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Industrial-scale testing was performed for fine screen reject recovery technology with a mixed office waste (MOW) pulping line. Results showed that the recovery system removed macrostickies and dirt specks with an efficiency of 95.7% to 98.3% and 51.5% to 76.8%, respectively. These results were not affected by the running consistency (0.26% to 1.44%). The recovery system improved the physical strength of the pulp. Relative to untreated rejects, the tensile index increased 5.1% to 15.2%, the tear index increased 6.6% to 11.4%, and the breaking index increased 6.6% to 25.7%. Running consistency had no obvious effects on tensile strength and tear strength, but bursting strength increased with increasing running consistency (%). The volume energy consumption (y) increased with increasing running consistency (x), and a linear relationship of y = 0.73x + 4.2191 (R² = 0.9466) was observed. The specific energy consumption (y) of the pulp decreased with increasing running consistency (x), and the relationship could be expressed as y = 499.67x-0.906 (R² = 0.9959).

In this study, we prepared a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against metalaxyl (Met) with a half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.54 ng/mL based on a new hapten, and a gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic assay (GICA) was developed for the rapid detection of Met residues in tobacco. Under optimal conditions, even with the naked eye, one can see the semiquantitative analysis results. The naked eye detection limit of Met in tobacco is 25 μg/kg, and the detection threshold is 100 μg/kg. In addition, the cross-reactivity test shows that the mAb has good specificity for Met, and the GICA results have a good correlation with the indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry test results, which show that the method is feasible and reliable and are more convenient and quicker than the methods using instrumentation for detection. Therefore, GICA may provide a useful tool for the rapid screening and detection of Met residues in tobacco.

This paper describes an emerging synthetic route for acetoin production via the anaerobic dehydrogenation of 2,3-butanediol to give a deep understanding of the specific dehydrogenation behavior of diols. Cu/SBA-15-x-T prepared by the ammonia evaporation method was applied to the dehydrogenation of 2,3-butanediol. The results of XRD, FTIR, H2-TPR, XPS, and NH3-TPD characterization verified that the CuO-like phase, with a Cu2+O2− pair, existed in the form of -Si-O-Cu-O-Si- structures in Cu/SBA-15-x-T catalysts. The amounts of the CuO-like phase and Cu0 can be tuned simultaneously by adjusting the synthetic solution alkalinity and reduction temperature to achieve an optimal synergic effect between the CuO-like phase and Cu0 sites. Compared with the catalytic inertness of Cu catalysts prepared by the conventional impregnation method, the resulting Cu/SBA-15-10.0-300 showed superior catalytic performance (reaction rate: 9.90 × 10−3 mol·min−1g−1) in 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenation. Studies on the structure–performance correlation based on the kinetic study revealed that the catalytic activity of Cu/SBA-15-x-T catalysts is attributable to synergic catalysis between the interfacial CuO-like phase and Cu0 sites, which favors the bond cleavage of O-H and α-C-H, respectively.

Until now, the synthesis of new multi-step spin-crossover (SCO) materials is still a great challenge although they have attracted significant attention due to their potential applications in high-order data storage and multi-switches. Here, based on the four-step SCO complex [Fe(dpoda){Ag(CN)2}2]·1.5naph (1·1.5naph, dpoda = 2,5-di-(pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, naph = naphthalene), the strategy of incorporating a substituent on an aromatic guest is applied. Since the replacement of H with an F atom can be regarded as isosteric substitution, the introduction of the 2-fluoronaphthalene (Fnaph) guest does not give rise to large structural changes and the four-step SCO behavior is maintained in 1·1.5Fnaph; however, fine-tuning of the framework is indeed achieved by the fluoro substituent. The spin transition temperatures of 1·1.5Fnaph shift to the low-temperature region, which should be due to the contributions of the size effect and the decrease in the Fe–NC angle. Meanwhile, the thermal hysteresis loop disappears, which results from the competitive contributions of the π⋯π and F⋯Ag interactions. Therefore, the F substituent on the guest can effectively modify the four-step SCO behavior, which provides a simple solution to synthesize more multi-step SCO materials.

The first spin-crossover (SCO) complex with an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite structure (PPN)[Fe{Au(CN)2}3] (1) is reported, which displays three-step SCO behaviour. The light-induced excited spin-state trapping measurement gives T0 = 134 K for a three-dimensional FeL3-type (L = bis-monodentate ligand) SCO complex. Moreover, spin-state dependent fluorescence is observed in 1.

Spin-crossover (SCO) materials with multiple spin states have attracted special interest for their potential applications in multi-switches and high-order data storage. Herein, an unprecedented asymmetric seven-/eight-step SCO behavior is revealed in a three-dimensional Hofmann-type metal–organic framework [Fe(4-abpt){Au(CN)2}2]·2DMF·EtOH (4-abpt = 4-amino-3,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole), which represents the highest step in the SCO field. Moreover, the formation of a molecular alloy by mixing [Au(CN)2]− and [Ag(CN)2]− units is explored as a strategy towards multi-step SCO materials for the first time.

BackgroundNeuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is severe relapsing and disabling autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Its optimal first-line treatment to reduce relapse rate and ameliorate neurological disability remains unclear. We will conduct a prospective, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to study the safety and effectiveness of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC–MSCs) in treating NMOSD.MethodsThe trial is planned to recruit 430 AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD patients. It consists of three consecutive stages. The first stage will be carried out in the leading center only and aims to evaluate the safety of hUC—MSCs. Patients will be treated with three different doses of hUC–MSCs: 1, 2, or 5 × 106 MSC/kg·weight for the low-, medium-, and high-dose group, respectively. The second and third stages will be carried out in six centers. The second stage aims to find the optimal dosage. Patients will be 1:1:1:1 randomized into the low-, medium-, high-dose group and the controlled group. The third stage aims to evaluate the effectiveness. Patients will be 1:1 randomized into the optimal dose and the controlled group. The primary endpoint is the first recurrent time and secondary endpoints are the recurrent times, EDSS scores, MRI lesion numbers, OSIS scores, Hauser walking index, and SF-36 scores. Endpoint events and side effects will be evaluated every 3 months for 2 years.DiscussionAlthough hUC–MSC has shown promising treatment effects of NMOSD in preclinical studies, there is still a lack of well-designed clinical trials to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of hUC–MSC among NMOSD patients. As far as we know, this trial will be the first one to systematically demonstrate the clinical safety and efficacy of hUC–MSC in treating NMOSD and might be able to determine the optimal dose of hUC–MSC for NMOSD patients.Trial registrationThe study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (CHICTR.org.cn) on 2 March 2016 (registration No. ChiCTR-INR-16008037), and the revised trial protocol (Protocol version 1.2.1) was released on 16 March 2020.

Recently, the prevalence of macrolide-resistant Moraxella catarrhalis has been reported, especially among Chinese children. The fitness cost of resistance is reported to render the resistant bacteria less virulent. To investigate the correlation between macrolide susceptibility of M. catarrhalis and pathogenicity, the whole genome of 70 M. catarrhalis isolates belonging to four clonal complexes with different macrolide susceptibilities was sequenced. The gene products were annotated with the Gene Ontology terms. Based on 46 extracted essential virulence genes, 19 representative isolates were selected to infect type II alveolar cells (A549 cells). The ability of these isolates to adhere and invade human epithelial cells and to produce cytokines was comparatively analysed. Furthermore, mice were infected with a pair of M. catarrhalis isolates with different pathogenic behaviours and macrolide susceptibilities to examine pulmonary clearance, histological findings, and the production of cytokines. The percentages of annotations for binding, metabolic process, cellular process, and cell were non-significantly different between the macrolide-resistant and macrolide-susceptible groups. The presence of uspA2, uspA2H, pilO, lbpB, lex1, modM, mboIA, and mboIB significantly differed among the four clonal complexes and macrolide susceptibility groups. Furthermore, compared with those in macrolide-susceptible isolates, the adhesion ability was stronger (P = 0.0019) and the invasion ability was weaker (P < 0.0001) in the macrolide-resistant isolates. Mouse experiments revealed that pulmonary macrophages elicit immune responses against M. catarrhalis infection by significantly upregulating the Csf2, Il4, Il13, Il1b, Il6, Tnf, and Il18. Therefore, M. catarrhalis populations exhibited diverse pathogenicity in vitro and in vivo.

The construction and development of the Industrial Internet provide guidelines and directions for the transformation and upgrading of the current manufacturing industry. Its main behavioral characteristic is the optimization of resource optimization, thus capturing more and more attention. Analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the Internet operation behavior of the textile industry is the key to improving the efficiency of the optimization of resource optimization. Based on colored Petri nets, we have established a behavior model for the textile industry Internet and analyzed its behavior in response to this problem. And based on the state space report of CPN Tools, the correctness of the model is verified by the branch temporal logic ASK-CTL formula and the non-standard state space query method. The accurate behavior model provides a basis for improving resource allocation efficiency in the textile industry.

Background Little is known about advance directives (ADs) and end-of-life (EOL) care preferences among the general population in Mainland China. This study aimed to describe knowledge and attitudes of ADs and EOL care preferences, and to explore factors related to preferences for ADs among Chinese adults. Methods The sample included 1114 adult participants in Wuhan, Mainland China. A brief message including the link to the online survey was sent to local residents who were registered at household registration management centers in Wuhan. The questionnaire included information regarding demographics, self-rated health, views on ADs and EOL care. Bivariate analyses and binary forward logistic regression were conducted to examine factors related to ADs preferences of Chinese adults. Results The average age of the sample was 48.0 years and more than half of the sample was female. 81.8% had never heard of ADs, but 86.6% indicated that they might create one after learning what ADs were. 58% would choose hospice care if they were terminally ill whereas 48.7% of the participants wanted to die at home. 92.3% would want to know their diagnosis and prognosis if ill; however, if their family members were diagnosed with an incurable disease, 50.5% would not tell their ill family member the actual diagnosis and prognosis. Those who had heard of ADs (OR = 1.567, p p p p = 0.001) were more likely to be willing to make an AD than their counterparts. However, those who were single (OR = 0.149, p p = 0.001) were less likely to be willing to make an AD than the married ones. Conclusions Chinese adults showed positive attitudes towards ADs. There is an urgent need to promote more educational initiatives and raise awareness on the importance of ADs. It is important to develop more policies and legislation about ADs to improve the quality of EOL care in Mainland China.

Background: It is essential to assess the quality of life after discharge of children who have had congenital heart disease (CHD) surgery. However, the factors affecting the early quality of life of children after the operation are complex. To identify health-related problems of patients after CHD surgery from October to December 2020 by interviewing their health care providers and encoding these using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health for Children and Youth Vision (ICF-CY) to identify the elements affecting health, as well as to assist health care providers in evaluations and interventions during follow-up. Methods: Fourteen multi-center doctors, nurses, and rehabilitation specialists and 18 parents were interviewed, and the ICF-CY classification system was used for encoding and analysis. Results: Forty-nine unique ICF-CY codes were obtained, including 31 (63.27%) codes of body functions, 4 (8.16%) codes of body structure, 7 (14.29%) codes of activity and participation, and 7 (14.29%) codes of environmental factors. Conclusion: ICF-CY provides a comprehensive method to record the health problems of children after CHD surgery. Based on the findings of this study, we can further develop assessment tools for cardiac rehabilitation, encompassing the heart, immunity, respiration, digestion, metabolism and endocrine system, psychology, and family, and conduct comprehensive management via a multidisciplinary team.

Stable isotope ratios of tree ring can effectively record climate and environmental changes during tree growth and the physiological responses of trees to such changes. Intra-annual high resolution stable isotope ratios of tree ring can provide more detailed climatic and environmental information, reveal the physiological and ecological response mechanism of trees to seasonal climatic variation, and thus with great potential in the study of paleoclimate and global change ecology. Based on the intra-annual high resolution stable isotope ratios related literature since 1990, we reviewed the research progress of intra-annual high resolution tree ring stable isotope records in the aspects of sample stripping method, chemical extraction method of α-cellulose and application, and further proposed the potential and future development direction of intra-annual high resolution tree ring stable isotope records.树轮稳定同位素比率能有效地记录树木生长过程中气候环境变化信息及树木的生理响应机制。年内高分辨率树轮稳定同位素比率则能够提供更为详细的气候环境信息,揭示树木对季节尺度气候环境变化的生理生态响应机制,在古气候和全球变化生态学研究方面显示出巨大的潜力。本文收集了1990年以来发表的树轮年内高分辨率稳定同位素比率研究论文,从样品剥离方法、α-纤维素化学提取方法以及应用等方面综述了其研究进展,展望了年内高分辨率树轮稳定同位素记录研究的潜力和未来发展方向。.

Background: Prolactinomas have harmful effects on human health, and the pathogenesis is still unknown. Furthermore, the morbidity of women is much more than man, maybe related with estradiol level. Thus, it is important to reveal the pathogenesis and develop new therapeutic methods for prolactinomas.Methods: Immunofluorescence analysis or Immunohistochemistry analysis were performed on the ERβ, TLR4 and prolactin (PRL) expressions of pituitary gland in C57BL/6 mice and human prolactinoma specimen. In the present study, the role of TLR4 in prolactinoma was determined using estradiol-induced mice models in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and TLR4−/− mice. MMQ cells were treated with estradiol, fulvestrant, LPS or transfected with different TLR4 small interfering RNA, which to study ERβ, TLR4 and PRL expression in MMQ cells. Co‑immunoprecipitates analysis was used to investigate the interaction between ERβ and TLR4.Results: Immunofluorescence analysis or Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that PRL and TLR4 expression were co-located and increased in the pituitary gland of mice and human prolactinoma specimen compared with the control specimen. It was shown that PRL and TLR4 expression was co-located and increased significantly in the pituitary gland of estradiol-injected prolactinoma mice compared with the control mice. Knockout of TLR4 significantly inhibited tumor overgrowth, and PRL expression was decreased in estradiol-induced mice through regulating TLR4/NF‑κB/p38MAPK pathway. Estradiol promoted PRL expression through regulating TLR4/NF‑κB/p38MAPK pathway in vitro study, and pre-Inhibiting ERβ or TLR4 reverse the effect, while simultaneously activating ERβ and TLR4 enhanced PRL expression than activating single ERβ or TLR4. Furthermore, ERβ co-immunoprecipitates with endogenous TLR4 was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation analysis.Conclusions: These results suggest that estradiol promoted prolactinoma development by activating the TLR4/NF‑κB/ p38MAPK pathway through Erβ and TLR4 knockout inhibited the proliferation and secretion of prolactin in prolactinoma.

The global massive consumption of disposable face masks driven by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a blooming disaster to both the land and marine environment that might last for generations. Growing public concerns have been raised over the management and control of this new form of plastic pollution, and one of the proposed sustainable solution is to use renewable and/or biodegradable resources to develop mask materials in order to minimize their environmental impacts. As a representative biodegradable polymer, polylactic acid (PLA) has been proposed as a promising candidate to produce non-woven face masks instead of those fossil-based polymers. To further explore the feasibility of this alternative mask material, the present work aims to study both the hydrolytic and bio-degradation behaviors of pure PLA-derived 3-ply disposable face masks at ambient temperature. Hydrolytic degradability was investigated at different pH conditions of 2, 7 and 13 with the whole piece of face mask soaked for regular timed intervals up to 8 weeks. Weight loss study showed neutral and acidic conditions had minimal effect on PLA masks, but rapid degradation occurred under basic conditions in the first week with a sharp 25% decrease in weight that slowly tapered off, coupled with solution pH dropping from 13 to 9.6. This trend was supported by mechanical property, bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) and particulate filtration efficiency (PFE) studies. Masks soaked in basic conditions had their modulus and tensile strength dropped by more than 50% after 8 weeks where the middle layer reached 68% and 90% respectively just after 48 h, and BFE and PFE decreased by 14% and 43% respectively after 4 weeks, which was much more significant than those in neutral and acidic conditions. Base degradation was also supported by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR), which disclosed that only the middle layer undergo major degradation with random chain scission and cleavage of enol or enolate chain ends, while outer and inner layers were much less affected. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) attributed this observation to thinner PLA fibers for the middle layer of 3–7 μm diameter, which on average is 3 times smaller. This degradation was further supported by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) which saw an increase in lower molecular weight fragment Mw ~ 800 Da with soaking duration. The biodegradation behavior was studied under OECD 301F specification in sewage sludge environment. Similarly, degradation to the middle meltblown layer was more extensive, where the average weight loss and carbon loss was 25.8% and 25.7% respectively, double that of outer/inner spunbond layer. The results showed that the face masks did not completely disintegrate after 8 weeks, but small solubilized fragments of PLA formed in the biodegradation process can be completely mineralized into carbon dioxide without generation of secondary microplastic pollution in the environment. PLA masks are therefore a slightly greener option to consider in times of a pandemic that the world was caught unprepared; however future research on masks could be geared towards a higher degradability material that fully breaks down into non-harmful components while maintaining durability, filtration and protection properties for users., Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image

This paper systematically analyzes the impact mechanism of bank competition on stability. We select the balanced panel data of 4,631 non-failure banks from 2002 to 2017 released by FDIC to do the estimation and then make an appraisal on bank competition with Lerner index and two kinds of Z-score to measure bank stability respectively. The 2SLS with fixed effect is applied for estimation. Our results suggest that: (1) Competition is a living environment for all industries and bank competition mainly affects stability through franchise value, the cost of borrowing and operating behavior. (2)According to the overall regression, we find that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between bank competition and stability with an inflection point where the Lerner index is about 0.35. Generally, the US banking industry has always been in a state of excessive competition during the observed period. The further analysis of 3 stages indicates that excessive bank competition, an 'invisible hand', may be one of the most important factors triggering the financial crisis. (3) According to the regression on regions, the inverted U-shaped relationship between bank competition and stability is also existing and the inflection point of Lerner index is between 0.3 and 0.37. However, there is also some regional heterogeneity in terms of the degree of competition, the level of stability and the ability to resist risks and maintain stability when facing competition. This paper may help financial regulators and commercial banks formulate differentiate regulatory policies and business strategies so that banks can control risks better and enhance stability in different competitive environments.

With the continuous occurrence of natural disasters, natural hazard triggered technological accident (Natech) risks also follow. At present, many countries have performed much research on Natech risks. However, there is still a lack of Natech research at the regional or watershed level in China. The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) is not only an industrially intensive development area but also an area with frequent natural disasters. In this study, we selected the YREB as a typical case to study the Natech risk triggered by floods, geological disasters, and typhoons at the regional or watershed level. Four types of risk indicators representing risk sources, natural hazard factors, control levels, and vulnerabilities were developed to assess the spatial patterns of the Natech risks of the YREB. The results show that the Natech risk triggered by floods and typhoons is more serious in eastern area and central area than in western zone and that the Natech risk triggered by geological disasters is more serious in the west part. Approximately 7.85% of the areas are at relatively high-risk and above the Natech risk level based on the comprehensive assessment of three types of Natech risks. The combined population of these areas accounts for approximately 15.67% of the whole YREB, and the combined GDP accounts for approximately 25.41%. It can be predicted that the occurrence of Natech risks in these areas will cause serious harm to both the people and the economy. This work will provide the basis and key management direction for Natech risk management in the YREB.

Background: For pregnant women who develop complications during the third trimester of pregnancy, or who have not given birth naturally after more than 41 weeks of pregnancy, artificial induction of labor is needed in order to obtain a healthy outcome for both the mother and the child. The 2014 edition of the Guidelines for Promoting Cervical Maturation and Delivery in Late Pregnancy point out that the use of COOK cervical ripening balloons to mechanically dilate the cervix can be used in the third trimester to promote cervical ripening and labor induction [1]. The disadvantage is the risk of infection, premature rupture of membranes, and umbilical cord prolapse [2]. The safety of balloon induction for pregnant women colonized by group B streptococcus (GBS) is currently lacking in multi-center clinical research data. This article will study the safety of COOK double balloon induction in pregnant women colonized by GBS.Methods: A total of 1,681 pregnant women who used COOK double balloons for cervical ripening in Changsha Maternity and Child Health Hospital from September 2018 to September 2020 were selected as the research subjects, from which 125 cases with colonization of group B streptococcus in the reproductive tract were selected as the observation group. Pregnant women without group B streptococcus colonization (N = 1556) served as the control group. This study compares the two groups’ delivery methods, postpartum complications, and neonatal conditions. Results: The rate of transition to cesarean section in the observation group was slightly higher, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.049). The rate of postpartum hemorrhage was higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Although chorioamnionitis increased compared to the control group, the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). The comparison of newborn birth indicators between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusion: When pregnant women with colonization of group B streptococcus of the genital tract use the COOK double balloon to promote cervical ripening, the success rate of labor induction is high. Use of the balloon does not increase the cesarean section rate and the incidence of chorioamnionitis, nor does it increase the risk of neonatal infection. However, the risk of postpartum hemorrhage increases, and it is necessary to take active measures to reduce this risk.

Macrophage plays a critical part in host defense, tissue repair, and anti-inflammation; Macrophage reprogramming is responsible for disease development or regression. We aimed to clarify the effect of sinomenine-4-hydroxy-palmitate (C16), on macrophage reprogramming and anti-inflammatory in endotoxemia model. According to a structure modification of SIN (Sinomenine), C16 was found. Then, based on the endotoxin model, the mice liver and kidney toxicity was evaluated and serum cytokines level of IL-6 (Interleukin-6), TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor-α), and IL-1β (Interleukin-1β) were measured by ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Then, we confirmed the effect of C16 on macrophages reprogramming, we used the flow cytometry to test the effect of C16 on macrophages apoptosis in vitro. Then, iNOS (Inducible nitric oxide synthase), M1-type related cytokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and M2-type related cytokines, such as Arg-1 (Arginase-1), CD206, Fizz1, and Ym1 was detected, which expressed in ANA-1 and primary peritoneal macrophages. To further explore the molecular mechanism of C16 in reprogramming of macrophages from M1 toward M2 phenotype, the expression of STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of Transcription 1), STAT3, ERK1/2 (extracellular signal regulated kinase1/2), AKT, p38, and its corresponding phosphorylation were determined by western blot. Our results demonstrated that C16 improved the survival rate of LPS- (lipopolysaccharide) challenged mice and decreased the inflammatory cytokines expression; After C16 treatment, the expression of M1 phenotype correlation factors decreased significantly, while the expression of M2 phenotype correlation factors increased significantly at different levels compared with normal group. It indicated that C16 reprogram macrophages phenotype from M1 toward M2 following LPS stimulus. Furthermore, the results also showed that C16 showed anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting LPS-induced p38, AKT and STAT1 phosphorylation and contributing ERK1/2 activation. C16 promoted macrophage reprogramming toward M2-like phenotype via p-p38/p-AKT or STAT1 signals pathway and C16 might be a valid candidate for inflammatory disease.

The nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (NSCDs) were synthesized using cysteine as precursor by hydrothermal approach, which showed good aqueous solubility, high fluorescent quantum yield (QY = 38.7%) and good photostability. The experiments with cells demonstrated that NSCDs possessed excellent biocompatibility and their cytotoxicity was low (cell viability ≥90%) in both normal and cancer cell lines. Furthermore, NSCDs as fluorescent probes could be used for the imaging of cells, which showed a good membrane permeability and strong resistance to photobleaching. In addition, the cellular uptake of NSCDs presented a time-dependent saturation. The imaging applicability of NSCDs in different cancer cells (MCF-7, A375, Hela and U251 cells) has also been demonstrated. Therefore, NSCDs are considered as promising candidates for the design of low cytotoxicity bioimaging agents and a cellular location system based on fluorescence measurements.

Background Human-use probiotics have recently been associated with clinical infections and antibiotic resistance transfer, raising public concern over their safety. However, despite their extensive application in aquaculture and animal husbandry, the safety of animal-use probiotics remains poorly described. Methods We evaluated the safety of 92 animal-use probiotics from China. The pattern of spread of pathogens from probiotics and the consequent public health implications were also examined by conducting in-field genomic surveillance at 2 farms. Results A total of 123 probiotic Bacillus species isolates were obtained from 92 brands of probiotics, of which 45 isolates were resistant to antibiotics. Notably, 33.7% of probiotic products were contaminated with life-threatening pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae. Genomic surveillance at a chicken farm identified an anthrax toxin–positive Bacillus cereus strain in a probiotic product used as a feed supplement, which was transferred into the groundwater and to a nearby fish farm. Following up retrospective analysis of the surveillance data during 2015–2018 in 3 provinces retrieved 2 B. cereus strains from human with intestinal anthrax symptoms and confirmed the transmission of B. cereus from farm to human. Surveillance of anthrax toxin revealed that cya was detected in 8 of 31 farms. Conclusions This study provides the first national safety survey of animal-use probiotics in China and confirms the spillover effects of probiotics from the farms to human. These results suggest that the large-scale application of pathogen-containing probiotics leads to the transfer of pathogens, with worrisome implications for public health. Good Manufacturing Practice should be implemented during the production of all probiotics. Animal-use probiotic products are frequently contaminated with viable pathogenic bacteria. This study revealed that virulent probiotic organisms and contaminating pathogens were colonized with farm animals and shed into the environment, which facilitated the transfer of pathogens to humans.

Aim. Patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) have at least 60% probability of having an autoimmune extrahepatic condition, with the most common being Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). The impacts of SS on the response and outcomes in ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)-treated patients with PBC, however, remain unclear. The aim of this study was to document the biochemical responses and clinical outcomes of UDCA-treated patients with concomitant SS and to compare the findings to those of patients with PBC alone. Methods. Data from consecutive patients with PBC who visited West China Hospital affiliated with Sichuan University between October 2013 and October 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. Results. The study populations consisted of 226 patients with PBC alone and 56 with PBC/SS. The median ages, proportions of female patients, Fib-4 scores, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/platelet ratio index (APRI) at baseline in the two cohorts were similar. At presentation, patients with PBC/SS had higher serum IgG levels and positive rates for serum antinuclear antibody (ANA) than patients with PBC alone (all P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the rate of biochemical response to UDCA at 1 year in the PBC/SS and PBC alone groups. The UK-PBC risk scores and GLOBE scores in UDCA-treated patients in the two cohorts were also similar. During the follow-up period, the differences in the liver enzyme levels, Fib-4 scores, APRI, and incidence of liver-related adverse events were not significant. Conclusions. The results of this retrospective, single-center study suggest that the response and clinical outcomes of UDCA-treated patients with PBC are not adversely affected by concomitant SS.

In 2016, our group first reported a single-ion magnet (SIM) [Dy(bbpen)Br] (H2bbpen = N,N′‑bis(2‑hydroxybenzyl)‑N,N′‑bis(2‑methylpyridyl)ethylenediamine) with the highest effective energy barrier (Ueff) over 1000 K. To explore further for the high performance single-ion magnets (SIMs), we used functional ligand to replace the Br− anion. The H2bbpen and 4′‑(1,2,2‑triphenylvinyl)benzoic acid (tpe-COOH) ligand with aggregation-induced-emission-active (AIE) property, formed a triangular dodecahedral SIM, [Dy(bbpen)(tpe-COOH)]⋅2MeOH. The structural, magnetic and luminescent properties of the SIM have been investigated. Related to its lower local symmetry around Dy(III) ion, the Ueff was sharply reduced to 77 K under an external dc field of 0.15 T. Therefore, it proved the importance of local symmetry to get the high performance SIMs from the opposite side.

Introduction: Standard advance care planning practice is yet to be established in Mainland, China, and little is known about feeding tube preferences among Chinese nursing home residents. The purpose of the study was to examine preferences for feeding tube use and its predictors among frail and cognitively competent nursing home residents in Wuhan, China. Method: A cross-sectional sample of 682 nursing home residents were interviewed face-to-face using a structured questionnaire from 2012 to 2014. Results: A total of 54.5% of participants would accept feeding tube. Participants who reported greater quality of life (odds ratio [OR] = 2.67), having health insurance (OR = 2.09) were more willing to accept feeding tube. Participants with greater impairment in physical health (OR = 0.94) were less willing to accept it. Discussion: Health care professionals need to routinely assess nursing home residents’ feeding tube preferences. It is imperative to consider sociocultural perspectives in understanding Chinese older adults’ decision making for end-of-life care.

Anthropogenic activity-mediated nutrient pollution, especially nitrogen enrichment, poses one of the major threats to river ecosystems. However, it remains unclear how and to which extent it affects aquatic microbial communities, especially in heavily polluted rivers. In this study, a significant environmental gradient, particularly nitrogen gradient, was observed along a wastewater receiving river, the North Canal River (NCR). The pollution level was highest, moderate, and lowest in the up-, middle, and down-streams, respectively. The community composition of bacterioplankton transitioned from being Betaproteobacteria-dominated upstream to Gammaproteobacteria-dominated downstream. Copiotrophic groups, such as Polynucleobacter (Betaproteobacteria) and Hydrogenophaga (Betaproteobacteria), were dominant in the upstream. Multiple statistical analyses indicated that total nitrogen (TN) was the most important factor driving the adaptive shifts of community structure. Analyses of co-occurrence networks showed that the complexity of networks was disrupted in the up- and middle streams, while enhanced in the downstream. Our findings here suggested that microbial interactions were reduced in response to the aggravation of nutrient pollution. Similar to these changes, we observed significant dissimilarity of composition of functional groups, with highest abundance of nitrogen metabolism members under the highest level of nitrogen enrichment. Further analyses indicated that most of these functional groups belonged to Betaproteobacteria, suggesting the potential coupling of community composition and function diversity. In summary, adaptive shifts of bacterioplankton community composition, as well as species interactions, occurred in response to nutrient pollution in highly polluted water bodies.

This study reports the first modulation of spin-crossover (SCO) behavior via a photochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. Here we construct two no-solvent Fe(II)–Ag(I) bimetallic Hofmann-type frameworks, [Fe(4-spy)2{Ag(CN)2}2] (1) and [Fe(2,4-bpe)2{Ag(CN)2}2] (2) (4-spy = 4-styrylpyridine, 2,4-bpe = trans-1-(2-pyridyl)-2-(4-pyridyl)ethylene). For 1, the dimerization of 4-spy results in a single-crystal to single-crystal (SCSC) transformation from 2D interdigitated layers to a 3D interpenetrated structure. Additionally, a 3D → 3D structural transformation accompanied with Ag(I)–N bond breaking is achieved via the photochemical cycloaddition reaction of 2,4-bpe in 2. More importantly, both the spin transition temperatures and the SCO character are effectively modulated; thus, this approach provides a new strategy for constructing photo-responsive SCO magnetic materials.

A new Hofmann-type metal–organic framework with bent pillar ligand, [Fe(dpoda){Ag(CN)2}2] (dpoda = 2,5-di-(pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole), was synthesized. Four-, two- and one-step spin-crossover (SCO) properties were obtained by using different sizes of aromatic guests. Most importantly, hysteretic four-step SCO behaviour with the sequence of LS ↔ HS0.25LS0.75 ↔ HS0.5LS0.5 ↔ HS0.67LS0.33 ↔ HS is observed for the first time.

High-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays are powerful tools for genetic studies and genomic breeding applications for many species. Though large numbers of SNPs have been identified in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus), but, as yet, no high-throughput genotyping platform is available for this species. In this study, we designed and developed a high-throughput 24 K SNP genotyping array named HaishenSNP24K for A. japonicus, based on the multi-objective-local optimization (MOLO) algorithm and HD-Marker genotyping method. The SNP array exhibited a relatively high genotyping call rate (96%), genotyping accuracy (95%) and exhibited highly polymorphic in sea cucumber populations. In addition, we also assessed its application in genomic selection (GS). Deep neural networks (DNN) that can capture the complicated interactions of genes have been proposed as a promising tool in GS for SNP-based genomic prediction of complex traits in animal breeding. To overcome the problem of over-fitting when using the HaishenSNP24K array as high-dimensional DNN input, we developed minmax concave penalty (MCP) regularization for sparse deep neural networks (DNN-MCP) that finds an optimal sparse structure of a DNN by minimizing the square error subject to the non-convex penalty MCP on the parameters (weights and biases). Compared to two linear models, namely RR-GBLUP and Bayes B, and the nonlinear model DNN, DNN-MCP has greatly improved the genomic prediction ability for three quantitative traits (e.g., wet weight, dry weight and survival time) in the sea cucumber population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to develop a high-throughput SNP array for A. japonicus and a new model DNN-MCP for genomic prediction of complex traits in GS. The present results provide evidence that supports the HaishenSNP24K array with DNN-MCP will be valuable for genetic studies and molecular breeding in A. japonicus.

2646 Background: IBI319 is a recombinant fully human anti-CD137/PD-1 bispecific antibody. In preclinical studies, IBI319 demonstrated a better anti-tumor efficacy and safety. Here we report the initial results from the first-in-human study of IBI319 in patients with advanced malignancies. Methods: Enrolled patients (pts), ECOG PS ≤ 1, had advanced solid tumors or hematological malignancies and failed standard treatment. This phase 1 monotherapy dose-escalation includes accelerated titration (0.03 and 0.1mg/kg) and conventional 3+3 dose escalation (0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 10.0 mg/kg). IBI319 is administered intravenously every 14 days after dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) evaluation. Objectives include evaluation of safety, DLT, pharmacokinetic (PK) and antitumor activity. Adverse events (AEs) were reported per CTCAE v5.0 and DLTs evaluated within a 28-day window. Results: At cutoff date of February 10, 2022, 21 pts were enrolled (median age 55 years; 81.0% male; 19.1% ECOG PS 1; 52.4% advanced solid tumors). The following dose levels have been evaluated; 0.03 mg; 0.1 mg; 0.3 mg; 1 mg; 3 mg and 6 mg. Dose escalation is ongoing. The maximum tolerated dose has not been reached. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was reported in 15 out of 21 (71.4%) pts, among which 1 pts had back pain and nausea of grade 3. The most common TEAEs ( > 10%) were interleukin level increased (6 pts, 28.6%) and C-reactive protein increased (3 pts, 14.3%). Eleven pts (52.4%) experienced treatment-related AEs; none were grade 3 or higher. The most common TRAEs ( > 10%) were interleukin level increased (6 pts, 28.6%) and C-reactive protein increased (3 pts, 14.3%). Importantly, no drug-related elevations in transaminases (ALT, AST) or bilirubin have been seen. No DLT was observed. PK analysis of IBI319 demonstrated consistent exposure with linear PK. For 14 evaluable pts, 1 classical Hodgkin lymphoma patient achieved PR as best response. Conclusions: IBI319 demonstrates good tolerability in patients with advanced solid tumors or hematological malignancies, with a safety profile characterized by a lack of hepatotoxicity frequently observed with CD137-targeting antibodies. Clinical trial information: NCT04708210.

IntroductionCurrently, various guidelines and documents on the prevention of pressure injuries have been published, but there are many serious lags in the actual practice in nursing homes. So some interventions are required to promote the implementation of normative practices. There was a review of preventive interventions for pressure injuries in long-term care facilities, but there is no systematic review of how to promote the implementation of preventive measures. This review aims to summarise interventions that promote the implementation of pressure injuries prevention measures in nursing homes, explore the research scope and gaps in this field and provide evidence and striving direction for global nursing homes to improve existing preventive behaviours.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will combine the Arksey and O’Malley framework with further clarification and advice of the scoping review by Levac et al as methodological guidance. Systematic retrieval of relevant literature databases, grey literature and references included studies will be conducted. Two reviewers will screen titles and abstracts independently, and then screen the full text of potentially relevant articles to determine final inclusion. After that, two reviewers will extract data based on a predesigned data extraction table independently. Inductive analysis and narrative analysis will be used to collate, summarise and report the results. Finally, managers of nursing homes in China will be consulted for additional information and their viewpoints on the research findings.Ethics and disseminationSince the scoping review is a secondary analysis of the literature, there is no need to apply for ethical approval. Our goal is to share the results with key stakeholders to help them find the direction of effort and improve clinical practice. Therefore, dissemination plans include publication in international journals and sharing it at conferences to inform more healthcare workers about the scope and gaps of the studies.

Through the use of a flexible ligand 1,1′-bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolate)methane (H2bdpm), a K-encapsulated Preyssler-based complex, [Cu4(H2bdpm)4(H2O)10(H6KP5W30O110)]·2(H2bdpm)·14H2O, has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the complex contains rare K-encapsulated Preyssler anions, which are linked by binuclear cyclic clusters [Cu2(H2bdpm)2]4+ to form a 1D chain. Adjacent chains are further connected by abundant intermolecular forces to construct a 2D supramolecular framework. The photocatalytic and electrochemical properties of the complex have been investigated. (1) The Preyssler-based POM-TMCs are rarely reported. (2) The K-encapsulated Preyssler anion is uncommonly observed in Preyssler-based compound. (3) Preyssler anions are linked by binuclear CuII clusters to form a 1D chain. (4) Compound 1 exhibits photocatalytic and electrochemical properties.

It is recognized that the history of a nation is not only the study of the dynamics of dynasties represented by individual rulers but the study of social and economic aspects of different rural and urban, religious groups of the Hindus, the Buddhists and the Muslims, customs and traditions, living standard and style of the agricultural and mercantile occupations, and artisans and craftsmen of different professions as a whole. This thesis would focus on the regulations and religions to study the influence of the great kings in India, especially the Akbar the Great who led the Mughal Dynasty to prosperity and the Ashoka the Great who not only led the Maurya Dynasty to prosperity, but also promoted the Buddhism all over the world.

A novel mycelium-forming actinomycete strain, designated YIM S01255T were isolated from a salt lake. Optimal growth occurred in the presence of 0–5.0% (w/v) NaCl, at pH 7.0–8.0, and at 37 °C. Strain YIM S01255T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and glucose, galactose and arabinose as the whole-cell sugars. The major fatty acid (> 5.0%) were iso-C16:0, iso-C16:1H and iso-C15:0. The major menaquinone were MK-9(H4) and MK-8(H4). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositolmannoside and phosphatidylinositol. The DNA G + C content was 70.7 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain showed high similarity to members of genera in the family Pseudonocardiaceae with values less than 95.8%, and most closely related to the genus Amycolatopsis. Both of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the up-to-date bacterial genome sequences analysis revealed that strains YIM S01255T and Prauserella shujinwangii XJ46T formed a distinct monophyletic clade and was separated from the other members within the family Pseudonocardiaceae. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) between the two strains were 81.0% and 40.6%, respectively. The distinctive polyphasic evidences differentiated YIM S01255T from members of the family Pseudonocardiaceae, so strain YIM S01255T is considered to represent a novel species of a novel genus of the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Qaidamihabitans albus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of genus Qaidamihabitans is YIM S01255T (= KCTC 49476T = CGMCC 4.7684T). Moreover, Prauserella shujinwangii is also proposed to being transferred into the genus Qaidamihabitans as Qaidamihabitans shujinwangii comb. nov. (type strain XJ46T = CGMCC 4.7125T = JCM 19736T).

Two new two-dimensional (2D) coordination polymers, [Fe

A pathogen was isolated from diseased pink-tailed chalceus Chalceus macrolepidotus during a high-mortality outbreak in a freshwater culture farm in Liaoyang, China. The diseased fish were characterized by disoriented behaviors, exophthalmos, and redness and swelling of the top of the head. A Gram-negative, pure strain of bacteria (CM0428) was isolated from the brain, kidney, and liver. The isolate was identified as Vibrio cholerae based on ompW gene amplification and 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis. Serogroup testing indicated that CM0428 was a non-O1/O139 strain of V. cholerae. The challenge test showed that CM0428 exhibited strong virulence to pink-tailed chalceus, and hlyA and toxR virulence-related genes were detected. The isolate was sensitive to multi-class antibiotics, but resistant to tetracycline. Histological examination revealed that V. cholerae CM0428 infection caused multiple organ and tissue lesions, and typical pathological features were cell degeneration and necrosis.

The factors affecting the tightness of passenger compartment doors of high-speed trains during operation are analyzed. And some related components are optimized based on sliding plug doors of metros. The method of improving the rubber strip are proposed through the force of the door leaf. ANSYS software is used to simulate the two status of the improved door system under different running conditions, which aims to obtain the maximum deformation and the position of the door leaf, the maximum stress value and the position of the door frame; The result is that the minimum safety factor meets the requirements. The air tightness and strength test are carried out to verify whether the actual product is licensed.

Detailed mapping of landfast ice deformation can be used to characterize the rheological behavior of landfast ice effectively and to improve sea ice modeling subsequently. In order to analyze the characteristics, trends and causes of deformation comprehensively and accurately, the Sentinel-1A ascending and descending orbits data were used to detect the horizontal and vertical deformation of the fast ice in the Baltic Sea. Firstly, the fast ice edge lines were acquired through feature extraction with interferometric coherence images and SAR amplitude images. Then, the deformation transformed model was constructed according to the geometric relationship of multi-orbits deformation measurements. Finally, the landfast ice deformations were resolved and the horizontal and vertical deformations were obtained. The results showed that the maximum deformation was&mdash, 44 cm in horizontal direction and 16 cm in vertical direction within the fast ice region of 960 km2 during the time from 2 to 16 February 2018. The southwest wind was the principal reason for the deformation, which made the deformation mainly occur in the horizontal direction from east to west. Moreover, the inner fast ice kept stable due to the protection of outer consolidated ice. The results showed that the deformation trend and characteristics can be better understood by using InSAR technology that was combined with multi-orbits SAR data to resolve and analyze the landfast ice deformation.

Objectives To explore the compliance of end-of-life (EOL) care preferences, and the facilitators and barriers of promoting quality of EOL care among older adults. Design A scoping review was used to identify key themes in the compliance of EOL care preferences among older adults. Setting and participants Studies published between 2009 and 2020 were identified from the Medline and Cochrane libraries. Eligible articles containing components related to the compliance of EOL care preferences among older adults were selected. Measures The eligible articles were thematically synthesized. Factors that affected the compliance of EOL care preferences among older adults were identified from the key components. Results In total, 35 articles were included to identify the key components in the compliance of EOL care preferences: (1) supportive policy, (2) supportive environment, (3) cultural characteristics, (4) advance care planning (ACP), (5) the concordance of EOL care preferences between patients and surrogate decision makers, (6) prognosis awareness, and (7) patient's health status and the type of disease. Facilitators for the compliance of EOL care preferences included enactment of relevant policy, sufficient care institutions, the utilization of ACP, and poor health status. Barriers included lack of supportive policy, different culture, and low utilization of ACP. Conclusions/Implications The compliance of EOL care preferences was low among older adults. The compliance of EOL care preferences can be improved through relevant policy development and the utilization of ACP.