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The genetic diversity was estimated using seventy two genotypes of rice in a randomized block design with three replications at the rice research farm of Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (Bhagalpur) during Kharif, 2019-20 to determine the contribution of fifteen quantitative traits to the total variability in rice using Principal component analysis. In the present investigation PCA was performed for fifteen quantitative traits of rice. All the 3PCs exhibited more than 1.0 Eigen value and showed about 95.00% variability. Therefore, these PCs were given due important for the further explanation. The PC1 showed 77.28 per cent variation of total variation followed by second to third components which accounted 15.65 and 2.05 per cent of total variation presented among the genotypes, respectively. PC1 contributed 77.28% of the total variation and correlated with total carbohydrate, generation of H2O2, days to 50% flowering, biological yield, number of fertile grains per panicle, panicle length and flag leaf area while PC2 explained an additional 15.65% of the total variation and dominated by total carbohydrate, days to 50% flowering, harvest index, biological yield, total number of spikelet’s and plant height. PC III accounted 2.05 per cent of the total variability and correlated with the traits like days to 50% flowering, biological yield, total number of spikelet’s, 1000-seed weight, plant height, harvest index, generation of H2O2 and panicle length had maximum positive contribution Since, a total of 95.00% of the total variation was contributed by PC1 and PC2, therefore, these two principal components can be allowed for simultaneous selection of yield contributing traits in desi chickpea. Genotype usually found in more PC, were CR3933-13-2-1-4-1-2-1, TTB1011-14-171-2-2-1-2-1, TTB1032-45-937-2-3-3-1-1, (Santepheap3/IR49830-7/RajendraMahsuri)-1-3-1, (BR11/IR8041OB)-2-1-1, (RajendraMhasuri/CN1039)-4-2-1, TTB1011-14-243-1-2-2-2-1, TTB1032-45-937-2-3-3-1-1, CR4138-3-1-1, CR4139-9-2-1, CR4139-9-2- and CR4128-9-1-1. Genotypes fall in a common principal component were observed to be the most important factor for seed yield. These genotypes may further be utilized in breeding programmes for improving seed yield and these genotypes can be considered an ideotype breeding material for selection of traits viz. more total number of seed per plant and 100-seed weight further utilization in precise breeding programme.

Aim: The current experiment was conducted to study correlation and path analysis among morphological traits and their contribution towards yield under irrigated and drought stress condition using forty eight diverse rice genotypes. Study Design: The experiment was studied in three replications using Randomized Block Design. Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out during Kharif 2018 at Rice Research Farm, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (Bhagalpur), India. Methodology: The experiment was conducted in two different sets; irrigated and drought stress condition. The yield and yield attributes were recorded under both the conditions to conduct the correlation and path analysis. Results: The analysis of variance revealed that genotypes significantly varied in yield and yield related traits. In addition, growth and yield attributes such as effective tillers per hill, biological yield, harvest index (%) and number of fertile grains per panicle were significantly and positively correlated with grain yield per plant under irrigated as well as reproductive stage drought stress condition. It was observed that total number of grains per panicle, number of fertile grains per panicle and biological yield had high positive direct effect on grain yield per plant in both irrigated (control) as well stress condition, indicating true relationship of these characters with grain yield and direct selection for these characters will be rewarding. In rest of the characters studied, correlation was mainly due to indirect effects through component characters and hence indirect selection will lead to yield improvement in rice. Conclusion: The potential for direct and indirect selection for reproductive stage drought stress tolerance using the associated characters may be useful to the breeder to formulate appropriate breeding plans for the selection of the genotype which tolerate high temperature condition.

The impingement behavior of large water droplets, their interactions with the solid wall and the subsequent ice accretion and aerodynamic effects have become a key issue in in-flight aircraft icing. In this study, ice accretion and aerodynamic effects on a multi-element airfoil were investigated under the recently introduced Appendix O icing envelope. Supercooled large droplet (SLD) dynamics were taken into account by employing a unified computational approach. Ice accretion was simulated using a partial differential equation (PDE) based solver, instead of the commonly used control volume method. The numerical solver of the SLD impingement was built on the droplet deformation and droplet–wall interaction splash models. The unified solvers for clean air, large droplet impingement, ice accretion, and the aerodynamic analysis of ice effects—all of which are based on a single unstructured upwind finite volume framework—were first validated using available experimental data and then applied to investigate ice accretion and the resulting aerodynamic effects on multi-element airfoils for various flight conditions and, in particular, near-freezing SLD icing conditions. Interestingly, two counter-intuitive results were found when comparing the ice accretion and associated aerodynamic degradation for non-SLD and SLD cases. Moreover, considering runback ice was shown to be essential in the design of an ice protection system (IPS) for the multi-element wing.

SiC has been produced by the Acheson process in bulk. The efficiency of the process is quite low. Only about 15 to 18% of the total charge gets converted into SiC as against the theoretical value of about 42%. A heat transfer analysis of the process shows that it can be improved further to increase its efficiency. It has been done based on laboratory scale hot model unit and industrial furnace in terms of energy balance. This has been presented in this article. Based on the analysis, it is found that most of the losses in an industrial furnace occur due to the heating of charge by supplying excess electric energy than required and radiation. The latter has been improved at the laboratory scale furnace by enclosing the most part of the furnace.

Traditional Knowledge is one of the most ambiguous and contentious issues in the dynamic world of IPR today. The developing and developed countries seek the refuge of Traditional Knowledge as a safeguard against the colonial manipulation that these countries have experienced for centuries. A lack of access to the International IPR instruments, some of which often come under question themselves, also serve as catalysts for disillusionment from a western world approach to IPR. These claims under Traditional Knowledge come in direct conflict with many of the patent rights being given in the West, at times culminating in a legal battle. India has mostly been at the receiving end of the Patent whip, where there is no denying that patent violation is rampant in India but the violation of its Traditional Knowledge resources keeps an equilibrium in balance. Where these legal battles become a question of prestige for respective Governments, it is more often than not the battle for survival of a particular community that may have relied on a specific form of Traditional Knowledge for its very survival for centuries. In light of the current scenario of rampant globalization, there is an urgent need to come up with a dedicated Convention for the Protection of Traditional Knowledge and its fair use. This will protect the rights and privileges of the communities who have safeguarded and nurtured such knowledge over generations, and at the same time make sure that the benefits of such knowledge reach the masses at large.

Super-parallel performance of a mixed explicit discontinuous Galerkin method is reported for the second-order Boltzmann-based nonlinear coupled constitutive models of rarefied and microscale gases. One of the challenging issues in the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method is the higher computational cost compared with the traditional finite volume method (FVM) for a given set of grids. In the present study, we focus on the computational cost of a mixed modal explicit DG method for solving the conservation laws in conjunction with the first- and second-order Boltzmann-based constitutive models, in particular, in the context of parallelization of the implicit algebraic constitutive equations of rarefied and microscale gases in continuum and transition regimes. The computational cost of the Navier-Stokes-Fourier (NSF) and nonlinear coupled constitutive relation (NCCR) solvers is investigated in the serial and parallel frameworks. It was shown that the computational cost of the NCCR solver behaves nonlinearly with respect to the number of elements, due to the dependence of the number of iterations of the NCCR solver on the flow structure and the degree of thermal non-equilibrium. Such nonlinear dependence was clearly demonstrated from numerical solutions of three representative flows; flat plate, cylinder, and wedge. Ultimately, this nonlinear behavior of computational cost associated with nonlinear performance of the DG-NCCR solver resulted in an unexpected super-parallel performance in parallel processing.

Alzheimer is a neurological degenerative disease that steadily and gradually progresses. This disease is incurable at present and those who suffer from it have the hesitation to travel beyond their homes in comparison to normal people. The main aim of this paper is to offer a continuous mechanism that enhances the Alzheimer patient’s quality of life as well as that of their caregivers. Proposed work is based on the Internet of things (IoT) based sensors data that figure out different parameters of the patient body like temperature, blood pressure, striding action, striding speed, and so on. All these sensory data will be obtained with the help of the Atmega Microcontroller. All the collected data are then sent to the cloud server with the help of parallel communication for data analysis. The desired parameter of the patient is retrieved which will help in providing real time support to the patients.

Availability of natural fibre, low cost and ease of manufacturing have urged the attention of researchers towards the possibility of reinforcement of natural fibre to improve their mechanical properties and study the extent to which they satisfy the required specifications of good reinforced polymer composite for industrial and structural applications. The chemically treated natural fibre shows better improvement in properties than untreated fibres. The chemically treated natural fibre has improved interfacial adhesion between fibre surface and polymer matrix. Natural fibre reinforcements have shown better results in impact toughness and fatigue strength. This review aims at explaining about the research and development in the improvement in properties of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites along with its application.

Background: Anorectal malformation (ARM) is one of the most common pediatric surgical problems dealt in day-to-day practice. Although the outcome of surgery has improved a great deal over the last three decades fecal incontinence (FI) is still a common long-term morbidity that affects the quality of life of these patients. Bowel wash (BW) program with pelvic floor exercise are standard care of management for these patients. This study was undertaken to assess the role of interferential therapy (IFT) along with BW compared to BW alone in the management of FI. Methodology: Twenty-four children more than 2-year-old age previously operated for malformation and having FI with Kelly score

A meta model was developed to evaluate the performance of electrothermal anti-icing systems for a rotorcraft engine air intake. A reduced-order model based on proper orthogonal decomposition and a general regression neural network was employed to build the meta model, which covered the entire envelope of icing conditions. A compressible Navier-Stokes-Fourier computational fluid dynamics code was used to simulate the three-dimensional airflow around the rotorcraft engine air intake. High-fidelity droplet trajectory and ice accretion codes were also used to calculate the collection efficiencies and ice accretions on the anti-icing surface of the engine air intake in the heat-on mode. By considering airfoil and rotorcraft engine air intake cases, a feasibility study was then conducted to assess the meta model, using the leave-one-out cross validation method. The module was updated using a self-organizing map that contained k-mean clustering for the new samples in the parametric space. Lastly, the performance of the electrothermal anti-icing system was evaluated to demonstrate the practical use of the meta model. The distributions of ice thickness and icing parameters on the anti-icing surfaces can be used as guidelines for determining the required level of heater power and the size of heat pads.

A hot model study was done to investigate the progress of SiC formation via carbothermal route in the Acheson process. Experiments were carried out in a parametrically controlled medium-scale resistance furnace with the raw materials (silica and carbon) in the stoichiometric ratio. The morphological analysis of the formed product at different radial and angular locations was carried out by XRD and SEM. Whereas, the chemical analysis was used to analyze the sample quantitively which gave a radial and angular map of the amount of SiC formation. The temperature measurement at various locations indicates that it has a significant influence on SiC formation. Whereas, the stoichiometric disorder in the product showed the loss of carbon in the process and silica impurity in the formed SiC. The Porosity measurement shows strong variation from the center to the periphery. The results of this study would be beneficial for the current mass production of SiC.

Understanding ice accretion and aerodynamic performance degradation is essential in any aircraft certification program to ensure safe flight in icing conditions. In addition to well-known meteorological icing parameters and flight conditions, several physical and modeling parameters are known to play a critical role in the simulation of ice accretion on aircraft surfaces. In this study, the sensitivity of eight ice shape attributes and ice mass to five critical physical and modeling parameters was investigated using a high-fidelity computational method. In the sensitivity analysis, the Sobol sequence sampling method, the radial basis function, and Sobol's method were used to generate the sampling points in the given design space, to construct the metamodel, and evaluate the sensitivity indices, respectively. Based on the sensitivity indices, the number of shots turned out to be the largest contributor in the sum of both the first-order and total effects. Surface roughness was also shown to be the dominant parameter affecting the ice horn height and ice horn position because of the strong connection between roughness and heat flux. In general, it was shown that to varying degrees each parameter has a direct effect on ice accretion attributes and aerodynamic performance degradation. Further, it was noted that the parameters' interactions have a significant effect on the ice accretion attributes.

A hot model for SiC production has been developed on the laboratory-scale to measure temperatures in harsh conditions at various locations of the furnace. A unique method has been adopted to measure the core temperature in reactive and high temperature environment. The temperatures of the core and at various radial and angular locations within the furnace were measured using a ratio pyrometer and by B and C-type thermocouples respectively; this type of controlled measurement is missing in this field. In this study, the power supply was maintained such that a constant core temperature was sustained. The temperature decrease along the radial direction is an indicative of the SiC production. Further, at the same radial distances, variations in the local temperature depended on the angular positions; upper regions showed higher temperatures due to escaping hot gases. The results obtained in this study are expected to be beneficial to the industries.

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma (SCT) showing pulmonary differentiation has been rarely reported in the literature. Till date, only eight cases have been reported, out of which six belong to teratomas arising from female genital tract. Spinal teratomas showing pulmonary differentiation are rarer and only two cases have been reported so far in the literature both of which had associated congenital spinal anomaly. We present a rare case of seven day old infant with sacrococcygeal teratoma showing mature lung differentiation as one of its components. The infant was otherwise asymptomatic and had no associated spinal anomaly. This case has been presented for its rarity. Extensive review of the literature along with the possible pathogenesis is also included for better understanding.

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Metanephric adenofibroma is a rare, biphasic, benign tumor containing both stromal and epithelial components and could be potentially mistaken as Wilms’ tumor (WT). We present a 5-year-old girl who was suspected to have metastatic Wilms’ tumor on radiological investigations/tru-cut biopsy and had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but postoperatively final histopathology revealed it as metanephric adenofibroma. No postoperative chemotherapy was given

Congenital pouch colon (CPC) or short colon syndrome is a rare type of anorectal malformation(ARM). Type V is the rarest form of CPC. We present a 1-day-old male child with type V CPC with prune belly syndrome and congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistula (CAUF).

Aim: To study the prevalence of associated anomalies with neonatal duodenal obstruction and factors impacting short-term survival.Material and methods: Records of 31 neonates with neonatal duodenal obstruction could be retrieved and analyzed for a 13.5-year-period (October 2003-May 2016). M:F ratio was 1.58:1. The mean birth weight was 2.15 kg; 12 patients were preterm. Etiologies included duodenal atresia (n=23), duodenal web (n=8) and malrotation of gut (n= 6).Results: Associated anomalies were seen in 19/31: Down’s syndrome (n=6), anorectal malformation (ARM) (n=5), annular pancreas (n=5), cardiac anomalies (n=4), esophageal atresia with trachea-esophageal fistula (EA with TEF) (n=3). Mortality in the series was 22.5%; 5 deaths and 2 patients left against medical advice in moribund state (hidden mortality). Mortality in associated anomalies group was 5/19; and 2/12 in the no anomalies group, though this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.676). Similarly, low birth weight (LBW) did not have impact on survival (p=0.639) but preterm status had highly significant p value (Conclusion: Duodenal atresia was the commonest cause of neonatal duodenal obstruction. Associated anomalies were noted in 61% patients, Down’s syndrome being the most frequent. These anomalies did not have any significant impact on the survival, nor did LBW. Preterm status had significant impact on prognosis.

Symptomatic Mullerian duct cyst is a rare entity in children. A 9-month-old male infant presented with bowel and urinary obstructive symptoms. Imaging investigations revealed a cystic mass in the rectovesical pouch compressing bladder neck and rectum. At laparotomy, a Mullerian duct cyst was found. Most of the cyst was excised and the remaining cyst mucosa was cauterized. The child improved thereafter.