in 2021 and analysed using thematic analysis. Results Various challenges and opportunities for supporting mental health related to both structural features of the health and social care landscape and the varying needs of families were identified. The lack of resources as well as the social stigma associated with mental health problems and with public welfare services, hindered proactive work approaches and timely support. However, low-threshold initiatives and adapted information to families as well as further training about mental health for practitioners together with multi-professional collaboration and teamwork were suggested as potential enablers for mental health promotion. Conclusions The study highlights the importance of reaching families in a timely manner in order to promote mental wellbeing and prevent mental health problems. The findings, bringing to the fore the practitioners’ own experiences and views, suggest how current practice could be developed in order to safeguard mental health and wellbeing for all families with young children. The practitioners’ views and experiences are key components when building future sustainable and proactive health and social care services.

Organizational control is a fundamental function of all organizations. Drawing on ethnographic data from one hospital implementing a new behavioral control mechanism across multiple internal units, I explore how control mechanisms spread and unfold inside organizations. This study shows that control mechanisms are co-created through interactions between managers and employees as they engage in an iterative team learning process in two stages: (1) learning about the mandated control mechanism in order to assess its viability in their local context; and (2) learning how to (re)design the control mechanism so that it delivers its intended control outcomes. It also identifies two pathways through which control mechanisms unfold. Along the customization pathway, teams customize the mandated control mechanism so that it functions well in their context. Along the transmutation pathway, teams develop their own locally designed alternative control mechanism to achieve the intended control outcomes based on their own assessment of their unit's problems. By showing how organizational control mechanisms are co-created by management and employees, this study provides a dynamic view of how control mechanisms spread and unfold within organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professionals working with people with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) can be exposed to challenging behaviors (CBs), which may result in professionals exhibiting emotional reactions that can impact their practices. This study examined these reactions and analyzed how they are influenced by the individual characteristics of people with IDD (gender, age, and level of IDD) and the variables related to CB (type of behavior and its frequency and behavioral function). A total of 125 professionals assessed 293 people with IDD who exhibited CBs. The professionals were asked to complete the Behavior Problems Inventory—Short Form, the Emotional Reactions to Challenging Behavior Scale, and the Questions About Behavior Function measure. It was revealed that positive emotional reactions predominated over negative ones. Significant results were found regarding the level of disability and the age of people with IDD. Emotional reactions were related to the severity of CBs, especially self-injurious and aggressive/destructive behavior, as well as certain behavioral functions. The severity of CBs and the age of people with IDD emerge as key predictors of the emotional reactions of professionals. In short, these reactions vary according to different variables, highlighting the importance of interventions that address professionals’ emotional needs.

Information that comes from the environment reaches the brain-and-body system via sensory inputs that can operate outside of conscious awareness and influence decision processes in different ways. Specifically, decision-making processes can be influenced by various forms of implicit bias derived from individual-related factors (e.g., individual differences in decision-making style) and/or stimulus-related information, such as visual input. However, the relationship between these subjective and objective factors of decision making has not been investigated previously in professionals with varying seniority. This study explored the relationship between decision-making style and cognitive bias resistance in professionals compared with a group of newcomers in organisations. A visual “picture–picture” semantic priming task was proposed to the participants. The task was based on primes and probes’ category membership (animals vs. objects), and after an animal prime stimulus presentation, the probe can be either five objects (incongruent condition) or five objects and an animal (congruent condition). Behavioural (i.e., accuracy—ACC, and reaction times—RTs) and self-report data (through the General Decision-Making Scale administration) were collected. RTs represent an indirect measure of the workload and cognitive effort required by the task, as they represent the time it takes the nervous system to receive and integrate incoming sensory information, inducing the body to react. For both groups, the same level of ACC in both conditions and higher RTs in the incongruent condition were found. Interestingly, for the group of professionals, the GDMS-dependent decision-making style negatively correlates with ACC and positively correlates with RTs in the congruent condition. These findings suggest that, under the incongruent decision condition, the resistance to cognitive bias requires the same level of cognitive effort, regardless of seniority. However, with advancing seniority, in the group of professionals, it has been demonstrated that a dependent decision-making style is associated with lower resistance to cognitive bias, especially in conditions that require simpler decisions. Whether this result depends on age or work experience needs to be disentangled from future studies.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, community pharmacy (CP) professionals were among those who experienced the greatest risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2, which forced major adaptations. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to describe the changes implemented in CP professionals during the pandemic, understand the perception of professionals about their experience, and explore changes to remain. Methods: An observational and cross-sectional study was conducted via an online questionnaire (June–September 2020). The target population was CP professionals working in Portugal for >2 years and serving the public during the pandemic. Results: Of a total of 353 participants, 84% were female (mean age of 37.6 years), and 81% were pharmacists (mean professional experience of 12.9 years). In the management and organizational dimensions, the most mentioned changes were adaptation to legislative changes (90%), fluctuations in the treasury (82%), and reduction of working hours (46%). Only 2% resorted to simplified layoff. In the back office, there was a need to adapt stock management (93%) and purchase personal protective equipment (99%). In the front office, there was a change in service policies – wicket or conditional opening (92%), routes of the arrival of user requests (91%), and home delivery (82%). Physical changes occurred in 100% of pharmacies. The most frequently implemented procedures were the use of protection systems and PPE, articulation with hospital pharmacies for dispensing in proximity (75%), and training in this area (55%). Regarding interpersonal climate, improvements in the connection between team members are evident: increase in mutual help (57%), solidarity (54%), and group cohesion (50%); in the relationship with clients, the majority indicated the replacement of the usual user by third parties (71%), and changes in communication channels (increase in use of technological means 68%). Conclusions: Results illustrate the profound impact of the pandemic on CP professionals, both professionally and personally. It also highlights the importance of their roles in proximity and community support.

So far, little is known about the ability to contrast contextual bias as a protective factor in an ever-changing organizational environment. This study assessed whether professionals with different seniority can resist the reframing and the decoy effect under decision-making conditions and whether decision-making styles can predict the resistance to such covert influence tactics. To reach this aim, two groups of professionals divided into senior and junior professionals performed two novel tasks, a Resistance to Reframe Task (RRT) and a Resistance to Alternatives Task (RAT), which, by including ecological scenarios that represent typical decision situations that could arise in the company, can measure the resistance to such covert influence tactics. Decision-making styles were measured through the General Decision-Making Style (GDMS) and the Maximization Scale (MS). Results showed that all professionals were able to resist more to the reframing (at the RRT) than the decoy alternatives (RAT), without any difference between groups. In addition, higher GDMS-dependent subscale scores predict lower RRT scores, especially in the group of senior professionals. However, in the group of junior professionals, the GDMS-dependent subscale and MS high standards subscale predicted lower RAT scores. To conclude, this study showed that professionals know how to “keep the tiller straight” in organizations, especially when facing reframing conditions, rather than decoy alternatives; however, the predominance of dependent decision-making styles (for both senior and junior professionals) and the tendency to hold high standards in decisions (mainly for juniors) could undermine their resistance capacity and make them vulnerable to these covert influence tactics.

Resumen: Las últimas crisis sanitarias han puesto de manifiesto la debilidad de las estructuras de salud pública en España. Las causas son, entre otras, la escasez de recursos económicos y el retraso en su modernización institucional, junto a la debilidad de los procesos formativos y de la empleabilidad. La Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria (SESPAS) ha impulsado la elaboración del Libro blanco de la profesión de salud pública con el objetivo de contribuir a fortalecer el ejercicio profesional. Para ello se han descrito las características sociodemográficas de las asociaciones federadas a SESPAS y se ha analizado el discurso de los profesionales a través de seis grupos focales y 19 entrevistas en profundidad (72 personas). Con este material se realizó una reunión (29 personas) para consensuar conclusiones y recomendaciones. De las 3467 personas pertenecientes a las siete sociedades de SESPAS que proporcionaron datos, alrededor del 60% son mujeres y el 40% tienen menos de 50 años, siendo los estudios de grado de medicina (35,9%), enfermería (17,4%), farmacia y veterinaria (10,4%) los más frecuentes. En las entrevistas y grupos focales se identificaron como temas centrales la formación, la empleabilidad y la carrera profesional. En la reunión final se acordaron 25 conclusiones y 24 recomendaciones que pretenden contribuir a fortalecer a los/las profesionales y la profesión de la salud pública en España. Las relacionadas con la formación, la empleabilidad y la carrera profesional fueron compartidas en un Encuentro en la Escuela de Salud Pública de Menorca con responsables de salud pública del Ministerio de Sanidad y de algunas comunidades autónomas. Abstract: The recent health crises have highlighted the weakness of public health structures in Spain. The causes are, among others, the scarcity of economic resources and the delay in their institutional modernization. In addition, there is the weakness of the training processes and the employability. The Spanish Society of Public Health and Health Administration (SESPAS) has developed a White paper of the public health profession with the aim of contributing to strengthening professional practice. The sociodemographic characteristics of the associations federated to SESPAS have been described and the discourse of professionals has been analyzed through six focus groups and 19 interviews (72 people). To agree on the conclusions and recommendations, a meeting was organized with the participation of 29 participants. The demographic and employment data of the 3467 people belonging to seven SESPAS societies show that, overall, about 60% are women and 40% were under 50 years of age. Undergraduate degrees were medicine (35.9%), nursing (17.4%) and pharmacy and veterinary medicine (10.4%). Key aspects of the meaning of public health, training, employability and career and institutionalization of public health were collected through interviews and focus groups. The final meeting agreed on 25 conclusions and 24 recommendations that aim to contribute to strengthening professionals and the public health profession in Spain. Some of them, related to training, employability and professional career, have been shared in a workshop at the School of Public Health of Menorca with public health officials from the Ministry of Health and some autonomous communities.

Sustainability discourses influence the practices of urban climate action by establishing objectives and ways of doing things. Key concepts such as ‘risk’, ‘resilience’ and ‘efficiency’ have been central in the history of sustainability discourses, but their influence has changed over time. The use of these terms is analysed in policy narratives of urban climate action, exploring how they are deployed in policy and practice. A document database (n = 463) was analysed to show how the terms have evolved from their application in specific contexts to a more open interpretation in which different forms of environmental action are linked to development. Interviews with practitioners (n = 100) were analysed to reveal the influence of these narratives and how they organise action in urban environments. Three tensions emerge from the mobilisations of hegemonic discourses in practice: the contradiction between facilitating harmonised approaches across locations while at the same time scaling up action; the contradiction between implementing action in place and providing frameworks of action that can be evaluated at the global scale; and the challenge between identifying sources of leadership and accepting the increasing importance of multiple actors in local climate action. These tensions open opportunities to disrupt climate change adaptation discourses. Policy relevance The history of the formation of environmental discourses has shaped climate policy at a fundamental level. These discourses contain embedded assumptions and reasoning that relate to their history and contextualisation rather than with absolute truths that inform them. Understanding the formation of these discourses may be necessary to identify the biases inherent to urban environmental practitioners’ discourses and to understand their effectiveness and operation. A better understanding of these discourses supports policymakers in shaping responses to environmental challenges and finding new narratives to inform sustainable futures. Improved knowledge has been created by focusing on the tensions that emerge from policy documents and practitioner interviews.

Abstract Within academia and research, publishing peer‐reviewed articles is expected for dissemination of knowledge and is used as a measure of professional performance. However, few papers have been published on professionals' and graduate students' perceptions of student publication performance, how professionals encourage student publishing, and what types of publication barriers exist for graduate students to publish. In 2019, we emailed a survey to professional and student attendees of the 2013 and 2016 North American Duck symposia as a representative cadre of waterfowl and wildlife biologists. We surveyed 469 professionals and 98 students who attended the symposia. Response rates were 42% and 45% for professionals and students, respectively, and deemed reliable as response rates approached 50%. Fifty percent and 69% of professional respondents indicated they felt frustration motivating their Ph.D. and M.S. students to publish, respectively. Of strategies used to motivate graduate student publishing, 79% of students ranked providing congenial encouragement most effective, while 60% of professionals ranked playing a major role in drafting and editing as most effective. Both professionals and students considered lack of time during and outside work hours as barriers to publishing graduate work. Professionals and students agreed that asking students to sign a contract at time of their initial matriculation may be an effective strategy to publish. Information from this study adds to knowledge on graduate student publishing practices and can be used to improve methods to increase graduate student publication rates in wildlife science and conservation. Similar surveys can be conducted face‐to‐face or remotely at international wildlife and other ecological conferences to broaden application of our results. We encourage students to generate publications from their research by writing separate thesis/dissertation chapters to expedite the publication process.

AbstractBased on biographical interviews from a telecommunications organisation, this study aims to contribute to the debate on understanding and accounting for the work-life balance intricacies of female Information and Communications Technology (ICT) professionals. An exploratory cross-sectional design adopting a qualitative case study approach with semi-structured interviews with 16 female ICT professionals was used. In male-dominated sectors, understanding female ICT Professionals’ perceptive description of work and home intricacies is essential. It leads to an understanding of the issues emanating from work-life balance. Participants perceived their careers as a large part of their self-identity and were very proud of the dedication and hard work required in the ICT field. Participants also found a sense of collegiality and camaraderie in the workplace, which gave them a sense of belonging and benefit to their self-worth. The findings may be used to adapt various organisational practices and understand the concept of family in ways that include responsibilities other than being a caregiver or homemaker. A more in-depth insight into individuals’ work-life balance intricacies was achieved by adopting a qualitative case study approach. The telecommunications organisation could utilise the results from this study to develop appropriate work-life balance and Human Resource strategies to create flexible workplaces conducive to the attraction, motivation, and retention of highly valued women.

Background: A positive conception of sexuality among people with intellectual disabilities is crucial and relies on several social and interpersonal contexts. The goal of this study is to analyse the interaction and impact of three different contextual groups: individuals with intellectual disabilities, their parents, and professionals working with them. Methods: Survey data were collected from 330 people with intellectual disabilities attending occupational centres in eastern Spain, 330 parents, and 100 professionals. Results: Correlation and variance analyses of dyad‐level data show significant differences among the three groups in all variables. Professionals perceived people with intellectual disabilities to have higher knowledge of socio‐sexual norms than people with intellectual disabilities actually appear to be, but they are also more concerned about aspects related to this area of people with intellectual disabilities. Compared to people with intellectual disabilities and professionals, parents perceived people with intellectual disabilities to have lower sexual knowledge. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates inconsistent perceived knowledge of people with intellectual disabilities' socio‐sexual norms and sexual knowledge among the three groups, leading to disparate levels of concern regarding people with intellectual disabilities sexuality. Thus, the need to collect information from different perspectives for more accurate reporting and the critical need for sex education programs that involve the target population, but also parents and professionals who frequently interact with people with intellectual disabilities are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper employs Manipulation Theory and Skopos Theory as theoretical foundations to understand why and how external and internal constraints have affected translators in using translation solutions. This paper has chosen Lao She's Chinese short story, Black Li and White Li, and compared the two translations from Wang Chi-Chen and Lyell A. Williams. A comparison of "patronage", "professionals", and translation solutions shows that the two translators produced remarkable translation works at their time and their translation solutions are worth learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Methods Results Conclusions Women who use drugs are particularly vulnerable to gender-based violence (GBV), with serious psychological, social, physical and inter-generational consequences. The professionals who attend to the women who seek help when they have a problem with a psychoactive substance are an essential group for detecting and intervening in cases of GBV against women who use drugs.We have conducted a qualitative investigation. Our sources are eight focus groups with Spanish professionals from all the disciplines involved in the field. The total sample was purposive in nature and comprised 55 professionals from the field of drug dependence.Both the invisibility of women who use drugs as victims of GBV and the androcentrism present in drug treatment centers define the institutional violence that appears in the professionals’ narratives. According to professionals, being a victim of GBV can increase the use of psychoactive substances, while the latter in turn makes women more vulnerable to GBV.In order for the treatment of drug dependence to be sensitive and successful, it needs to include the different forms of GBV suffered by women who use drugs, alongside the effective coordination of resources and support networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Antibiotics are overprescribed for respiratory tract infections (RTIs). However, the decision to prescribe is often complex. Delayed antibiotic prescription (DAP), a strategy designed to promote more rational antibiotic use, is still not widely used. The aim of this study was to explore perceptions and attitudes in primary care professionals, regarding antibiotic use and different DAP strategies for uncomplicated RTIs. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study, using an inductive thematic approach to generate themes, based on focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews with professionals, recruited from 6 primary care centres (Barcelona metropolitan area, Spain). Results: 26 professionals (25 family physicians and one nurse) were included in four focus group discussions and three semi-structured interviews. Participants commented that RTIs were a main reason for consultation, motivated often by patient anxiety and fear of possible complications, and this was associated with the patients' poor health-related education. Acknowledging inappropriate antibiotic use in the health system, participants attributed this, mainly to defensive medicine strategies. DAP was used when in doubt about the aetiology, and considering factors related to patient-physician interactions. The main perceived advantage of DAP was that it could reduce the need for additional visits, while the main disadvantage was uncertainty regarding proper use by the patient. Conclusions: DAP was used by participants in cases of doubt, in specific situations, and for specific patient profiles. Weak points were detected in our primary care system and its users that affect the proper use of both antibiotics and DAP, namely, time pressure on professionals, poor patient health-related education, and the lack of a patient-physician relationship in some scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chile is one of the fastest aging countries in Latin America, and the country is currently at an advanced stage of demographic transition. Projections highlight that that in another decade, Chile will emerge as an aging economy. Within the framework of the Fondecyt Regular 1201115 project: "Gender and Aging: An Ethnography on the Social and Moral Organization of Care in the Peñalolén commune (Santiago, Chile)," in this article, we address the findings of a case study on the social organization of elderly care in the Peñalolén commune (Metropolitan Region, Chile). We do so in conjunction with social and gender inequalities from a feminist perspective. The aim of the article is to analyze the social perceptions about aging held by professionals of municipal services working with the elderly population in this specific context. We conducted interviews with these workers using an ethnographic approach that integrated both digital and in-person methodological strategies, and subjected the information collected to a thorough discourse analysis using MaxQDA software (2001 version). The results reveal that the interviewed professionals' perceptions of old age intermingle the definitions of old age derived from regulatory and public policy frameworks with their own personal and professional experiences in the communal territory. They also demonstrate the multidimensional nature of the inequalities faced by the elderly in Peñalolén, perceived by professionals as demands to be addressed in the exercise of their work. In sum, we propose a perspective of old age and aging that considers its complexity in terms of situated territorial experience by applying ethnographic listening with a gender perspective of the various actors working with the elderly individuals in each context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, living groups in residential youth care facilities in The Netherlands have gradually grown in size with eight to twelve adolescents per group, which is related to an increase in workload and overburdened personnel. Research suggests that a smaller group size of up to six adolescents can have a positive impact on the living and working environment, and therefore small-scale facilities are advocated as a an alternative for regular residential youth care. Little is known about the experiences of residential care personnel working in these small-scale facilities. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of the transformation toward small-scale facilities from the perspective of residential care personnel. The results show, in line with previous studies, that professionals working in small-scale facilities experience a safer and more positive group climate and that they are more able to invest in a positive therapeutic relationship with the adolescents, than working on regular residential groups. Moreover, working on a group with fewer adolescents affects the working climate in a positive way. Recommendations for practice and further research are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]