428 results on '"Poliéster"'
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102. COMPARACIÓN DEL COMPORTAMIENTO AL ENSAYO DE TIEMPO CRÍTICO DE DISOLUCIÓN DE SUSTRATOS TERMOFIJADOS DE POLIÉSTER Y POLIAMIDA.
- Author
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Cayuela, D., Gacén, J., Maillo, J., Gacén, I., Tzvetkova, M., and Morales, C.
- Abstract
Copyright of Boletin Intexter del Instituto de Investigacion Textil y Cooperacion Industrial Terrassa is the property of Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
103. IMPROVEMENT SURFACE PROPERTIES OF POLYPROPYLENE AND POLYESTER FABRICS BY GLOW DISCHARGE PLASMA SYSTEM UNDER ATMOSPHERIC CONDITION.
- Author
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YAMAN, Necla, ÖZDOGAN, Esen, KOCUM, İ. Cengiz, AYHAN, Hakan, ÖKTEM, Tülin, and SEVENTEKIN, Necdet
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Textile & Apparel / Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon is the property of Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
104. Soporte de Nuevas Películas de TiO2 y TiO2/SiO2 sobre Gránulos de Poliéster para Aplicación en Fotocatálisis.
- Author
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Marín, Juan M., Navío, José A., Rios, Luis A., and Restrepo, Gloria
- Subjects
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POLYESTER films , *PLASTIC films , *COLLOIDS , *SILICONES , *PHOTOCATALYSIS - Abstract
Films of TiO2 and of TiO2/SiO2 were supported on polyester granules using a diffusion mechanism and a posterior thermal treatment to 100°C. Two kinds of gels were used. The first one was prepared using different amounts of TiO2, methylene chloride and liquid silicone. The second one used the solgel method to produce a silica matrix by adding tetraethyl orthosilicate, water and 2- propanol. After that the photocatalyst was dispersed in the gel. The precursors of each system were added in different amounts to determine their influence in the stability, properties and photoactivity of the films. The photocatalytic activity was tested in the methanol photodegradation in gas phase. The results show the production of materials with high resistance, functionality and activity as well as a strong dependence between the photocatalityc activity and efficiency with the physicochemical properties of the films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
105. INFLUENCIA DEL TIEMPO EN LA FABRICACIÓN DE SISTEMAS FOTOACTIVOS TiO2/POLIESTER.
- Author
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Mejía, Maria Isabel, Marín, Juan Miguel, Díaz, Zaira, Ríos, Luis Alberto, and Restrepo, Gloria
- Subjects
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TITANIUM dioxide , *POLYESTER fibers , *IMMERSION in liquids , *DIFFUSION , *SURFACE coatings , *MORPHOLOGY , *MICROSCOPY , *SPECTRUM analysis - Abstract
The support by sol-gel of titanium dioxide appears on polyester fibers using the immersion-diffusion method, using different times of impregnation to determine its effect in the characteristics of the obtained coating. The supported samples were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), Optical Microscopy (MO) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy - Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR- ATR). The results showed the presence of TiO2 in all prepared systems and different characteristic from the coatings, being the covering obtained to 11 hours the one that displays the best morphologic and structural characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
106. CARACTERÍSTICAS ESTRUCTURALES Y FUNCIONALES DE HILADOS ELABORADOS CON DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE HILATURA NEUMÁTICA.
- Author
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Riva, A., Coll, L., and Kasem, M. H.
- Abstract
Copyright of Boletin Intexter del Instituto de Investigacion Textil y Cooperacion Industrial Terrassa is the property of Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
107. Pametne tekstilije za zavese: Impregnirno barvanje poliestrne preje s fosforescenčnimi pigmenti.
- Author
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Gorenšek, Marija, Sever, Mateja, Debelak, Franci, Rijavec, Tatjana, Bizjak, Matejka, and Bračko, Sabina
- Abstract
The article presents textile research into the production of phosphorescent polyester (PET) yarn for glow-in-the-dark curtains. Six phosphorescent pigments were used in pad-dyeing method, including Speciallux TPLL-9E Yellow-Green, Speciallux MSOR-4D Orange, and Speciallux TPB-9E Sky-Blue. Impregnation of PET yarn with the TPLL-9E using binder yields excellent washing and rubbing fastness at 40 degress Centigrade. Speciallux TPLL-9E had the best glowing effect that remained after washing. Pad-dyeing was found to be unsuitable for binding the pigments on PET yarn.
- Published
- 2006
108. Vpliv carrierja in temperature na obarvljivost različnih poliestrov.
- Author
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Klančnik, Maja
- Abstract
The article presents textile research into the influence of temperature and carrier on dyeability of polyester fibers, specifically polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), polybutyleneterephthalate (PBT), and bicomponent polyethyleneterephthalate-polytrimethyleneterephthalate (PET/PTT). Dyeability was investigated in exhaust dyeing procedure with a disperse pigment in different amounts of carrier at 100 degrees Centigrade and 130 degrees. Characteristics evaluated are colorfastness, organic pollution of waste water, and color strength.
- Published
- 2006
109. INFLUENCIA DE LAS MEZCLAS DE POLIGLUCÓSIDO CON TENSIOACTIVO ANIÓNICO EN EL LAVADO DE TEJIDO DE POLIÉSTER.
- Author
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Carridn, F.J.
- Abstract
Copyright of Boletin Intexter del Instituto de Investigacion Textil y Cooperacion Industrial Terrassa is the property of Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
110. BIODEGRADATION OF AGED COMPOSITION OF POLYETHYLENE WITH SYNTHETIC POLYESTER.
- Author
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Łabużek, Sylwia, Nowak, Bożena, and Pająj, Jolanta
- Subjects
BIODEGRADATION ,POLYETHYLENE ,POLYESTERS ,PENICILLIUM ,CHEMICAL structure - Abstract
Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
111. BIODEGRADATION OF MODIFIED POLYETHYLENE IN SOIL UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS.
- Author
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Łabużek, Sylwia, Pająk, Jolanta, and Nowak, Bożena
- Subjects
BIODEGRADATION ,POLYETHYLENE ,SOILS ,POLYESTERS ,BIOCHEMISTRY - Abstract
Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
112. Estudio de la posibilidad de obtención de nanocelulosa extraída del alga Posidonea Oceánica para el tratamiento de textiles
- Author
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Mateu Lozano, Lorena
- Subjects
Thermal properties ,Propiedades mecánicas ,Morphology ,Máster Universitario en Ingeniería Textil-Màster Universitari en Enginyeria Tèxtil ,Posidonia Oceánica ,Polyester ,Propiedades térmicas ,Mechanical properties ,Yute ,Cotton ,Jute ,Algodón ,Morfología ,Posidonia Oceanica ,INGENIERIA TEXTIL Y PAPELERA ,Nanocelulosa ,Poliéster ,Nanocellulose - Abstract
[ES] La Posidonia Oceánica es una especie endémica presente mayoritariamente en el mar Mediterráneo. La acumulación de hojas muertas en las playas debido a las mareas junto a sus propiedades químicas y estructurales de la celulosa tan similares a la celulosa extraída en especies terrestres muestra un gran interés, ya que es un recurso renovable, biodegradable y de bajo coste. En este trabajo se quiere realizar un estudio sobre la extracción de nanocelulosa del alga Posidonia Oceánica, la cual según estudios bibliográficos está compuesta en un alto porcentaje de celulosa. Se llevará a cabo un estudio teórico sobre las diferentes técnicas de extracción, definiendo el proceso que se crea conveniente para la extracción a partir del alga. Paralelamente se abordará un análisis del estado de arte referente tanto a la extracción de celulosa, como sus aplicaciones, para posteriormente centrarse en aplicaciones textiles sobre diferentes sustratos. Se definirá el sistema adecuado para la incorporación de éstas sobre un producto textil y las técnicas de caracterización que se deben de utilizar para obtener los resultados de una mejora en las propiedades físicas, térmicas de los tejidos tratados, entre otras propiedades. Finalmente, con este estudio se lleva a cabo una planificación de un posible trabajo de investigación en el futuro, con el cual se describen las acciones y tareas a realizar para la extracción de la nanocelulosa a partir de la Posidonia Oceánica para conferirle propiedades físicas al textil., [EN] Posidonia Oceanica is an endemic species which is mostly presents in the Mediterranean Sea. The collection of dead leaves on the beaches due to the tides with their chemical and structural properties of the celluloses as similar as the cellulose extracted of terrestrial species show a big interest considering that it is a renewable, biodegradable and a low-cost resource. In this academic work is going to carry out a study about the extraction of the nanocellulose from Posidonia Oceanica algae, which according with bibliographic studies it is composed in a high percentage of cellulose. It is going to be executed a theoretical study about the different techniques of extraction, defining a correct process for the extraction departing from the algae. From the other hand, it will be tackle the analysis of the state of art referring to the extraction of cellulose, and its applications for focus on textile applications about different substrates. The system will be adequately defined for the incorporation of these on the textile product and the techniques of characterization which should be used for obtain the results of an improvement in physical, thermal properties on the treaties tissues such as other properties. Finally, with this study is carry out a planning of a possible research work in the future, which describes the actions and tasks to realize the extraction of nanocellulose from the Posidonia Oceanica to confer physical properties to the textile.
- Published
- 2020
113. Optimización de la absorción de sonido de un material textil
- Author
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Jorge Gabriel Segura Alcaraz, Pilar Segura Alcaraz, María Angeles Bonet Aracil, and Ignacio José Montava Seguí
- Subjects
Fabric ,MECANICA DE LOS MEDIOS CONTINUOS Y TEORIA DE ESTRUCTURAS ,General Engineering ,Polyester ,Diseño de experimentos ,Tejido ,INGENIERIA TEXTIL Y PAPELERA ,Absorción de sonido ,Nonwoven ,DOE ,DDE ,Sound absorption ,No tejido ,Poliéster ,Design of experiments - Abstract
[ES] Un material absorbente de sonido de tipo fibroso como la guata de poliéster se puede cubrir con una lámina de tejido para su protección y decoración, mejorando sus características de absorción acústica. En este trabajo se mide el coeficiente de absorción de sonido de un material textil multicapa formado por una capa de 45 mm de no tejido de poliéster y una capa de tejido acolchado empleando el tubo de impedancia. Se emplea el diseño de experimentos para optimizar dos características del tejido como son la densidad de trama y el empleo de tramas de relleno de forma que se obtenga el mayor coeficiente de absorción de sonido en todas las frecuencias estudiadas. Los resultados proporcionan la combinación de los factores estudiados que maximiza la absorción acústica. [EN] A fibrous sound absorbing material, such as a polyester nonwoven, can be covered with a layer of fabric for its protection and decoration, with an improvement of its sound absorption characteristics. In this work, the sound absorption coefficient of a multilayer textile material composed by a 45mm polyester nonwoven and a layer of stuffed fabric, is measured using an impedance tube. Design of experiments is used to optimize two characteristics of the fabric like weft density and use of stuffing picks, so the highest sound absorption coefficient is obtained in all the studied frequencies. Results show the combination of the studied factors that maximizes sound absorption.
- Published
- 2020
114. Estructuras de plástico
- Author
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Llopis Vidal, Adrián, Maciá Mateu, Antonio, and Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ingeniería Civil
- Subjects
Vivienda ,Plástico ,Estructura ,Nervaduras ,Poliéster ,Mecánica de los Medios Continuos y Teoría de Estructuras - Abstract
Uno de los mayores avances, sino el mayor, dentro del campo de la arquitectura estructural debe ser en primer lugar el cálculo científico en sí, la implementación de las matemáticas y la física a la arquitectura. Con ello aprendimos a mejorar nuestra forma de construir, de entender por qué las construcciones no se caían y a confirmar la validez de aquellos diseños estructurales que ya dábamos como adecuados. Tras este cambio de paradigma, de lo empírico a lo analítico, cada avance en las estructuras venía dado por el material con el que se construían. Pero no únicamente la materialidad per se aumentaba el grado de conocimiento, más bien cada materialidad exigía paralelamente desarrollar un diseño estructural que adaptara sus propiedades. Ha ocurrido con la piedra, el acero, el vidrio, la tela y el hormigón. Cada uno de ellos ha significado un antes y un después en la arquitectura y la forma de construir. Hoy en día se siguen descubriendo nuevos materiales que estamos pudiendo implementar en nuestros diseños y no se vaticina que esto vaya a acabar aquí. Pero en el caso que nos ocupa vamos a hablar de los plásticos, que pese a haber representado un cambio en la producción y la industria de todo el mundo, no se implementó en la arquitectura como para llegar a destacar. Es uno de los grandes olvidados del siglo pasado que prometía mucho pero que a los arquitectos no les despertó el suficiente interés como para considerarlo una herramienta. A día de hoy se conoce muy bien cuáles son las cualidades básicas del plástico y sus derivados; ello nos ha dado una mayor consciencia y ha repercutido peyorativamente en la percepción que tenemos de él. Si en su momento no se valoró como material estructural, ahora no es posible concebir su validación para nuevos campos dentro de la industria. Podría parecer ir en contra de los principios eco-sostenibles que tanto han arraigado en la conciencia colectiva pero cabe contextualizar: si no hay nada que deba ser más duradero que un edificio (o su estructura mismamente), ¿no debería estar constituido por materia que perdure toda su vida útil? Más allá de estas cuestiones, sí hemos podido ver pinceladas de lo que este material puede ofrecer en la arquitectura; incluso tuvo su propio movimiento a medias tintas impulsado por arquitectos finlandeses de la época de los 60s. Se destacará “La Casa del Futuro” de Matti Suuronen, un concepto que era el principal motor para la construcción con elementos plásticos y que culminó con varios diseños; entre ellos el Venturo. Por otra parte, en su mayoría este material se sigue utilizando para crear arquitecturas efímeras y funcionalmente limitadas. Estos diseños serán objeto de estudio en el presente trabajo y se usarán, en cuyo caso, para ejemplificar la forma en que se pueden conseguir resultados estructurales pragmáticos. Para abordar el trabajo, primeramente se procederá a la descripción de la concepción de los plásticos: sus características, particularidades y propiedades, a partir de las cuales se pueden establecer las ventajas y desventajas sobre el uso de susodicho material. Casi se tratará de un ensayo físico donde para contextualizar los datos se compararán con las propiedades de los materiales más comunes en la construcción. Cabe mencionar que existen diversos tipos de plásticos por que para cada variedad se le podrá adjudicar una estrategia de diseño estructural diferente; ello nos llevará al siguiente apartado del trabajo. Llegados aquí ya tendremos un punto de partida para introducirnos en el ámbito arquiestructural, donde será vital aprovechar las cualidades idóneas para que los elementos plásticos sean portantes y aptos para el servicio. Con la ayuda de los ejemplos, comentados anteriormente, seguiremos profundizando en la aplicación del plástico a la arquitectura. Cada obra o grupo de obras contará consigo con una tipología estructural diferenciada, en la que dependiendo de la forma en que el plástico esté rigidizado, conformará o conformarán una categoría; pudiéndose categorizar hasta cuatro tipologías según el método de rigidización. Estas son: Tras hablar de las carencias que puedan padecer estas estructuras y de qué forma se pueden solucionar, finalmente se ahondará en una solución constructiva propia. Nos declinaremos por una tipología estructural dentro de las cuatro categorías analizadas, e implementaremos un programa concreto. La finalidad de este apartado es hacer las veces de conclusión, dejando como entendido los conceptos a partir de los que se ha hecho el estudio y aportando nuevas soluciones. Como último matiz antes de empezar con el análisis del material hay que aclarar que la intención de este trabajo no es validar el uso de plásticos en la arquitectura; más bien pretende hacer evidentes las cualidades que tuvieran en una estructura.
- Published
- 2020
115. Fabricació de materials compostos biodegrables per aplicacions barrera en embalatges d’un sol ús
- Author
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Martínez i Vecino, Marc, Universitat de Girona. Escola Politècnica Superior, and Oliver-Ortega, Helena
- Subjects
Polièster ,Biopolímers ,Biopolymers ,Plastics industry and trade ,Biodegradable plastics ,Polietilè ,Polipropilè - Abstract
En els últims anys la major demanda de plàstics està principalment destinada a l’embalatge, amb aproximadament el 40% de la demanada total. Tot i que aquest embalatge està referit a qualsevol envàs o material de protecció, un grup important és l’envasament d’aliments. A més a més, cal remarcar que aquests embalatges en general són materials d’un sol ús però en els que s’utilitzen polímers provinents del petroli, una font escassa i no renovables. La recerca per a millorar l'envasament dels aliments és continua, tot i que els avanços en aquest camp poden afectar a l’impacte ambiental dels envasos. Tot i la gran varietat de plàstics acceptats, els plàstics que son utilitzats com a materials d'embalatge son: el polietilè (PE), el polipropilè (PP) i polièsters com el (PET) són els més comuns tot i que darrerament, hi ha hagut un important augment de l'interès per l'ús de materials d’origen renovable i biodegradables en l’àmbit dels envasos degut a l’avantatge a nivell ambiental. El PLA, és un biopolímer comercial, per a desenvolupar un material biodegradable amb la funcionalitat d’envasar aliments. No obstant això, l'ús dels biopolímers s'ha limitat, generalment, a causa de les deficients propietats mecàniques i de barrera. Per aquesta raó, l’addició d’un material com és la Montmoril·lonita, quan esta correctament intercalada i/o exfoliada, potencia l’efecte barrera del PLA i donar lloc a uns materials compostos amb propietats excel·lents per l’ús en envasament alimentari In recent years, the greatest demand for plastics has been mainly for packaging, with approximately 40% of the total demand. Although this packaging is referred to any packaging or protective material, an important group is food packaging. Besides In addition, it should be noted that these packages are generally disposable but in materials using polymers from oil, a scarce and non-renewable source. The research to improve food packaging is continuous, although advances in this field may affect the environmental impact of packaging. Despite the wide variety of plastics accepted, the plastics that are used as packaging materials are: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyesters such as (PET) are the most common although recently there has been a significant increase in interest in the use of renewable and biodegradable materials in the scope of packaging due to the environmental advantage. PLA is a commercial biopolymer. to develop a biodegradable material with the functionality of food packaging. No however, the use of biopolymers has generally been limited due to deficiencies mechanical and barrier properties. For this reason, the addition of a material such as Montmorillonite, when properly inserted and / or exfoliated, enhances the barrier effect of the PLA and give rise to composite materials with excellent properties for use in food packaging
- Published
- 2020
116. Síntesis de polihidroxialcanoatos a partir de Scenedesmus acuminatus, como alternativa a los plásticos derivados del petróleo
- Author
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Vizcaíno Rodríguez, Luz Adriana, Caro Becerra, Juan Luis, Lujan Godínez, Ramiro, Mayoral Ruiz, Pedro Alonso, and Parra J. Guadalupe , Michel
- Subjects
algae ,biomasa ,algas ,biomass ,bioplásticos ,bio plastic ,biodegradable ,polyester ,biodegradables ,poliéster - Abstract
The indiscriminate use of plastic causes environmental problems; is estimated that around 500 year are required for its total degradation. The strategies for its recycle require the technology development and the users’ conscience. The alternatives which are made by biotechnological methods are not sustainable, due to the elevated cost compared with oil derivate. The polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA) are polyesters classified on function of the length of the acid fats chain and synthetized by microorganism with proprieties similar to the polypropylene. The present study objective is to evaluate the potential of the Scenedesmus acuminatus strains on the PHA production. A growing kinetics on 30 test tubes with 20 ml as Bold cultivate mean and 5 ml of strain. We monitored it a 72 hla frequency of extracellular acid fats production and cellular biomass. The acid fats presences were determinate with black sudan ink and composed microscopy at 40 X objective. From the day fifth teen on acid fats on the cellular supernatant can be seen. The acid fats were proportional to the incubation days and according to the PHA literature they are produced on cellular stress, when there is a lack of macronutrients in cultivate and high quantity of carbon. Scenedesmus has the capacity to use the CO2 as a carbon source, which reduce the operation cost., El uso indiscriminado de plástico ocasiona problemas ambientales; se estima que el proceso de degradación requiere por lo menos de 500 años. Las estrategias para su reciclado requieren del desarrollo de tecnología y concientización de los usuarios. Las alternativas para su reemplazo con materias primas elaboradas mediante métodos biotecnológicos no son sostenibles, debido al elevado costo de producción comparado con los derivados del petróleo. Los polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA) son poliésteres clasificados en función de la longitud de cadena de los ácidos grasos, y sintetizados por microorganismos con propiedades similares al polipropileno. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el potencial que poseen las cepas de Scenedesmus acuminatus para producir PHA. Se estableció una cinética de crecimiento con 30 tubos de ensayo que contenían 20 mL de medio de cultivo Bold y 5 mL de cepa. Se monitoreó con una frecuencia de 72 hla producción de ácidos grasos extracelulares y la biomasa celular. La determinación de ácidos grasos se realizó con la tinción negro sudan y microscopio compuesto con objetivo de 40X. A partir de los 15 días de cultivo se observaron ácidos grasos en el sobrenadante celular. La producción de ácidos grasos fue directamente proporcional a los días de incubación y de acuerdo con la literatura los PHA´s se producen en condiciones de estrés celular, cuando hay deficiencia de macronutrientes en el medio de cultivo y alta disponibilidad de fuente de carbono. Scenedesmus tiene la capacidad de emplear CO2 como fuente de carbono, lo cual reduce los costos de operación.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
117. Investigation of the effects of different type softeners on cotton, vıscose and polyester knitted fabrics
- Author
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Özbarutçu, Begüm, Orhan, Mehmet, and Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Tekstil Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı.
- Subjects
Yumuşatıcı ,Poliester ,Viskon ,Polyester ,Pamuk ,Farklı örgü tipi ,Cotton ,Different knitting type ,Softener ,Viscose - Abstract
Tekstil terbiye proseslerinin son basamağını oluşturan bitim işlemleri, mamulün tutumunu, görünümü ve kullanım özelliklerini etkileyen ve yeni özellikler kazandıran işlemlerdir. Bitim işlemlerinde yumuşatıcıların büyük önemi vardır ve tekstil endüstrisinde en yaygın olarak silikon yumuşatıcılar kullanılır. Yapılan bu deneysel çalışmada polietilen, noniyonik, hidrofil, makro ve mikro silikon yumuşatıcılar emdirme yöntemi yardımıyla farklı örgü tiplerindeki (süprem, interlok ve selanik) pamuk, viskon ve poliester örme kumaşlara uygulanmış ve sonrasında renk değişimi, hava geçirgenliği, ısıl geçirgenliği, patlama mukavemeti, enine ve boyuna yönde uzama ve kat düzelme açısı üzerine etkisi gibi özelliklerindeki değişimler incelenmiştir. Finishing processes which constitute the last step of textile finishing processes are the processes that affect the attitude, appearance and usage properties of the product and give new features. Softeners are of great importance in finishing processes and silicone softeners are most commonly used in the textile industry. In this experimental study, polyethylene, nonionic, hydrophilic, macro and micro silicone softeners were applied to cotton, viscose and polyester knitted fabrics of different knitting types (single jersey, interlock and selanik) with the help of impregnation method and then color change, air permeability, thermal permeability, explosion strength, transverse and longitudinal elongation and the effect of changes on the fold recovery angle.
- Published
- 2019
118. Uporaba tržnih detaširnih sredstev pri gospodinjskem pranju
- Author
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Koščak, Špela and Kert, Mateja
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barvna razlika ,detaširna sredstva ,spotting agent ,poliester ,wool ,bombaž ,umazanija ,polyester ,colour difference ,volna ,cotton ,soil - Abstract
V diplomskem delu je bil preučevan vpliv tržnih detaširnih sredstev na odstranjevanje različnih umazanij z bombažne, poliestrske in volnene tkanine pri gospodinjskem pranju. V raziskavi so bile uporabljene štiri različne umazanije, ki so v gospodinjstvih pogosto prisotne, in sicer borovnica, kečap, trava in rdeče vino. Uporabljeni sta bili dve tržni znamki detaširnih sredstev, in sicer Texil Detachant (D) in Dr. Beckmann (B). Pranje je bilo izvedeno na več načinov v skladu s standardom SIST EN ISO 105:C06 v napravi GyroWash pri 40 °C. Učinek pranja je bil spektrofotometrično ovrednoten z izračunom barvne razlike med vzorci pred izvedenim pranjem in po njem. Barvna razlika je bila izračunana z uporabo barvnega prostora CIELAB. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da je učinkovitost pranja pogojena z načinom pranja, vrsto in sestavo umazanije in surovinsko sestavo tekstilije. Detaširna sredstva B, v kombinaciji s pralnim sredstvom ali brez njega, so izboljšala odstranjevanje preučevanih umazanij s tkanin različnih surovinskih sestav v primerjavi z detaširnimi sredstvi D, kar smo pripisali sestavi detaširnih sredstev. In diploma thesis the influence of commercial spotting agents on removal of different soils from cotton, polyester and wool fabric in household washing was studied. Four different soils were used in the research, namely blueberry, ketchup, grass and red wine, which are very common household soils. Two commercial brands of spotting agents were used: Texil Detachant (D) and Dr. Beckmann (B). The washing of soiled fabrics was performed in accordance to SIST EN ISO 105:C06 standard in GyroWash apparatus at 40 °C. The washing efficiency was evaluated spectrophotometrically by determining of the colour difference between unwashed and washed soiled fabric using CIELAB colour space. The results showed that the washing efficiency was strongly dependent on the washing mode, type and composition of the soil, and the fabric composition. The spotting agents B alone or in combination with washing agent were more efficient in removing the studied soils from fabrics of different composition in comparison with the spotting agents D, which was attributed to the spotting agents’ composition
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- 2019
119. O efeito da modificação química das fibras de curauá nas propriedades morfológicas, térmicas e mecânicas de compósitos de poliéster
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Teixeira, Linconl Araújo and Luz, Sandra Maria da
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Fibras vegetais ,Curauá ,Compósitos poliméricos ,Poliéster - Abstract
Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade UnB Gama, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Integridade de Materiais da Engenharia, 2019. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAP/DF). A aplicação de fibras naturais como reforço de compósitos poliméricos requer uma investigação mais aprofundada sobre quais tratamentos são mais eficientes para melhorar a interação fibra/matriz, uma vez que, a qualidade do tratamento superficial pode melhorar as propriedades mecânicas dos materiais compósitos. Compósitos de poliéster, essencialmente hidrofóbico, podem apresentar incompatibilidade com a fibra hidrofílica. Neste contexto, diferentes tratamentos químicos foram aplicados às fibras de curauá, avaliando assim seus efeitos sobre as propriedades finais do material. A fibra de curauá (Ananas erectifolius) é extraída de uma planta típica da região amazônica, e vem sendo utilizada por setores da engenharia por apresentar um alto teor de celulose, baixa densidade e alta resistência mecânica. A resina poliéster é um polímero termofixo com grande número de ligações cruzadas que tornam esse polímero resistente mecanicamente mesmo a altas temperaturas. Portanto, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é avaliar o efeito que os tratamentos superficiais sobre as fibras de curauá nas propriedades morfológicas, térmicas e mecânicas de compósitos de poliéster. Os agentes de tratamento das fibras de curauá foram o Ba(OH)2 10% (m/v), Ca(OH)2 14% (m/v), NaOH 5% (m/v), KOH 10% (m/v) e silano 5% (m/v). As fibras tratadas e in natura foram caracterizadas por meio das análises térmicas, espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), difração de raios-X (DRX) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Depois da obtenção das fibras tratadas, os compósitos reforçados com fibras 10% (m/v)/poliéster foram confeccionados pelo método hand lay up. Além disso, os compósitos foram analisados por meio de ensaios mecânicos de tração, flexão, impacto, análises térmicas e MEV. Todos os tratamentos aplicados às fibras de curauá foram capazes de causar modificações químicas na estrutura da fibra. Pois de uma forma geral, o mesmo padrão de remoção de lignina e hemicelulose foram detectados nas análises térmicas, DRX, FTIR e de caracterização química. Aliás, por meio da análise de DRX, pode-se observar também que houve um aumento do índice de cristalinidade das fibras tratadas. Por fim, a Tg do compósito curauá Ca(OH)2/poliéster foi a maior entre todos os materiais. E o compósito de curauá silano/poliéster apresentou a maior estabilidade térmica entre os compósitos. Além disso, a inserção das fibras tratadas nos compósitos de poliéster, resultaram em melhores propriedades mecânicas de tração e flexão dos compósitos de fibras tratadas em relação aos compósitos de fibra in natura. Na análise das propriedades mecânicas (impacto) observou-se um aumento na resistência ao impacto dos compósitos de fibras tratadas em comparação a matriz pura. The application of natural fibers as reinforcement of polymer composites requires further investigation into which treatments are most efficient to improve fiber/matrix interaction, since the quality of surface treatment can improve the mechanical properties of composite materials. Essentially hydrophobic polyester composites may be incompatible with the hydrophilic fiber. In this context, different chemical treatments were applied to the curacao fibers, thus evaluating their effects on the final properties of the material. Curaua (Ananas erectifolius) fiber is extracted from a typical plant in the Amazon region, and has been used by engineering sectors for its high cellulose content, low density and high mechanical strength. Polyester resin is a thermosetting polymer with a large number of crosslinks that makes this polymer mechanically resistant even at high temperatures. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to evaluate the effect that surface treatments on curacao fibers have on the morphological, thermal and mechanical properties of polyester composites. Curaua fiber treatment agents were 10% (w v) Ba(OH)2, 14% (w/v) Ca(OH)2, 10% (w/v) KOH, 5% (w/v) NaOH, 10% (w/v) and 5% (w/v) silane. The treated and fresh fibers were characterized by thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Xray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After obtaining the treated fibers, the 10% (w/v)/polyester fiber reinforced composites were made by the hand lay up method. In addition, the composites were analyzed by mechanical tests of tensile, flexural, impact, thermal analysis and SEM. All treatments applied to the curaua fibers were able to cause chemical modifications in the fiber structure. In general, the same pattern of lignin and hemicellulose removal were detected in thermal analysis, XRD, FTIR and chemical characterization. Incidentally, through XRD analysis, it can also be observed that there was an increase in the crystallinity index of the treated fibers. Finally, the Tg of Curaua Ca(OH)2/polyester composite was the highest among all materials. And the curaua silane/polyester composite presented the highest thermal stability among the composites. In addition, the insertion of the treated fibers into the polyester composites resulted in better mechanical tensile and flexural properties of the treated fiber composites compared to in natura fiber composites. In the analysis of the mechanical properties (impact) an increase in the impact resistance of the treated fiber composites compared to the pure matrix was observed.
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- 2019
120. Technique proposition for surgery rope making
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Bello, Lucas Krusch, Müller, Daniel Curvello de Mendonça, Pinto Filho, Saulo Tadeu Lemos, and Serafini, Gabriele Maria Callegaro
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Poliglactina 910 ,Tension ,CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIA [CNPQ] ,Ligamento ,Polyester ,Implant ,Implante ,Ligament ,Poliéster ,Tração ,Polyglactin 910 - Abstract
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES The most tension resistant, non-metallic, surgical suture is 5 polyester. Still, it’s load represents 9,32% of canine cranial cruciate ligament’s resistance and 5,86% of canine gastrocnemius tendon’s up until it ruptures. In this study, surgical sutures were grouped and twisted, resulting in a rope with high mechanical resistance. We analyzed manufacturing methodology, final conformation and tension resistance, based on three sutures models: “A” (1 polyglactin 910), “B” (1 polyester) and “C” (5 polyester). Considering averages of thickness and final load, the “B” implants obtained lower values than “A”, indicating that polyglactin 910 ropes are more resistant than those of polyester. Moreover, the “C” implants resulted in the highest values of load and thickness, indicating that final thickness is predictive towards tension resistance. Size 1 Polyester was the only one to generate linear regression for supported load, ensuring the 25,34 Newtons (N) increment to every suture added to the implant, wich suggests its use for the creation of non-absorbable ropes. The use of 1 polyglatctin 910 promotes load averages superior to 1 polyester, therefore, it is indicated for making absorbable surgical ropes. O fio cirúrgico não metálico com maior resistência à tração é o poliéster nº 5. Ainda assim, sua carga representa 9,32% da resistência do ligamento cruzado cranial de cães e 5,86% do tendão gastrocnêmico canino até suas rupturas. Neste estudo, fios cirúrgicos foram agrupados e torcidos, resultando em uma corda com alta resistência mecânica. Foram analisadas a metodologia de confecção, a conformação final e a resistência à tração, baseados em três modelos de fios: “A” (poliglactina 910 nº 1), “B” (poliéster nº 1) e “C” (poliéster nº 5). Considerando as médias de espessura e carga final, os implantes “B” obtiveram menores valores do que “A”, indicando que cordas de poliglactina 910 são mais resistentes que as de poliéster. Ademais, os implantes “C” resultaram nos maiores valores de carga e espessura, indicando que a espessura final é preditiva para resistência à tração. O poliéster nº 1 foi o único a gerar regressão linear para carga suportada, garantindo o incremento de 25,34 Newtons (N) a cada fio acrescido ao implante, o que sugere seu uso para criação de cordas não absorvíveis. A utilização da poliglactina 910 nº 1 promove médias de carga superiores ao poliéster nº 1, portanto, é indicada para confecção de cordas cirúrgicas absorvíveis.
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- 2019
121. Plan de negocio para la creación de una empresa productora de fibra de poliéster a partir de botellas de plásticos trituradas
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Velandia Sierra, Ilan De Felipe and Murcia Murcia, Jairo Darío
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Reciclaje ,Fibras en poliesteres ,textile ,Plan de negocio ,Polyester ,recycling ,Textil ,company ,Microempresas ,Conversión de residuos de plástico ,Botellas de plástico ,plastic bottles ,PET ,business plan ,Fibra ,Poliéster ,Empresa - Abstract
El siguiente documento muestra el plan de negocio para una empresa recicladora de botellas de plástico para la fabricación de fibra de poliéster ubicada en la ciudad de Bogotá. Se comienza por plantear el problema y se propone la solución al mismo como una oportunidad de emprendimiento empresarial. El proyecto estudia las condiciones del sector y la viabilidad de realizar la empresa mediante el análisis de datos estadísticos nacionales y la aplicación de una encuesta a los clientes potenciales. El producto que va a ser producido será la fibra de poliéster. El análisis financiero y económico del proyecto muestra cómo implementar este plan de negocio, exponiendo una rentabilidad real del 19%, la necesidad de capital del proyecto es de $400.000.000 con un aporte de los socios del 38,63%% de esta cifra. La recuperación de la inversión empieza desde el segundo año. Proyecto rentable y con buena proyección económica. The following document shows the business plan for a plastic bottle recycling company for the manufacture of polyester fiber located in the city of Bogotá. It begins by raising the problem and proposing the solution to it as an opportunity for business entrepreneurship. The project studied the conditions of the sector and the viability of conducting the company by analyzing national statistical data and applying a survey to potential customers. The product to be produced will be polyester fiber. The financial and economic analysis of the project shows how to implement this business plan, exposing a real return of 19%, the capital requirement of the project is $ 400,000,000 with a contribution from the partners of 38.63 %% of this figure. The recovery of the investment starts from the second year. Profitable project with good economic projection. Ingeniero Mecánico http://unidadinvestigacion.usta.edu.co Pregrado
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- 2019
122. Compósito de poliéster e fibra de vidro na confecção de hastes intramedulares bloqueadas para osteossíntese de fraturas femorais em bovinos
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Sérgio da Silva Rocha Junior, Rafael Resende Faleiros, Luiz Alberto do Lago, Estevam Barbosa de Las Casas, Andressa Batista da Silveira Xavier, Eliane Goncalves de Melo, Leonardo Rodrigues de Lima, Odael Spadeto Júnior, and Eliane Gonçalves de Melo
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Ortopedia veterinaria ,fibra de vidro ,Fibras de vidro ,Fêmur Fraturas ,Ortopedia veterinária ,Poliésteres ,ortopedia ,Bezerro Cirurgia ,bezerro ,Fraturas em animais ,poliéster - Abstract
O objetivo foi testar um compósito de resina de poliéster e fibra de vidro na forma de haste intramedular para ostessíntese de fraturas femorais em bezerros. A metodologia foi estabelecida com base em estudo prévio usando modelo de elementos finitos de fêmur de bovino para simular fratura estabilizada pela haste proposta. Em um primeiro experimento, a biocompatibilidade do compósito foi avaliada após inserção de um fragmento no tecido subcutâneo de sete ratos Wistar. No segundo experimento, avaliou-se o compósito em forma de haste intramedular em bovinos. Anestesia geral foi induzida em seis bezerros, a fratura foi induzida por incisão oblíqua no terço médio da diáfise, sendo o fêmur imediatamente estabilizado pela inserção retrógrada da haste. O bloqueio ocorreu pela aplicação transversal de quatro parafusos de aço inox, dois aplicados proximais e dois distais à fratura. No primeiro experimento, o compósito considerado aceitável, produzindo irritação discreta. No segundo, cinco dos seis bezerros obtiveram consolidação completa da fratura após 60 dias. Não se observaram sinais de incompatibilidade ou toxidade do compósito. Contudo, algumas limitações foram observadas durante a cirurgia, como dificuldade de perfuração da haste e de se realizar a apara da sobra que excedia o canal medular. Pequenos fragmentos produzidos por essas manobras foram considerados irritantes e associados à ocorrência de seromas no pós-operatório. Também verificou-se que pequenas falhas na haste tinham tendência de se propagar em forma de fraturas longitudinais. Em conclusão, a haste intramedular de resina de poliéster e fibra de vidro (material de baixo custo e fácil aquisição) foi considerada biocompatível e capaz de permitir a consolidação óssea de fraturas femorais em bovinos jovens. Entretanto, o desenvolvimento de soluções para as limitações relatadas se faz necessário antes que seu uso clínico seja recomendado. The objective was to test a composite of polyester resin and fiberglass in the form of an intramedullary nail for osteosynthesis of femoral fractures in calves. The methodology was established based on a previous study, which used finite elements model to simulate a femoral fracture stabilized by the proposed nail. In a first experiment, the composite biocompatibility was assessed after insertion of a composite fragment into the subcutaneous tissue of seven Wistar rats. In the second experiment, the composite was evaluated in cattle as an intramedullary nail. General anesthesia was induced in six calves, the fracture was induced by oblique incision in the middle third of the diaphysis, and the femur was immediately stabilized by the retrograde insertion of the nail. The blocking occurred by the transversal application of four stainless steel screws, two applied proximal and two distal to the fracture line. In the first experiment, the composite considered acceptable as mild irritant. In the second, five of the six calves obtained complete consolidation of the fracture after 60 days. No signs of incompatibility or toxicity of the composite were observed. However, some limitations were reported during surgery, such as difficulty in drilling the nail and the removal of the leftover material that exceeded the medullar canal. Small fragments produced by these maneuvers were considered irritant for tissues and were associated with the occurrence of seromas in the post-operative period. It was also found that small fractures in the nail tended to propagate in the form of longitudinal ones. In conclusion, the intramedullary nail of polyester resin and fiberglass (a low cost and easy to acquire material) was considered biocompatible and able to permit femoral fractures consolidation in young cattle. However, further development of solutions to the reported limitations are needed before its clinical recommendation.
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- 2019
123. Farklı iplik özelliklerine sahip poliester kumaşların hava ve oksijen süspansiyonlu su ile boyama metodunun incelenmesi
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Göknil, Nil, Aniş, Pervin, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Tekstil Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı., Şardağ, Sibel, and Tekstil Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı
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Nanobubble ,Oxygen water ,Tekstil ve Tekstil Mühendisliği ,Textile and Textile Engineering ,Disperse dyeing ,Poliester ,Yarn ,Polyester ,Dispers boyama ,İplik ,Oksijenli su - Abstract
Tekstil sektöründe en fazla su tüketimi terbiye işlemlerinde olmaktadır. Boyama işlemlerinde kullanılan temiz su miktarı çok fazladır. Aynı zamanda boyama sonrası açığa çıkan atık sular da çevresel anlamda atık yükü fazla olan sulardır. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar, daha az su kullanımı ve kullanılan suyun daha efektif kullanılmasıyla geri kazanılmasına yöneliktir. Bu doğrultuda çevreci boyutta çalışmalar gündeme gelmektedir. Sıvı içerisindeki mikron veya daha küçük çapa sahip olan gaz kabarcıkları, su içerisinde yavaş bir şekilde su yüzeyine doğru hareket ederek su moleküllerinin hareketliliğini arttırmaktadır. Mikro ve nano baloncuk diye adlandırılan bu kabarcıklar hava ve oksijen süspansiyonu yöntemi ile su içinde üretilmektedir. Bu sayede endüstriyel pek çok uygulamada çok kaliteli sonuçların elde edilmesi sağlanmıştır. Bu tez çalışmasında hava ve oksijen süspansiyonu yöntemi ile üretilmiş baloncuklu sular kullanılarak farklı molekül boyutlarındaki boyarmaddeler ile %1 ve %4' lük dispers boyamalar yapılmıştır. Boyanacak kumaşlar 3 farklı tur/m bükümde ve 3 farklı iplik inceliği ile örülerek üretilmiş, renk ve haslık değerleri incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar konvansiyonel metot ile boyanan numuneler ile kıyaslanarak yorumlanmıştır. The highest water consumption in textile sector is in finishing processes. The usage amount of clean water in dyeing processes are very high. In addition to this the wastewater released after dyeing processes is also have high environmental waste load.Recent studies have focused on less water usage and recovery of the water used more effectively. In this direction, environmental studies become a current issue.Gas bubbles in the liquid having a diameter of microns or less increase the mobility of water molecules by moving slowly towards the water surface in the water. These bubbles, called micro and nano bubbles, are produced in water by air and oxygen suspension method. In this way, high quality results have been achieved in many industrial applications.In this thesis, 1% and 4% disperse dyes were made with dyes of different molecular sizes using bubble waters produced by air and oxygen suspension method. The fabrics to be dyed were produced by knitting with 3 different turns / m twist and 3 different yarn fineness and the color and fastness values were examined. Results were interpreted by comparing the sample dyed by conventional methods. 72
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- 2019
124. CIRCULAR DESIGN: Microplastic collecting system and creation of a sustainable loop for the clothes in the service sector
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Institut Universitari de Recerca en Ciència i Tecnologies de la Sostenibilitat, Saiboo, University of Limerick, Universitetet i Linköping, Segalàs Coral, Jordi, Wever, Renée, Özkan, Nazli, Arasa Sánchez, Laura, Berglund, Moa, Eriksson, Robin, Juárez Almendros, Gerard, Long, Killian, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Institut Universitari de Recerca en Ciència i Tecnologies de la Sostenibilitat, Saiboo, University of Limerick, Universitetet i Linköping, Segalàs Coral, Jordi, Wever, Renée, Özkan, Nazli, Arasa Sánchez, Laura, Berglund, Moa, Eriksson, Robin, Juárez Almendros, Gerard, and Long, Killian
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Treball desenvolupat dins el marc del programa 'Circular Design: Learning for Innovative Design for Sustainability (L4IDS)'., [ANGLÈS] Nowadays, the textile companies in the services sector are in the process of research on how to implement sustainable measures within the sector. As part of the European project, Circular Design: Learning for Innovative Design for Sustainability, together with a Swedish textile company, Saiboo, whose objective was to find new sustainable measures within the sector, due to the high complexity of the recycling of fibers. During the three-month search period in Sweden, the entire textile production process, from the first phase of material production, the usability phase, and the users, were investigated, such as the final phase and the current recycling possibilities. During this period of research, a set of challenges have been detected, in the phase of use and end of life of the products. Polyester is currently one of the most widely used materials in the world, specifically in the healthcare sector. Due to the high percentage of synthetic textiles, and the process of continuous washing at high temperatures, we found a problem of microplastics draining to the oceans freely. However, we have found a lack of awareness about this problem in the population, As a solution, we have developed a filter, where you can catch plastic microfibres, such as the implementation of a collection system, with which the creation of a logo and a website of easy access would give users information about the problem. We also wanted to solve one of the main challenges, as it was the end of life of synthetic textile products, creating an intersectoral rental service where the employer from quality controls could lengthen the life of the product, sending them to other sectors., [CATALÀ] Actualment les empreses tèxtils en el sector serveis, estan en plena recerca sobre com implementar mesures sostenibles dins del sector. Com a part del projecte Europeu, Circular Design, Learning for Innovative Design for Sustainability, de mà amb l'empresa de tèxtils sueca Saiboo, l'objectiu era trobar mesures sostenibles dins del sector, a causa de l'alta complexitat del reciclatge de les fibres. Durant el període de recerca realitzat durant tres mesos a Suècia es va investigar sobre tot el procés tèxtil, des de la primera fase de producció del material, la fase d'ús i els usuaris, com la fase final i les possibilitats de reciclatge actuals. Durant aquest període de recerca, s'han detectat un conjunt de reptes, dins de la fase d'ús i final dels productes. Actualment el Polièster és un dels materials més utilitzats mundialment, concretament al sector hospitalari, a causa dels alts percentatges de tèxtils sintètics, i el procés de rentatge continuo a altes temperatures, trobem un problema de microplàstics drenant als mars lliurement. Tanmateix, hem trobat una carència de conscienciació sobre aquest problema a la població, Com a solució hem desenvolupat un filtre, on es poden atrapar les microfibres plàstiques, com la implementació d'un sistema de recol•lecció, amb el qual la creació d'un logo i una pàgina web de fàcil accés donaria als usuaris informació sobre el problema. També s'ha volgut donar solució a un dels reptes principals, com va ser el final de vida dels productes tèxtils sintètics, creant un servei intersectorial de rènting on l'empresari a partir de controls de qualitat podria allongar la vida del producte, enviant-lo a un altre sector., Outgoing
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- 2019
125. Estudi i desenvolupament d’una plataforma informàtica per l’ anàlisi dels assaigs d'envoltants elèctriques pel departament de qualitat.
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Elèctrica, Schneider Electric, García Espinosa, Antonio, Ortega López, Xavier, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Elèctrica, Schneider Electric, García Espinosa, Antonio, and Ortega López, Xavier
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- 2019
126. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of polyester dyeing with Disperse Blue 56 using bio-based auxiliaries and co-solvent microemulsion
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. TECTEX - Grup de Recerca en Tecnologia Tèxtil, Radei, Shahram, Carrión Fité, Francisco Javier, Ardanuy Raso, Mònica, Canal Arias, José María, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. TECTEX - Grup de Recerca en Tecnologia Tèxtil, Radei, Shahram, Carrión Fité, Francisco Javier, Ardanuy Raso, Mònica, and Canal Arias, José María
- Abstract
The aim of the study was to dye polyester fabric with a low molecular weight anthraquinone type disperse dye (C.I. Disperse Blue 56), with n-butylacetate as co-solvent in the microemulsion system and the presence of two bio-based auxiliaries (ortho-vanillin and coumarin), at temperatures lower than 100¿. In order to investigate the influence of temperature and auxiliaries on the kinetic dyeing process, the energy of the activation was determined by the kinetic rates constants. The activated entropy values were obtained by the theory of absolute rates of dyeing and diffusion of the activated state of the dye for the disorder state of the dyeing system. Higher activated energies were found, as well as higher activated entropy, meaning higher dye absorption, for polyester samples dyed with ortho-vanillin/n-butylacetate compared with polyester samples dyed with coumarin/n-butylacetate. Color strength values of the polyester fabric dyed using the proposed microemulsion dyeing system at low temperature (95¿) were similar to polyester fabric dyed with a conventional dyeing system at high temperature (135¿). Regarding color fastness to washing and ironing, it was found that the use of the auxiliaries did not significantly modify the fastness values of the dyed samples, Postprint (author's final draft)
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- 2019
127. Avaliação de um sistema fotocatalítico na descoloração de corantes têxteis utilizando telas de poliéster revestidas com TiO2 e ZnO
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Frederichi, Diógenes, Scaliante, Mara Heloisa Neves Olsen, Santos, Onélia Aparecida Andreo dos, and Ribeiro, Valquíria Aparecida dos Santos
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660.2995 ,Efluente têxtil ,Engenharias ,Poliéster ,Fotocatálise ,Engenharia Química ,Tratamento fotocatalítico - Abstract
Orientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Mara Heloisa Neves Olsen Scaliante Dissertação (mestrado em Engenharia Química) - Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 2019 109 f. : il. (algumas col.).
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- 2019
128. Estudi i desenvolupament d’una plataforma informàtica per l’ anàlisi dels assaigs d'envoltants elèctriques pel departament de qualitat
- Author
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Ortega López, Xavier, García Espinosa, Antonio, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Elèctrica, Schneider electric division de calidad de Universal enclosures, and Schneider Electric
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Bases de dades ,Databases ,Enginyeria elèctrica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Polyesters ,Poliester ,Electric insulators and insulation ,Laboratoris d'assaigs ,Informàtica::Sistemes d'informació::Bases de dades [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Enginyeria dels materials::Materials plàstics i polímers [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Testing laboratories ,Aïlladors elèctrics - Published
- 2019
129. Comparative study of PES/CO knitted fabrics dyeing with water treated with vegetable oil clarification residue, in natural and calcined form
- Author
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Ivonete Oliveira Barcellos and Taciane Samira Dalle Cort
- Subjects
Dye ,Algodão ,Polyester ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Cotton ,Corante ,010501 environmental sciences ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Fibras ,Fibers ,Adsorção ,General Materials Science ,Adsorption ,0210 nano-technology ,Poliéster ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
RESUMO A indústria têxtil utiliza um grande volume de água, o que torna necessário encontrar opções mais sustentáveis para o seu uso, como a reutilização em novos tingimentos. O uso de um resíduo industrial sólido, como adsorvente, poderá ser uma alternativa para tratar o efluente têxtil. Este estudo teve como objetivo testar a viabilidade do reuso de solução de corante disperso, tratada com resíduo da clarificação de óleo vegetal como adsorvente alternativo, no tingimento de malha poliéster/algodão (PES/CO 50/50). Utilizou-se dois tipos de pré-tratamento no adsorvente, natural (RC) seco a 70°C por 24h e calcinado (RCc) a 600°C por 2h 30min. Realizou-se o tingimento na cor clara com a solução tratada nas concentrações 100%, 75% e 50% (v/v), o padrão foi tinto com água da indústria têxtil. Para análise da eficiência do tratamento utilizou-se espectrofotometria UV-Vis, e a avaliação dos tecidos tintos pelos parâmetros tintoriais: esgotamento (%) por espectrofotometria UV-Vis; K/S, força relativa (FR%) e DE por espectrofotometria de remissão, como também ensaios de solidez a fricção e a lavagem. A eficiência do tratamento foi de 91,26% para o resíduo RC, e 95,38% para o RCc. Os valores de esgotamento variaram entre 80% e 92% para PES e 70% e 85% para CO. O DE variou entre 0,22 e 1,2, sendo que a maioria dos valores estão dentro da faixa aceita pela indústria (DE ≤1,0). Não houve grande variação para os valores de K/S e a FR (%), tendo a maior variação de 0,09 unidades para o K/S e 7,2% para a FR (%). Os testes de solidez apresentaram notas entre 4/5 e 5 nas escalas de cinza, indicando que não há a migração do corante. A proposta do tratamento e reutilização da solução em novos tingimentos mostrou-se uma alternativa viável, quando comparado ao tingimento padrão. ABSTRACT The textile industry uses a large volume of water, which makes it necessary to find more sustainable options for its use, such as reuse in new dyeing. The use of a solid industrial waste as an adsorbent may be an alternative to treat the textile effluent. The objective of this study was to test the viability of the reuse of dispersed dye solution, treated with residue of the clarification of vegetable oil as an alternative adsorbent, in polyester/cotton (PES/CO 50/50) knitted fabrics dyeing. Two types of pre-treatment were used in the adsorbent, natural (RC) dried at 70°C for 24h and calcined (RCc) at 600°C for 2h30min. Dyeing was performed with the solution treated at 100%, 75% and 50% (v/v) concentrations and in light colors, the pattern was dyed with water from the textile industry. UV-Vis spectrophotometry was used to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment and the evaluation of the red tissues by dyeing parameters: exhaustion (%) by UV-Vis spectrophotometry; K/S, relative strength (SR%) and DE by remission spectrophotometry, as well as color fastness to washing and friction . The treatment efficiency was 91,26% for RC residue, and 95,38% for RCc. Values ranged from 80% to 92% for PES and 70% to 85% for CO. The DE ranged from 0,22 to 1,2, with most values falling into the range accepted by industry (DE≤1,0). There was no great variation for K/S and SR (%) values, with the greatest variation of 0,09 units for K/S and 7,2% for SR (%). The color fastness showed grades between 4/5 and 5 on the gray scales, indicating that there is no migration of the dye. The proposal of treatment and reuse of the solution in new dyeing showed as a viable alternative when compared
- Published
- 2019
130. Farklı ağırlıklarda üretilen poliester çözgülü örme kumaşların uzama ve hava geçirgenlik özelliklerine yıkamanın etkisi
- Author
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Günaydın, Gizem Karakan, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü., and Çeven, Erhan Kenan
- Subjects
Wet laundering ,Air permeability ,Çözgülü örme ,Poliester ,Warp knitting ,Uzama özellikleri ,Polyester ,Yıkama ,Stretching properties ,Hava geçirgenliği - Abstract
Warp knitting technology combines the two properties of dimensional stability and elasticity which are provided from woven and knitted fabrics separately. These fabrics consist of several threads (warp) which are formed as loops via needles and run through the fabric mainly in a vertical direction. These fabrics may be produced on a flat or a circular warp knitting machines. This study aims to investigate the influence of washing cycles (1, 5 and 20) on stretching (%) and air permeability properties of the polyester warp knitted fabrics of different weight. In order to analyze the effect of washing process on stretching ratios (%) and air permeability of the samples; Fyrma fabric extensometer and SDL Atlas M021A model Air Permeability Tester devices were used respectively. Additionally, the changes in fabric weight according to washing cycles of 1, 5 and 20 were also evaluated. According to test results; the stretching properties and air permeability values of the polyester warp knitted fabrics produced in different weights varied according to the laundering cycle which emphasized that caring processes should also be considered during the evaluation of mechanical properties (such as stretching, air permeability properties) of polyester warp knitted fabrics. Dokuma ve örme kumaşlardan ayrı ayrı sağlanan boyutsal stabilite ve elastikiyet özellikleri çözgülü örme teknolojisinde bir araya getirilmektedir. Bu kumaşlar dikey doğrultuda kumaş boyunca uzanan, iğneler vasıtasıyla ilmekler oluşturabilen çözgü ipliklerinden oluşmaktadır. Çözgülü örme kumaşlar düz ya da dairesel çözgülü örme makinelerinde üretilebilmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında yıkama işleminin (1, 5 ve 20 tekrar sayısında) farklı ağırlıklarda üretilen poliester çözgülü örme kumaşların uzama ve hava geçirgenlik özelliklerine etkisini incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bunun için sırasıyla, Fyrma kumaş ekstensiyometresi ve SDL Atlas M021A model hava geçirgenliği ölçüm cihazları kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca 1, 5 ve 20 yıkama sayısı ile kumaş ağırlıklarındaki değişim değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan testlere göre farklı ağırlıklarda üretilen poliester çözgülü örme kumaşlar, uzama ve hava geçirgenliği özellikleri bakımından yıkama tekrar sayısına göre değişiklik göstermiştir. Bu sonuç ise poliester çözgülü örme kumaşların mekanik özellikleri değerlendirilirken bakım işlemlerinin de göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır.
- Published
- 2018
131. Isolation and purification of terephthalic acid from polyester textile materials
- Author
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Pušnik, Marko and Volmajer Valh, Julija
- Subjects
purification ,odpadni tekstilni materiali ,terephthalic acid ,textile materials ,tereftalna kislina ,alkalna hidroliza ,čiščenje ,tekstilni materiali ,udc:66.094.941:677.494.674(043.2) ,recikliranje ,poliester ,neutral hydrolysis ,polyester ,waste ,alkaline hydrolysis ,nevtralna hidroliza - Abstract
Polietilen tereftalat v tekstilni industriji poznamo tudi pod imenom poliester. Količina odpadnega poliestrnega tekstilnega materiala narašča, zato je potrebno poiskati primerne načine za njegovo recikliranje in ponovno uporabo. Kot uspešni postopki kemijske razgradnje so se izkazal različni postopki hidrolize. Diplomsko delo je namenjeno analizi razgradnih produktov poliestrnih tekstilnih materialov po alkalni in nevtralni hidrolizi ter čiščenju nastalega trdega produkta. Čiščenje smo izvedli s postopki kristalizacije, sublimacije, vroče filtracije in kislinsko bazne ekstrakcije. Rezultati so bili ovrednoteni s pomočjo IR spektroskopije in potenciometričnih titracij v nevodnem mediju. Ugotovili smo, da se nobeden od postopkov čiščenja ni izkazal za zelo uspešnega, v neki meri sta učinkovita le postopka kristalizacije in sublimacije. Polyethylene terephthalate in the textile industry is also known as polyester. The amount of waste polyester textile material is increasing, so it is necessary to find suitable ways for its recycling and reuse. Various hydrolysis procedures have been proven as successful methods of chemical degradation. The diploma work presented analysis of degradation products of polyester textile materials after alkaline and neutral hydrolysis and purification of the resulting solid product. The purification was carried out by crystallization, sublimation, hot filtration and acid base extraction processes. The results were evaluated by IR spectroscopy and potentiometric titrations in a non-aqueous medium. We found that none of the purification processes proved to be very successful, to some extent only the crystallization and sublimation processes are effective.
- Published
- 2018
132. Effect of type and load direction of glass fibers reinforced polyester samples on tensile test results
- Author
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Kužnar, Maks and Haramina, Tatjana
- Subjects
roving ,TEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Strojarstvo ,poliester ,staklena ,TECHNICAL SCIENCES. Mechanical Engineering ,rastezno ,vlakna ,poliester, staklena vlakna, roving, rastezno - Abstract
Ispitana je ovisnost rasteznih svojstava nezasićenog poliestera ojačanog roving staklenim vlaknima o tipu ispitnih tijela i smjeru opterećenja. Svojstva ovih polimernih kompozita određena su u skladu s normom HRN EN ISO 527-4:2008. Uspoređena su dva tipa ispitnih uzoraka, tip 1 i tip 3, rezana u dva međusobno okomita smjera. Ova dva tipa imaju velike razlike u dimenzijama te je promatran utjecaj orijentacije i tipa ispitnih uzoraka na rezultate ispitivanja rastezne čvrstoće i na modul elastičnosti. Na temelju provedenog eksperimenta i statističke analize zaključeno je da orijentacija nema značajan utjecaj na svojstva, dok je velik utjecaj prihvata i dimenzija. Na temelju analize prihvaćeno je da tip 1 daje točniji rezultat, ali uz veće rasipanje. Stoga je potrebno raditi ispitivanja na većem broju ispitnih tijela. The dependence of stretch properties of unsaturated polyester roving fiber reinforced composites on the type of test body and the load direction was studied. The properties of these polymeric composites were determined according to HRN EN ISO 527-4: 2008. Two types of test specimens, type 1 and type 3, were cut into two mutually perpendicular directions. These two types have large differences in dimensions and the influence of orientation and type of test specimens on the results of stretching test results and the modulus of elasticity was observed. Based on the experiment carried out and the statistical analysis it was concluded that the orientation does not have a significant effect on the properties, while the influence of acceptance and dimension is great. Based on the analysis, it was accepted that type 1 gave a more accurate result, but with greater dispersion. Therefore, testing on a large number of test bodies is required.
- Published
- 2018
133. Pericarpo de cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) como aditivo retardante da cura de poliéster
- Author
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Mendonça, Rannier Marques, Barbosa, Ana Paula Cysne, Balaban, Rosangela de Carvalho, Carvalho, Laura Hecker de, Nunez, Cecilia Verônica, and Melo, José Daniel Diniz
- Subjects
Cafeína ,Cupuaçu ,Poliéster ,Cinética de cura ,ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA DE MATERIAIS E METALURGICA [CNPQ] - Abstract
A crescente conscientização da sociedade para com as questões ambientais e a consequente legislação internacional cada vez mais rígida nesta área têm despertado o interesse de pesquisadores para o desenvolvimento de materiais que contenham em sua composição componentes derivados de fontes renováveis. Dentre os recursos vegetais com potencial de aplicação na área industrial está o cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) - uma fruta nativa da região amazônica, que possui polpa e sementes utilizadas na obtenção de produtos alimentícios. Neste processo, a casca (pericarpo) do fruto é normalmente descartada em aterros. Esse material possui em sua composição substâncias orgânicas que podem afetar a cinética de conversão de resinas poliméricas, com potencial para ser utilizado com acelerador ou retardante de cura. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar o efeito das substâncias químicas presentes na casca do cupuaçu para a cinética de cura de resinas poliéster. Foram realizadas análises de granulometria à laser, Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), termogravimetria, fitoquímica, Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC), Ensaio mecânico em tração, Ensaio DinâmicoMecânico em flexão e cinética de reação. O material vegetal foi adicionado ao polímero em proporções de 0,5%, 1% e 2% em massa. De acordo com os resultados obtidos dos estudos cinéticos pelo método com varredura de temperatura, a temperatura de início do processo de cura apresentou tendência de elevação com o aumento do percentual de material vegetal introduzido, indicando retardo do início do processo de reação quando comparado com a resina poliéster pura. A introdução do material vegetal também afetou o grau de conversão ao longo do processo de cura da resina poliéster insaturada. As energias de ativação das reações em função do grau de conversão indicaram elevação com o aumento do percentual de material vegetal. Pelo método isotérmico observou-se que as fases das partições dos extratos brutos do pericarpo do fruto também afetaram o processo de cura da resina polimérica, sugerindo que existe mais de uma substância reagente presente no material vegetal. A introdução do material vegetal na resina poliéster não afetou significativamente as propriedades térmicas - temperatura de transição vítrea e temperatura de degradação – da resina poliéster curada. O módulo de elasticidade do polímero curado também não foi afetado, enquanto que a resistência mecânica foi reduzida em 20% a 25%. O fracionamento cromatográfico de fases do material vegetal permitiu o isolamento da cafeína da fase acetato de etila, a qual foi identificada por espectrometria de massas e comparação por HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography) com a substância padrão. A sua característica estrutural explica a sua interferência no processo de cura do pericarpo, retardando o processo. Em resumo, os resultados desta pesquisa demonstraram o potencial do pericarpo do cupuaçu para ser utilizado como retardante de cura da resina poliéster insaturada sem efeito significativo nas suas propriedades mecânicas e térmicas. The growing awareness of environmental issues and the consequent increasingly rigid international legislation in this area have attracted the interest of researchers to the development of materials containing components derived from renewable sources. Among vegetable resources with potential application in the industrial area, cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), a fruit native to the Amazon region, offers pulp and seeds used in the production of food products. In this process, the shell is usually discarded in landfills. This material has in its composition organic compounds that can affect the curing kinetics of polymer resins, with potential to be used as a cure accelerator or retardant. The objective of this research was to study the effect of the chemical compounds present in the cupuaçu fruit shell on the curing kinetics of polyester resins. Laser granulometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), tensile tests, Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis (DMA), reaction kinetics and phytochemistry analyses were performed. Polymers were produced with the addition of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 wt.% of vegetable material. According to the results obtained from the kinetic studies by the temperature sweep method, the temperature of the beginning of the cure reaction was shifted to higher values as the percentage of vegetal material was increased, indicating a delay of the reaction process. The vegetable-based additive also affected the degree of conversion throughout the curing process of the unsaturated polyester resin. The activation energies of the reactions were increased with the increase in content of the vegetable material. Using the isothermal method, it was observed that the partition phases of the raw extracts of the shell also affected the curing process of the polymer resin, suggesting more than one reagent substance in the vegetable material. The addition of the vegetable material did not affect significantly the thermal properties - glass transition temperature and degradation temperature - of the cured polyester resin. Likewise, the modulus of elasticity of the cured polymer was not affected, while tensile strength was reduced by 20% to 25%. Chromatographic fractionation of phases of the vegetable material allowed the isolation of caffeine from the ethyl acetate phase, which was identified by mass spectrometry and comparison by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the standard substance. Its structural characteristic explains its interference in the healing process of the pericarp, delaying the process. In summary, the results of this research demonstrate that cupuaçu pericarp can be used as a curing retardant of the unsaturated polyester resin without any significant effect in its mechanical and thermal properties.
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- 2018
134. Influence of coconut fiber physical treatment on the mechanical properties of the unsaturated polyester matrix biocomposite
- Author
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Oliveira, Daniel Magalhães de, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Voorwald, Herman Jacobus Cornelis [UNESP], and Benini, Kelly Cristina Coelho de Carvalho [UNESP]
- Subjects
Plasma ,Fibra de coco ,RTM ,Polyester ,Mechanical properties ,Biocompósito ,Poliéster ,Propriedades mecânicas ,Materiais compostos ,Biocomposite ,Jato de plasma ,Coconut fiber - Abstract
Submitted by Daniel Magalhães de Oliveira (daniel.steiger@live.com) on 2018-09-18T00:49:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Daniel Magalhaes de Oliveira OK.pdf: 10110047 bytes, checksum: 86cc594889112132d78452c96ef59879 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Pamella Benevides Gonçalves null (pamella@feg.unesp.br) on 2018-09-18T13:49:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_dm_dm_guara.pdf: 10110047 bytes, checksum: 86cc594889112132d78452c96ef59879 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-18T13:49:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_dm_dm_guara.pdf: 10110047 bytes, checksum: 86cc594889112132d78452c96ef59879 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-30 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Maior conscientização em relação as questões ambientais, atrelada a escassez de recursos, problemas ambientais globais e a políticas ambientais cada vez mais fortes influenciaram indústrias e pesquisadores a apreciar, estudar e desenvolver novos materiais a partir de fontes renováveis e novas tecnologias de fabricação. Entretanto, na literatura é reportado que a adesão interfacial entre fibras naturais e matriz polimérica é um fator que afeta as propriedades mecânicas do biocompósito, podendo ser melhorada por diversos tipos de tratamentos superficiais. Assim sendo, mantas de fibra de coco foram tratadas superficialmente por jato de plasma atmosférico, considerado menos agressivo ao meio ambiente quando comparado a tratamentos químicos, com o intuito de melhorar a adesão interfacial do biocompósitos. As fibras de coco foram caracterizadas com o objetivo de verificar a influência do tratamento nas propriedades físicas, químicas e térmicas. Verificou-se que o tratamento modificou a superfície das fibras e, consequentemente, sua hidrofilicidade e energia superficial, diminuindo o valor da permeabilidade. Parâmetros de processamento e o ciclo de cura mais adequado foram determinados como 80 ºC por 210 min, 135 ºC por 180 min e 160 ºC por 120 min, sem a aplicação de vácuo durante o processo e com fração volumétrica de fibras de aproximadamente 40 %. Inspeção acústica por ultrassom permitiu avaliar o processamento das placas dos biocompósitos verificando possíveis imperfeições causadas pela impregnação da fibra pela resina e sua homogeneidade. As análises termogravimétricas indicaram que a temperatura inicial de degradação dos biocompósitos é de 175 ºC. A temperatura de transição vítrea, determinada por DMA, é de aproximadamente 80 ºC. Os ensaios mecânicos apresentaram maiores valores de resistência à tração e de resistência à flexão para os biocompósitos reforçados com fibras tratadas quando comparados aos biocompósitos reforçados com fibras in natura. Maiores valores do módulo em tração e módulo em flexão, bem como os módulos de perda e armazenamento calculados por DMA para os biocompósitos reforçados com fibras tratadas sustentaram melhores propriedades mecânicas como resultado do tratamento a plasma. A morfologia da fratura dos biocompósitos indicou uma melhor adesão reforço-matriz para os biocompósitos com fibras tratadas. Greater awareness regarding environmental issues, coupled with scarcity of resources, global environmental problems, and increasingly strong environmental policies have influenced industries and researchers to appreciate, study and develop new materials from renewable resources and new manufacturing technologies. However, literature reports that interfacial adhesion between natural fibers and polymeric matrix is a factor that affects the biocomposite mechanical properties, able to be improved by several types of surface treatments. Thus, coconut fiber mats were surface treated by atmospheric plasma jet, considered less aggressive to the environment when compared to chemical treatments, in order to improve interfacial adhesion with the polymer matrix to obtain biocomposites. Data from coconut fiber characterization shown that the treatment modified the fibers surface and consequently their hydrophilicity and surface energy, decreasing their permeability value. Processing parameters and most appropriate curing cycle were determined and defined as 80 °C for 210 min, 135 °C for 180 min and 160 °C for 120 min, without application of vacuum during the process and approximately 40 % fiber volume fraction. Ultrasonic acoustic inspection allowed evaluating the biocomposite plates processing by verifying possible imperfections caused by impregnation of the coconut fiber by the resin and its homogeneity. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the initial biocomposite degradation temperature is 175 °C. Glass transition temperature, determined by DMA, is approximately 80 °C. Mechanical tests presented higher values of tensile strength and flexural strength for the biocomposites reinforced with treated fibers when compared to the biocomposites reinforced with untreated fibers. Higher values of tensile and flexural modulus, as well as DMA loss and storage modulus for biocomposites reinforced with treated fibers sustained better mechanical properties because of the plasma treatment. Fracture morphology indicated better reinforcement-matrix adhesion for biocomposite reinforced with treated fibers 136348/2016-5
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- 2018
135. Determination of functional end groups of hydrolysis products of waste polyester textile materials
- Author
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Bizjak, Patricija and Volmajer Valh, Julija
- Subjects
udc:502.17:677.08(043.2) ,odpadni tekstil ,poliester ,titracije ,neutral hydrolysis ,titrations ,polyester ,waste textile ,alkalna hidroliza ,alkaline hydrolysis ,nevtralna hidroliza - Abstract
Sodobna potrošniška družba ima kot posledico proizvodnjo velike količine najrazličnejših materialnih dobrin in hkrati velike količine odpadkov. Mednje sodijo tudi odpadni poliestrni tekstilni materiali. Slednji so biološko težko razgradljivi, zato je ustrezno ravnanje z njimi še toliko bolj pomembno. Kot učinkoviti kemijski postopki razgradnje so se izkazale različne oblike hidrolize. Diplomsko delo smo zato namenili analizi odpadnih poliestrnih tekstilnih materialov z alkalno in nevtralno hidrolizo z uporabo potenciometričnih titracij v nevodnem mediju. Uporabljeni sta bili topili dimetil sulfoksid (DMSO) in benzil alkohol. Na podlagi meritev in izračunov končnih karboksilnih (COOH) skupin smo prišli do ugotovitve, da je učinkovitost razgradnje odvisna od kombinacije več dejavnikov, med katerimi so poleg vrste hidrolize še sestava tekstilnega materiala, njegova predpriprava ter reakcijski čas razgradnje. Consequence of modern consumer society is production of large amounts of material goods and waste. The latter include waste polyester textile materials, which are poorly biodegradable, therefore proper management of them is even more important. Different forms of hydrolysis have been proven as effective chemical degradation processes. Diploma work presented analysis of textile waste polyester degradation products after alkaline and neutral hydrolysis, using potentiometric titrations in a non-aqueous medium. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and benzyl alcohol were used as solvents. Based on the measurements and calculations of the carboxyl end groups analysis, we concluded, that decomposition efficiency depends on a combination of several factors, among which are, in addition to the type of hydrolysis, a composition of textile material, its pre-treatment and the reaction time of degradation.
- Published
- 2018
136. Treatment of textile materials by using carbon, obtained from sugar
- Author
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Barber, Sara and Šauperl, Olivera
- Subjects
udc:677.027.625.17(043.2) ,zeleni čaj ,Sladkor ,antistatic ,green tea ,carbon ,poliester ,bombaž ,polyester ,Sugar ,antistatičnost ,cotton ,ogljik - Abstract
Pri posameznih zaščitnih oblačilih ciljamo na zadostno odvajanje površinskega (elektrostatičnega) naboja za kar so se v preteklosti uporabljala predvsem kovinska vlakna. V sodobnem času pa se vedno bolj uveljavlja ogljik, ki ga uporabljamo kot osnovo za izdelavo ogljikovih vlaken, kakor tudi kot surovino, primerno za nanos na tekstilni material, saj je prevodnost ogljika podobna prevodnosti kovin. Za obdelavo tekstilnih materialov, ki temeljijo na sodobnih pristopih, so torej zanimive obdelave z ogljikom. Z njegovo vgraditvijo lahko dosežemo dobro odvajanje električnega naboja z njihove površine, kakor tudi druge lastnosti, kot npr., hidrofobnost, itd. V tem pogledu sta kot tekstilna substrata še posebej zanimiva bombaž in poliester, saj sta osnovna materiala za izdelavo delovnih zaščitnih oblačil. Odvisno od namembnosti se uporabljata, bodisi kot samostojni surovini v oblačilu, bodi v mešanici v različnih razmerjih. Neželen vzporedni učinek vgraditve ogljika je črna oz. kovinska barva vlaken, zato je uporaba ogljika z namenom doseganja antistatično delujočih materialov omejena v glavnem na zelo specifična oblačila. Pričujoče delo temelji na obdelavi substratov iz bombaža, poliestra in mešanici teh surovin z ogljikovimi delci, pridobljenimi z dehidracijo jedilnega sladkorja v kombinaciji z zelenim čajem in železovim (III) hidratom kot katalizatorjem z namenom doseči dobro odvajanje površinskega naboja s površine tekstilnega materiala. Predpostavili smo, da bo le-to izboljšano, v kolikor bo obdelovalni kopeli dodano vezivno sredstvo, ki bi naj povezalo posamezne ogljikove delce med seboj in na ta način izboljšalo funkcionalnost obdelanih substratov v primerjavi z materiali, obdelanimi izključno z ogljikovimi delci. Z namenom preveriti učinkovitost obdelave, so bile v praktičnem delu uporabljene različne metode s katerimi smo želeli dobiti vpogled v videz delcev, kakor tudi v topografijo materialov pred in po obdelavi, za kar je bila uporabljena SEM analiza. Metoda DLS je bila uporabljena z namenom proučiti velikost in stabilnost delcev, prisotnih v posamezni obdelovalni kopeli, merjenje električne prevodnosti/upornosti pa z namenom proučiti sposobnost tekstilnega materiala v smislu samega odvajanja površinskega naboja s površine obdelanega substrata. Vsaka obdelava tekstilnih materialov z ogljikovimi delci se lahko odraža kot izrazita sprememba barvnega tona, zato je bila le-ta spektrofotometrično ovrednotena, prav tako pa tudi nagnjenost obdelanih materialov k gorenju. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali zelo perspektivne rezultate še posebej v primeru, ko je bilo obdelovalni kopeli dodano vezivno sredstvo. For specific protective clothing there electrostatic protection is of a big concern which was in the past successfully regulated by combining metal fibers with the different fiber-forming polymers. In modern times, carbon is becoming more and more popular and can be used as the base substrate for the production of carbon fibers as well as for its application onto/into textile material, due to the fact that the conductivity of the carbon is similar to the conductivity of the metal fibers. By treatment of textile materials with the carbon the reduction of the surface electric charge is expected together with the increased hydrophobicity of the treated materials, etc. If considering protective clothing, cotton and polyester, or mixture of these fibers, are usually the main materials. The unpleasant side-effect of introducing carbon onto/into textile material is the possible color change so the use of carbon is limited mainly to the specific clothing e.g. in order to achieve antistatic effect. The presented work is basing on treatment of cotton, polyester and mixtures of these textile substrates by using carbon particles obtained by dehydrated edible sugar subsequently combined with the green tea and the iron (III) hydrate as a catalyst in order to achieve satisfactory level of the electrostatic protection. In addition, it has been assumed that this phenomenon could be improved by adding a binding agent into a treatment bath in order to connect individual carbon particles together thus improving electrostatic protection if compared to the substrate where the binding agent was not part of it. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment with the carbon particles various methods were used. To get information about particles and to see the topography of the treated materials the SEM analysis was used. To study the size and stability of the particles presented within individual treatment bath the DLS method was chosen as the interesting test method. In addition, the electrical conductivity/resistance, the color difference and flammability were tested as well. Results showed very promising results, especially in the case when the binding agent was part of the treatment bath.
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- 2018
137. Kinetics of low temperature polyester dyeing with high molecular weight disperse dyes by solvent microemulsion and agrosourced auxiliaries
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José María Canal, F. Javier Carrión-Fité, Mònica Ardanuy, Shahram Radei, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. TECTEX - Grup de Recerca en Tecnologia Tèxtil, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. SPPT - Superfícies, Productes i Processos Tèxtils
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010407 polymers ,Polymers and Plastics ,Polyester dyeing ,Kinetics ,Butyl acetate ,02 engineering and technology ,Coumarin ,Hot pressing ,coumarin ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Reaction rate constant ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,Coumarins ,n-butyl acetate ,Microemulsion ,Enginyeria tèxtil::Fabricació tèxtil::Tintura [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Textile fibers, Synthetic ,o-vanillin ,Poliester ,Tints i tenyit -- Fibres tèxtils sintètiques ,Cinètica química ,General Chemistry ,microemulsion ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,polyester dyeing ,kinetics ,0104 chemical sciences ,Polyester ,Solvent ,Polyester fibers ,O-vanillin ,chemistry ,Dyeing ,0210 nano-technology ,Dyes and dyeing--Textile fibers, Synthetic ,Fibres tèxtils sintètiques -- Tints i tenyit ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
This work focused on the evaluation of the kinetics of dyeing polyester fabrics with high molecular weight disperse dyes, at low temperature by solvent microemulsion. This study also compared the effect of two non-toxic agro-sourced auxiliaries (o-vanillin and coumarin) using a non-toxic organic solvent. A dyeing bath consisting of a micro-emulsion system involving a small proportion of n-butyl acetate was used, and the kinetics of dyeing were analysed at four temperatures (83, 90, 95 and 100 °C). Moreover, the dyeing rate constants, correlation coefficient and activation energies were proposed for this system. It was found that o-vanillin yielded higher dye absorption levels than coumarin, leading to exhaustions of 88% and 87% for Disperse Red 167 and Disperse Blue 79, respectively. K/S values of dyed polyester were also found to be higher for dye baths containing o-vanillin with respect to the ones with coumarin. In terms of hot pressing fastness and wash fastness, generally no adverse influence on fastness properties was reported, while o-vanillin showed slightly better results compared to coumarin.
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- 2018
138. Poly(butylene succinate) Ionomers with Enhanced Hydrodegradability
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Mayka Bautista, Sebastián Muñoz-Guerra, Abdelilah Alla, Antxon Martínez de Ilarduya, Christine Wandrey, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. POL - Polímers Industrials Avançats i Biopolímers Tecnològics
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Condensation polymer ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Copolymers ,Polyesters ,Poliester ,PBS copolyesters ,thermal properties ,Ionic bonding ,General Chemistry ,ionomers ,Copolímers ,Polybutylene succinate ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,Crystallinity ,Hydrolysis ,Enginyeria química [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,Polymer chemistry ,Copolymer ,hydrolytic degradation ,Thermal stability ,sulfonated dimethyl succinate ,Glass transition - Abstract
A series of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) ionomers containing up to 14 mol%of sulfonated succinate units have been synthesized by polycondensation in the melt-phase. The copolyesters were obtained with weight average molecular weights oscillating between 33,000 and 72,000 g·mol-1. All copolyesters were semicrystalline with melting temperatures and enthalpies decreasing and glass transition temperatures increasing with the content of ionic units. The thermal stability of PBS was slightly reduced by the incorporation of these units, and it was also found that the copolyesters were stiffer but also more brittle than PBS. The hydrolytic degradability of PBS was enhanced by copolymerization, an effect that was much more pronounced in basic media.
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- 2015
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- View/download PDF
139. Evaluación del comportamiento al uso y mantenimiento de microcápsulas aplicadas en tejidos de poliéster con diferente gramaje y vellosidad
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Bou Belda, Eva, Bonet Aracil, María Angeles, Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Politécnica Superior de Alcoy - Escola Politècnica Superior d'Alcoi, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ingeniería Textil y Papelera - Departament d'Enginyeria Tèxtil i Paperera, Milán Cuevas, José Manuel, Bou Belda, Eva, Bonet Aracil, María Angeles, Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Politécnica Superior de Alcoy - Escola Politècnica Superior d'Alcoi, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ingeniería Textil y Papelera - Departament d'Enginyeria Tèxtil i Paperera, and Milán Cuevas, José Manuel
- Abstract
[ES] El alumno deberá aplicar microcápsulas cuyo principio activo sea un aroma sobre distintos tejidos de poliéster. Las diferencias entre los tejidos se basaran en el gramaje y la vellosidad de los mismos. Con el fin de asegurar que las variables a controlar son la influencia de las caracterísitcas estructurales de tejido, se utilizarán las mismas formulaciones para la aplicación de las microcápsulas sobre cada uno de los tejidos. Posteriormente, se recurrirá a la aplicación sobre las muestras obtenidas de distintos ensayos normalizados que reproduzcan el frote durante el uso y las condiciones de mantenimiento como son lavado, secado, planchado, etc. Con el fin de determinar la acción que dichos tratamientos ejercen sobre las microcápsulas se procederá a realizar tanto un análisis organoléptico como la observación a través de microscopía electrónica de barrido y aquellos métodos que se estimen oportunos.
- Published
- 2018
140. Hemicellulose Removal in Curaua (Ananas erectifolius) Fibers for Polyester Composites
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S. Rodrígues, Beatriz, M. García, Rafael, M. Leão, Rosineide, Campos Amico, Sandro, M. Luz, Sandra, S. Rodrígues, Beatriz, M. García, Rafael, M. Leão, Rosineide, Campos Amico, Sandro, and M. Luz, Sandra
- Abstract
Alkaline treatments extract hemicellulose from the fibers, which can be reused in the manufacture of other materials, and the cellulosic portion can be applied as reinforcement in a composite. This way, all components of the fibers are utilized. Method In this work, curaua fibers (Ananas erectifolius) were treated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) to solubilize part of the hemicellulose and lignin, and the cellulose-rich fibers were used to manufacture composites with unsaturated polyester, which were characterized to investigate the effect of the treatment on their properties. Result The alkaline treatment removed large portions of hemicellulose and significantly degraded the crystalline cellulose and lignin, resulting in a small increase (2.4%) in overall crystallinity and with a negative impact on their thermal stability. SEM images showed defibrillation of the treated fiber and fibril separation, increasing roughness and surface contact area. Conclusions In all, although the alkaline treatment substantially modified the fibers and no significant changes were observed in the mechanical properties of the composite, the total removal of hemicellulose was found to affect the integrity of cellulose fibers making harder their application as reinforcement. However, the higher cellulose content could be useful for other applications., Los tratamientos alcalinos extraen hemicelulosa de las fibras, las cuales pueden ser reusada en la manufactura de otros materiales, de la cual la fracción celulósica puede ser aplicada como un refuerzo en un compósito. De esta manera, todos los componentes de las fibras son utilizados. Método En este trabajo, las fibras de curaua (Ananas erectifolius) se trataron con hidróxido de potasio (KOH) para solubilizar la parte de la hemicelulosa y lignina, en donde las fibras ricas en celulosa se emplearon para fabricar compósitos con poliésteres insaturados, los cuales se caracterizaron para investigar el efecto del tratamiento en sus propiedades. Resultados El tratamiento alcalino remueve grandes porciones de hemicelulosa y degradaron de manera significativa la celulosa cristalina y la lignina, resultando en un ligero incremento en la cristalinidad total (2.4%) y con un impacto negativo en su estabilidad térmica. Las imágenes de SEM mostraron la desfibrilación de las fibras tratadas y la separación fibril, aumentando la rugosidad y el área de superficie de contacto. Conclusiones Resumiendo, aunque el tratamiento alcalino modifica sustancialmente las fibras, ningún cambio significativo se observa en las propiedades mecánicas del compósito, además, se encontró que la remoción total de la hemicelulosa afectaba la integridad de las fibras de celulosa, dificultando su aplicación como un refuerzo. Sin embargo, el mayor contenido de celulosa podría ser útil para otras aplicaciones.
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- 2018
141. Influencia de les condicions de termosolat sobre el rendiment de colorant dispers en tintura de polièster
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Canal Arias, José María, Cabot Álvarez, Andrea, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Canal Arias, José María, and Cabot Álvarez, Andrea
- Abstract
En aquest estudi s’han avaluat les condicions del procés Termosol en la tintura per fibres de polièster. S’ha treballat amb un teixit PES/CO 50/50, però només s’han tenyit les fibres de polièster. Les condicions de procés són temperatura i temps. La temperatura s’ha mantingut constant a 170ºC i s’ha treballat a diferents temps (30, 45, 60, 75 i 90 segons). S’han realitzat dues sèries per cada temps, per comprovar la repetibilitat del procés. Un cop finalitzat el Termosolat, s’ha dut a terme un rentat amb agent Dispersant, per eliminar part del colorant situat a la superfície del teixit. Per últim, també s’ha efectuat un rentat Reductor, per assegurar-nos l’eliminació total del colorant no fixat. Aquest últim rentat s’ha realitzat per comprovar la seva necessitat. Després de cada tractament s’ha calculat la intensitat de color, per mitjà del colorímetre. Per altre banda, s’ha comprovat la composició exacte del teixit, eliminant el component de cotó. Aquest experiment també permet observar la intensitat real de la tintura. Per últim, els resultats obtinguts a 170ºC s’han comparat amb el treball d’un company amb resultats a 180 i 190ºC, per escollir un procés òptim
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- 2018
142. Metal-free catalyzed ring-opening polymerization and block copolymerization of ¿-pentadecalactone using amino-ended initiators
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. POL - Polímers Industrials Avançats i Biopolímers Tecnològics, Tinajero, Ernesto, Martínez de Ilarduya Sáez de Asteasu, Domingo Antxon, Muñoz Guerra, Sebastián, de Paz, Maria Viola, Galbis Fuster, Elsa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. POL - Polímers Industrials Avançats i Biopolímers Tecnològics, Tinajero, Ernesto, Martínez de Ilarduya Sáez de Asteasu, Domingo Antxon, Muñoz Guerra, Sebastián, de Paz, Maria Viola, and Galbis Fuster, Elsa
- Abstract
Metal-free catalysis was successfully applied to polymerize ¿-pentadecalactone (PDL) by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) using several amino-ended initiators, namely hexylamine, allylamine and O,O'-bis(3-aminopropyl)diethylene glycol. This polymerization method was suitable to prepare telechelic polyesters carrying functional-end groups. The technique was then extended to the synthesis of block copolymers by ROP of PDL using bisamino-ended poly(ethylene glycol) (Mn¿=¿2600) as macroinitiator. PPDLx-PEG56-PPDLx triblock copolymers with Mn ranging between ~4000 and ~90,000¿g¿·mol-1 were synthesized and extensively characterized by NMR, DSC, TGA and XRD. The amphiphilic copolymers thus produced were demonstrated to be able to self-assemble in nanoparticles with average diameters of ~100–200¿nm and morphologies highly depending on blocks lengths. The described synthetic route distinguishes in providing “clean” amphiphilic copolymers, which are attractive candidates for biomedical applications., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)
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- 2018
143. Comportamiento mecánico de compuestos de matriz cementicia y tejidos de fibras vegetales
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Mercedes, Luis, Gil, Lluis, Bernat, Ernest, Mercedes, Luis, Gil, Lluis, and Bernat, Ernest
- Abstract
[ES] Los compuestos de matriz cementicia reforzados con fibras (fibre reinforced cementitious matrix: FRCM) han demostrado ser un material de refuerzo con un prometedor futuro, debido a su facilidad de aplicación, resistencia al fuego y su capacidad de disipar energía a través de un patrón de multifisuras. El auge que viene desarrollando el estudio de fibras vegetales como refuerzo dentro de los materiales compuestos debido a su bajo costo, baja densidad, reciclabilidad y biodegradabilidad, hace que estas fibras se presenten como una opción de refuerzo a considerar dentro los materiales compuestos. En este estudio se han elaborado especímenes FRCM de diferentes fibras vegetales (lino, cáñamo, sisal y algodón), utilizando un tratamiento a base de poliéster para evitar la degradación de las fibras y mejorar su eficacia dentro de los compuestos cementicios. Estos especímenes fueron sometidos a ensayos de tracción directa, donde los resultados mostraron una excelente interacción entre los tejidos y la matriz utilizada, pues el poliéster además mejorar las propiedades mecánicas de los hilos, aumenta la adherencia con la matriz, y con ello mejora las prestaciones mecánicas del FRCM. Los resultados presentan los FRCM de fibras de cáñamo y lino como los compuestos que alcanzaron mayor resistencia a traccion, y a los FRCM de fibras de algodón como los de mayor capacidad de alargamiento y multifisuración.
- Published
- 2018
144. Blocky poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) copolyesters via enzymatic ring opening polymerization
- Author
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. POL - Polímers Industrials Avançats i Biopolímers Tecnològics, Morales Huerta, Juan Carlos, Martínez de Ilarduya Sáez de Asteasu, Domingo Antxon, Muñoz Guerra, Sebastián, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. POL - Polímers Industrials Avançats i Biopolímers Tecnològics, Morales Huerta, Juan Carlos, Martínez de Ilarduya Sáez de Asteasu, Domingo Antxon, and Muñoz Guerra, Sebastián
- Abstract
Cyclic oligo(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) and e-caprolactone were copolymerized in bulk at 130-150 ºC by enzymatic ring opening polymerization using CALB as catalyst. Copolyesters within a wide range of compositions were thus synthesized with weight-average molecular weights between 20,000 and 50,000, the highest values being obtained for equimolar or nearly equimolar contents in the two components. The copolyesters consisted of a blocky distribution of the e-oxycaproate (CL) and butylene furanoate (BF) units that could be further randomized by heating treatment. The thermal stability of these copolyesters was comparable to those of the parent homopolyesters (PBF and PCL), and they all showed crystallinity in more or less degree depending on composition. Their melting and glass-transition temperatures were ranging between those of PBF and PCL with values increasing almost linearly with the content in BF units. The ability of these copolyesters for crystallizing from the melt was evaluated by comparative isothermal crystallization and found to be favored by the presence of flexible e-oxycaproate blocks. These copolyesters are essentially insensitive to hydrolysis in neutral aqueous medium but they became noticeably, Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)
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- 2018
145. Comportamiento mecánico de compuestos de matriz cementicia y tejidos de fibras vegetales
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Resistència de Materials i Estructures a l'Enginyeria, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LITEM - Laboratori per a la Innovació Tecnològica d'Estructures i Materials, Mercedes Cedeño, Luis Enrique, Gil Espert, Lluís, Bernat Masó, Ernest, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Resistència de Materials i Estructures a l'Enginyeria, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LITEM - Laboratori per a la Innovació Tecnològica d'Estructures i Materials, Mercedes Cedeño, Luis Enrique, Gil Espert, Lluís, and Bernat Masó, Ernest
- Abstract
Los compuestos de matriz cementicia reforzados con fibras (fibre reinforced cementitious matrix: FRCM) han demostrado ser un material de refuerzo con un prometedor futuro, debido a su facilidad de aplicación, resistencia al fuego y su capacidad de disipar energía a través de un patrón de multifisuras. El auge que viene desarrollando el estudio de fibras vegetales como refuerzo dentro de los materiales compuestos debido a su bajo costo, baja densidad, reciclabilidad y biodegradabilidad, hace que estas fibras se presenten como una opción de refuerzo a considerar dentro los materiales compuestos. En este estudio se han elaborado especímenes FRCM de diferentes fibras vegetales (lino, cáñamo, sisal y algodón), utilizando un tratamiento a base de poliéster para evitar la degradación de las fibras y mejorar su eficacia dentro de los compuestos cementicios. Estos especímenes fueron sometidos a ensayos de tracción directa, donde los resultados mostraron una excelente interacción entre los tejidos y la matriz utilizada, pues el poliéster además mejorar las propiedades mecánicas de los hilos, aumenta la adherencia con la matriz, y con ello mejora las prestaciones mecánicas del FRCM. Los resultados presentan los FRCM de fibras de cáñamo y lino como los compuestos que alcanzaron mayor resistencia a traccion, y a los FRCM de fibras de algodón como los de mayor capacidad de alargamiento y multifisuración., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)
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- 2018
146. Disseny d'un dosificador portatil
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Mecànica de Fluids, Torres Cámara, Ricardo, Perez Tarrado, Albert, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Mecànica de Fluids, Torres Cámara, Ricardo, and Perez Tarrado, Albert
- Abstract
Dissenyaré un carro incorporant un cabalímetre amb precisió de laboratori, un sistema de pesatge i un sistema de control de temperatura per tal de mantenir el fluid en les condicions desitjades.
- Published
- 2018
147. Kinetics of low temperature polyester dyeing with high molecular weight disperse dyes by solvent microemulsion and agrosourced auxiliaries
- Author
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. TECTEX - Grup de Recerca en Tecnologia Tèxtil, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. SPPT - Superfícies, Productes i Processos Tèxtils, Radei, Shahram, Carrión-Fité, Francisco Javier, Ardanuy Raso, Mònica, Canal Arias, José María, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. TECTEX - Grup de Recerca en Tecnologia Tèxtil, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. SPPT - Superfícies, Productes i Processos Tèxtils, Radei, Shahram, Carrión-Fité, Francisco Javier, Ardanuy Raso, Mònica, and Canal Arias, José María
- Abstract
This work focused on the evaluation of the kinetics of dyeing polyester fabrics with high molecular weight disperse dyes, at low temperature by solvent microemulsion. This study also compared the effect of two non-toxic agro-sourced auxiliaries (o-vanillin and coumarin) using a non-toxic organic solvent. A dyeing bath consisting of a micro-emulsion system involving a small proportion of n-butyl acetate was used, and the kinetics of dyeing were analysed at four temperatures (83, 90, 95 and 100 °C). Moreover, the dyeing rate constants, correlation coefficient and activation energies were proposed for this system. It was found that o-vanillin yielded higher dye absorption levels than coumarin, leading to exhaustions of 88% and 87% for Disperse Red 167 and Disperse Blue 79, respectively. K/S values of dyed polyester were also found to be higher for dye baths containing o-vanillin with respect to the ones with coumarin. In terms of hot pressing fastness and wash fastness, generally no adverse influence on fastness properties was reported, while o-vanillin showed slightly better results compared to coumarin, Postprint (published version)
- Published
- 2018
148. Evaluación del comportamiento al uso y mantenimiento de microcápsulas aplicadas en tejidos de poliéster con diferente gramaje y vellosidad
- Author
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Milán Cuevas, José Manuel
- Subjects
INGENIERIA TEXTIL Y PAPELERA ,fabric ,Máster Universitario en Ingeniería Textil-Màster Universitari en Enginyeria Tèxtil ,microcapsule ,Análisis organoléptico ,polyester ,tejido ,Organoleptic analysis ,poliéster ,microcápsula - Abstract
[ES] El alumno deberá aplicar microcápsulas cuyo principio activo sea un aroma sobre distintos tejidos de poliéster. Las diferencias entre los tejidos se basaran en el gramaje y la vellosidad de los mismos. Con el fin de asegurar que las variables a controlar son la influencia de las caracterísitcas estructurales de tejido, se utilizarán las mismas formulaciones para la aplicación de las microcápsulas sobre cada uno de los tejidos. Posteriormente, se recurrirá a la aplicación sobre las muestras obtenidas de distintos ensayos normalizados que reproduzcan el frote durante el uso y las condiciones de mantenimiento como son lavado, secado, planchado, etc. Con el fin de determinar la acción que dichos tratamientos ejercen sobre las microcápsulas se procederá a realizar tanto un análisis organoléptico como la observación a través de microscopía electrónica de barrido y aquellos métodos que se estimen oportunos.
- Published
- 2018
149. Metal-free catalyzed ring-opening polymerization and block copolymerization of ω-pentadecalactone using amino-ended initiators
- Author
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M-Violante de-Paz, Ernesto Tinajero-Díaz, A. Martínez-de Ilarduya, Sebastián Muñoz-Guerra, Elsa Galbis, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. POL - Polímers Industrials Avançats i Biopolímers Tecnològics
- Subjects
Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Polyesters ,Polimerització ,Amphiphilic block copolymers ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Ring-opening polymerization ,Amphiphilic block copolymer nanoparticles ,Allylamine ,Polymerization ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Enginyeria química [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Nanocompòsits (Materials) ,Hexylamine ,Polymer chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Copolymer ,Nanocomposites (Materials) ,Poliester ,Organic Chemistry ,Diethylene glycol ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Polyester ,chemistry ,Macrolactones polymerization ,Polyethyleneglycol-polyester copolymers ,0210 nano-technology ,Ethylene glycol ,Enzymatic ring-opening polymerization - Abstract
Metal-free catalysis was successfully applied to polymerize ω-pentadecalactone (PDL) by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) using several amino-ended initiators, namely hexylamine, allylamine and O,O′-bis(3-aminopropyl)diethylene glycol. This polymerization method was suitable to prepare telechelic polyesters carrying functional-end groups. The technique was then extended to the synthesis of block copolymers by ROP of PDL using bisamino-ended poly(ethylene glycol) (Mn = 2600) as macroinitiator. PPDLx-PEG56-PPDLx triblock copolymers with Mn ranging between ∼4000 and ∼90,000 g ·mol−1 were synthesized and extensively characterized by NMR, DSC, TGA and XRD. The amphiphilic copolymers thus produced were demonstrated to be able to self-assemble in nanoparticles with average diameters of ∼100–200 nm and morphologies highly depending on blocks lengths. The described synthetic route distinguishes in providing “clean” amphiphilic copolymers, which are attractive candidates for biomedical applications. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad MAT-2016- 77345-CO3-01, MAT-2016-77345-CO3-02
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- 2018
150. Mosquito repellency of polyester nets treated with cyclodextrin/pepellent complexes
- Author
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Miró Specos, M. M., Topollan, D. Y., Arata, J., Zannoni, V., Volmajer Valh, J., Garcia, J., Gutierrez, A. C., Voncina, B., and Hermida, L. G.
- Subjects
Fibras poliéster ,Mosquitos ,Repelentes ,Poliéster - Abstract
Fil: Miró Specos, M. M. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. INTI-Textiles; Argentina Fil: Topollan, D. Y. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. INTI-Textiles; Argentina Fil: Arata, J. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. INTI-Química; Argentina Fil: Zannoni, V. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. INTI-Química; Argentina Fil: Volmajer Valh, J. Universidad de Maribor; Eslovenia Fil: Garcia, J. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-UNLP); Argentina Fil: Gutierrez, A. C. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-UNLP); Argentina Fil: Voncina, B. . Universidad de Maribor; Eslovenia Fil: Hermida, L. G. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. INTI-Química; Argentina
- Published
- 2018
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