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In this paper I discuss Ernst Zermelo’s ideas concerning the possibility of developing a system of infinitary logic that, in his opinion, should be suitable for mathematical inferences. The presentation of Zermelo’s ideas is accompanied with some remarks concerning the development of infinitary logic. I also stress the fact that the second axiomatization of set theory provided by Zermelo in 1930 involved the use of extremal axioms of a very specific sort.1

Certain mathematical objects bear the name “pathological” (or “paradoxical”). They either occur as unexpected and (temporarily) unwilling in mathematical research practice, or are constructed deliberately, for instance in order to delimit the scope of application of a theorem. I discuss examples of mathematical pathologies and the circumstances of their emergence. I focus my attention on the creative role of pathologies in the development of mathematics. Finally, I propose a few reflections concerning the degree of cognitive accessibility of mathematical objects. I believe that the problems discussed in the paper may attract the attention of philosophers interested in concept formation and the development of mathematical ideas.

The article provides theoretical justification and describes the development, psychometric verification and approbation of the Learning Interest Index inventory for assessing learning motivation in adolescents of different age groups. The theoretical basis was a resource approach aimed at identifying those motivational-value and personality components that make a significant positive contribution to both the process and the result of learning activities of adolescents. The sample for psychometric verification of the test consisted of 572 adolescents (44.5% boys, 55.5% girls) studying in 7—11 grades of several medium-ranked schools of Moscow and the Moscow region. To identify the structure of learning interest, exploratory factor analysis was applied separately for the sub-samples of middle (grades 7—9) and older (grades 10—11) adolescents. The model of the Learning Interest Index includes both simple, unambiguous, and complex, combined factors. For a sample of middle-aged adolescents, a seven-factor model of the Learning Interest Index was obtained. The structure of the learning interest of older adolescents includes nine factors. Psychometric verification showed that all scales of the questionnaire have acceptable reliability, as well as construct and empirical validity.

Background: Anaemia is one of the major public health problems worldwide. Commonest nutritional deficiency affecting more than 1.2 billion individuals worldwide 1. Iron deficiency anaemia is associated with a reduction in physical well being and decreased exercise capacity. The prevalence of anaemia is 30% in stable heart failure and 50% in hospitalized heart failure patients, compared with less than 10% in the general population 2.In iron deficiency anaemia, to maintain adequate oxygen delivery, cardiac output can increase by the compensatory increase in blood volume, preload, heart rate, and stroke volume, and decrease in afterload.If severe iron deficiency anaemia left untreated, it could cause secondary organ damage. Chronic severe iron deficiency anaemia causes cardiac remodelling, cardiomegaly, arrhythmia, left ventricular hypertrophy, and heart failure. Aim: To study the left ventricular dysfunction in patients with severe iron deficiency admitted in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A Hospital-based Prospective study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Santhiram medical college & general hospital for a 2 year period. Universal Sampling Technique was used for the selection of study subjects. All the patients coming to the medicine department during the study period with age > 18years with informed written consent taken from the patient,Hemoglobin< 6gm/dl (according to WHO criteria) and Red cell indices suggestive of iron deficiency anaemia The final sample size was 100 subjects. Results: Out of 100 patients, 62% were females, and 38% were males in the study group. The mean age in the study population was 40.68±12.5 years, with the minimum age being 18 years and maximum age is 70 years. The prevalence of LV dysfunction in the study group was 61%.51% of the total population had systolic dysfunction and 10% had diastolic dysfunction.39% of the total population had normal LV function. In patients with systolic dysfunction, 72.5% were females, and 27.5% were males. In diastolic dysfunction, 50% were males, and 50% were females. Conclusion: As iron deficiency anaemia is more prevalent globally, its consequences on the cardiovascular system were studied. Iron deficiency anaemia is a major public health problem in developing countries, and it causes major cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Severe iron deficiency anaemia causes structural changes in the left ventricle leading to eccentric or concentric hypertrophy, which predisposes the patients to develop left ventricular dysfunction. Hence, early diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anaemia can reverse remodelling and prevent left ventricular dysfunction. Thus, reducing major cardiovascular morbidity and mortality

Abstract Numerous studies have demonstrated that sympathetic nervous system overactivation during exercise in hypertensive rodents and humans is due, in part, to an exaggerated reflex response known as the exercise pressor reflex. Our prior studies have implicated a key role of mineralocorticoid receptor activation in mediating an augmented exercise pressor reflex in spontaneously hypertensive rats, which is mitigated by blockade with eplerenone. However, the effect of eplerenone on exercise pressor reflex has not been assessed in human hypertension. Accordingly, the authors performed a randomized crossover study to compare the effects of eplerenone to another antihypertensive drug from a different class amlodipine on sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in 14 patients with uncomplicated hypertension. The authors found that amlodipine unexpectedly augmented the increase in SNA during the second minute of isometric handgrip, which persisted into the post‐exercise circulatory arrest period (∆ SNA, from rest of 15 ± 2 vs. 9 ± 2 vs. 10 ± 2 bursts/min, amlodipine vs. baseline vs. eplerenone, respectively, p

This theoretical article is aimed at highlighting the problem associated with the training of drivers in the system of additional education (driving schools). The analysis of international experience in the development of educational programs for training drivers of various categories is presented. We consider a learning model called GDE Matrix, which has become the basis for multi-level educational programs for the training of both drivers and teachers of educational centers/driving schools in the different countries of the world. It is shown why in the programs of education of drivers in different countries of the world an emphasis is placed on purposeful psychological and pedagogical influence, which has the goal of forming an adequate assessment of oneself as a driver. The necessity of modifying the course “Psychophysiological foundations of the driver's activity” is substantiated, the possibilities and prospects of using additional interactive modules, including the study of risk factors of the transport environment for the formation of safe behavior of novice drivers.

Photodynamic priming (PDP), a collateral effect of photodynamic therapy, can transiently alter the tumor microenvironment (TME) beyond the cytotoxic zone. Studies have demonstrated that PDP increases tumor permeability and modulates immune-stimulatory effects by inducing immunogenic cell death, via the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and tumor-associated antigens. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest of cancers with a stubborn immunosuppressive TME and a dense stroma, representing a challenge for current molecular targeted therapies often involving macromolecules. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that PDP’s TME modulation will enable targeted therapy and result in immune stimulation. Using triple-receptor-targeted photoimmuno-nanoconjugate (TR-PINs)-mediated PDP, targeting epidermal growth factor receptor, transferrin receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 we show light dose-dependent TR-PINs mediated cytotoxicity in human PDAC cells (MIA PaCa-2), co-cultured with human pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts (PCAFs) in spheroids. Furthermore, TR-PINs induced the expression of heat shock proteins (Hsp60, Hsp70), Calreticulin, and high mobility group box 1 in a light dose and time-dependent manner. TR-PINs-mediated T cell activation was observed in co-cultures of immune cells with the MIA PaCa-2-PCAF spheroids. Both CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells showed light dose and time-dependant antitumor reactivity by upregulating degranulation marker CD107a and interferon-gamma post-PDP. Substantial tumor cell death in immune cell-spheroid co-cultures by day 3 shows the augmentation by antitumor T cell activation and their ability to recognize tumors for a light dose-dependent kill. These data confirm enhanced destruction of heterogeneous pancreatic spheroids mediated by PDP-induced phototoxicity, TME modulation and increased immunogenicity with targeted nanoconstructs.

The current social situation in the country obliges the school to provide its graduates with quality education; to develop their personally significant knowledge, skills and means of activities; to stimulate the desire for creativity, their own individuality. The development of an individual education trajectory for each student will help to master all of the above mentioned aspects. The purpose of the article is to elaborate a model and experimental methods aimed at training future teachers of Physical Education in using individual education trajectories. Unfortunately, modern teachers do not pay a due attention to the development of individual education trajectories. It is possible to assume that teachers are simply not ready for such an innovative type of activity. Thus, teachers of modern higher education institutions encounter the task to train future teachers, including the ones of Physical Education; to develop and implement students’ individual education trajectories. A particular attention should be paid to teaching students to develop their own individual education trajectory. Such trajectories will promote their self-development and self-realization in future professional activities.

Paolo Gionchetti, Carlo Calabrese, Silvio Laureti, Gilberto Poggioli, Fernando Rizzello IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Bologna, ItaliaCorrespondence: Paolo GionchettiDIMEC, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, 40138, ItaliaEmail paolo.gionchetti@unibo.itAbstract: Procto-colectomy with an ileal pouch anal anastomosis is the procedure of choice for ulcerative colitis patients that require colectomy. Pouchitis is a non-specific inflammation of the ileal reservoir, and the most common, inflammatory and long-term, complication after pouch surgery for ulcerative colitis. The aetiology is still unknown, but many risk factors have been individuated. Pouchitis can be classified based on aetiology, duration, clinical course, and response to antibiotic therapy. Accurate diagnosis and classification is the key factor for an adequate management, and exclusion of secondary causes of pouchitis is pivotal. Most of the patients consistently respond to antibiotic therapy, but management of the subgroup of patients with chronic-antibiotic-resistant-pouchitis is still challenging, being this entity one of the major causes of pouch failure.Keywords: pouchitis, chronic antibiotic refractory pouchitis, classification, diagnosis, management

Radmila Karpova,1 Andrey Gorbunov,1 Marina Mnatsakanyan,2 Aleksandr Pogromov,2 Irina Sokolova,2 Yuliya Shumskaya,2 Ksenia Russkova,3 Kirill Chernousov,1 Daria Momatyuk3 1Department of Faculty Surgery No.1, University Clinical Hospital No.1, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; 2Department of Hospital Therapy No.1, University Clinical Hospital No.1, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; 3Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, RussiaCorrespondence: Ksenia RusskovaInstitute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya st, Moscow, 119991, RussiaTel +79050164054Email russkova.ksy@gmail.comAbstract: Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NL) that occurs in 2 out of 100 cases and is more common in women aged > 60 years. A sluggish, asymptomatic course of the disease does not exclude transformation into a malignant form that occurs in 25% of patients with SMZL. Another equally important sign of an NL is thrombosis that occurs in 3.6% to 17.1% of the cases. In this report, we present a case of emergency splenectomy in a patient owing to difficulties in the diagnosis of SMZL, rapid onset of acute portal vein thrombosis, and the fulminant enlargement of the spleen accompanied by an increased risk of its rupture. Chronic hepatitis B was likely the trigger for transformation of the disease to an aggressive course. Portal vein thrombosis and the aggressive course of SMZL with rapid enlargement of the spleen and threat of its rupture in the background of viral hepatitis B required emergency splenectomy followed by anticoagulant, antiviral, and antitumor therapy.Keywords: splenic marginal zone lymphoma, SMZL, portal vein thrombosis, emergency splenectomy, chronic viral hepatitis B

Marco Tagliamento,1,2 Elisa Agostinetto,3,4 Roberto Borea,2,5 Mariana Brandão,3 Francesca Poggio,6 Alfredo Addeo,7 Matteo Lambertini2,8 1Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; 2Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genova, Genova, Italy; 3Institut Jules Bordet and Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium; 4Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center and Humanitas University, Milan, Italy; 5Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; 6Breast Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; 7Oncology Department, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; 8Department of Medical Oncology, UOC Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, ItalyCorrespondence: Marco TagliamentoDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genova, Genova, ItalyTel +39 010 5558902Email marco.tagliamento@edu.unige.itAbstract: Agents targeting the B7 family co-inhibitory receptors cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), or its ligand (PD-L1), have a pivotal role in clinical practice. V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is a protein highly conserved between species, with a similar amino acid sequence to the B7 family members, characterized by a particularly structural homology to PD-1. It has been counted as an emerging target within the list of novel targetable immune checkpoints in oncology. Physiologically, VISTA exerts a regulatory function on the immune system at several levels, particularly by modulating T cells activation. Its altered activity plays a role in many autoimmune diseases, and its expression has been found to be prognostically implicated in different cancer types in preclinical models. We hereby present the main evidence on the value of VISTA as an immune checkpoint in solid and hematological malignancies. We also review its value as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy, by reporting the results of Phase I and II clinical trials assessing the use of drugs targeting VISTA. The complexity of its pathway, along with some unclear biological aspects concerning its molecular interactions, currently represent a limit to the applicability of VISTA as an effective biomarker for immunotherapy in oncology. A deeper characterization of this immune checkpoint may help defining its value within immune signatures of solid and hematological malignancies, and to design future therapeutic strategies.Keywords: VISTA, immune checkpoint, immunotherapy, cancer, biomarker

Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus have been said to have a two-way relationship, with diabetes leading to oral disease and periodontitis exacerbating hyperglycemia. The universal biologic mechanisms and demographic and behavioral risk drivers, underlying these associations in both directions, are also described.

Regulatory Behavior in the COVID-19 Pandemic: How to Get Students to Comply with It? Objective. Determine the targets and methods of psychological and pedagogical work that aimed increasing the specific normativity of students' behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular, on compliance with the mask regime. Background. Due to the situation with COVID-19 pandemic many countries all over the world, including in Russia, introduced the number of tough measures which restricted the behavior and interaction of people. The study focuses on such acute issues as the attitudes of different social groups toward both the disease itself and the measures to combat it, clarification of the reasons and motivations for individuals’ compliance/non-compliance with normative behavior during the pandemic. The coronavirus pandemic actualizes the problems of providing practical psychological assistance to people, including young people, who experience stress and who have difficulties with coping with this situation. Study design. The study was conducted during the increasing spread of the disease and the introduction of an isolation regime. The data obtained was analyzed with reference to the time of the research participants’ questionnaire completion: the first group of students filled the Google forms from 9th to 23rd November 2020 (stage 1); the second group — from 24th November to 8th December 2020 (stage 2). The research analyzed students’ social representations of the pandemic and measures to combat it; peculiarities of attitudes toward various aspects of COVID-19 and toward the normative behavior of young people during the pandemic; subjective experience of danger of the disease and the dominant coping strategies associated with them. Participants. 565 undergraduate students from various faculties of the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education (MGPPU): 504 females, 61males. Measurements. Anonymous survey included closed questions; method of prototypical analysis of social representations (P. Verges); Self-perceived flexible coping with stress (SFCS); The Fear of COVID-19 Scale; SPSS Statistics 20 package (contingency tables with the calculation of the Pearson χ2 test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests). Results. Students showed a diverse and often controversial views on COVID-19 and ways prevent its spread. At the core of social representations of the pandemic and protective masks, the most popular are those that reflect the personal restrictions imposed by the pandemic, the inconvenience and displeasure resulted from the compliance with these restrictions . To a smaller extent, there is a fear of getting sick. There are practically no social representations associated with concern over other people, that express a pro-social position. In relation to the mechanisms of compliance with restrictive measures, the opinions of students are heterogeneous: some support the introduction of strict restrictions and consider it rational to have strict external control, while others believe that the fulfillment of sanitary and epidemiological requirements should be an independent decision of a person. The study found the predominant choice of situational and multiple coping strategies by students in response to the emergence of the pandemic situation and the relationship between these types of coping with low level of subjective fear. Nevertheless, with the deterioration of the pandemic situation, students' assessments of the means of informing about COVID-19 and strategies to combat it changed: at the first stage of the study students considered specialists (doctors, scientists) as a reference group, at the second stage — parents and close circle. Social media turned out to be the most insignificant source of information. Main conclusions. The data obtained make it possible to identify the main targets of psychological and pedagogical work with students and to determine the main methods of this work which should include the activity-based inclusion in the solution of group tasks aimed at optimizing the life of people in a pandemic. According to the results of the study, a group of students stood out with a high level of fear experience (32%) and a tendency to non-constructive ways of coping. These students require targeted psychological assistance. As an illustration of the active involvement of students to the problem of COVID prevention, the article describes a competition of creative works of different directions organized by the Faculty of Social Psychology of Moscow State University of Psychology and Education on the topic medical masks use in the context of the "Marathon of Masks" pandemic.

We demonstrate that electrically pumped random laser resonators, operating at terahertz (THz) frequencies, and comprising a quantum cascade laser heterostructure, can operate as sensitive photodetectors through the self-mixing effect. We devise two-dimensional cavities exploiting a disordered arrangement of surface holes that simultaneously provide optical feedback and allow light out-coupling. By reflecting the emitted light back onto the surface with random holes pattern, and by varying the external cavity length, we capture the temporal dependence of the laser voltage, collecting a rich sequence of interference fringes that follow the bias-dependent spectral emission of the laser structure. This provides a visible signature of the random laser sensitivity to the self-mixing effect, under different feedback regimes. The latter effect is then exploited, in the near-field, to demonstrate detectorless scattering near-field optical microscopy with nanoscale (120 nm) spatial resolution. The achieved results open up possibilities of detectorless speckle-free nano-imaging and quantum sensing applications across the far-infrared.

Abstract Background The effective management of cardiovascular (CVD) prevention among the population with exclusive public health coverage in Argentina is low since less than 30% of the individuals with predicted 10-year CVD risk ≥10% attend a clinical visit for CVD risk factors control in the primary care clinics (PCCs). Methods We conducted a non-controlled feasibility study using a mixed methods approach to evaluate acceptability, adoption and fidelity of a multi-component intervention implemented in the public healthcare system. The eligibility criteria were having exclusive public health coverage, age ≥ 40 years, residence in the PCC’s catchment area and 10-year CVD risk ≥10%. The multi-component intervention addressed (1) system barriers through task shifting among the PCC’s staff, protected medical appointments slots and a new CVD form and (2) Provider barriers through training for primary care physicians and CHW and individual barriers through a home-based intervention delivered by community health workers (CHWs). Results A total of 185 participants were included in the study. Of the total number of eligible participants, 82.2% attended at least one clinical visit for risk factor control. Physicians intensified drug treatment in 77% of participants with BP ≥140/90 mmHg and 79.5% of participants with diabetes, increased the proportion of participants treated according to GCP from 21 to 32.6% in hypertensive participants, 7.4 to 33.3% in high CVD risk and 1.4 to 8.7% in very high CVD risk groups. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were lower at the end of follow up (156.9 to 145.4 mmHg and 92.9 to 88.9 mmHg, respectively) and control of hypertension (BP

Abstract The aim of the current study was to determine the chemical constituents of essential oil and to study the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oil and the extracts obtained from the raw material of Ziziphora wild growing in the floras of Armenia and Artsakh cultivated in the hydroponic conditions. The essential oils were obtained by the method of hydro-distillation. The determination of the essential oil constituents were performed by the GC-MS method. Agar disk diffusion method was used to study the antimicrobial activity of essential oils. The antioxidant activity determination was carried out DPPH test by the spectrophotometric method, at the same time IC50 was determined. The highest values of the essential oils yield (1.25 ± 0.01%) and IC50 13.83±0.218(x10-5)g/l) were received for the plant cultivated in hydroponic conditions. For the first time in the above studied samples, by the method of GC-MS more than 70 components were revealed. The results of the study showed that essential oils of Ziziphora exhibit antimicrobial activity and the extracts revealed relatively expressed antioxidant activity. The study results show the future prospects of the use of Ziziphora not only as the source of flavonoids and essential oils, but also antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.

Stating the Subject of the Study. Study of the peculiarities of accumulation and preservation of holdings in modern national libraries. Problem Statement. For the past five years, the memorial function in the activities of the world’s leading national libraries has not been the subject of in-depth study in the ukrainian library science. This is especially true of the study of strategic plans for the activities of national European libraries as memory institutions. Stating the Aim of the Study. The purpose of the study is to highlight the current activities of the world’s leading libraries related to the accumulation and preservation of information funds. The research methodology is based on the empirical method, within which the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction are applied. Results of the Study. The memorial function of the world’s national libraries is highlighted as being user-centered and pursue a goal to preserve and provide the largest information resource to people. The key area of activity is the restoration of newspaper collections, video and audio collections, which may be lost due to the worn-out of formats. The creation of digital funds, which are formed on the basis of digitized physical collections and publications issued in digital format, are outlined. Emphasis is placed on the creation of the principles of quality and impartial selection of information to the funds. A key aspect in the work of national libraries on the digital catalog is the creation of metadata using automatic intellectual technologies, which will provide the most complete access to holdings and the possibility of large-scale operation of them. The standardization of digital catalogs based on the international RDA standard is highlighted by the key strategic objectives of libraries. The article also deals with the question of the trend of technical re-equipment of old storage facilities and the development of new library premises, taking into account the most modern technological, architectural, aesthetic, ergonomic requirements, based on which modern structures of libraries are transformed into centers of excellence in collecting and knowledge management. Novelty. Originality. The memorial function of the world’s national libraries was analyzed for the first time on the basis of strategic plans of these institutions, the current directions in the accumulation and features of preserving the funds of the world’s leading library sources are specified and described. The practical significance. The obtained scientific results can be used as a guide for writing scientific and methodical manuals, textbooks, lectures on the course of library science, also can be a recommendatory material in formation of domestic experience of the organization of library activity.

Commissioned and de-commissioned shooting ranges continue to pose an environmental and human health risk due to the accumulation of toxic Pb emanating from spent munitions. The phytotoxic effects of Pb accumulation in plants include inhibition of root growth and lowering of plant metabolism. The uptake of Pb by plants is directly affected by factors such as plant species and physicochemical properties of the soil. However, scientists and researchers have leveraged on the ability of some plant species to accumulate and tolerate Pb toxicity and applied them in the control and management of Pb pollution of shooting range soils. This technique is called phytoremediation. The objectives of this review are: (i) to assess the prevalence of toxic Pb metal in plant species growing in and nearby shooting ranges, (ii) to establish the soil-plant mechanistic pathway for Pb (iii) discuss the effectiveness of phytoremediation technology towards shooting range soil amendment.

In the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), urban planning and urban architecture reflect the interest of the working class. The goal for the working class was to develop a specific type of urban planning, as a result of which the DPRK introduced a socialist model of urban planning. Until the beginning of 1970, the DPRK depended on the influence of the USSR, it wanted to go beyond that framework, especially in the field of urban planning and architecture. In the early 1970s, Kim Il-sung presented the thesis of Juche's idea, which encompasses all aspects of society. During the 1980s, Pyongyang was promoted to the world as the socialist capital of the world. However, in the 21st century, Korean architecture has noticed many changes compared to the past. In addition to remaining faithful to rationality and monumentality, social differences were given to special groups. Since the arrival and rise of Kim Jong-un to power, the newly built parts of Pyongyang are reminiscent of the physiognomy of capitalist cities.

Street (urban) art is an art form that consists of graffiti, murals, mosaics in urban space. As the process of globalization increasingly affects the form of the city, urban identities have become less noticeable. At the same time, different social forces are trying to create an urban space. In the formation of urban identity , the appearance of the city plays a key role in creating specific spaces inscribed in material artifacts. One of these practices of creating, defending and expanding the free space of social everyday life are works of street art. As a symbolic and moral challenge to the dominant role of the city government, works of street art can be an indicator of changing urban space, as they represent a conflict over the use of public space. Placing art in a public urban space can serve as a means of separating the physical and social characteristics of a place. Street art participates in creating the uniqueness of the location and thus the identity of the city.

Streptomycetes have for a long time attracted attention of researchers in the fields of industrial microbiology, biotechnology and genetic engineering as producers of various nutrients. At present, almost 17 % of the biologically active of microbial secondary metabolites (about 7600 of the 43000 known) are isolated from streptomycetes. Nowadays, the products of streptomycete biosynthesis are used in various fields: in agriculture – for the treatment and prevention of bacterial and fungal infections, as growth stimulators and additives in animal feed, etc.; in the food industry – at canning of foodstuff with the maximum preservation of nutrients; in scientific research – to inhibit certain stages of biochemical transformations, cell destruction in order to isolate subcellular structures, in the cultivation of viruses, in genetic research, etc. Some of the main compounds that synthesize streptomycetes are enzymes, including hydrolytic, in particular proteinases, amylase, lipase, cellulase, DNAses, lytic enzymes and others. Lytic enzymes, by acting on the substrate, can be divided into bacteriolytic, myco- and yeast-elitic. Due to the lability of the enzymatic apparatus, members of the genus Streptomyces have a high antagonistic activity, which suppress the activity of other bacteria and fungi. Significant biosynthetic potential and incredible heterogeneity of streptomycetes determine the relevance of search for new producers and in-depth study of known microorganisms. Purpose: to determine the composition of enzymes in the culture liquid of strains; fractionation of protein complexes by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and comparison of their lytic activities. When determining the composition of enzymes in the culture fluid of the producers, it was found that all studied strains dissolved B. subtilis cells and only selected variants (S. recifensis 2P-15, P-29, 2.2 and 5.2) caused lysis of S. aureus cells. The yeast-lytic activity of streptomycetes was low, and in some strains (Streptomyces sp. 35, S. avermitilis AC-2179 and S. recifensis 6.2) it was not detected at all. The most active producer of proteinases was the rifampicin-resistant variant of S. recifensis 2P-15, and high amylolytic activity was demonstrated by variants of Streptomyces sp. 31, 2P-15 and P-29. Comparative analysis of lytic activity in the fractionation of enzymes on Sephadex G-75 showed that the most active is variant 2.2. It had the highest yield of staphylolytic activity for both high and low molecular weight proteins.Conclusions. Studies indicate a fairly high heterogeneity of the composition of enzyme complexes produced by streptomycetes. However, apparently, there are basic sets of genes encoding the most needful groups of enzymes, among which lytic enzymes, proteinases and amylase play an important role in the manifestation of antagonistic activity and food needs. Therefore, some of the studied strains can be use as objects for further optimization of enzyme synthesis, creation of overproducing strains and obtaining on their basis highly effective enzyme preparations.

Aesthetic education requires a methodical approach to integrating the individual into a system of influence both formal, educational, through specific artistic and extra-curricular/non-formal disciplines, by making use of special opportunities that are studied outside school, but which, independently or in correlation with it, make the human being aware of beauty, enhance artistic feelings, form and consolidate the authentic aesthetic taste. Art education denotes a certain way of seeing the human, a special philosophy of life, a vision of what is most precious for becoming a human being. The importance of art appreciation in society gives the value measure of that society, its refinement, and axiological altitude. Art education is opening new horizons because it develops the questioning and reflective spirit. Art and beauty are such cultural privileges that do not arise by themselves, but are conquered by continuous initiation, training and experimentation of the relations with them.

Background : Acute pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that affects the renal parenchyma that can be life-threatening and often leads to renal scarring. It usually ascended from the lower urinary tract, and also reach the kidney via the bloodstream. Early diagnosis and management of acute pyelonephritis have a better impact on patient outcomes. Acute pyelonephritis is one of the severe conditions with high mortality and morbidity. It represents the most severe form of urinary tract infection. Acute pyelonephritis is the most common cause of communityonset bacteremia in elderly patients1. Aim: To study the microbiological profile in patients with acute pyelonephritis admitted in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A Hospital-based Prospective study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Santhiram medical college & general hospital for a 2 year period.Universal Sampling Technique was used for the selection of study subjects.The study population included patients admitted with fever, flank pain, and positive urine or blood cultures in the department of general medicine in Santhiram medical college and general hospital.The final sample size was 50 subjects. Results: In the present study, 50 participants were selected as the study population. The mean age of the study population was 57.48 ± 11.21. The majority of participants (70%) were distributed in a 50 to 69-year age group. Majority of participants were females (60%) and males (40%).In the current study among participants, in the current study, urine culture was positive in 29 patients (58%) of the study population. In 29(58%) of the subjects who had a culture-positive infection, the most predominant infectious agent in the present study group was Escherichia. coli and was reported in 22 (44%) of the study subjects. Other causative organisms include, Klebsiella pneumonia was reported in 2(4%) subjects. Candida albicans, Citrobacter, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas were isolated in 1 (2%) subject each. One subject had a dual infection with Escherichia coli and Candida.In current study, among the 29 culture isolates, none of them were resistant to Cefperazone plus Sulbactum or Piperacillin plus tazobactam. The highest proportion of resistance was reported for Ampicillin as 82.1% of isolates were resistant. Levofloxacin resistance was found in 67.9% of isolates. Gentamicin and Amikacin resistance was found 17.86% and 3.6% of the isolates. Nitrofurantoin resistance was found in 2 (7.1%) of isolates. Conclusion: The mean age of the study population was 57.480 ± 11.2072 years in the study population, and there was a slight female preponderance in the occurrence of APN.The majority of participants (78%) were distributed ina 50 to 69-year age group.Diabetes, hypertension, ureteric calculus, and past history of UTI were the common risk factors identified in the study population.In.More than half (58%) of the study population had a culture-positiveinfection.TheThe most common organism isolated in the study population was E.Coli, responsible for 44% of the cases. None of them were resistant to Cefoperazone plus Sulbactum or Piperacillin plus tazobactam. The other antimicrobials, which have not shown any resistance, were Meropenem and Colistin.The highest proportion of resistance was reported for Ampicillin in 82.1%, followed by Levofloxacin in 67.9% of isolates. ICU admission rate was higher in culture-positive cases (63.6%), as compared to culture-negative cases (36.4%)None of the study subjects had hospital mortality

This note discusses some problems concerning intended, standard, and nonstandard models of mathematical theories. We pay attention to the role of extremal axioms in attempts at a unique characterization of the intended models. We recall also Jan Woleński’s views on these issues.

Mateusz Cieśluk,1 Katarzyna Pogoda,2 Piotr Deptuła,1 Paulina Werel,3 Alina Kułakowska,3 Jan Kochanowicz,3 Zenon Mariak,4 Tomasz Łysoń,4 Joanna Reszeć,5 Robert Bucki1 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok PL-15222, Poland; 2Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow PL-31342, Poland; 3Department of Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok PL-15276, Poland; 4Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok PL-15276, Poland; 5Department of Pathology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok PL-15269, PolandCorrespondence: Robert BuckiDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, Bialystok 15-222, PolandTel +48 85 784 5483Email buckirobert@gmail.comBackground: The tissue-mechanics environment plays a crucial role in human brain physiological development and the pathogenesis of different diseases, especially cancer. Assessment of alterations in brain mechanical properties during cancer progression might provide important information about possible tissue abnormalities with clinical relevance.Methods: With atomic force microscopy (AFM), the stiffness of freshly removed human brain tumor tissue was determined on various regions of the sample and compared to the stiffness of healthy human brain tissue that was removed during neurosurgery to gain access to tumor mass. An advantage of indentation measurement using AFM is the small volume of tissue required and high resolution at the single-cell level.Results: Our results showed great heterogeneity of stiffness within metastatic cancer or primary high-grade gliomas compared to healthy tissue. That effect was not clearly visible in lower-grade tumors like meningioma.Conclusion: Collected data indicate that AFM might serve as a diagnostic tool in the assessment of human brain tissue stiffness in the process of recognizing tumors.Keywords: AFM, brain tumors, human tissue rheology, mechanomarkers, glioblastoma

Early Neolithic in the basin of the Konda River, the left tributary of the Irtysh River, is characterized by a large number of sites, a variety of their types and the original artifacts. Among the early Neolithic sites two cultural types: the Shoushma and the Umytia types have been justified based on an extensive number of sources. The Shoushma antiquities date back to the turn of the 7000–6000 BC – 3rd quarter of 6000 BC. The construction of two pits connected by a passage was studied on the basic Shoushma type site. The ceramics is original in composition. It includes vessels of the Shoushma type, one Umytia vessel and the pottery with features of both types. Stone tools were made from the local pebble-boulder of various rock types. The stone flaking and processing was conducted in striking and counter-striking, pressure, abrasive techniques and picketage. On the opinion of the authors, the presence of the Umytia vessel and vessels with mixed features in the ceramics reflected on contacts among the local population during the first half of the VI millennium BC.

The purpose of this article is to consider the problems of driving behavior research in modern traffic psychology. The article describes an integrative pattern of behavior, the socio-cognitive theory and the theory of planning behavior. It shows that the concept of "driving behavior" can be interpreted differently in the works of different authors and also that it differs from the concepts, which are designated in national psychology as "driving activity" or "driving." The article also provides a brief description of the basic psychological methods of studying driving behavior, analyzes their potentials and limitations. The material can be used by psychologists working in the field of road safety, as well as lecturers presenting the course "Psychophysiological basics of the driver's activity" and who can plan psychological studies of driving and driving behavior of students in driving school.

Stephan Schug,1,2 Esther Pogatzki-Zahn,3 Lawrence D Phillips,4 Margaret Noyes Essex,5 Feng Xia,5 Alison J Reader,6 Robert Pawinski6 1Discipline of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; 2Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; 3Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; 4Department of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK; 5Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA; 6Pfizer Ltd, Walton Oaks, Tadworth, UKCorrespondence: Margaret Noyes Essex Tel +1 212 733 8018Fax +1 646 441 5967Email margaret.essex@pfizer.comBackground: Identifying the optimal treatment in an acute postoperative setting remains a challenge. Multiple analgesic options are available, but comparing outcomes is limited by a lack of head-to-head trials. In addition, decisions based on efficacy only do not take drug safety into account. In such cases, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) can be utilized to quantify and compare the efficacy and safety data of various drugs.Methodology: The efficacy-safety profiles of eight parenteral, postoperative analgesics (acetaminophen, diclofenac, ketorolac, metamizole, morphine, nefopam, parecoxib, tramadol) widely used in Europe were evaluated using an MCDA model that included 17 criteria: three for efficacy and 14 for safety. Each drug was scored on each criterion on a scale from 0 (worst) to 100 (best), according to published data and the judgment of an expert panel. A weighting process was then applied to standardize the impact of each criterion and adjust drugs’ preference scores accordingly, normalizing them on the 0– 100 scale. Sensitivity analyses were also performed, including a model in which analgesic profiles were compared when opioid sparing effect was set at a zero value for all drugs.Results: In the primary model, efficacy and safety had relative weightings of 64% and 36%, respectively. Efficacy and safety criteria with the highest values were pain relief (relative weight, 29%) and gastrointestinal effects (12%). Parecoxib received the highest overall score (93), followed by diclofenac (80), and ketorolac (75). Morphine scored the lowest (57), due to the lack of an opioid sparing effect. When opioid sparing was given a zero rating, parecoxib remained the highest scoring analgesic (93), followed by diclofenac (80), metamizole (76), and morphine (76). Parecoxib remained the most preferred analgesic in several other sensitivity analyses.Conclusion: This MCDA-based assessment suggests that parecoxib has the most favorable efficacy-safety profile among the assessed postoperative analgesics.Keywords: multi-criteria decision analysis, parenteral analgesics, postoperative pain

Pierpaolo Di Micco,1 Gianluca Di Micco,2 Vincenzo Russo,3 Maria Rita Poggiano,1 Ciro Salzano,1 Marijan Bosevski,4 Michele Imparato,1 Luca Fontanella,1 Andrea Fontanella1 1Internal Medicine Department, Emergency Room Unit, Fatebenefratelli Hospital of Naples, Naples, Italy; 2Centro Diagnostico Varelli, Naples, Italy; 3University Cardiology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Skopje, Macedonia; 4Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Monaldi Hospital, Naples 80131, ItalyCorrespondence: Pierpaolo Di Micco Email pdimicco@libero.itAbstract: While waiting for the vaccine and/or the best treatment for COVID19, several drugs have been identified as potential adjuvant drugs to counteract the viral action. Several drugs, in fact, have been suggested for their ancillary antiviral role. Viral proteases and peptidases, may interact with well-known drugs such as anticoagulants, antihypertensives, antiserotoninergics and immunomodulants. We here report a basic list of these drugs that include bioflavonoids, heparinoids, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, antiserotoninergics, and monoclonal antibodies against cytokines that may interact with the viral cycle.Keywords: COVID19, flavonoid, heparin, ace-inhibitors, interleukin, angiotensin receptor blockers

A spectrum of low-frequency (20–30 Hz) amplitude fluctuations of the ultrasonic (10 MHz) signal specularly scattered from water surfaces covered with monomolecular and thicker crude oil origin films of well-defined, oceanographically relevant viscoelastic properties was examined in laboratory and at-sea conditions. The relationship between the surface water wave (30 Hz) damping coefficient and the oil layer thickness was established, and compared to the one predicted by the classical Stokes theory. The depression of the spectral energy density of wind-driven waves by surface films was inferred from the ratio of acoustic signal fluctuations spectra with/without films, and compared to that resulting from the Marangoni damping theory applicable to monolayers of particular surface viscoelasticity. The agreement between the theory and experimental data was satisfactory. As shown in at-sea experiments performed with a free-floating, buoy-like acoustic system, and an artificial oil slick spread over the Baltic Sea surface, the film’s rheological surface properties can be recovered from acoustic surface probing, as well as oil spill edge detection. Simultaneous statistical analyses of the scattered signal amplitude distribution parameters turned out to be unequivocally related to the oil substance fraction weight, oil layer thickness, and the form of oil contamination.

The object of research is a static transformer frequency converter, which can be used to combine parallel-operating power systems having different operating frequencies. The aim of the work is to study operational characteristics and evaluate strategies and laws of the proposed device from the point of view of developing methods and means of power transmission improving quality via electrical communication, containing a frequency converter based on phase-shifting transformer made according to zigzag-triangle scheme and controlled by power keys. In order to achieve the above object, it is proposed to sectionalize control windings providing a 48-position with a discreteness of 2.5 °, and a 24-position with a discreteness of 5 ° switching in each 120 ° sector of "coarse" regulation. Structural-simulation models were built and computational experiments were carried out for electrical communication combining two power systems with frequencies of 60 and 50 Hz and 50 and 49.6 Hz, respectively. The most significant results are: a new circuit version of the frequency converter, various strategies for controlling the conversion process. The two-channel frequency converter allows to reduce by 2 times the number of "coarse" control keys, which switch not after 60°, but after 120°. Also succeeded to reduce the switching step from 5 degrees to 2.5 degrees, which made it possible to improve the conversion quality. The significance of the obtained results is that during regulation the number of keys connected in series in operation remains equal to 4, which can significantly improve the reliability indicators of the control system.

Background While peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity with mortality remaining high and challenging to predict, accurate understanding of serial PAD‐specific health status around the time of diagnosis may prognosticate long‐term mortality risk. Methods and Results Patients with new or worsening PAD symptoms enrolled in the PORTRAIT Registry across 10 US sites from 2011 to 2015 were included. Health status was assessed by the Peripheral Artery Questionnaire (PAQ) Summary score at baseline, 3‐month, and change from baseline to 3‐month follow‐up. Kaplan‐Meier using 3‐month landmark and hierarchical Cox regression models were constructed to assess the association of the PAQ with 5‐year all‐cause mortality. Of the 711 patients (mean age 68.8±9.6 years, 40.9% female, 72.7% white; mean PAQ 47.5±22.0 and 65.9±25.0 at baseline and 3‐month, respectively), 141 (19.8%) died over a median follow‐up of 4.1 years. In unadjusted models, baseline (HR, 0.90 per‐10‐point increment; 95% CI, 0.84–0.97; P=0.008), 3‐month (HR [95% CI], 0.87 [0.82–0.93]; P

Intensification of world agriculture on the basis of scientific and technological achievements improves labour productivity and the living conditions of commodity producers. It is shown that in the agricultural sector alternative agriculture has been formed due to activation of biological processes. The directions of digital transformation of biological agriculture in the south-west of the Central region of the country are studied in the paper. It is established that smart farming technologies are currently being used in the Bryansk region; they are based on the application of geoinformation and satellite systems, as well as equipment monitoring systems. Digital solutions are being introduced in animal husbandry. The areas and specifics of consulting services to economic entities in order to develop biological agriculture are substantiated.

Sensitivity studies of the i process have identified the region around 135I as a bottleneck for the neutron capture flow. Nuclear properties such as the Maxwellian-averaged cross section (MACS) are key to constrain the uncertainties in the final abundance patterns. From the 124Sn(α, pγ)127Sb reaction we are able to indirectly measure the nuclear level density and γ-ray strength function for 127Sb using the Oslo method. From these two quantities we can calculate the MACS for the 126Sb(n, γ)127Sb reaction using the Hauser-Feshbach formalism, constrain its uncertainties and compare it to libraries such as JINA REACLIB, TENDL and BRUSLIB.

This article discusses the application of automated control systems in production. The review of existing management systems in the domestic market in various areas and directions is carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of popular control systems are also analyzed. The dynamics of the impact of the use of automated systems on the activities of enterprises from the point of view of management and economics is estimated. The result of this study is a conclusion about the necessity and inevitability of industrial automation.

This article is devoted to the problem of industrial automation and corporate information systems used in this field. Consumer surveys were conducted on the parameters that characterize information systems. Foreign and domestic information systems were considered, and their comparative analysis was carried out. A number of conclusions on the use of corporate information systems in production management are formulated.

As an object of research in this paper, we use a hydro-mechanical system of high-speed technological equipment with reciprocating movement of the output link on the example of a cyclic perforating press hammer with a force of 1600 kN and a speed of up to 75 working strokes of the slider per minute. The theoretical analysis of the operation of a high-speed hydraulic reciprocating drive for a cyclic press made using a pump-accumulator power source containing one hydraulic accumulator showed that increasing its speed is technically possible, but not economically justified. Additional calculations have shown that the loss of working fluid is actually reduced. As a result, the speed of the hydraulic reciprocating drive increases from 127 to 148 and 157 beats per minute, respectively. But at the same time, its efficiency decreases from 21% to 18% and 16%, respectively. In order to increase the speed of the hydraulic reciprocating drive, it is necessary to make fundamental changes to its scheme aimed at increasing the efficiency factor by reducing unproductive energy costs during operation.