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This case is designed for use in an introductory managerial accounting course. The case provides you with the opportunity to extend and apply managerial accounting knowledge in the practical, real-world setting of managing the start-up of Brittney’s Boutique, a student’s entrepreneurial efforts in the retail fashion merchandising business. The case is intended to challenge you to: (1) use managerial accounting knowledge to prepare statements, analyses, and budgets; (2) recognize and understand the needs and challenges in starting a business; (3) apply Excel knowledge, skills and abilities; and (4) analyze and combine managerial accounting information to make judgments, conclusions and recommendations.

The paper aims to investigate the characteristics of financial reporting and management accounting by Slovenian Small and Medium-sized Entities (SMEs), which represent 99.8% of all Slovene enterprises. The paper examines the most important legal bases for external financial reporting of SMEs, rules in national accounting standards and their close linkage with taxation. The paper highlights how Slovenia adopted the relevant European Union (EU) Directives and emphasizes the particularities of the Slovenian environment that demonstrate diversity at the international level. The paper raises issues concerning lenient requirements on accounting practitioners’ qualifications and a lack of supervision of financial statements. We then provide a literature review of relevant studies in the field of financial and management accounting. The financial accounting literature seems to be more developed than that of management accounting. Studies reviewed in this paper mainly focused on the link between financial accounting and taxation, indicating that the use of accounting discretion is motivated by the effort to minimize taxation.

Drawing on Stones’ (2005) strong structuration theory, the paper unfolds why and how the key stakeholders of central government accounting in Nepal are involved in the reproduction of routinised accounting practices, resisting the externally-propagated changes. Government accountants (the agents-in-focus) through their capability to control the budget routines have enjoyed a powerful social position in their position–practice relations with the agents-in-context, i.e. professional accountants and international consultants, higher-level officers and administrators, auditors, and politicians. Social position along with historically-imbued dispositions and their conduct and context analysis have enabled government accountants to strategically exercise their agency. Government accountants have articulated duality and a dialectic relation with the agents-in-context, which have resulted in the reproduction of everyday accounting practice and the resistance to the World Bank-led reforms, such as accrual accounting and, more recently, the Cash-Basis IPSAS.

Foreign exchange losess bear some pressures for numerous companies in Indonesia particularly for those having liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. This occurs when Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) current exchange rate has weakened against foreign currencies. Related to those phenomenon, this study aims to investigate model earnings management actions using foreign exchange losses (FEL) which provides a method for the detection of earnings management. By employing a quantitative approach, this study used secondary data of financial statements. The data were collected from 50 companies with the largest market capitalisation, 50 of the most active companies based on trading volume, 50 of the most active companies based on the value of trade and 50 of the most active companies by frequency trading. Totally, 200 public companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange were gained as the data based on IDX statistical report 2013. The results identify that FEL model is capable to detect earnings management from a transaction in foreign exchange losses. However, the model cannot capture the phenomenon of earnings management if the company does not own or reported long-term debt and profit/loss on foreign exchange. To prove whether the manager will perform earnings management from FEL, it is suggested to conduct further research using the hypothesis of positive accounting theory (PAT).

The purpose of this study is to explore the area of accounting in traditional market. There are two areas of accounting: management and financial accounting. Some of traditional market traders have prepared financial notes, whereas some of them do not. Their financial notes usually consist of receivables, payables, customer orders, inventories, sales and cost price, and salary expenses. The purpose of these financial notes is usually for decision making. It is very rare for the traditional market traders to prepare financial notes for external users, such as vendors, creditors, and customers. This is because their transactions with vendors, creditors, and customers are very simple. This study used interpretive paradigm. Data was collected using in-depth interview and direct interaction with four informants from three traditional markets. Data is analyzed by organizing them, breaking them into manageable units, coding them, synthesizing them, and searching for patterns. Based on the analysis, this study found that the accounting area of traditional market activities is management accounting rather than financial accounting.

As a member of The Group of Twenty (G20 Forum), Indonesia have agreed to converge towards IFRS. Indonesian Institute of Accountants through the Accounting Standards Board announced that the Drafting international accounting standards (IFRS) came into force in Indonesia in 2012 as a whole. Gradual convergence towards IFRS have been conducted by the Indonesian Institute of Accountants with the revised Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) adapted to IFRS so that companies going public are required to disclose financial information based on new or revised accounting principles that became effective in stages since 2008. This study did archiving accounting standards change over a period of 2008. The gradual change will have an impact on the qualitative characteristics of financial statements primarily on public companies. After the inventory accounting standard changes that occur, further research on the impact of changes in the reporting of public companies.This study aims to assess the feasibility and development of fair value accounting on the adaptation of public companies in this Indonesia. This study contributing picture adaptation of convergence Fair Value Accounting in Indonesia, which still continues to this day. The findings of this study provide new insights that can hamper international accounting convergence in developing countries. Keywords: Adaption IFRS, Accounting Standards,Fair value Accounting

The necessity of carrying out the research in the direction of finding out the ways to improve creative accounting is grounded. The existing approaches of researchers to eliminate the negative consequences of creative accounting are analyzed. Four main groups of researchers' approaches to the improvement of creative accounting are singled out and analyzed. The general and distinctive features of the researchers’ proposals on the improvement of creative accounting are examined. The reasons for the impossibility of using the ethical approach to the improvement of creative accounting in Ukraine in modern conditions are grounded. The necessity of procedural aspects perfection of the creative accounting on the basis of the concept of true and fair view is proved. The classification of the approaches to the construction of accounting methodology in the context of the use of creative accounting is developed. The main regulations of the concept of true and fair view are studied, their use provides an adequate reflection of the company's economic reality in financial reporting.

The necessity of the research on the basis of the positivist model of scientific knowledge is proved. The value of the conceptual framework in the process of bookkeeping selection is analyzed. The differences of the accounting selection adjustment procedure in US GAAP and IFRS are considered. The role and importance of the qualitative characteristics of financial reporting in the implementation of accounting selection are substantiated. The structure of the qualitative characteristics of financial reporting and their limitations under the Conceptual Framework for the preparation and presentation of financial statements are examined. The correlation between the accounting rules and alternatives adopted in US GAAP and IAS / IFRS is analyzed. The necessity to discuss the issue of the feasibility of «rule-oriented» or «principle-oriented» accounting model in the context of multivariate concept is studied. The authors prove the necessity of the application of institutional theory to solve the problems of accounting opportunism that arises when using the concept of multivariate accounting in International Financial Reporting Standards.

This research assesses what knowledge upper-level accounting students possess about the distinctions between the public and private branches of accounting, as well as the influence such knowledge might have on their accounting branch choice. Overall, the study concluded that, before they were aware of the pros and cons of each career path, students preferred a career in public accounting over private accounting. But upon learning the pros and cons of each career path, however, students showed a slight preference toward private accounting. The study suggests research on accountant personality be supplemented by research on the impact of practical knowledge about private versus public accounting work environments on accounting career choice. It suggests greater importance be placed in accounting education on instilling such knowledge.

This research seeks to discover the IT knowledge and skills for accounting graduates which are essential for them to work competently in the industry at the early stage after graduation. In line with the evolvement in technology, it is crucial for accounting graduates to acquire and master accounting-related skills and topics associated with technological innovations, including hardware and software, for them to be resourceful, starting from their first day on the profession. Hence, this study is proposed to provide insight on the expected IT knowledge and skills among accounting graduates from the perspective of industry, specifically public accounting firms in Malaysia. Our descriptive findings reveal that knowledge and skills in accounting software, accounting system, database concept and analysis, project management and business process are essential for accounting graduates. This finding may be used as basic guideline to enhance IT knowledge and skills for accounting graduates, by incorporating these IT elements into specific accounting degree program course, which is accounting information system. With this, it is hoped that the supply of future accountants by educational institutions are of high quality as expected by the industry.

This study examines the Chinese accounting reformation of the 1930s. The reformist work of Xu, the 1929 Company Law and the rapid expansion of Chinese commercial activity allowed a melding of the Westernised debit-credit model with the Chinese traditional accounting model. The fusion was complex, partly because two competing groups – reformationists and transformationists – had a different sense of scientific accounting development. What transpired, however, was a clinging by small to medium-sized entities to the Chinese traditional indigenous bookkeeping system, a preparedness by other small to medium-sized entities to take on Xu’s reformed Chinese-style method, and a willingness by large entities to engage with Western forms of accounting.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between accounting conservatism, corporate governance and political connection in listed firms in Malaysia where political influence plays a significant role in the capital market and in many business dealings.Design/methodology/approachBy utilizing 824 firm-year observations comprising large listed companies over a period of four years from 2004, this study uses ordinary least squares regression models to investigate the relationship between accounting conservatism, corporate governance and political connections in Malaysia. Multiple measures of conservatism developed by Basu (1997) and Khan and Watts (2009) are employed.FindingsThe results show evidence of accounting conservatism (bad news being recognized earlier than good news) in Malaysia. Further, the results reveal that better corporate governance structure in terms of board independence is positively associated with accounting conservatism while management ownership is negatively associated with it. However, political connection has a negative moderating effect on the positive relationship between accounting conservatism and board independence. The results also suggest political connections have a positive association with firm’s future performance.Originality/valueThis study is the first in investigating the effect of political connections on accounting conservatism in Malaysian context and how political connections negatively affect the monitoring role of the corporate boards. By directly measuring political connection and controlling for various corporate governance mechanisms and firm-specific attributes, this study contributes to enhance the authors’ understanding of the political influence in financial reporting quality and firm performance in an emerging market setting.

Purpose This quantitative study aims to examine the impact of accumulated knowledge of accounting on the academic performance of Cost Accounting students. Design/methodology/approach The sample consisted of 89 students enrolled in the Accounting program run by a business college in Kuwait during 2015. Correlation and linear least squares regression analyses tested the study’s hypothesis. Findings Results indicated significant impact of accumulated knowledge on academic performance, with and without controls for other factors. Practical implications The findings provide administrators, academic advisors, accounting educators and researchers with a useful benchmark for the development of accounting curriculum, teaching plans and strategies and future academic research, and it forms the basis for comparative work aimed at the harmonization of international accounting education. Originality/value The study provides empirical support for the theoretical prediction that quantitative accumulated knowledge in accounting has an impact on the academic performance of students, especially in Cost Accounting. Internationally, it provides a foundation for future comparative studies, potentially leading to the harmonization of international accounting education. Regionally, it attempts to fill some of the gaps in the regional accounting education literature. Locally, the study seeks to improve the performance of the accounting students in Cost Accounting within the college where data were collected.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reflect on how best to design, implement and assess accounting reforms in Africa. Design/methodology/approach A cross-disciplinary literature review. Findings Whilst neopatrimonialism inhibits optimal development, some forms do not block it. Such governance often permeates African politics and reforms directed at its elimination may fail due to a lack of political will. Thus accounting reforms should recognize their political feasibility and be directed at areas congruent with strengthening attributes of a developmental state. Research limitations/implications There is a need to evaluate accounting reforms with respect to the level of a country’s development, relate them to its political governance, and evaluate them with respect to incremental rather than absolute achievement of their aims. Practical implications Rather than relying on imported “best practice” accounting standards and systems, there is a need for greater indigenous involvement to create systems that meet local needs and circumstances to increase indigenous accounting capacity and will to reform. Social implications Whilst the push to good governance is a desirable ideal, reforms need to be pragmatic with respect to feasibility. Originality/value The paper relates recent work on development to accounting reform in Africa which has been neglected by accounting scholars and practitioners.

This article aims to analyse the extent to which international accounting standards is applied and whether it is the ultimate goal. Up until the end of 2016, approximately there are 84% of the 149 jurisdictions analysed which require IFRS for all or most domestic publicly accountable entities. This may indicate that we are not that much further from having a single set of globally-accepted accounting standards. However, there is more to financial reporting than just accounting standards alone, such as the political aspect of accounting standard-setting, translation issues surrounding IFRS adoption, the US position and the complexity of financial reporting. Improving financial reporting quality needs more than just having global accounting standards, rather, it is also essential to consider the preparers’ incentives and other institutions surrounding the firm. Stakeholders need to broaden the perspective when viewing financial reporting, so that it will not be focused merely on accounting standards alone.

In this article we draw parallels between law and accounting in order to articulate the concept of “accounting formalism,” which refers to both a theory of accounting practice and a methodology of accounting education. We argue that accounting formalism reigns supreme in contemporary accounting education, and we contrast this with the fate of legal formalism, which, while remaining the dominant mode of legal education, nonetheless declined considerably in influence during the twentieth century. We suggest that the dominance of formalism has resulted in an undue emphasis on the technical aspects of accounting education and a relative pedagogical neglect of the social, critical and ethical dimensions. Drawing on two largely separate discourses in accounting – that which surrounds the role of stewardship/accountability and that which focusses on accounting education – we argue that stewardship/accountability has the capacity to act as the ideal conduit for integrating formalist and anti-formalist perspectives in accounting theory and thereby provide an appropriate and necessary challenge to the dominance of formalism in accounting education. In addition, we propose that stewardship/accountability, as part of the living law (i.e., the moral or customary tradition) of accounting, has the capacity to provide the conceptual foundations for challenging formalism across the inter-related social, critical and ethical dimensions of accounting theory and education. We suggest that such a challenge would bring about multifarious benefits, not only for all those who participate in and thereby constitute the accounting academy, but also for other stakeholders dissatisfied with the trajectory of the current formalist-dominated mode of accounting education.

This article addresses relevant aspects regarding the hidden costs of self-management services in the accounting area, within the accounting department of a company. With this aim, the authors conducted a study using a questionnaire, whose results were analyzed and interpreted. The hidden costs of the self-management of business accounting services observed in the accounting department of the company have been assessed and the causes of their generating sources were identified and analyzed. The debate of these hidden costs involved the treating of notions that exist in the accounting language, but are still not sufficiently explored by the specialists in the area. We also presented and analyzed the causes of the hidden costs of self-management in the accounting activity, as well as a reporting document for failures, arising from the case study. The article ends with the authors' conclusions regarding the hidden costs of self-management services in the accounting area.

Purpose This paper aims to provide an assessment of the decision-usefulness and quality of governmental financial reports in Greece under the recently adopted modified-cash basis. The evaluation is performed within the wider debate regarding the actual benefits of a transition toward an accounting paradigm that lies closer to accrual accounting as the Greek modified-cash basis borrows several accrual characteristics. Design/methodology/approach The transition to modified accruals is analyzed through the prism of the new institutional theory. The approach adopted builds on the characteristics of the accounting information pertaining to the conceptual frameworks of public and private sector accounting standard setting bodies. The assessment is conducted on the basis of the perceptions of public sector financial information users on a Web-based questionnaire. Findings The findings provide empirical evidence, albeit of moderate magnitude, in favor of the benefits associated with a move to full accruals. Originality/value The study moves the debate on the merits of accounting systems’ changes toward the worldwide witnessed trajectory a step forward by providing practical evidence on the matter.

This paper uses bibliographic mapping techniques to map the research conversation in four Pacific Basin accounting journals listed on the Social Sciences Citation Index (Abacus, Accounting and Finance, Australian Accounting Review, and the Australian Journal of Management). We identify the main research streams in these journals as Accounting Standards, Environmental Accounting, Earnings Management, Disclosure, Conservatism, Auditing, Impairment, Cost of Capital, and Corporate Governance. We critically review each research stream, identify emerging research trends, and suggest an agenda for future research on accounting in the Pacific Basin.

SUMMARY This paper highlights the colonization of public accounting firms by marketing expertise. Using data collected through interviews with auditors and marketing experts, complemented with data generated through documentary analysis, we examine the marketing-oriented transformations that took place in public accounting firms and the important outcomes ensuing from the spread of marketing ideology to the field of auditing. To carry out this work, we developed a customized conceptual framework aimed at enriching our understanding of the “marketization” of public accounting. Empirically, we document the development of various marketing strategies and the underlying translations of public accounting firm day-to-day activities (in terms of business relationships and technical advice) into marketing language. Our findings point to the transformation of public accountants to “part-time” marketers. The results are also suggestive of the colonization of public accountants' minds, whose core values are being subjected to the influence of marketing expertise. This shift engenders important consequences, particularly in potentially compromising auditor independence.

I started writing this paper from the premise that compliance with ethics and deontology in the accounting profession decisively contributes to assuring the quality of accounting services provided by professional accountants. For this purpose, we conducted a conjuncture survey, whose subjects, accounting firms, were asked about: their offering of accounting services, their compliance with fundamental ethical principles of the accounting profession, their compliance with deontological norms in promoting accounting services and issues related to the promotion of provided services. Based on the feedback received, we concluded that, basically, ethics and quality must represent the professional accountant, they must be their defining characteristics, but at the same time, in order to excel through their services, it is also necessary that customers, economic entities, show interest and receptivity, and provide the required documents and information in a timely manner and of appropriate quality.

Following a highly disordered series of reforms, Italian universities will adopt accrual accounting by the end of 2016. This article studies the case of two universities where the new accounting system was introduced early (2013). The aim is to identify the main drivers of resistance to change and determine the types of organizational behavior that can counter this resistance. The results show a positive correlation between overcoming resistance to change and implementing specific organizational practices that may soften its effect. Surprisingly, the article found that resistance was stronger in the university where the situation was less complex.

While recent experimental frameworks for national ecosystem service accounting have shown substantial progress, in our view some crucial methodological issues remain that deserve further consideration before setting final standards. In response to the landmark work of Obst et al. (Environ Resour Econ 64:1–23, 2016. doi: 10.1007/s10640-015-9921-1 ), we provide arguments with regard to the suitability of particular valuation approaches. Generally, we agree that respective valuation methods need to produce values that are consistent with national accounting standards such as representing exchange values. However, we disagree with their conclusions regarding specific valuation techniques. Firstly, the circumstance that methods used for estimating shadow prices can also be used to derive consumer surplus does not justify the general exclusion of all shadow pricing methods for valuation of ecosystem services for national accounts, especially for public ecosystem services. Secondly, that preference-based methods can also be used to assess welfare changes does not imply that cost-based methods are generally better suited for ecosystem accounting. To the contrary, we see an essential need for preference information in accounting contexts. Thirdly, that accounting standards use a written-down replacement cost approach, does not mean ecosystem accounting requires to employ a replacement cost approach. To the contrary, we argue that assessing ecosystem degradation through restoration costs would be in line with writing down depreciation, but we also point to its limits.

We examine the extent to which International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) are used as a reference point and as a basis for the development of accounting standards in the Republic of Irelan...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the overall alignment of undergraduate accounting degree programmes from all Certified Practicing Accountants Australia and Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand accredited higher education providers in Australia with the profession’s minimum educational expectations (MEEs). Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a series of quantitative and qualitative analyses to determine whether or not the content and focus of these programmes prepares students for contemporary accounting practice. Findings The results of these analyses demonstrate that most accredited undergraduate accounting degrees in Australia are largely unaligned with the profession’s expectations, with 18 (out of 57) degree programmes showing no overlap between their learning outcomes and the profession’s MEEs. In addition, only two (out of 57) programmes are shown to address all of the profession’s minimum expectations. A subsequent analysis of the focus and structure of the evaluated degree-level learning outcomes revealed additional inconsistencies between the interpretation of individual MEEs by the profession and the higher education sector. Originality/value This paper demonstrates that accredited undergraduate degrees are predominantly unable to prepare students for entry into the accounting profession, and that the prior efforts to align accounting curricula with the profession’s needs and expectation have thus far been largely unsuccessful. The findings of this paper are relevant for higher education providers and the accounting profession because they reflect the current level of alignment between the content and focus of undergraduate accounting education and the profession’s expectations. In addition, the findings of this paper highlight that the current accreditation process of the professional accounting bodies in Australia does not generate the desired alignment between academia and accounting practice.

Purpose This paper aims to examine how social and environmental issues were accounted for and traded off within decision-making for Australia’s largest seawater desalination plant. This is done through an investigation of disclosures contained within key publicly available documents pertaining to the project. Design/methodology/approach The study deploys content analysis to initially identify relevant disclosures. Themes and subthemes are based on definitions of social and environmental accounting adapted from prior research. Relevant information was used to develop “silent accounts” to identify and analyse accountability issues in the case. Findings It was found that a number of claims made throughout reporting were unsupported or insufficiently explained. At the same time, it is found that various forms of basic measurements used to describe social and environmental issues conveyed the rationale of decision makers. It is concluded that many of the claims were asserted rather than evidenced; yet, the manner and context of their presentation gave them the appearance of being incontestable truths. Further, it is argued that the portrayal of social and environmental issues through measurable means is emblematic of values associated with contemporary neoliberal and public sector reforms. Research limitations/implications The findings and conclusions of this study are contextually bound and therefore limited to this case. Practical implications This paper illustrates problems with the reporting of non-financial information and strengthens our understanding of the use of “silent accounting”. It illustrates the value of this approach to research examining accounting and accountability issues. Originality/value The findings contribute to the literature on social and environmental accounting by providing unique empirical analysis of non-financial disclosures within publicly available reporting.

In order to optimize the cost of supply chain and seek cost reduction opportunities, the enterprise discloses the inter-enterprise cost data, which is called as open-book accounting. However, the cooperation between each enterprise across organizational boundaries also involves in the inter-organizational cost management. This paper mainly researches whether the open-book accounting can produce a positive impact on the enterprise performance when the enterprise carries out the inter-organizational cost management. Therefore, the research establishes a relation model from the theory of open-book accounting, inter-organizational cost management and performance, and introduces the regulated variable of information technology to demonstrate whether it is helpful for enhancing the impact of the inter-organizational cost management on the performance. The empirical results show that the open-book accounting has a positive impact on the inter-organizational cost management, and ultimately promotes the improvement of organizational performance; meanwhile, information technology plays a positive regulatory role in the relationship between the inter-organizational cost management and performance.

This study examine the influence of bonus plan hypothesis, debt/equity hypothesis, political cost hypothesis, earning management, institutional ownership, public ownership, independent board and audit committee on firm value with corporate social responsibility as the intervening variable. The study population is 65 natural resource companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2012-2015. Based on purposive sampling method, 21 natural resource companies were selected (or 84 observations). Data was selected from the companies’ financial reports and analysed by using path analysis. This study found that corporate social responsibility can be used as an intervening variable to mediate the effect of political cost hypothesis, earning management, and audit committee to firm value. But, it cannot mediate the effect of bonus plan hypothesis, debt/equity hypothesis, institutional ownership, public ownership and independent board to firm value.

the abuses of managers have the ability to create major problems. In order to avoid future scandals, this study investigates the association between the accounting information system and corporate governance. We hope that these findings will contribute towards the enhancement of good corporate governance created by the accounting function of business organizations. The results of empirical analyses indicate that bookkeeping, financial reporting, and the budgeting system have a positive impact on the corporate governance level, whereas the adoption of Turkish Accounting / Financial Reporting Standards do not. Thus, in order to foster corporate governance, managers should establish internal reporting procedures as well as internal control and monitoring devices before attempting external control through independent auditing.

Goodwill is the amount that an enterprise buyer pays more than the book value of assets. According to foreign accounting practices, external goodwill arises only in the case of acquisition and combination of companies, and internally generated goodwill should not be reflected in the accounting of enterprises at all.The current methodology for reflecting goodwill in Ukraine has weak points, because of the lack of research and the lack of system, related to the novelty of the category and the lack of experience in accounting and reporting. The absence or non-reflection of information on goodwill in accounting leads to a decrease in the attractiveness of national enterprises in the markets for sales, labor, capital, resources, reduces costs, possibility of raising funds, searching for strategic investors and partners, building relationships with the authorities and shaping the demand and loyalty of consumers.An analysis of existing approaches to the accounting interpretation of goodwill with the proposal of classification is carried out. The prerequisites for introduction into accounting practice and gradual expansion of use in the national system of accounting for the goodwill of an enterprise are substantiated.A systematic treatment of positive goodwill for acquiring and combination of the enterprises is presented. The expediency of returning to use in the national accounting system of negative goodwill (badwill) is proved.The use of proposed proposals for the reflection of goodwill in the accounting system will allow national enterprises to increase the real book value, improve the investment-innovative attractiveness for investors, perform efficiency analysis and search for reserves of forming a positive business reputation., Проведено аналіз існуючих підходів до загальноекономічного та регламентованого в бухгалтерському обліку трактування поняття гудвілу. Розглянуто передумови впровадження в облікову практику та поступового розширення використання в національній системі обліку гудвілу підприємства. Запропоновано модифіковану класифікацію гудвілу за ознаками приналежності, якісної оцінки та надходження бізнес об’єктів. Уточнено порядок обліку позитивного гудвілу та доведено доцільність повернення до відображення в національній системі обліку негативного гудвілу (бедвілу)., Проведен анализ существующих подходов к общеэкономическому и регламентированному бухгалтерским учетом трактовок понятия гудвилла. Рассмотрены предпосылки внедрения в учетную практику и постепенного расширения использования в национальной системе учета гудвилла предприятия. Предложена модифицированная классификация гудвилла по признакам принадлежности, качественной оценки и поступления бизнес-объектов. Уточнен порядок учета положительного гудвилла и доказана целесообразность возврата к использованию в национальной системе учета отрицательного гудвилла (бедвилла).

Accounting is an instrument and an object in globalisation but its impact and manifestation is not uniform across Northern developed countries and Southern developing countries (DCs). This paper reviews contributions on globalisation and its influence on accounting in DCs, and identifies important research gaps. It examines the role of accounting in changing development policies, from state capitalism through neo-liberal market-based to good-governance policies. It then considers specific accounting issues, namely the diffusion of International Accounting Standards (now International Financial Reporting Standards) and how they promote global neo-liberalism; the development of the accounting profession in DCs in the face of competition from Northern global accounting firms and professional associations; accounting issues in state-owned organisations, and privatised and multinational corporations; government accounting reforms and the resurrection of the state in DCs; social and environmental accounting issues; and the rise of non-governmental organisations and their accounting and accountability. The discussion and conclusions reflect on achievements to date and important areas requiring further development.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical framework of external accounting communication in the form of a typology based on perspectives, traditions, and theories from the discipline of communication studies. The focus is accounting communication with external audiences via public written documents outside the audited financial statements, i.e., annual reports, press releases, CSR reports, websites, conference calls, etc. Design/methodology/approach The theoretical framework is based on two broad research perspectives on accounting communication: (A) a functionalist-behavioural transmission perspective and (B) a symbolic-interpretive narrative perspective. Eight traditions of communication research are introduced which provide alternative ways of conceptualising accounting communication, namely (1) mathematical tradition, (2) socio-psychological tradition, (3) cybernetic/systems-oriented tradition, (4) semiotic tradition, (5) rhetorical tradition, (6) phenomenological tradition, (7) socio-cultural tradition, and (8) critical tradition. Exemplars of each tradition from prior accounting research, to the extent they have been adopted, are discussed. Finally, a typology is developed, which serves as a heuristic device for viewing similarities and differences between research traditions. Findings Prior accounting studies predominantly focus on the role of discretionary disclosures in accounting communication in the functioning of the relationship between organisations and their audiences. Research is predominantly located in the mathematical, the socio-psychological, and the cybernetic/systems-oriented tradition. Accounting communication is primarily viewed as the transmission of messages about financial, environmental, and social information to external audiences. Prior research is mainly concerned with the communicator (e.g. CEO personality) and the message (e.g. intentions and effects of accounting communication). Research from alternative traditions is encouraged, which explores how organisations and their audiences engage in a dialogue and interactively create, sustain, and manage meaning concerning accounting and accountability issues. Originality/value The paper identifies, organises, and synthesises research perspectives, traditions, and associated theories from the communication studies literature in the form of a typology. The paper concludes with an extensive agenda for future research on accounting communication.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the techniques used by Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) to shift conventional instruments to Shariah-compliant instruments. The paper additionally aims to explore the effect of these techniques on financial reporting. Design/methodology/approach The study recognized two techniques used by the IFI: the combination of contracts which compartmentalizes the economic transaction into a series of linked sub-transactions, and the inclusion of donation (Tabarru) in commercial contracts. The paper also reviews the accounting treatment according to the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI), and compares it to the concepts adopted by the traditional financial reporting framework concepts (especially substance over form concept). Findings With regard to the combination of contracts technique, the major accounting challenge is whether the substance over form concept is considered. Mixed results are found: in some products, the economic substance is presented in the financial reports, while in other cases, the legal form of the contract is reported. This ambiguity may hinder the faithful representation of financial statements. The Tabarru contract is used to justify the risk-shifting practices by Islamic banks. The accounting effects of such contracts may result in failure to recognize assets or liabilities in the financial reports, earnings management and incomplete financial information for the users of the financial reports. Originality/value This study is a response to the call raised by the consultative group established by the International Accounting Standards Board. It provides an additional insight into the accounting treatments for a combination of contracts and Tabarru contracts. It also contrasts the accounting treatments, as stipulated by the AAOIFI, with the conventional accounting frameworks.

The concept of ethics in accounting education has gained paramount importance in todays world. The accounting professionals had experienced controversially the deepest crisis regarding their professions with the discovery that accountants had acceded in notable fictitious financial reporting by corporate giants such as Enron, WorldCom, Tyco, Satyam and the like. The accounting profession in India has started focussing more on accounting ethics at undergraduate and postgraduate levels due to various corporate scandals, especially Satyam scam in India and other scams in the world. Through the close survey of various corporate scams, it is apparently clear that business professionals are likely to be involved in the corporate scandals, their ethical behaviour can be used to measure ethical conduct. Commerce or business students are to become future leaders in business field and their behaviour largely affects the performance of businesses as well as the economic development of the society. Because of the scandals, professionals trustworthiness and objectiveness have raised questioned. The various corporate scams have led to increase the demand for accounting ethics within the professionals and students who are in commerce or business education. The purpose of the study is to explore the perception of ethics of accounting students, teachers, and professionals. For the purpose, we sent a questionnaire to accounting professionals, teachers, and students through email and hard copy to collect their views and we have used the z score test to make a comparison of the perceptions of ethics among the accounting groups. The result shows significant differences among accounting students, teachers, and professionals regarding perception of accounting ethics.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the compliance level of Islamic banks with disclosure accounting standards in some Middle East and North African countries, and most importantly to analyse the factors associated with compliance. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a self-constructed checklist of 203 items to measure the compliance of 38 Islamic banks with disclosure accounting standards during the 2011-2013 period. A multivariate regression analysis is used to determine significant factors influencing the extent of this compliance. Findings The results show a wide variation in compliance levels among the disclosure accounting standards and reveal that compliance is positively related to the listing status, the existence of an audit committee, the bank’s age and the country of domicile. Research limitations/implications This study analyses the compliance level with only disclosure accounting standards. It remains to future research to examine compliance with all Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions’ Financial Accounting Standards (AAOIFI FAS). Moreover, the explanatory power of the model remains modest. This connotes the existence of omitted variables that could be explored in future research. Practical implications The research contributes to the international financial accounting literature about the banking industry. The results are relevant for researchers, accounting professionals, stakeholders, standard-setters and regulatory bodies that are concerned with Islamic banks’ disclosures. Originality/value Although AAOIFI was established since 1991, very few empirical studies about compliance with the FAS have been undertaken. To the authors’ knowledge, there are no studies that investigated the determinants of compliance level with AAOIFI FAS. Then, this study concentrates on disclosure accounting standards (FAS 1 and FAS 5) with a high risk of non-compliance.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which ethics education is incorporated in the curriculum by accounting academics (EXTENT) and its relationship with the following four factors: accounting academics’ attitudes towards ethics education (ATTDE); head of department support (HODS); peer support (PEERS); and accounting academics’ ethics teaching self-efficacy (ETSE). Design/methodology/approach The study utilises data from a questionnaire survey of 117 accounting academics in Malaysia and engages path analysis to test various hypothesised relationships. Findings The results indicate that ATTDE, HODS and PEERS have a significant and positive impact on accounting academics’ ETSE. The findings also suggest that ETSE and PEERS have a direct and positive impact on EXTENT. Overall, ETSE is found to be a significant mediating variable in the relationship between ATTDE, HODS, PEERS and EXTENT. Research limitations/implications The relatively small sample of 117 Malaysian accounting academics and the limited number of factors studied as drivers of ETSE, which limits generalisability of the results. Practical implications This paper is particularly useful for informing heads of departments and the regulatory and professional bodies of resourcing and fostering a work environment that supports peer support and interactions as well as knowledge resources that facilitate individual accounting academics’ to integrate ethics content in their courses or units. Originality/value The study is guided by Bandura’s (1977, 1997) self-efficacy theory and adapts Tschannen-Moran and Hoy’s (2001) teacher efficacy construct in understanding how accounting academic’s belief in one’s ability to complete tasks and achieve goals affects the level of integration of ethics in their courses.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain the emergence processes of accounting change in the Jordanian Ministry of Finance as well as the Jordanian public sector within its socio-economic contexts, as brought about by public and fiscal reforms. The study explains the ways in which accounting change dynamics can emerge on the basis of interaction between “external” origins and “internal” accounts; which identifies that accounting is both shaped by, and shaping, wider socio-economic and political processes. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses an interpretive case study approach. The study adopts institutional and structuration theory as a theoretical lens and uses triangulation in data collection, including interviews, observations and documents and archival records. Findings The paper concludes that the new budgeting systems together with the Results-Based Management emerged as a result of interaction between “external” origins and “internal” accounts. It also highlights the interaction between these levels from one side, and the accounting and organizational change from the other side. The study confirms that factors other than economic may also play an influential role in the emergence of accounting change. It also concludes that there is a radical change of accounting systems in the case study (Ministry of Finance), which is not only a cosmetic change in accounting but is also represented in the actual working practices. The study also confirms that accounting is not a static phenomenon, but one that changes over time to reflect new systems and practices. Research limitations/implications The paper has important implications for institutional research on accounting change and public sector reforms in responding to recent calls to bridge the gap between the extra- and intra-organizational levels of analysis. Hence, it has essential implications for the way in which successful change can be defined in accounting and organizational change literature. It also identifies that management accounting is both shaped by, and shapes, wider socio-economic and political processes, which has important implications for the methods of studying management accounting change. Originality/value The paper is one of the few case studies in the accounting literature to analyze the practical issues organizations face when changing their method of budgeting as influenced by public sector and fiscal reforms. The study contributes to both accounting literature and institutional theory by providing further understanding and “thick explanation” of the dynamics of accounting change in the public sector.

W artykule przeprowadzono ocenę procesów zmian we współczesnych teoriach rachunkowości analizując pracę badaczy w krajach rozwiniętych. Omówiono ponadto nową instytucjonalną teorię rachunkowości. Ocenie poddano przekształcenia działań księgowych w ramach funkcjonalnego zarządzania podsystemami w instytucjach społecznych i w przestrzeni gospodarczej. W artykule opisano składniki i procesy, które charakteryzują system rachunkowości przy uwzględnieniu wpływu państwa. Zaproponowano mechanizmy zarządzania procesami rachunkowości instytucji. Przedstawiono koncepcje klasyfikacji, hierarchii i współdziałania instytucji rachunkowości, inżynierii rachunkowości, imperializmu i teorii rachunkowości zarządczej.

A primary goal for professors in academia is to facilitate the career success of their students by providing them with the necessary subject knowledge, skills, experience, and confidence. In this p...

Succession in family firms may determine the survival or the failure of the business itself. Management accountingliterature has added little to this issue, mainly focusing on the process of succession and change (Songini et. al, 2013;Giovannoni et al., 2011). The present study deals with new management accounting (MA) practices that the juniorgeneration may introduce during the process of succession. The aim of the study is to show that the introduction of newMA practices can contribute to construct the leadership profile of the junior generation. Drawing on the perspective ofActor-Reality Construction, we conducted a case study at a small-sized, family firm producing solar shading systems.We examined how the process of succession derives from the integration of four dimensions of reality: facts,possibilities, values and communication. Such an integration is facilitated by the introduction of a new accountinginformation system and cost report. The case evidence highlights that the construction of the new generation leadershipmay emerge as unintended consequence of the introduction of new MA practices. From the emergent perspective ofActor-Reality Construction, the paper investigates the role of new management accounting practices in the actor-worldrelation constructing the new generation leadership.

This paper employs social network analysis to explore the relational structure of co-authorship in five accounting journals: The Accounting Review, Accounting, Organizations and Society, the Journal of Accounting and Economics, the Journal of Accounting Research, and Contemporary Accounting Research. We discover that the network of authoring accounting academics exhibits “small-world” properties. These results bear implications on the quality of the production and dissemination of novel ideas in accounting scholarship: within a small-world of scholars, the dissemination of new ideas may be fast across the network, but on the other hand, a closely connected network may be less open to the influx of heterodox or radical ideas.

Since the Enron, WorldCom financial fraud, issued after the Sarbanes-Oxley corporate internal control problem has received the widespread attention worldwide. In China, in June 2008, the ministry of finance, securities and futures commission, the national audit office, the China banking regulatory commission, insurance regulatory commission and other five ministries jointly issued the described as China’s version of Sarbanes-Oxley “enterprise internal control basic norms”, but the enterprise internal control system is not yet mature, mainly embodied in the internal audit, internal governance structure and the implementation of the internal control system, etc., thus causes problems in the quality of accounting (the accounting information fraud, etc.). So this article analyzes China accounting information and the current situation of internal control and the effect of internal control on the quality of accounting information, and puts forward constructive suggestions and comments.

The metamorphosis of business processes and corporate strategies is rapidly progressing across the globe. The critical role of intangibles in corporate performance is receiving its due recognition. Complex tradeable financial products are flooding financial markets. In attempts to gear up for the challenge of financial reporting in this upstaged environment, standard setters have substantively restructured reporting systems, with 'fair value' being the bedrock thereof. Moving away from the traditional 'revenue/ expense' matching measure of income towards the 'asset/liability' measure together with the adoption of the Hicksian concept of income is clearly discernible in the pronouncements and ongoing projects of the US Financial Accounting Standards Board (hereinafter referred to as FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (hereinafter referred to as IASB ). In this article, an attempt is made to analyze the issues that are controversial and equivocal, or those that need further refinement insofar as fair value accounting is concerned.

The author of this paper, on basis of analysis of four health organizations, has presented how just a few independent business factors can influence and do influence the financial situation of an indirect budget user. An inextricable set of balances of goods suppliers for consumables, energents and many other suppliers and obligations is formed along a year, on the account 131211. It can be concluded that the methodology of current budget bookkeeping must be changed in such a way that it can follow financial result both on accounting and cash basis or to completely abandon the principle of cash and move to the accrual principle but with different security payments.

Investigating how and why accounting professionals share useless and harmful knowledge challenges designers of accounting systems and organizational leaders. In this paper, we extend self-determination theory (SDT) to investigate the influence of financial incentives on (1) harmful, and (2) masked, i.e., organizationally useless, knowledge sharing (KS) among accounting professionals (n = 428) by adapting measures from SDT to the professional accounting context. Although self-disclosed dysfunctional KS is infrequent in our sample, the results indicate that, consistent with the predictions of our extension of SDT, accountants with higher controlled (higher autonomous) motivation are more (less) influenced by financial incentives and engage in more (less) dysfunctional KS. Data Availability: Contact the authors.

The study discusses the relationship between accounting disclosures and market value under new accounting reporting. The study addresses whether accounting information has improved after the IFRS adoption among Nigerian listed firms. The study adopted Ohlson (1995) stock price model that has commonly been used in the capital market for a 5-year data of 129 companies listed in the Nigerian stock market. The Findings of the study have shown disaggregated assets and liabilities have a strong relationship with stock price. However, there is higher association after the adoption of IFRS from the adjusted R2. Furthermore, current assets presented more explanatory power than all other variables in the model, signifying that investors rely on current assets for decision making. However, Cramer (1987) Z statistics provided no significance difference in value relevance between the two periods. A possible explanation of the changes could be that investors do not view accounting information to be different in the two periods. Therefore, policy makers, standard setters, and regulators need to come together to address the issue of IFRS adoption by firms in Nigeria.

This study investigates whether the ability to choose simplified methods of tax accounting is an important consideration in legal form decisions. Most European countries provide simplified, cash-ba...