304 results on '"Piltonen T"'
Search Results
102. The association between blood copper concentration and biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease risk:analysis of 206 individuals in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966
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Palaniswamy, S. (Saranya), Piltonen, T. (Terhi), Koiranen, M. (Markku), Mazej, D. (Darja), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Abass, K. (Khaled), Rautio, A. (Arja), and Sebert, S. (Sylvain)
- Subjects
Young adult ,Metabolomics ,Inflammatory biomarkers ,Metabolic profile ,Cardiovascular disease risk ,Copper - Abstract
Background: Copper is an abundant trace element in humans where alterations in the circulating concentration could inform on chronic disease aetiology. To date, data are lacking to study how copper may associate with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in young and healthy population. Molecular evidence suggests an important role of copper in liver metabolism, an essential organ in maintaining cardiovascular health and inflammation, therefore supporting copper as an associated biomarker of the risk. Objective: We performed a cross-sectional analysis to examine the possible associations between blood copper levels and risk factors for CVD and pre-inflammatory process. Design: The data has been collected from a sub-sample set of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) at 31 years. Participants: The study included 206 individuals, 116 men and 90 women. To reduce environmental individual variations affecting both copper and the metabolic profile in the study sample, the participants were selected as: i) being born in Finnish Lapland and ii) living in their birth place for the last five years preceding blood sampling. Main outcome measures: Fasting blood copper concentration was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The CVD risk factors included 6 metabolic clusters (30 cardiovascular and pro-inflammatory factors) assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to test the linear association between blood copper and 6 metabolic clusters for CVD risk. Associations were assessed under correction for multiple testing. Results: Copper (Cu) levels were comparable in men and women, with no difference between sexes (p-value
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- 2018
103. The long-term footprint of endometriosis:population-based cohort analysis reveals increased pain symptoms and decreased pain tolerance at age 46 years
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Vuontisjärvi, S. (Saara), Rossi, H.-R. (Henna-Riikka), Herrala, S. (Sauli), Morin-Papunen, L. (Laure), Tapanainen, J. S. (Juha S.), Karjula, S. (Salla), Karppinen, J. (Jaro), Auvinen, J. (Juha), and Piltonen, T. T. (Terhi T.)
- Subjects
endometriosis ,premenopause ,pain threshold ,pain tolerance - Abstract
Previous studies have shown increased pain sensitivity in fertile-aged women with endometriosis in response to mechanical stimuli. As yet, population-based studies on the association of endometriosis with pain sensation and pain symptoms in late fertile age are lacking. The main objective of this population-based cohort study was to investigate whether a history of endometriosis is associated with altered pain sensation and musculoskeletal pain symptoms at age 46 years. Our data are derived from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, which contains postal questionnaire data (72% response rate) as well as clinical data assessing pressure-pain threshold and maximal pain tolerance. The study population consisted of 284 women with endometriosis and 3,390 controls. Our results showed that at age 46 women with a history of endometriosis had a 5.3% lower pressure-pain threshold and 5.1% lower maximal pain tolerance compared with controls. The most significant contributors besides endometriosis were anxiety, depression, and current smoking status. Women with endometriosis also reported an increased number of pain sites (0 pain sites, 9.6 vs 17.9%; 5–8 pain sites, 24.8 vs 19.1%, endometriosis vs controls respectively; P
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- 2018
104. Pregnancy outcomes in women with and without PCOS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.
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Joham A., Khomami M.B., Moran L., Teede H., Ranasinha S., Piltonen T., Boyle J., Misso M., Silagy M., Arora C., Joham A., Khomami M.B., Moran L., Teede H., Ranasinha S., Piltonen T., Boyle J., Misso M., Silagy M., and Arora C.
- Abstract
Introduction While a number of studies have reported increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), these have not been designed considering the impact of body mass index (BMI) as an important contributor to both PCOS severity and pregnancy outcomes. We therefore aimed to explore the impact of BMI on adverse pregnancy outcomes in PCOS. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in Medline, Medline in-process and other non-indexed citations, EMBASE and all EBM reviews. Prospective studies reporting pregnancy outcomes including miscarriage, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, small and large for gestational age birth in women with and without PCOS, until 4th April 2017, were identified as eligible for inclusion. Data were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and analyzed using the random effect model for meta-analysis. Results Out of a total of 4292 identified articles, 24 prospective studies were included in the meta-analysis. Women with PCOS showed higher risk for miscarriage (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.74-4.65), gestational diabetes (OR 3.04, 95% CI 2.26-4.10), gestational hypertension (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.71-2.95), pre-eclampsia (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.32-2.74), preterm birth (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.09- 2.08) but similar risk for small for gestational age birth (OR 1.56, 95% CI 0.76-3.21) and large for gestational age birth (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.90-1.58), compared to women without PCOS. On subgroup analysis by BMI-matched studies, this higher risk was maintained for miscarriage (OR: 4.00, 95% CI 2.59-6.18) and gestational diabetes (OR: 4.94, 95% CI 1.06-23.08), but not for gestational hypertension (OR: 2.50, 95% CI 0.69-9.05), preeclampsia (OR: 2.61, 95% CI 0.55-12.34) and preterm birth (OR: 1.64, 95% CI 0.61-4.41). The risks became significant for small for gestational age birth (OR: 4.52, 95% CI 1.92-10.61) and large for gestational age birth (OR: 1.99, 95% CI 1.05-3.77) in BMI-matc
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- 2018
105. Knowledge and Practices Regarding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome among Physicians in Europe, North America, and Internationally: An Online Questionnaire-Based Study.
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Piltonen T., Teede H.J., Gibson-Helm M., Dokras A., Karro H., Piltonen T., Teede H.J., Gibson-Helm M., Dokras A., and Karro H.
- Abstract
Background To inform knowledge translation by identifying evidence-practice gaps in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) care and variations between disciplines and across world regions via an online, anonymous, devised questionnaire distributed via professional societies and completed by 1,495 physicians (2015-2016). Methods Multivariable logistic regression analyses generated adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between outcome measures and world region, specialty, annual patients with PCOS, age, and sex. Results Features corresponding to Rotterdam diagnostic criteria were well recognized (e.g., irregular menstrual cycles by 99% of physicians), but psychological implications were recognized only by 29 to 64%. Reproductive endocrinologists were more likely to use Rotterdam diagnostic criteria (OR: 3.1; 95% CI: 2.3-4.3; p < 0.007) than obstetrician-gynecologists. Reproductive (OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.5-2.8; p < 0.007) and medical endocrinologists (OR: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.7-5.7; p < 0.007) were more likely to recommend lifestyle management than obstetrician-gynecologists. Physicians in Europe (OR: 4.7; 95% CI: 3.5-6.1; p < 0.007) and other regions (OR: 4.0; 95% CI: 2.8-5.9; p < 0.007) were more likely to use Rotterdam diagnostic criteria than physicians in North America. Conclusion Knowledge gaps in PCOS care to be addressed internationally include physician awareness of the breadth of PCOS features, application of diagnostic criteria, and recommending lifestyle management effectively.Copyright © 2018 Georg Thieme Verlag. All rights reserved.
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- 2018
106. Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Tapanainen J.S., Witchel S., Woolcock J., Yildiz B.O., Rombauts L., Mol B.W., Mansfield D., Joham A., Teede H.J., Misso M.L., Costello M.F., Dokras A., Laven J., Moran L., Piltonen T., Norman R.J., Andersen M., Azziz R., Balen A., Baye E., Boyle J., Brennan L., Broekmans F., Dabadghao P., Devoto L., Dewailly D., Downes L., Fauser B., Franks S., Garad R.M., Gibson-Helm M., Harrison C., Hart R., Hawkes R., Hirschberg A., Hoeger K., Hohmann F., Hohmann H., Vet D., Hutchison S., Johnson L., Jordan C., Kulkarni J., Legro R.S., Li R., Lujan M., Malhotra J., Marsh K., McAllister V., Mocanu E., Ng E., Oberfield S., Ottey S., Pena A., Qiao J., Redman L., Rodgers R., Romualdi D., Shah D., Speight J., Spritzer P.M., Stener-Victorin E., Stepto N., Tassone E.C., Thangaratinam S., Thondan M., Tzeng C.-R., van der Spuy Z., Vanky E., Vogiatzi M., Wan A., Wijeyaratne C., Tapanainen J.S., Witchel S., Woolcock J., Yildiz B.O., Rombauts L., Mol B.W., Mansfield D., Joham A., Teede H.J., Misso M.L., Costello M.F., Dokras A., Laven J., Moran L., Piltonen T., Norman R.J., Andersen M., Azziz R., Balen A., Baye E., Boyle J., Brennan L., Broekmans F., Dabadghao P., Devoto L., Dewailly D., Downes L., Fauser B., Franks S., Garad R.M., Gibson-Helm M., Harrison C., Hart R., Hawkes R., Hirschberg A., Hoeger K., Hohmann F., Hohmann H., Vet D., Hutchison S., Johnson L., Jordan C., Kulkarni J., Legro R.S., Li R., Lujan M., Malhotra J., Marsh K., McAllister V., Mocanu E., Ng E., Oberfield S., Ottey S., Pena A., Qiao J., Redman L., Rodgers R., Romualdi D., Shah D., Speight J., Spritzer P.M., Stener-Victorin E., Stepto N., Tassone E.C., Thangaratinam S., Thondan M., Tzeng C.-R., van der Spuy Z., Vanky E., Vogiatzi M., Wan A., and Wijeyaratne C.
- Abstract
Study Question: What is the recommended assessment and management of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), based on the best available evidence, clinical expertise, and consumer preference?. Summary Answer: International evidence-based guidelines including 166 recommendations and practice points, addressed prioritized questions to promote consistent, evidence-based care and improve the experience and health outcomes of women with PCOS. What is Known Already: Previous guidelines either lacked rigorous evidence-based processes, did not engage consumer and international multidisciplinary perspectives, or were outdated. Diagnosis of PCOS remains controversial and assessment and management are inconsistent. The needs of women with PCOS are not being adequately met and evidence practice gaps persist. Study Design, Size, Duration: International evidence-based guideline development engaged professional societies and consumer organizations with multidisciplinary experts and women with PCOS directly involved at all stages. Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II-compliant processes were followed, with extensive evidence synthesis. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was applied across evidence quality, feasibility, acceptability, cost, implementation and ultimately recommendation strength. Participants/Materials, Setting, Methods: Governance included a six continent international advisory and a project board, five guideline development groups (GDGs), and consumer and translation committees. Extensive health professional and consumer engagement informed guideline scope and priorities. Engaged international society-nominated panels included pediatrics, endocrinology, gynecology, primary care, reproductive endocrinology, obstetrics, psychiatry, psychology, dietetics, exercise physiology, public health and other experts, alongside consumers, project management, evidence synthesis, and translation
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- 2018
107. Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome.
- Author
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Malhotra J., Stepto N., Tapanainen J.S., Tassone E.C., Thangaratinam S., Thondan M., Tzeng C.-R., Van Der Spuy Z., Vanky E., Vogiatzi M., Wan A., Wijeyaratne C., Witchel S., Woolcock J., Yildiz B.O., Qiao J., Redman L., Rodgers R., Romualdi D., Shah D., Speight J., Spritzer P.M., Stener-Victorin E., Teede H.J., Rombauts L., Moran L., Mol B.W., Mansfield D., Joham A., Misso M.L., Costello M.F., Dokras A., Laven J., Piltonen T., Norman R.J., Andersen M., Azziz R., Balen A., Baye E., Boyle J., Brennan L., Broekmans F., Dabadghao P., Devoto L., Dewailly D., Downes L., Fauser B., Franks S., Garad R.M., Gibson-Helm M., Harrison C., Hart R., Hawkes R., Hirschberg A., Hoeger K., Hohmann F., Hutchison S., Johnson L., Jordan C., Kulkarni J., Legro R.S., Li R., Lujan M., Marsh K., McAllister V., Mocanu E., Ng E., Oberfield S., Ottey S., Pena A., Malhotra J., Stepto N., Tapanainen J.S., Tassone E.C., Thangaratinam S., Thondan M., Tzeng C.-R., Van Der Spuy Z., Vanky E., Vogiatzi M., Wan A., Wijeyaratne C., Witchel S., Woolcock J., Yildiz B.O., Qiao J., Redman L., Rodgers R., Romualdi D., Shah D., Speight J., Spritzer P.M., Stener-Victorin E., Teede H.J., Rombauts L., Moran L., Mol B.W., Mansfield D., Joham A., Misso M.L., Costello M.F., Dokras A., Laven J., Piltonen T., Norman R.J., Andersen M., Azziz R., Balen A., Baye E., Boyle J., Brennan L., Broekmans F., Dabadghao P., Devoto L., Dewailly D., Downes L., Fauser B., Franks S., Garad R.M., Gibson-Helm M., Harrison C., Hart R., Hawkes R., Hirschberg A., Hoeger K., Hohmann F., Hutchison S., Johnson L., Jordan C., Kulkarni J., Legro R.S., Li R., Lujan M., Marsh K., McAllister V., Mocanu E., Ng E., Oberfield S., Ottey S., and Pena A.
- Abstract
STUDY QUESTION: What is the recommended assessment and management of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), based on the best available evidence, clinical expertise and consumer preference? SUMMARY ANSWER: International evidence-based guidelines, including 166 recommendations and practice points, addressed prioritized questions to promote consistent, evidence-based care and improve the experience and health outcomes of women with PCOS. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Previous guidelines either lacked rigorous evidence-based processes, did not engage consumer and international multidisciplinary perspectives, or were outdated. Diagnosis of PCOS remains controversial, and assessment and management are inconsistent. The needs of women with PCOS are not being adequately met and evidence practice gaps persist. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: International evidence-based guideline development engaged professional societies and consumer organizations with multidisciplinary experts and women with PCOS directly involved at all stages. Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II-compliant processes were followed, with extensive evidence synthesis. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was applied across evidence quality, feasibility, acceptability, cost, implementation and ultimately recommendation strength. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Governance included a six continent international advisory and a project board, five guideline development groups, and consumer and translation committees. Extensive health professional and consumer engagement informed guideline scope and priorities. Engaged international society-nominated panels included pediatrics, endocrinology, gynecology, primary care, reproductive endocrinology, obstetrics, psychiatry, psychology, dietetics, exercise physiology, public health and other experts, alongside consumers, project management, evidence synthesis and translation experts.
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- 2018
108. Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome
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Teede, H.J. (Helena), Misso, M.L. (Marie L.), Costello, M.F. (Michael F.), Dokras, A. (Anuja), Laven, J.S.E. (Joop), Moran, L. (Lisa), Piltonen, T. (Terhi), Norman, R.J. (Robert), Teede, H.J. (Helena), Misso, M.L. (Marie L.), Costello, M.F. (Michael F.), Dokras, A. (Anuja), Laven, J.S.E. (Joop), Moran, L. (Lisa), Piltonen, T. (Terhi), and Norman, R.J. (Robert)
- Abstract
Study Question: What is the recommended assessment and management of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), based on the best available evidence, clinical expertise, and consumer preference? Summary Answer: International evidence-based guidelines including 166 recommendations and practice points, addressed prioritized questions to promote consistent, evidence-based care and improve the experience and health outcomes of women with PCOS. What Is Known Already: Previous guidelines either lacked rigorous evidence-based processes, did not engage consumer and international multidisciplinary perspectives, or were outdated. Diagnosis of PCOS remains controversial and assessment and management are inconsistent. The needs of women with PCOS are not being adequately met and evidence practice gaps persist. Study Design, Size, Duration: International evidence-based guideline development engaged professional societies and consumer organizations with multidisciplinary experts and women with PCOS directly involved at all stages. Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II-compliant processes were followed, with extensive evidence synthesis. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was applied across evidence quality, feasibility, acceptability, cost, implementation and ultimately recommendation strength. Participants/Materials, Setting, Methods: Governance included a six continent international advisory and a project board, five guideline development groups, and consumer and translation committees. Extensive health professional and consumer engagement informed guideline scope and priorities. Engaged international society-nominated panels included pediatrics, endocrinology, gynecology, primary care, reproductive endocrinology, obstetrics, psychiatry, psychology, dietetics, exercise physiology, public health and other experts, alongside consumers, project management, evidence synthesis, and translation experts.
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- 2018
- Full Text
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109. Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome
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Teede, H.J. (Helena J.), Misso, M.L. (Marie L.), Costello, M.F. (Michael F.), Dokras, A. (Anuja), Laven, J.S.E. (Joop), Moran, L. (Lisa), Piltonen, T. (Terhi), Norman, R.J. (Robert), Teede, H.J. (Helena J.), Misso, M.L. (Marie L.), Costello, M.F. (Michael F.), Dokras, A. (Anuja), Laven, J.S.E. (Joop), Moran, L. (Lisa), Piltonen, T. (Terhi), and Norman, R.J. (Robert)
- Abstract
Study Question: What is the recommended assessment and management of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), based on the best available evidence, clinical expertise, and consumer preference? Summary Answer: International evidence-based guidelines including 166 recommendations and practice points, addressed prioritized questions to promote consistent, evidence-based care and improve the experience and health outcomes of women with PCOS. What is Known Already: Previous guidelines either lacked rigorous evidence-based processes, did not engage consumer and international multidisciplinary perspectives, or were outdated. Diagnosis of PCOS remains controversial and assessment and management are inconsistent. The needs of women with PCOS are not being adequately met and evidence practice gaps persist. Study Design, Size, Duration: International evidence-based guideline development engaged professional societies and consumer organizations with multidisciplinary experts and women with PCOS directly involved at all stages. Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II-compliant processes were followed, with extensive evidence synthesis. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was applied across evidence quality, feasibility, acceptability, cost, implementation and ultimately recommendation strength. Participants/Materials, Setting, Methods: Governance included a six continent international advisory and a project board, five guideline development groups (GDGs), and consumer and translation committees. Extensive health professional and consumer engagement informed guideline scope and priorities. Engaged international society-nominated panels included pediatrics, endocrinology, gynecology, primary care, reproductive endocrinology, obstetrics, psychiatry, psychology, dietetics, exercise physiology, public health and other experts, alongside consumers, project management, evidence synthesis, and translation e
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
110. Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Teede, HJ, Misso, ML, Costello, MF, Dokras, A, Laven, J, Moran, L, Piltonen, T, Norman, RJ, International PCOS Network, Teede, HJ, Misso, ML, Costello, MF, Dokras, A, Laven, J, Moran, L, Piltonen, T, Norman, RJ, and International PCOS Network
- Abstract
STUDY QUESTION: What is the recommended assessment and management of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), based on the best available evidence, clinical expertise, and consumer preference? SUMMARY ANSWER: International evidence-based guidelines including 166 recommendations and practice points, addressed prioritized questions to promote consistent, evidence-based care and improve the experience and health outcomes of women with PCOS. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Previous guidelines either lacked rigorous evidence-based processes, did not engage consumer and international multidisciplinary perspectives, or were outdated. Diagnosis of PCOS remains controversial and assessment and management are inconsistent. The needs of women with PCOS are not being adequately met and evidence practice gaps persist. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: International evidence-based guideline development engaged professional societies and consumer organizations with multidisciplinary experts and women with PCOS directly involved at all stages. Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II-compliant processes were followed, with extensive evidence synthesis. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was applied across evidence quality, feasibility, acceptability, cost, implementation and ultimately recommendation strength. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Governance included a six continent international advisory and a project board, five guideline development groups (GDGs), and consumer and translation committees. Extensive health professional and consumer engagement informed guideline scope and priorities. Engaged international society-nominated panels included pediatrics, endocrinology, gynecology, primary care, reproductive endocrinology, obstetrics, psychiatry, psychology, dietetics, exercise physiology, public health and other experts, alongside consumers, project management, evidence synthesis, and translation e
- Published
- 2018
111. Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome
- Author
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Teede, H. J. (Helena J.), Misso, M. L. (Marie L.), Costello, M. F. (Michael F.), Dokras, A. (Anuja), Laven, J. (Joop), Moran, L. (Lisa), Piltonen, T. (Terhi), Norman, R. J. (Robert J.), Teede, H. J. (Helena J.), Misso, M. L. (Marie L.), Costello, M. F. (Michael F.), Dokras, A. (Anuja), Laven, J. (Joop), Moran, L. (Lisa), Piltonen, T. (Terhi), and Norman, R. J. (Robert J.)
- Abstract
Study question: What is the recommended assessment and management of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), based on the best available evidence, clinical expertise, and consumer preference? Summary answer: International evidence-based guidelines including 166 recommendations and practice points, addressed prioritized questions to promote consistent, evidence-based care and improve the experience and health outcomes of women with PCOS. What is known already: Previous guidelines either lacked rigorous evidence-based processes, did not engage consumer and international multidisciplinary perspectives, or were outdated. Diagnosis of PCOS remains controversial and assessment and management are inconsistent. The needs of women with PCOS are not being adequately met and evidence practice gaps persist. Study design, size, duration: International evidence-based guideline development engaged professional societies and consumer organizations with multidisciplinary experts and women with PCOS directly involved at all stages. Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II-compliant processes were followed, with extensive evidence synthesis. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was applied across evidence quality, feasibility, acceptability, cost, implementation and ultimately recommendation strength. Participants/materials, setting, methods: Governance included a six continent international advisory and a project board, five guideline development groups, and consumer and translation committees. Extensive health professional and consumer engagement informed guideline scope and priorities. Engaged international society-nominated panels included pediatrics, endocrinology, gynecology, primary care, reproductive endocrinology, obstetrics, psychiatry, psychology, dietetics, exercise physiology, public health and other experts, alongside consumers, project management, evidence synthesis, and translation
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- 2018
112. Bone markers in polycystic ovary syndrome:a multicentre study
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Lingaiah, S. (Shilpa), Morin‐Papunen, L. (Laure), Piltonen, T. (Terhi), Puurunen, J. (Johanna), Sundström‐Poromaa, I. (Inger), Stener‐Victorin, E. (Elisabet), Bloigu, R. (Risto), Risteli, J. (Juha), and Tapanainen, J. S. (Juha S.)
- Abstract
Objective: Hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinaemia and obesity, known characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), may influence bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone turnover (BTMs) can provide a noninvasive assessment of bone turnover. To this end, the serum concentrations of BTMs and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) were analysed in women with PCOS, and their possible associations with metabolic parameters of PCOS were determined. Subjects and methods: Bone formation markers procollagen type I amino‐terminal propeptide (PINP) and osteocalcin (OC), and bone resorption marker carboxy‐terminal cross‐linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), along with 25OHD, were measured in 298 women with PCOS and 194 healthy controls. Results: Serum levels of PINP (47.0 ± 20.2 vs 58.1 ± 28.6 μg/L, P < .001) and OC (18.2 ± 7.5 vs 20.6 ± 9.8 μg/L, P < .001) were decreased in women with PCOS compared with controls, whereas no significant differences were found in CTX and 25OHD levels. Age‐stratified analyses suggested that PINP (50.5 ± 21.7 vs 68.2 ± 26.6 μg/L, P < .001) and OC levels (20.4 ± 7.6 vs 25.5 ± 9.6 μg/L,P < .001) were decreased only in the younger age group (≤30 years) women with PCOS compared with controls. The formation markers and resorption marker decreased with age in both study groups. Conclusions: Bone formation markers were decreased in younger women with PCOS when compared with healthy women, which may affect bone mass in these women.
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- 2017
113. Niche matters:the comparison between bone marrow stem cells and endometrial stem cells and stromal fibroblasts reveal distinct migration and cytokine profiles in response to inflammatory stimulus
- Author
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Khatun, M. (Masuma), Sorjamaa, A. (Anna), Kangasniemi, M. (Marika), Sutinen, M. (Meeri), Salo, T. (Tuula), Liakka, A. (Annikki), Lehenkari, P. (Petri), Tapanainen, J. S. (Juha S.), Vuolteenaho, O. (Olli), Chen, J. C. (Joseph C.), Lehtonen, S. (Siri), Piltonen, T. T. (Terhi T.), Khatun, M. (Masuma), Sorjamaa, A. (Anna), Kangasniemi, M. (Marika), Sutinen, M. (Meeri), Salo, T. (Tuula), Liakka, A. (Annikki), Lehenkari, P. (Petri), Tapanainen, J. S. (Juha S.), Vuolteenaho, O. (Olli), Chen, J. C. (Joseph C.), Lehtonen, S. (Siri), and Piltonen, T. T. (Terhi T.)
- Abstract
Objective: Intrinsic inflammatory characteristics play a pivotal role in stem cell recruitment and homing through migration where the subsequent change in niche has been shown to alter these characteristics. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bmMSCs) have been demonstrated to migrate to the endometrium contributing to the stem cell reservoir and regeneration of endometrial tissue. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the inflammation-driven migration and cytokine secretion profile of human bmMSCs to endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) and endometrial fibroblasts (eSFs). Materials and methods: The bmMSCs were isolated from bone marrow aspirates through culturing, whereas eMSCs and eSFs were FACS-isolated. All cell types were tested for their surface marker, proliferation profiles and migration properties towards serum and inflammatory attractants. The cytokine/chemokine secretion profile of 35 targets was analysed in each cell type at basal level along with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced state. Results: Both stem cell types, bmMSCs and eMSCs, presented with similar stem cell surface marker profiles as well as possessed high proliferation and migration potential compared to eSFs. In multiplex assays, the secretion of 16 cytokine targets was detected and LPS stimulation expanded the cytokine secretion pattern by triggering the secretion of several targets. The bmMSCs exhibited higher cytokine secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF)-1α, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), IL-6, interferon-gamma inducible protein (IP)-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)1α and RANTES compared to eMSCs and/or eSFs after stimulation with LPS. The basal IL-8 secretion was higher in both endometrial cell types compared to bmMSCs. Conclusion: Our results highlight that similar to bmMSCs, the eMSCs possess high migration activity while the diffe
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- 2017
114. Normo- and hyperandrogenic women with polycystic ovary syndrome exhibit an adverse metabolic profile through life
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Pinola, P. (Pekka), Puukka, K. (Katri), Piltonen, T. T. (Terhi T.), Puurunen, J. (Johanna), Vanky, E. (Eszter), Sundström-Poromaa, I. (Inger), Stener-Victorin, E. (Elisabet), Lindén Hirschberg, A. (Angelica), Ravn, P. (Pernille), Skovsager Andersen, M. (Marianne), Glintborg, D. (Dorte), Roar Mellembakken, J. (Jan), Ruokonen, A. (Aimo), Tapanainen, J. S. (Juha S.), Morin-Papunen, L. C. (Laure C.), Pinola, P. (Pekka), Puukka, K. (Katri), Piltonen, T. T. (Terhi T.), Puurunen, J. (Johanna), Vanky, E. (Eszter), Sundström-Poromaa, I. (Inger), Stener-Victorin, E. (Elisabet), Lindén Hirschberg, A. (Angelica), Ravn, P. (Pernille), Skovsager Andersen, M. (Marianne), Glintborg, D. (Dorte), Roar Mellembakken, J. (Jan), Ruokonen, A. (Aimo), Tapanainen, J. S. (Juha S.), and Morin-Papunen, L. C. (Laure C.)
- Abstract
Objective: To compare the metabolic profiles of normo- and hyperandrogenic women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with those of control women at different ages during reproductive life. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Not applicable. Patient(s): In all, 1,550 women with normoandrogenic (n = 686) or hyperandrogenic (n = 842) PCOS and 447 control women were divided into three age groups: <30, 30–39, and >39 years). Interventions(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, cholesterol, lipoproteins, triglycerides and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Result(s): Both normo- and hyperandrogenic women with PCOS were more obese, especially abdominally. They had increased serum levels of insulin (fasting and in oral glucose tolerance tests), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol, higher blood pressure, and lower high-density lipoprotein levels independently from BMI compared with the control population as early as from young adulthood until menopause. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was two- to fivefold higher in women with PCOS compared with control women, depending on age and phenotype, and the highest prevalence was observed in hyperandrogenic women with PCOS at late reproductive age. Conclusion(s): When evaluating metabolic risks in women with PCOS, androgenic status, especially abdominal obesity and age, should be taken into account, which would allow tailored management of the syndrome from early adulthood on.
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- 2017
115. Psychological distress is more prevalent in fertile age and premenopausal women with PCOS symptoms:15-year follow-up
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Karjula, S. (Salla), Morin-Papunen, L. (Laure), Auvinen, J. (Juha), Ruokonen, A. (Aimo), Puukka, K. (Katri), Franks, S. (Stephen), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Tapanainen, J. S. (Juha S.), Jokelainen, J. (Jari), Miettunen, J. (Jouko), Piltonen, T. T. (Terhi T.), Karjula, S. (Salla), Morin-Papunen, L. (Laure), Auvinen, J. (Juha), Ruokonen, A. (Aimo), Puukka, K. (Katri), Franks, S. (Stephen), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Tapanainen, J. S. (Juha S.), Jokelainen, J. (Jari), Miettunen, J. (Jouko), and Piltonen, T. T. (Terhi T.)
- Abstract
Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased psychological distress, obesity and hyperandrogenism being suggested as key promoters. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of anxiety/depression and their coexistence in women with PCOS/PCOS-related symptoms at ages 31 and 46. The roles of obesity, hyperandrogenism, and awareness of PCOS on psychological distress were also assessed. Design: Population-based follow-up. Setting: Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 with 15-year follow-up. Participants: At age 31, a questionnaire-based screening for oligoamenorrhea (OA) and hirsutism (H): 2188 asymptomatic (controls), 331 OA, 323 H, and 125 OA plus H (PCOS). Follow-up at age 46: 1576 controls, 239 OA, 231 H, and 85 PCOS. Interventions: Questionnaire-based screening for anxiety and depression symptoms (Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25) and previously diagnosed/treated depression at ages 31 and 46. Body mass index (BMI), serum testosterone/free androgen index, and awareness of polycystic ovaries/PCOS on psychological distress were also assessed. Main Outcomes: Population-based prevalence of anxiety and/or depression in women with PCOS/PCOS-related symptoms at ages 31 and 46. Results: Anxiety and/or depression symptoms, their coexistence, and rate of depression were increased at ages 31 and 46 in women with PCOS or isolated H compared with controls. High BMI or hyperandrogenism did not associate with increased anxiety or depression symptoms. The awareness of PCOS was associated with increased anxiety. Conclusions: Women with PCOS or isolated H present more often with anxiety and/or depression symptoms and their coexistence compared with controls. High BMI or hyperandrogenism did not provoke psychological distress in PCOS. The awareness of PCOS increased anxiety but did not associate with severe anxiety or depression.
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- 2017
116. Weight gain and dyslipidemia in early adulthood associate with polycystic ovary syndrome:prospective cohort study
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Ollila, M. E. (Meri-Maija E.), Piltonen, T. (Terhi), Puukka, K. (Katri), Ruokonen, A. (Aimo), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Tapanainen, J. S. (Juha S.), Franks, S. (Stephen), and Morin-Papunen, L. (Laure)
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nutritional and metabolic diseases - Abstract
Context: Obesity affects the majority of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but previous studies are inconsistent about the prevalence of obesity and the importance of weight gain in the development of the syndrome. Objective: Our objective was to explore the association between weight, weight gain, hyperandrogenism, and PCOS from adolescence to late adulthood. Design: The study includes a prospective Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study including 5889 females born in 1966 and followed at the ages of 14, 31, and 46 years. Setting: The setting was the general community. Participants: Women presenting both oligo/amenorrhea (OA) and hirsutism (H) at age 31 (N = 125) or with formally diagnosed PCOS by age 46 (N = 181) were compared with women without PCOS symptoms or diagnosis (n = 1577). Interventions: None. Main Outcome Measures: Body mass index (BMI), weight change through life, waist circumference, Free Androgen Index, lipids, glucose, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and PCOS. Results: Women with OA+H at age 31 or diagnosis of PCOS by age 46 had the highest BMI at all ages compared with the controls. Increase of BMI between ages 14 and 31, but not between 31 and 46, was greater in women with isolated OA (P = 0.006), OA+H (P = 0.001), and diagnosis of PCOS (P = 0.001) compared with controls. In the multivariate analysis, PCOS was significantly associated with BMI at all ages (BMI at age 31: odds ratio [OR] = 1.05 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00–1.10], Free Androgen Index (OR = 1.08 [95% CI, 1.03–1.14]), serum levels of insulin (OR = 1.05 [95% CI, 1.00–1.09]), and triglycerides (OR = 1.48 [95% CI, 1.08–2.03]). Conclusions: Symptoms or diagnosis of PCOS are associated with dyslipidemia, hyperandrogenemia, and significantly increased weight gain, especially in early adulthood. This observation is important because it may identify a sensitive time period when weight gain plays a crucial role in the emergence of PCOS and when preventive actions against metabolic and cardiovascular diseases should be implemented.
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- 2016
117. Human endometrial fibroblasts derived from mesenchymal progenitors inherit progesterone resistance and acquire an inflammatory phenotype in the endometrial niche in endometriosis
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Barragan, F. (Fatima), Irwin, J. C. (Juan C.), Balayan, S. (Shaina), Erikson, D. W. (David W.), Chen, J. C. (Joseph C.), Houshdaran, S. (Sahar), Piltonen, T. T. (Terhi T.), Spitzer, T. L. (Trimble L.B.), George, A. (Ashley), Rabban, J. T. (Joseph T.), Nezhat, C. (Camran), Giudice, L. C. (Linda C.), Barragan, F. (Fatima), Irwin, J. C. (Juan C.), Balayan, S. (Shaina), Erikson, D. W. (David W.), Chen, J. C. (Joseph C.), Houshdaran, S. (Sahar), Piltonen, T. T. (Terhi T.), Spitzer, T. L. (Trimble L.B.), George, A. (Ashley), Rabban, J. T. (Joseph T.), Nezhat, C. (Camran), and Giudice, L. C. (Linda C.)
- Abstract
Human endometrium undergoes cyclic regeneration involving stem/progenitor cells, but the role of resident endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSC) as progenitors of endometrial stromal fibroblasts (eSF) has not been definitively demonstrated. In endometriosis, eSF display progesterone (P₄) resistance with impaired decidualization in vivo and in vitro. To investigate eMSC as precursors of eSF and whether endometriosis P₄ resistance is inherited from eMSC, we analyzed transcriptomes of eutopic endometrium eMSC and eSF isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) from endometriosis (eMSCendo, eSFendo) and controls (eMSCcontrol, eSFcontrol) and their derived primary cultures. Differentially expressed lineage-associated genes (LG) of FACS-isolated eMSC and eSF were largely conserved in endometriosis. In culture, eSFcontrol maintained in vitro expression of a subset of eSF LG and decidualized in vitro with P₄. The eMSCcontrol cultures differentiated in vitro to eSF lineage, down-regulating eMSC LG and up-regulating eSF LG, showing minimal transcriptome differences versus eSFcontrol cultures and decidualizing in vitro. Cultured eSFendo displayed less in vitro LG stability and did not decidualize in vitro. In vitro, eMSCendo differentiated to eSF lineage but showed more differentially expressed genes versus eSFendo cultures, and did not decidualize in vitro, demonstrating P₄ resistance inherited from eMSCendo. Compared to controls, cultures from tissue-derived eSFendo uniquely had a pro-inflammatory phenotype not present in eMSCendo differentiated to eSF in vitro, suggesting divergent niche effects for in vivo versus in vitro lineage differentiation. These findings substantiate eMSC as progenitors of eSF and reveal eSF in endometriosis as having P₄ resistance inherited from eMSC and a pro-inflammatory phenotype acquired within the endometrial niche.
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- 2016
118. The effect of atorvastatin treatment on serum oxysterol concentrations and cytochrome P450 3A4 activity
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Hukkanen, J., Puurunen, J., Hyötyläinen, Tuulia, Savolainen, M. J., Ruokonen, A., Morin-Papunen, L., Oresic, Matej, Piltonen, T., Tapanainen, J. S., Hukkanen, J., Puurunen, J., Hyötyläinen, Tuulia, Savolainen, M. J., Ruokonen, A., Morin-Papunen, L., Oresic, Matej, Piltonen, T., and Tapanainen, J. S.
- Abstract
Aims: Atorvastatin is known to both inhibit and induce the cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme in vitro. Some clinical studies indicate that atorvastatin inhibits CYP3A4 but there are no well-controlled longer term studies that could evaluate the inducing effect of atorvastatin. We aimed to determine if atorvastatin induces or inhibits CYP3A4 activity as measured by the 4β-hydroxycholesterol to cholesterol ratio (4βHC : C). Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 6 month study we evaluated the effects of atorvastatin 20mg day1 (n=15) and placebo (n = 14) on oxysterol concentrations and determined if atorvastatin induces or inhibits CYP3A4 activity as assessed by the 4βHC : C index. The respective 25-hydroxycholesterol and 5α,6α- epoxycholesterol ratios were used as negative controls. Results: Treatment with atorvastatin decreased 4βHC and 5α,6α-epoxycholesterol concentrations by 40% and 23%, respectively. The mean 4βHC : C ratio decreased by 13% (0.214 ± 0.04 to 0.182 ± 0.04, P = 0.024, 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference –0.0595, –0.00483) in the atorvastatin group while no significant change occurred in the placebo group. The difference in change of 4βHC : C between study arms was statistically significant (atorvastatin –0.032, placebo 0.0055, P = 0.020, 95% CI of the difference – 0.069, –0.0067). The ratios of 25-hydroxycholesterol and 5α,6α- epoxycholesterol to cholesterol did not change. Conclusions: The results establish atorvastatin as an inhibitor of CYP3A4 activity. Furthermore, 4βHC : C is a useful index of CYP3A4 activity, including the conditions with altered cholesterol concentrations., Cited By :4; Export Date: 12 March 2018; ArticleFunding Agencies:Duodecim Society of Oulu Finnish Medical Foundation Sigrid Juselius Foundation National Clinical Graduate School Research Foundation of Obstetrics and Gynecology Oulu University Scholarship Foundation North Ostrobothnia Regional Fund of the Finnish Cultural FoundationTyyni Tani Foundation of the University of Oulu Finnish-Norwegian Medical Foundation
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- 2015
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119. Androgen secretion and cardiovascular risk factors in women with and without PCOS:studies on age-related changes and medical intervention
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Tapanainen, J. (Juha), Piltonen, T. (Terhi), Puurunen, J. (Johanna), Tapanainen, J. (Juha), Piltonen, T. (Terhi), and Puurunen, J. (Johanna)
- Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. The main features of the syndrome include menstrual irregularities and hyperandrogenism. In addition to symptoms related to fertility, some women also suffer from an unfavourable metabolic profile including impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidaemia and low-grade chronic inflammation. In the present studies we aimed to investigate the role of age on adrenal and ovarian androgen secretion in 79 women with PCOS and 98 healthy women, with special focus on the menopause. Furthermore, we studied the effects of combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) administered orally, transdermally and vaginally (n=42, healthy women, 9 weeks) and atorvastatin treatment (n=28, women with PCOS, 6 months) on androgen levels and metabolic factors. Androgen secretion capacity was analysed by using adrenal and ovarian stimulation tests and glucose tolerance by using oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests. Furthermore, chronic inflammation was assessed via assay of C-reactive protein and pentraxin-3. Basal and stimulated adrenal and ovarian androgen production was elevated and levels remained higher in women with PCOS compared with healthy women even after the menopause. Furthermore, women with PCOS presented with enhanced insulin resistance and chronic inflammation, which persisted beyond menopausal transition. During CHC treatment, the route of administration was insignificant, and all treatments impaired insulin sensitivity and increased chronic inflammation. In women with PCOS, treatment with atorvastatin improved chronic inflammation and the lipid profile as expected, but worsened glucose tolerance and did not affect testosterone levels. Regardless of strict exclusion criteria, where only relatively healthy women with PCOS were recruited, the results showed that enhanced androgen secretion and unfavourable metabolic alterations associated with PCOS persist through menopausal, Tiivistelmä Monirakkulainen munasarjaoireyhtymä (PCOS) on hedelmällisessä iässä olevien naisten yleisin hormonaalinen ongelma. Tyypillisiä PCOS:n oireita ovat munarakkuloiden epäsäännöllisestä kypsymisestä johtuvat kuukautiskierron häiriöt ja miessukuhormonien eli androgeenien liikatuotanto. Hedelmällisyyttä heikentävien oireiden lisäksi PCOS:än liittyy aineenvaihdunnan ongelmia, kuten heikentynyttä sokerinsietoa sekä taipumus rasva-aineenvaihdunnan häiriöihin ja krooniseen tulehdukseen. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin ikääntymisen ja vaihdevuosien vaikutuksia lisämunuais- ja munasarjaperäiseen androgeenieritykseen 79 PCOS-naisella ja 98 terveellä naisella. Lisäksi tutkittiin eri yhdistelmäehkäisyvalmisteiden antoreittien (suu, iho, emätin) (n=42, terveet naiset, 9 viikkoa) ja atorvastatiinihoidon (n=28, PCOS-naiset, 6 kuukautta) vaikutuksia androgeenitasoihin ja aineenvaihdunnallisiin muuttujiin. Androgeenieritystä tutkittiin lisämunuaisten ja munasarjojen stimulaatiotesteillä ja sokeriaineenvaihdunnan muutoksia suun kautta ja suonensisäisesti tehtävillä sokerirasituskokeilla. Tulehduksellista tilaa mitattiin määrittämällä C-reaktiivisen proteiinin ja pentraksiini-3:n pitoisuuksia. Lisämunuaisten ja munasarjojen androgeenieritys oli PCOS-naisilla lisääntynyt terveisiin naisiin verrattuna, ja ero säilyi vaihdevuosi-iän jälkeen. PCOS-naisilla esiintyi myös enemmän heikentynyttä sokerinsietoa ja kroonista tulehdusta vielä vaihdevuosi-iän jälkeenkin. Hormonaalinen yhdistelmäehkäisy heikensi insuliiniherkkyyttä sekä pahensi pitkäaikaista tulehdusta annostelureitistä riippumatta. Atorvastatiinihoito puolestaan paransi pitkäaikaista tulehdusta sekä rasva-aineenvaihduntaa PCOS-naisilla, mutta huononsi sokerinsietoa ja insuliiniherkkyyttä eikä sillä ollut vaikutusta testosteronitasoihin. Koska poissulkukriteerit olivat tiukat, tutkimuksiin valikoitui varsin terveitä PCOS-naisia. Siitä huolimatta osoittautui, että PCOS:än liittyvä lisääntynyt androgeenituotanto sekä epäedulliset
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- 2015
120. Bone turnover in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
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Lingaiah, S., primary, Morin-Papunen, L., additional, Piltonen, T., additional, Puurunen, J., additional, Risteli, J., additional, Tapanainen, J.S., additional, and Vaskivuo, T.E., additional
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- 2015
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121. Overweight and obese but not normal weight women with PCOS are at increased risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus-a prospective, population-based cohort study.
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Ollila, M.-M. E., West, S., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Jokelainen, J., Auvinen, J., Puukka, K., Ruokonen, A., Järvelin, M.-R., Tapanainen, J. S., Franks, S., Piltonen, T. T., Morin-Papunen, L. C., and Ollila, M M
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OVERWEIGHT women ,POLYCYSTIC ovary syndrome ,TYPE 2 diabetes risk factors ,ULTRASONIC imaging ,MEDICAL care ,DIAGNOSIS ,OBESITY complications ,BODY weight ,GLUCOSE tolerance tests ,LONGITUDINAL method ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,OBESITY ,PREDIABETIC state ,RESEARCH funding ,BODY mass index ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Study Question: What are the respective roles of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), long-term weight gain and obesity for the development of prediabetes or Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by age 46 years?Summary Answer: The risk of T2DM in women with PCOS is mainly due to overweight and obesity, although these two factors have a synergistic effect on the development of T2DM.What Is Known Already: PCOS is associated with an increased risk of prediabetes and T2DM. However, the respective roles of PCOS per se and BMI for the development of T2DM have remained unclear.Study Design, Size, Duration: In a prospective, general population-based follow-up birth cohort 1966 (n = 5889), postal questionnaires were sent at ages 14 (95% answered), 31 (80% answered) and 46 years (72% answered). Questions about oligoamenorrhoea and hirsutism were asked at age 31 years, and a question about PCOS diagnosis at 46 years. Clinical examination and blood sampling were performed at 31 years in 3127 women, and at 46 years in 3280 women. A 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at 46 years of age in 2780 women.Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: Women reporting both oligoamenorrhoea and hirsutism at age 31 years and/or diagnosis of PCOS by 46 years were considered as women with PCOS (n = 279). Women without any symptoms at 31 years and without PCOS diagnosis by 46 years were considered as controls (n = 1577). The level of glucose metabolism was classified according to the results of the OGTT and previous information of glucose metabolism status from the national drug and hospital discharge registers.Main Results and the Role Of Chance: PCOS per se significantly increased the risk of T2DM in overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2) women with PCOS when compared to overweight/obese controls (odds ratio: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.28-4.67). Normal weight women with PCOS did not present with an increased risk of prediabetes or T2DM. The increase in weight between ages 14, 31 and 46 years was significantly greater in women with PCOS developing T2DM than in women with PCOS and normal glucose tolerance, with the most significant increase occurring in early adulthood (between 14 and 31 years: median with [25%; 75% quartiles]: 27.25 kg [20.43; 34.78] versus 13.80 kg [8.55; 20.20], P < 0.001).Limitations, Reasons For Caution: The diagnosis of PCOS was based on self-reporting, and the questionnaire at 46 years did not distinguish between polycystic ovaries only in ultrasonography and the syndrome. Ovarian ultrasonography was not available to aid the diagnosis of PCOS.Wider Implications Of the Findings: These results emphasize weight management already during adolescence and early adulthood to prevent the development of T2DM in women with PCOS, as the period between 14 and 31 years seems to be a crucial time-window during which the women with PCOS who are destined to develop T2DM by 46 years of age experience a dramatic weight gain. Furthermore, our results support the view that, particularly in times of limited sources of healthcare systems, OGTT screening should be targeted to overweight/obese women with PCOS rather than to all women with PCOS.Study Funding/competing Interests: Finnish Medical Foundation; North Ostrobothnia Regional Fund; Academy of Finland (project grants 104781, 120315, 129269, 1114194, 24300796, Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics and SALVE); Sigrid Juselius Foundation; Biocenter Oulu; University Hospital Oulu and University of Oulu (75617); Medical Research Center Oulu; National Institute for Health Research (UK); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (grant 5R01HL087679-02) through the STAMPEED program (1RL1MH083268-01); National Institute of Health/National Institute of Mental Health (5R01MH63706:02); ENGAGE project and grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2007-201413; EU FP7 EurHEALTHAgeing-277849 European Commission and Medical Research Council, UK (G0500539, G0600705, G1002319, PrevMetSyn/SALVE) and Medical Research Center, Centenary Early Career Award. The authors have no conflicts of interests.Trial Registration Number: N/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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122. Age-related androgen secretion in healthy women and in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
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Piltonen, T. (Terhi)
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endocrine system ,antimüllerian hormone ,ovarian aging ,endocrine system diseases ,polycystic ovary syndrome ,androgen secretion ,hCG-test ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications - Abstract
The number of ovarian follicles declines with age resulting in a significant decrease of fertility by the age of 40. However, the age when follicle loss starts to affect ovarian endocrine function is not well recognized. The purpose of the present study was to investigate age-related ovarian/adrenal androgen secretion, which is crucial for estrogen biosynthesis in healthy women and in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Another aim of the study was to compare the usefulness of different serum markers in assessing ovarian aging and in diagnosing polycystic ovaries (PCOs) and PCOS. The human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test was used to study the endocrine potential of ovaries/adrenals. The ovarian capacity to secrete and synthesize androgens was found to be decreased as early as at the age of 30 in regularly menstruating women. In women with PCOS, both basal and hCG-stimulated androgen levels were about 50% higher than in healthy women and they remained high until late reproductive age. Similarly to regularly menstruating women, the androgen secretion capacity in PCOS subjects decreased with age, and estradiol concentrations remained unchanged until the age of 44 years. Adrenal androgen synthesis was not changed during hCG-tests. Since serum antimüllerian hormone (AMH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were changed significantly after the age of 25 years in regularly menstruating women, they may be considered as useful serum markers reflecting the ovarian aging process. In women with PCOS, AMH levels were continuously 2- to 3-fold higher than in healthy women possibly reflecting high follicle number in these women. A decline in ovarian endocrine function before the age of 30 is one of the first signs of ovarian aging. However, in women with PCOS ovarian androgen secretion capacity is markedly increased and remain high throughout the reproductive years. The results of the present studies also indicate that LH/hCG does not play a role in adrenal androgen synthesis, since LH/hCG did not stimulate adrenal androgen synthesis. The measurement of AMH is a useful tool to estimate ovarian aging process as well as to diagnose PCOs/PCOS.
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- 2004
123. Statin therapy impairs insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study
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Puurunen, J., primary, Piltonen, T., additional, Ruokonen, A., additional, Savolainen, M.J., additional, Morin-Papunen, L., additional, and Tapanainen, J.S., additional
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- 2012
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124. Anti-müllerian hormone as a marker of follicular inhibition by combined contraception – a randomized study
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Kallio, S., primary, Puurunen, J., additional, Ruokonen, A., additional, Piltonen, T., additional, and Tapanainen, J.S., additional
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- 2012
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125. Session 02: Ovarian Reserve 1
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Shehata, F., primary, Almog, B., additional, Shalom-Paz, E., additional, Tan, S., additional, Tulandi, T., additional, Ramezani Tehrani, F., additional, Shakeri, N., additional, Azizi, F., additional, Kallio, S., additional, Aittomaki, K., additional, Piltonen, T., additional, Veijola, R., additional, Vaskivuo, T. E., additional, Tapanainen, J. S., additional, Weghofer, A., additional, Dietrich, W., additional, Ortner, I., additional, Barad, D. H., additional, Bieglmayer, C., additional, Gleicher, N., additional, Nelson, S. M., additional, Messow, C. M., additional, Wallace, A. M., additional, Fleming, R., additional, McConnachie, A., additional, Broer, S. L., additional, Eijkemans, M. J. C., additional, Scheffer, G. J., additional, van Rooij, I. A. J., additional, Fauser, B. C., additional, de Jong, F. H., additional, and Broekmans, F. J. M., additional
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- 2010
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126. Session 55: PCOS 2
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Barad, D., primary, Gupta, A., additional, Gleicher, N., additional, Puurunen, J., additional, Piltonen, T., additional, Morin-Papunen, L., additional, Ruokonen, A., additional, Tapanainen, J. S., additional, Villarroel, C., additional, Lopez, P., additional, Merino, P., additional, Van Velzen, A., additional, Iniguez, G., additional, Codner, E., additional, El-Sherbiny, W., additional, Al-Inany, H., additional, Ibrahim, M., additional, Harb, H., additional, Richardson, M., additional, Yew, H. C., additional, Simonis, C. D., additional, Byrne, C. D., additional, Cheong, Y., additional, Matteo, M., additional, Greco, P., additional, Santopietro, X., additional, Noviello, A., additional, De Rosario, M., additional, Cho, Y., additional, Falagario, T., additional, Totaro, R., additional, Massenzio, F., additional, Liso, A., additional, Serviddio, G., additional, Garcia-Gamon, M., additional, Romeu, M., additional, Monzo, A., additional, Montanana, V., additional, Perez-Calvo, A., additional, Tresguerres, J., additional, and Romeu, A., additional
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- 2010
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127. Endometrial stromal fibroblasts from women with polycystic ovary syndrome have impaired progesterone-mediated decidualization, aberrant cytokine profiles and promote enhanced immune cell migration in vitro.
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Piltonen, T. T., Chen, J. C., Khatun, M., Kangasniemi, M., Liakka, A., Spitzer, T., Tran, N., Huddleston, H., Irwin, J. C., and Giudice, L. C.
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POLYCYSTIC ovary syndrome , *STROMAL cells , *ENDOMETRIUM , *FIBROBLASTS , *PROGESTERONE , *CYTOKINES , *CELL migration - Abstract
STUDY QUESTIONS: DO endometrial stromal fibroblasts (eSF) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (Esfpcos) exhibit altered estrogen and/or progesterone (P4) responses, which may explain some of the adverse reproductive outcomes and endometrial pathologies in these women? SUMMARY ANSWER: In vitro, eSF from women with PCOS exhibit an aberrant decidualization response and concomitant changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine, chemokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) release and immune cell chemo attraction. In vivo these aberrations may result in suboptimal implantation and predisposition to endometrial cancer. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The endometrium in women with PCOS has several abnormalities including progesterone (P4) resistance at the gene expression level, likely contributing to subfertility, pregnancy complications and increased endometrial cancer risk in PCOS women. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Prospective, university-based, case-control, in vitro study. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Cultures of eSFPCOS (n = 12, Rotterdam and NIH criteria) and eSFControl (Ctrl) (n = 6, regular cycle length, no signs of hyperandrogenism) were treated with vehicle, estradiol (E2, 10 nM) or E2P4 (10 nM/1 µM) for 14 days. Progesterone receptor (PGR)mRNA was assessed with quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) and eSF decidualization was confirmed by insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) transcript and protein expression. Fractalkine(CX3CL1),granulocyte-macrophagecolony-stimu-latingfactor(GM-CSF),interleukin (IL)6,8and 1 1,macrophagechemoattractantprotein (MCP) 1 and3,CCL5 (RANTES) and MMPs(MMP1,2, 3,7,9, 10 and 12) were measured in conditioned media by Luminex multiplex assays, and chemotactic activity of the conditioned media was tested in a migration assay using CD 14+ monocyte and CD4+ T-cell migration assay. Effects of IL-6 (0.02, 0.2,2 or 20 ng/ml) or IL-8 (0.04, 0.4,4, or 40 ng/ml) or combination (0.2 ng/ml IL-6 and 4.0 ng/ml IL-8) on 14-d decidualization were also tested. ANOVA with pre-planned contrasts was used for statistical analysis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Hormonal challenge with E2P4 to induce decidualization revealed two distinctsubsets of eSFPCOS. Eight eSFPCOS (dPCOS) and all eSFCtrl (dCtrl) cultures showed a normal decidualization response to E2P4 as determined by morphology and IGFBP-1 secretion. However, 4 eSFPCOS cultures showed blunted decidualization (ndPCOS) in morphological assessment and low IGFBP-1 levels even though all three groups exhibited normal estrogen-mediated increase in PGR expression. Interestingly dPCOS had decreased IL-6 and GM-SCF secretion compared with dCtrl, whereas the ndPCOS cultures showed increased IL-6 and 8, MCP1, RANTES and GM-CSF secretion at base-line and/or in response to E2 or E2P4 compared with dCtrl and/or dPCOS. Furthermore, even though PGR expression was similar in all three groups, P4 inhibition of MM Psecretion was attenuated in ndPCOS resulting in higher MMP2 and 3 levels. The conditioned media from ndPCOS had increased chemoattractic activity compared with dCtrl and dPCOS media. Exogenously added IL-6 and/or 8 did not inhibit decidualization in eSFCtrl indicating that high levels of these cytokines in ndPCOS samples were not likely a cause for the aberrant decidualization. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: This is an in vitro study with a small sample size, utilizing stromal cell cultures from proliferative and secretory phase endometrium. The effect of PCOS on endometrial epithelium, another major histoarchitectural cell compartment of the endometrium, was not evaluated and should be considered in future studies. Furthermore, results obtained should also be confirmed in a larger data set and with mid/late secretory phase in vivo samples and models. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The alterations seen in ndPCOS may contribute to endometrial dysfunction, subfertility and pregnancy complications in PCOS women. The results emphasize the importance of understanding immune responses related to the implantation process and normal endometrial homeostasis in women with PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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128. Reproductive endrocrinology. Ovarian and adrenal steroid production: regulatory role of LH/HCG
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Piltonen, T., Koivunen, R., Morin-Papunen, L., Ruokonen, A., Huhtaniemi, I.T., and Tapanainen, J.S.
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BACKGROUND: The contribution of the adrenal glands to the total circulating steroid pool in women is not well known. There is evidence that human adrenals express the LH receptor gene and that LH may affect adrenal androgen secretion. METHODS: HCG stimulation tests (a single dose of 5000 IU i.m.) were performed in women at reproductive age (group 1, n = 6, age 21–39 years) before and after treatment with a GnRH agonist for 3 weeks, and in oophorectomized post-menopausal women (group 2, n = 6, 47–59 years) during and after estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). RESULTS: HCG did not stimulate the secretion of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) in group 2. In contrast, in group 1, the basal concentrations of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), androstenedione, testosterone and estradiol (E2) were stimulated significantly (17-OHP 105%, androstenedione 31%, testosterone 20%, E2 136%) by HCG, and the treatment with GnRH agonist decreased the responses. The basal serum concentrations of these steroids were significantly lower in oophorectomized women (17-OHP 57%, androstenedione 46%, testosterone 25%), and HCG did not increase these levels. It can be approximated that the ovarian contribution to the circulating levels of 17-OHP, androstenedione and testosterone is 25–30%, and that the adrenals are the primary source of cortisol, DHEA and DHEAS. CONCLUSION: LH/HCG does not have a major role in the regulation of adrenal steroid synthesis in endocrinologically healthy women.
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- 2002
129. Comorbidity, work ability, and disability retirement among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS):a population-based analysis in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966
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Kujanpää, L. (Linda), Piltonen, T. (Terhi), and Arffman, R. (Riikka)
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comorbidity ,work ability ,munasarjojen monirakkulatauti ,retirement ,polycystic ovary syndrome ,eläkkeelle siirtyminen ,työkyky ,liitännäissairastavuus - Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common yet underdiagnosed endocrine disorder in women, affects 6–18% of the female population. Given that PCOS is associated with obesity, hyperandrogenism, impaired glucose metabolism, and chronic low-grade inflammation, women with the syndrome are at risk for several comorbidities. In fact, earlier studies have shown that women with PCOS are at increased risk for infertility, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, psychiatric disorders, and asthma, all of which can decrease quality of life and impair working life performance. Indeed, despite active research on PCOS, studies of overall comorbidity and medication use, as well as aspects of working life, with respect to PCOS are absent. The main aims of this study were to assess overall comorbidity related to PCOS by examining self-reported and register-based International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnoses at age 46 and to investigate work ability, attachment to working life, and early retirement among women with PCOS at late fertile age. Furthermore, self-reported and register-based medication use by women with PCOS at age 46 was also examined. The study population was derived from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) with data linkages to various national registers. The results revealed PCOS to be a multimorbid condition as overall comorbidity and medication use were notably increased among women with PCOS compared to control women of the same age. In fact, multiple diseases of different organ systems are more common among those with PCOS, such as endocrine diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, infections, infertility, migraine, transient cerebral ischemic attacks, and hypertension. In addition, multiple medications, such as hypertensives, antidiabetics, thyroid medication, cough and cold drugs, and analgesics, were used more often among affected women compared to controls. However, the most notable finding was the decreased ability to work, corresponding to one additional month of both unemployment-related and medically certified absences from work during a two-year follow-up and a twofold higher risk of disability retirement by age 52, compared to control women. All in all, PCOS is associated with several comorbidities that have a negative impact on working life. Accordingly, more attention should be paid not just to women with PCOS but also, and especially, to their comorbidities and well-being in work and life. Concerted efforts backed by a multidisciplinary, holistic approach should be made to help women with PCOS sustain their careers and improve their health and quality of life more generally. Tiivistelmä Monirakkulainen munasarjaoireyhtymä (PCOS) on naisten yleisin, mutta vielä huonosti tunnistettu hormonihäiriö, josta kärsii 6–18 % naisväestöstä. Oireyhtymään liittyy keskeisesti lihavuus, liiallinen mieshormonieritys, huonontunut sokeriaineenvaihdunta sekä krooninen matala-asteinen tulehdus, jotka lisäävät riskiä useille eri liitännäissairauksille. Aiemmat tutkimukset ovat osoittaneet PCOS:aa sairastavien kärsivän muita naisia useammin ovulaatiohäiriöperäisestä lapsettomuudesta, verenpainetaudista, tyypin 2 diabeteksesta, metabolisesta oireyhtymästä, psykiatrisista häiriöistä sekä astmasta. Kaikki nämä sairaudet heikentävät naisten elämänlaatua ja työkykyä. Vaikka tutkimusta PCOS:aan liittyvistä seikoista tehdään aktiivisesti, tutkimukset kokonaissairastavuudesta ja lääkkeiden käytöstä ovat vähäisiä ja tutkimukset oireyhtymän vaikutuksesta naisten työkykyyn puuttuvat kokonaan. Tämän tutkimuksen päätavoitteina oli tutkia PCOS:n kokonaissairastavuutta hyödyntäen itseilmoitettua ja rekisteriin pohjautuvaa tutkimusaineistoa sekä PCOS:aa sairastavien naisten työkykyä, työttömyyttä ja varhaista eläköitymistä keski-ikään saakka. Tutkimusjoukkona toimi Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohortti 1966. Lisäksi tutkimusaineisto on yhdistetty useisiin kansallisiin rekisteriaineistoihin. Tämän tutkimuksen tulokset osoittivat, että PCOS:aan liittyy merkittävästi lisääntynyt sairaustaakka, sillä kokonaissairastavuus ja lääkkeiden käyttö olivat huomattavasti korkeammat kuin verrokeilla. Useat eri elinjärjestelmiin liittyvät sairaudet olivat yleisempiä PCOS:sta kärsivillä naisilla, kuten umpierityssairaudet, tuki- ja liikuntaelimistön sairaudet, infektiot, migreeni, TIA-kohtaukset sekä verenpainetauti. Lisäksi naiset käyttivät useammin eri lääkeryhmien lääkkeitä kuten verenpainelääkkeitä, diabeteslääkkeitä, kilpirauhaslääkkeitä, yskä- ja kuumelääkkeitä sekä kipulääkkeitä. Tutkimuksen huomattavin löydös oli PCOS:aan liittyvä alentunut työkyky, johon liittyen näillä naisilla oli verrokkeihin nähden kuukauden verran enemmän sekä työttömyyspäiviä että lääkärin todistamia poissaoloja työstä kahden vuoden seurannassa sekä kaksinkertainen riski joutua työkyvyttömyyseläkkeelle 52 vuoden ikään mennessä. Yhteenvetona voidaan todeta, että PCOS:aan liittyy paljon erilaisia liitännäissairauksia, jotka huonontavat naisten työkykyä. Oireyhtymästä kärsivät naiset ansaitsevat enemmän huomiota erityisesti liitännäissairauksien ja työkyvyn osalta. Yhtenäinen, moniammatillinen ja kokonaisvaltainen lähestymistapa ja hoito jo perusterveydenhuollon ja työterveyshuollon tasolla olisi tarpeen tukemaan PCOS:sta kärsivien naisten pitkäaikaisterveyttä sekä työuria.
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- 2023
130. Estradiol valerate versus ethinylestradiol in combined contraceptives:effects on blood proteome, lipids, inflammation, and steroid hormones
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Kangasniemi, M. (Marika) and Piltonen, T. (Terhi)
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proteomi ,combined contraceptive ,tulehdus ,lisämunuaishormoni ,proteome ,androgen ,cortisol ,etinyyliestradioli ,estradiol valerate ,hydrokortisoni ,inflammation ,yhdistelmäehkäisy ,ethinylestradiol ,androgeenit ,estradiolivaleraatti - Abstract
Millions of women globally use combined oral contraceptives (COCs) for contraception and the treatment of various conditions. As women may use these preparations for decades, it is essential that they are provided with products that are both effective and safe with minimal side effects. Traditional ethinylestradiol (EE)-based COCs are known to affect metabolism, inflammation, hepatic protein synthesis, and blood coagulation. COCs containing natural estrogens have recently been introduced to the market, offering an interesting new alternative to EE-based COCs. The present studies aimed to investigate the differences of EE- and estradiol valerate (EV)-based COCs in the serum proteome, inflammation, lipids, and ovarian and adrenal hormones. The studies were based on a randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial, SYLVI. Altogether, 59 healthy young women were randomized to use either EE+dienogest (DNG) (n=20), EV+DNG (n=20), or DNG only (n=19) continuously for 9 weeks. Fasting serum samples were collected at baseline and the fifth and ninth weeks. We performed an untargeted proteomic analysis and analyzed changes in the inflammatory markers high-sensitivity CRP and pentraxin 3, lipid measurements, gonadotropins, ovarian and adrenal steroids, anti-Müllerian hormone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG). Our results showed that the number of affected proteins in the circulation during EE+DNG use was multifold compared with the natural estrogen-based EV+DNG and DNG-only preparations. The pathways most affected during EE+DNG use were the complement pathway, acute phase signaling response, metabolism-related pathways, and coagulation system. A natural-estrogen-based COC also had significantly milder effects on low-grade inflammation, lipid profile, gonadotropins, androgens, cortisol, and binding protein (SHBG, CBG) synthesis compared with the synthetic EE+DNG preparation. This thesis highlights the neutral effects of natural estrogen in a COC compared with the synthetic and highly potent EE. To date, the choice of COC is based mainly on the properties of progestin components. However, emerging data, suggesting the milder metabolic impact of natural estrogens, promote the consideration of estrogen when prescribing COCs. The results encourage further research and development of natural-estrogen-based COCs. Tiivistelmä Miljoonat naiset käyttävät yhdistelmäehkäisyvalmisteita sekä raskauden ehkäisyyn että erilaisten gynekologisten oireiden hoitoon usein jopa vuosikymmenten ajan. Näin ollen on tärkeää kehittää tehokkaita ja turvallisia valmisteita, joilla on mahdollisimman vähän sivuvaikutuksia. Perinteisesti yhdistelmäehkäisyvalmisteet ovat sisältäneet etinyyliestradiolia (EE), jonka on todettu heikentävän muun muassa rasva-aineenvaihduntaa ja korostavan matala-asteista tulehdusta. Hiljattain kehitetyt, luonnollisempia estrogeeneja sisältävät valmisteet tarjoavat uuden, mielenkiintoisen vaihtoehdon aiemmille yhdistelmille. Väitöskirjan pohjana on satunnaistettu ja kontrolloitu kliininen lääketutkimus SYLVI. 59 naista käyttivät 9 viikkoa yhtäjaksoisesti yhtä seuraavista valmisteista: EE+dienogesti (DNG, n=20), estradiolivaleraatti (EV)+DNG (n=20) tai pelkkä DNG (n=19). Paastoverinäytteet otettiin ennen valmisteen käyttöä sekä viidennellä ja yhdeksännellä käyttöviikolla. Valmisteiden vaikutuksia selvitettiin kohdentamattomalla proteomiikka-analyysillä sekä mittaamalla tulehdusmerkkiaineita ja rasva-arvoja. Hormonisäätelymuutoksia selvitettiin mittaamalla munasarjojen ja lisämunuaiskuoren steroidihormoneja, gonadotropiinit, anti-Müller-hormoni, sukupuolihormoneja sitova proteiini (SHBG) ja kortikosteroideja sitova proteiini (CBG). Tutkimusjakson aikana EE-pohjaisen valmisteen muuttamien proteiinien määrä oli moninkertainen verrattuna estradiolipohjaiseen valmisteeseen ja pelkkään progestiiniin. Nämä muuttuneet proteiinit liittyivät komplementtijärjestelmään, akuutin faasin signalointiin, aineenvaihdunnan säätelyyn sekä veren hyytymistekijöihin. Luonnollisemmalla estradiolipohjaisella yhdistelmällä oli lievemmät vaikutukset myös matala-asteiseen tulehdukseen, rasva-arvoihin, gonadotropiineihin sekä steroidihormoneihin ja näiden kuljettajaproteiineihin (SHBG, CBG) verrattuna synteettiseen EE-yhdistelmään. Tämä väitöskirjatutkimus korostaa luonnolliseen estrogeeniin pohjautuvan yhdistelmäehkäisyn neutraalimpia kokonaisvaikutuksia synteettiseen ja hyvin tehokkaaseen EE:iin verrattuna. Tähän saakka yhdistelmäehkäisyvalmisteen valinta on perustunut lähinnä eri progestiinien ominaisuuksiin, mutta karttuvan tiedon valossa myös estrogeenikomponentti tulisi huomioida. Tutkimustulokset kannustavat tutkimaan ja kehittämään luonnollista estrogeenia sisältäviä valmisteita.
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- 2022
131. The endometrium in disease:studies on endometrial stem cells, polycystic ovary syndrome, and stanniocalcin-1
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Khatun, M. (Masuma) and Piltonen, T. (Terhi T.)
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hypoxia ,RNA-sequencing ,human endometrium ,androgen ,stroomasolut ,progesterone ,stromal cell ,mesenkymaaliset kantasolut ,RNA-sekvenointi ,stanniocalcin-1 ,poly cystic ovary syndrome ,kohdunrungon syöpä ,8-br-cAMP ,decidualization ,estradiol ,endometrial cancer ,desidualisaatio ,kohdun limakalvo ,monirakkulainen munasarjaoireyhtymä (PCOS) ,mesenchymal stem cell ,androgeenit ,stannioklasiini-1 - Abstract
The human endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus, has a unique regenerative capacity to secure an optimal environment for embryo implantation. Any alterations in endometrial cell signaling may lead to suboptimal endometrial milieu and function, evident in gynecological disorders such as irregular menstruation, endometriosis, endometrial cancer (EC), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Indeed, a main target for the study, the PCOS endometrium, displays several endometrial aberrations involving disrupted steroid hormone regulation, metabolic dysfunction, and inflammation. Accordingly, endometrial cell populations, including endometrial stromal cells (eSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs), were investigated for their properties related to endometrial regeneration. These populations were compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bmMSCs), previously suggested to be involved in endometrial regeneration. Next, the steroid hormone-induced transcriptome profile of eSCs from women with PCOS (eSCPCOS) was assessed. Finally, the expression of stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1), a pro-survival factor, was explored in women with PCOS or EC. The studies revealed high proliferation and migration potential for bmMSCs and eMSCs, supporting their role in endometrial renewal. Moreover, a subtler cytokine profile in the endometrial cells compared to bmMSCs indicated immune tolerance, possibly facilitating embryo implantation. The transcriptome data of eSCPCOS indicated impaired function, as an altered expression of genes involved in progesterone action, metabolism, mitochondrial function, and inflammation was noted. Importantly, this alteration was present even without androgen exposure, although androgen exposure promoted the differences even further compared to a non-PCOS control (eSCCtrl). Hypoxia-induced STC-1 response in eSCPCOS was also tested, and blunted STC-1 expression was noted, indicating a diseased endometrium. Finally, the protective role of STC-1 was reinforced by the finding that high STC-1 expression is associated with favorable clinicopathological features in EC cases. The findings emphasize the favorable properties of bmMSCs and eMSCs for endometrial renewal. Moreover, eSCPCOS present with an altered gene expression profile and hypoxia-induced STC-1 expression that may contribute to a diseased endometrium in PCOS. Finally, high STC-1 expression is associated with a more beneficial EC profile. Tiivistelmä Kohdun limakalvo, endometrium, omaa ainutlaatuisen uudistumiskyvyn ja sen päätehtävä on tarjota alkiolle optimaalinen kiinnittymisympäristö. Kohdun säätelytekijöiden häiriintyminen voi johtaa poikkeavaan limakalvon toimintaan, joka on havaittu useiden gynekologisten tilojen kuten epäsäännöllisten kuukautisten, enodmetrioosin, kohdunrungon syövän (EC) ja monirakkulaisen munasarjaoireyhtymän (PCOS) yhteydessä. Tämän tutkimuksen yhtenä kohteena oli PCOS-naisten endometrium, jonka steroidihormonisäätelyssä, aineenvaihdunnassa ja tulehdustilassa on jo aiemmin havaittu poikkeavuuksia. Aiemmat tutkimukset huomioiden, väitöskirjan tarkoituksena oli tutkia endometriumin solupopulaatioita — stroomasoluja (eSC) ja mesenkymaalisia kantasoluja (eMSC) — ja erityisesti niiden endometriumin uusiutumiskykyyn liittyviä ominaisuuksia. Vertasimme em. soluja luuytimen mesenkymaalisiin kantasoluihin (bmMSC), joiden on myös ehdotettu osallistuvan endometriumin uusiutumiseen. Tutkimuksissa kiinnitimme erityistä huomiota solujen tulehdusprofiiliin, sillä tulehdustekijöiden on ajateltu olevan keskeisiä endometriumin uusiutumisessa. Tutkimme myös steroidihormonien vaikutusta geenien ilmentymiseen PCOS-naisten eSC-soluissa (eSCPCOS) verraten tuloksia soluihin, joilla ei ole todettu oireyhtymää. Selvitimme myös, miten solujen selviytymistä tukeva tekijä, stanniokalsiini-1 (STC-1), ilmenee eSCPCOS-soluissa sekä kohtusyöpäkudoksessa. Tutkimuksemme osoittivat bmMSC- ja eMSC-solujen omaavan lisääntyneen kasvu- ja liikkumispotentiaalin, mikä tukee näiden merkitystä endometriumin uusiutumisessa. Kohdun limakalvon solujen hillitympi tulehdusprofiili bmMSC-soluihin verrattuna viittaa suurempaan immunotoleranssiin, mikä edistänee alkion kiinnittymistä. Geenien ilmentymisprofiili osoitti, että eSCPCOS-solujen steroidihormonivaste on poikkeava, sillä havaitsimme keltarauhashormonivaikutukseen, aineenvaihduntaan, mitokondrioiden toimintaan ja tulehdukseen liittyviä muutoksia. Olennaista on, että muutokset havaittiin myös ilman miessukuhormonialtistusta, vaikkakin altistus vahvisti eroja entisestään. Testasimme myös hypoksiassa indusoituvan STC-1:n ilmentymistä ja havaitsimme sen olevan heikentynyt eSCPCOS-soluissa, viitaten PCOS-solujen poikkeavaan toimintaan. STC-1:n suojaavaa vaikutusta tuki myös havainto, jonka mukaan STC-1:n suurempi ilmentyminen on yhteydessä kohtusyövän suotuisampaan kliiniseen kuvaan. Tulokset korostavat bmMSC- ja eMSC-solujen merkitystä endometriumin uusiutumisessa. Geenien ilmenemisprofiili vaikuttaa olevan poikkeava eSCPCOS-soluissa, erityisesti STC-1:n ilmentymistä ajatellen. Korkea STC-1-ilmentyminen liittynee paremman ennusteen profiiliin kohtusyövässä.
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- 2021
132. The association of endometriosis on body size, pain perception, comorbidity and work ability in the Northern Finland Birth cohort 1966:long-term effects of endometriosis on women’s overall health
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Rossi, H.-R. (Henna-Riikka), Piltonen, T. (Terhi), and Uimari, O. (Outi)
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endometriosis ,comorbidity ,unemployment ,work ability ,kehon koko ,disability ,sairastavuus ,endometrioosi ,työkyky ,työttömyys ,body size ,pain perception ,kipuaistimus - Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic, benign gynecological disorder affecting 6–10% of women. It is defined by the presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity. Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent condition manifesting as early as adolescence in many cases. On the other hand, the disease symptoms tend to diminish at menopause due to ovarian aging and a lowered effect of estrogen. Clinical manifestations of endometriosis are pain, infertility, and fatigue. Altogether, endometriosis causes considerable burden and decreases quality of life in affected women during their reproductive years. Although earlier studies on endometriosis-related health aspects have been conducted on reproductive-aged women, research on the effect of endometriosis on women’s health during late fertility is comparatively lacking. The aims of this study were to investigate the association between endometriosis and body size from birth up to 46 years of age, to assess pain sensitivity and severity among women with endometriosis at late fertile age as well as the association between endometriosis and non-gynecological comorbidities. Furthermore, work ability and attachment to working life in women with endometriosis at late fertile age were also examined. The study population was derived from the Northern Finland Birth Cohorts 1966 (NFBC1966) with data linkage to several national registers. The results showed that endometriosis was associated with lower body weight and leaner body figure at reproductive age but not in childhood nor in adolescence. At late fertile age, a significant association between lean body size and endometriosis was shown only in cases of peritoneal endometriosis, but not in other subtypes. The results of pain sensitivity analysis showed that still at late fertile age, women with endometriosis had 5.5% lower pressure pain sensitivity and 5.3% lower pressure pain tolerance, and they also had more widespread and disturbing pain, than women without endometriosis. Women with endometriosis were shown to have over twofold increased odds for non-gynecological comorbidities. The association was strongest between endometriosis and allergic, infectious, and pain-causing diseases and non-specific symptoms. Lastly, endometriosis was associated with poor work ability and higher disability days at late fertile age, but not with unemployment or early disability retirement. Altogether, this study shows that even though endometriosis is considered a condition of reproductive age, it does seem to have health- and work-related implications up until late fertile age. Detecting endometriosis behind non-specific symptoms without long diagnostic delay is crucial in order to avoid the prolongation of symptoms. Women with endometriosis should be given more attention in terms of related comorbid conditions and targeted care with a multidisciplinary approach. Tiivistelmä Endometrioosi on krooninen, hyvänlaatuinen gynekologinen sairaus, jota esiintyy 6–10 %:lla fertiili-ikäisistä naisista. Endometrioosi määritellään kohdun limakalvon kaltaisen kudoksen esiintymisenä kohtuontelon ulkopuolella. Endometrioosi on estrogeeniriippuvainen sairaus, ja se puhkeaa yleensä kuukautiskierron käynnistymisen jälkeen. Taudin on ajateltu sammuvan estrogeenituotannon loppuessa vaihdevuosi-iässä. Endometrioosi aiheuttaa oireena mm. kipua, hedelmättömyyttä ja väsymystä, mikä johtaa elämänlaadun heikkenemiseen erityisesti lisääntymisiässä. Aiemmat tutkimukset endometrioosin vaikutuksista naisten terveyteen ovat pääasiassa tapaus-verrokkitutkimuksia ja keskittyvät lisääntymisiässä oleviin naisiin. Väestötason tutkimukset endometrioosin vaikutuksesta naisten terveyteen hedelmällisen iän loppupuolella puuttuvat lähes kokonaan. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli arvioida endometrioosin ja kehon koon ja kehon muodon välistä yhteyttä syntymästä 46 ikävuoteen asti. Toiseksi tavoitteenamme oli tutkia endometrioosia sairastavien naisten kipuaistimuksia hedelmällisen iän loppupuolella, sekä endometrioosin ja ei-gynekologisten sairauksien välistä yhteyttä. Lopuksi tutkimme endometrioosia sairastavien naisten työkykyä, työttömyyttä ja varhaista eläköitymistä keski-ikään saakka. Tutkimuksen populaatio koostuu Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohortti 1966:sta ja aineisto on yhdistetty useisiin kansallisiin rekisteriaineistoihin. Tulokset osoittivat, että lapsuuden ajan ruumiinrakenne on yhtäläinen endometrioosia sairastavilla naisilla verrattuna naisiin, joilla ei ole todettu endometrioosia. Hedelmällisessä iässä endometrioosia sairastavat naiset ovat hoikempia, mutta myöhäisessä hedelmällisessä iässä endometrioosin ja hoikkuuden välinen yhteys ilmeni vain naisilla, jotka sairastivat peritoneaalista endometrioosin alatyyppiä viitaten mahdolliseen endometrioosin alatyyppien välisiin eroihin patogeneesissa. Tarkasteltaessa endometrioosia sairastavien naisten kipumittausten tuloksia havaittiin, että endometrioosia sairastavilla naisilla oli 5,5 % matalampi kipukynnys ja 5,3 % matalampi maksimaalinen kivunsieto. Kipu oli myös laaja-alaisempaa ja häiritsevämpää vielä myöhäisessä hedelmällisessä iässä verrattuna naisiin, joilla ei ole todettua endometrioosia. Endometrioosia sairastavilla naisilla todettiin yli kaksinkertainen riski muihin ei-gynekologisiin sairauksiin, erityisesti allergioihin, infektioihin ja kipusairauksiin sekä autoimmuuni- ja erityyppisiin ei-spesifisiin oireisiin kuin naisilla ilman todettua endometrioosia. Lopuksi, endometrioosilla näytti olevan yhteys heikentyneeseen työkykyyn ja endometrioosia sairastavilla naisilla ilmeni enemmän sairaslomapäiviä vielä myöhäisessä lisääntymisiässä. Toisaalta lisääntynyttä riskiä työkyvyttömyyteen tai varhaiseen eläköitymiseen ei todettu. Tutkimus osoittaa, että endometrioosilla on haitallisia vaikutuksia naisten terveyteen vielä myöhäisessä hedelmällisessä iässä. Endometrioosin varhainen havaitseminen on tärkeää asianmukaisen hoidon tarjoamiseksi ja oireiden pitkittymisen välttämiseksi. On tärkeää tarjota endometrioosia sairastaville naisille asiantuntevaa informaatiota taudin vaikutuksista heidän elämäänsä sekä moniammatillista endometrioosin kokonaisvaltaista hoitoa.
- Published
- 2021
133. Long-term consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome on mental health and health-related quality of life
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Karjula, S. (Salla) and Piltonen, T. (Terhi)
- Subjects
masennus ,psykoosit ,aging ,terveyteen liittyvä elämänlaatu ,anxiety ,health-related quality of life ,hyperandrogenism ,ikääntyminen ,psychological distress ,hyperandrogenismi ,polycystic ovary syndrome ,depression ,psyykkinen stressi ,monirakkulainen munasarjaoireyhtymä ,ahdistus ,psychosis - Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women. It affects 9–18% of the female population, but often remains undiagnosed. In addition to the common somatic comorbidities of the syndrome, including decreased fertility and hormonal and metabolic issues, there is emerging evidence showing higher risk for psychological distress, especially depression and anxiety, in PCOS. Furthermore, the latest studies indicate an increased prevalence of more severe psychiatric diseases, e.g., schizophrenia, in females with PCOS. Thus, PCOS exerts a severe health burden which decreases the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Despite increasing interest and research, it is still unclear how the psychological and psychiatric health and HRQoL of women with PCOS are affected through aging up to menopause, as most studies have been conducted on reproductive-aged women. The main aim of this work was to assess the risk for psychological distress and decreased HRQoL in PCOS during two different time points, at age 31 and 46, using data from the prospective longitudinal Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC66). Additionally, the long-term psychosis risk in women with PCOS was assessed by linking the NFBC66 data with the national registers. The results showed a higher prevalence of anxiety and/or depression symptoms in women with PCOS at both ages. The lifetime risk for depression was nearly 2-fold higher up to age 46. PCOS was also associated with a 3-fold higher risk for psychosis until age 50, even after adjusting for parental history of psychosis, which is the most common risk factor. The affected women showed a lower HRQoL up to age 46, in addition to a decreased health status and life satisfaction. The analyses indicated that the findings could not be explained by overweight, obesity, hyperandrogenism, or infertility. Overall, the findings suggest that PCOS is an independent risk factor for psychological distress up to a late reproductive age. The study showed that women with PCOS have an increased risk for psychosis and that they experience a long-term decrease in their HRQoL. These observations highlight the need to recognize the long-term health impacts of PCOS beyond metabolic and fertility issues, especially regarding psychological distress and quality of life. Tiivistelmä Monirakkulainen munasarjaoireyhtymä (PCOS) on lisääntymisikäisten naisten yleisin hormonaalinen häiriö. Sen esiintyvyys on 9–18 % naisväestössä, mutta se on yleisesti kuitenkin alidiagnosoitu. Tavallisten somaattisten liitännäisongelmien, kuten alentuneen hedelmällisyyden sekä metabolisten vaikutusten lisäksi PCOS on näyttänyt lisääntyvässä määrin olevan yhteydessä myös psyykkisten ongelmien riskiin, esimerkiksi masennukseen ja ahdistuneisuuteen. Tämän lisäksi viimeisimmät tutkimustulokset ovat osoittaneet, että myös vakavampien mielenterveyden sairauksien, kuten skitsofrenian, esiintyvyys on kasvanut PCOS-naisilla. PCOS aiheuttaakin merkittävän terveysriskin naisille, mikä johtaa terveyteen liittyvän elämänlaadun laskuun. Lisääntyneestä kiinnostuksesta ja tutkimuksista huolimatta on edelleen epäselvää, miten PCOS:n vaikutukset psyykkiseen terveyteen ja elämänlaatuun mahdollisesti muuttuvat lähestyttäessä vaihdevuosia, sillä aiemmat tutkimukset ovat pääasiassa käsitelleet lisääntymisikäisiä naisia. Tämän työn päätavoite oli tutkia PCOS-naisten psyykkistä terveyttä ja elämänlaatua 31- ja 46-vuotiaina käyttäen tutkimusaineistona Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohorttia 1966. Lisäksi PCOS-naisten pitkäaikaista psykoosiriskiä tutkittiin hyödyntämällä syntymäkohortin lisäksi kansallisia rekisteritietoja. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittivat ahdistus- ja/tai masennusoireiden lisääntyneen PCOS-naisilla molemmissa aikapisteissä. Masennusriski oli lähes kaksinkertainen ikävuoteen 46 mennessä kontrolleihin verrattuna. Psykoosiriski 50 vuoden ikään mennessä oli kolminkertainen, vaikka huomioon otettiin vanhempien psykoosihistoria. Oireisilla naisilla myös elämänlaatu sekä itsearvioidut elämäntyytyväisyys ja terveydentila olivat heikentyneet 46-vuotiaaksi saakka. Analyysit osoittivat myös sen, etteivät ylipaino, hypernadrogenismi tai infertiliteetti selittäneet löydöksiä. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittivat PCOS:n olevan itsenäinen riskitekijä psyykkisen terveyden heikentymiselle ja elämänlaadun laskulle vaihdevuosiin saakka. Tutkimus osoitti myös psykoosiriskin olevan kohonnut. Tutkimustulokset korostavat tarvetta tunnistaa PCOS:n pitkäaikaisvaikutuksia myös metaboliaan ja lisääntymiseen liittyvien seikkojen ulkopuolelta, erityisesti koskien psyykkistä terveyttä ja elämänlaatua.
- Published
- 2021
134. 365 Effect of oral contraceptives containing estradiol valerate vs. ethinyl estradiol on coagulation biomarkers: A randomized clinical trial.
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Haverinen, A., Luiro, K., Szanto, T., Kangasniemi, M., Hiltunen, L., Sainio, S., Piltonen, T., Lassilla, R., Tapanainen, J., and Heikinheimo, O.
- Subjects
- *
ETHINYL estradiol , *CLINICAL trials , *ORAL contraceptives , *ESTRADIOL - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
135. The role of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and overweight/obesity in women’s metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors and related morbidities
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Ollila, M.-M. (Meri-Maija), Morin-Papunen, L. (Laure), and Piltonen, T. (Terhi)
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munasarjojen monirakkulatauti ,hypertension ,endocrine system diseases ,tyypin 2 diabetes ,autonomic nervous system ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,body mass index ,prediabetes ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,cardiovascular diseases ,hyperandrogenism ,hyperandrogenismi ,polycystic ovary syndrome ,autonominen hermosto ,sydän- ja verisuonitaudit ,type 2 diabetes ,painoindeksi ,verenpainetauti ,metabolism ,aineenvaihdunta - Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder affecting reproductive aged women, with reproductive, metabolic and cardiovascular implications across the life span. The typical features of PCOS include irregular menstruation, androgen excess and polycystic ovaries in ultrasonography. The majority of women with PCOS are overweight or obese, and, at least partly, obesity-driven metabolic abnormalities often coexist with PCOS. Despite intensive research, it has remained unclear whether PCOS per se is a risk factor of metabolic abnormalities, and cardiovascular disease and events. The main aim of the current work was to investigate whether PCOS is an independent risk factor of metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular diseases. The study population consisted of the prospective population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, and we used data collected at ages 14, 31 and 46. The definition of PCOS was based on self-reported PCOS symptoms at age 31 and/or PCOS diagnosis by age 46. The results revealed that weight gain in early life was a risk factor for the development of PCOS. As for metabolic outcomes, at age 46, normal-weight women with PCOS did not display increased odds of abnormal glucose metabolism. However, weight gain during early adulthood was significantly associated with abnormal glucose metabolism in women with PCOS by age 46. Interestingly, PCOS per se was already associated with elevated blood pressure at age 31 and hypertension at age 46, independently of obesity. Women with PCOS also displayed reduced cardiac vagal activity, which was associated with metabolic abnormalities and hypertension. Furthermore, even though no major anatomical or functional impairments were observed in echocardiography, women with PCOS displayed a significantly greater prevalence of myocardial infarction and a two-fold higher prevalence of cardiovascular events than controls. In conclusion, our findings indicate that even though PCOS is an independent risk factor of metabolic derangements, related obesity is a major metabolic risk factor in these women. The role of PCOS in cardiovascular events per se remains controversial and requires follow-up of this cohort. Given all this, maintaining normal weight and preventing weight gain, especially during early adulthood, should be the main priority in the prevention of adverse metabolic changes in women with PCOS. Tiivistelmä Munasarjojen monirakkulaoireyhtymä (polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS) on lisääntymisikäisten naisten yleisin hormonaalinen häiriö aiheuttaen runsaasti sairastavuutta ja terveydenhuollon kustannuksia. PCOS:n diagnostisiin kriteereihin kuuluvat epäsäännöllinen kuukautiskierto, lisääntynyt miessukupuoli-hormonivaikutus sekä monirakkulaiset munasarjat. Merkittävä osa oireyhtymää sairastavista naisista on ylipainoisia tai lihavia ja oireyhtymän kanssa yhtä aikaa esiintyykin useita, ainakin osittain ylipainosta johtuvia, metabolisia häiriöitä. Lukuisista tutkimuksista huolimatta on kuitenkin epäselvää, altistaako PCOS itsessään metabolisille häiriöille sekä sydän- ja verisuonisairauksille. Väitöskirjatutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää, onko PCOS itsenäinen metabolisten ja sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien riskiä lisäävä tekijä. Tutkimus pohjautui Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohortti 1966 tutkimuksen 14-, 31- ja 46-vuotisseurantoihin. PCOS luokittelu perustui 31- ja 46-vuotiskyselyissä itse ilmoitettuihin tyypillisiin PCOS oireisiin ja/tai diagnoosiin. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että 14- ja 31-ikävuoden välillä tapahtuva painonnousu oli yhteydessä PCOS diagnoosiin myöhemmällä iällä. 46-vuotiaana normaalipainoisilla PCOS naisilla ei ollut suurentunut tyypin 2 diabetes riski, mutta painonnousu varhaisaikuisuudessa oli merkittävästi yhteydessä sokeriaineenvaihdunnan häiriöön PCOS naisilla. PCOS oli yhteydessä kohonneeseen verenpaineeseen 31-vuotiaana ja hypertensioon 46-vuotiaana ylipainosta riippumatta. Oireyhtymään liittyvät metaboliset häiriöt olivat tärkein sydämen autonomisen hermoston säätelyyn vaikuttava tekijää, kun taas PCOS itsessään ei vaikuttanut autonomisen hermoston toimintaan. PCOS:ään sairastavien naisten sydämen rakenne ja funktio eivät merkitsevästi poikenneet kontrolloiden vastaavista muuttujista. Kuitenkin suhteellisen nuoresta iästä huolimatta PCOS naisilla esiintyi enemmän sydäninfarkteja ja kaksi kertaa enemmän sydän- ja verisuonitapahtumia, kuin kontrolleilla. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että vaikkakin PCOS on itsenäinen riskitekijä metabolisille häiriöille, oireyhtymään liittyvä ylipaino vaikuttaa merkittävästi metabolisten häiriöiden esiintymiseen. PCOS:n ja sydän- ja verisuonitautitapahtumien yhteyden tarkempi tutkiminen vaatii kohortin jatkoseurantaa. Painonhallinnan tukemisen tulisi olla PCOS:ää sairastavien naisten hoidon kulmakivi.
- Published
- 2019
136. Androgen secretion and cardiovascular risk factors in women with and without PCOS:studies on age-related changes and medical intervention
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Puurunen, J. (Johanna), Tapanainen, J. (Juha), and Piltonen, T. (Terhi)
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endocrine system diseases ,vaihdevuodet ,combined hormonal contraceptives ,suun kautta annostelu ,menopause ,emättimen kautta annostelu ,statins ,hyperandrogenism ,hormonaalinen yhdistelmäehkäisy ,ihon kautta annostelu ,intravaginal administration ,hyperandrogenismi ,insulin resistance ,statiinit ,androgeenit ,tulehdus ,oral administration ,aging ,androgens ,insuliiniresistenssi ,cardiovascular diseases ,ikääntyminen ,inflammation ,polycystic ovary syndrome ,sydän- ja verisuonitaudit ,monirakkulainen munasarjaoireyhtymä ,cutaneous administration ,CRP - Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. The main features of the syndrome include menstrual irregularities and hyperandrogenism. In addition to symptoms related to fertility, some women also suffer from an unfavourable metabolic profile including impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidaemia and low-grade chronic inflammation. In the present studies we aimed to investigate the role of age on adrenal and ovarian androgen secretion in 79 women with PCOS and 98 healthy women, with special focus on the menopause. Furthermore, we studied the effects of combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) administered orally, transdermally and vaginally (n=42, healthy women, 9 weeks) and atorvastatin treatment (n=28, women with PCOS, 6 months) on androgen levels and metabolic factors. Androgen secretion capacity was analysed by using adrenal and ovarian stimulation tests and glucose tolerance by using oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests. Furthermore, chronic inflammation was assessed via assay of C-reactive protein and pentraxin-3. Basal and stimulated adrenal and ovarian androgen production was elevated and levels remained higher in women with PCOS compared with healthy women even after the menopause. Furthermore, women with PCOS presented with enhanced insulin resistance and chronic inflammation, which persisted beyond menopausal transition. During CHC treatment, the route of administration was insignificant, and all treatments impaired insulin sensitivity and increased chronic inflammation. In women with PCOS, treatment with atorvastatin improved chronic inflammation and the lipid profile as expected, but worsened glucose tolerance and did not affect testosterone levels. Regardless of strict exclusion criteria, where only relatively healthy women with PCOS were recruited, the results showed that enhanced androgen secretion and unfavourable metabolic alterations associated with PCOS persist through menopausal transition. The findings emphasize the importance of monitoring glucose metabolism during the use of CHCs, especially in women with known risks of type 2 diabetes. Atorvastatin treatment exacerbates insulin resistance in women with PCOS and therefore the treatment should only be considered after individual risk assessment of cardiovascular disease and not just because of PCOS. Tiivistelmä Monirakkulainen munasarjaoireyhtymä (PCOS) on hedelmällisessä iässä olevien naisten yleisin hormonaalinen ongelma. Tyypillisiä PCOS:n oireita ovat munarakkuloiden epäsäännöllisestä kypsymisestä johtuvat kuukautiskierron häiriöt ja miessukuhormonien eli androgeenien liikatuotanto. Hedelmällisyyttä heikentävien oireiden lisäksi PCOS:än liittyy aineenvaihdunnan ongelmia, kuten heikentynyttä sokerinsietoa sekä taipumus rasva-aineenvaihdunnan häiriöihin ja krooniseen tulehdukseen. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin ikääntymisen ja vaihdevuosien vaikutuksia lisämunuais- ja munasarjaperäiseen androgeenieritykseen 79 PCOS-naisella ja 98 terveellä naisella. Lisäksi tutkittiin eri yhdistelmäehkäisyvalmisteiden antoreittien (suu, iho, emätin) (n=42, terveet naiset, 9 viikkoa) ja atorvastatiinihoidon (n=28, PCOS-naiset, 6 kuukautta) vaikutuksia androgeenitasoihin ja aineenvaihdunnallisiin muuttujiin. Androgeenieritystä tutkittiin lisämunuaisten ja munasarjojen stimulaatiotesteillä ja sokeriaineenvaihdunnan muutoksia suun kautta ja suonensisäisesti tehtävillä sokerirasituskokeilla. Tulehduksellista tilaa mitattiin määrittämällä C-reaktiivisen proteiinin ja pentraksiini-3:n pitoisuuksia. Lisämunuaisten ja munasarjojen androgeenieritys oli PCOS-naisilla lisääntynyt terveisiin naisiin verrattuna, ja ero säilyi vaihdevuosi-iän jälkeen. PCOS-naisilla esiintyi myös enemmän heikentynyttä sokerinsietoa ja kroonista tulehdusta vielä vaihdevuosi-iän jälkeenkin. Hormonaalinen yhdistelmäehkäisy heikensi insuliiniherkkyyttä sekä pahensi pitkäaikaista tulehdusta annostelureitistä riippumatta. Atorvastatiinihoito puolestaan paransi pitkäaikaista tulehdusta sekä rasva-aineenvaihduntaa PCOS-naisilla, mutta huononsi sokerinsietoa ja insuliiniherkkyyttä eikä sillä ollut vaikutusta testosteronitasoihin. Koska poissulkukriteerit olivat tiukat, tutkimuksiin valikoitui varsin terveitä PCOS-naisia. Siitä huolimatta osoittautui, että PCOS:än liittyvä lisääntynyt androgeenituotanto sekä epäedulliset aineenvaihdunnan muutokset jatkuvat vielä vaihdevuosi-iän jälkeen. Hormonaalisen yhdistelmäehkäisyn käytön aikana olisi hyvä seurata sokeriaineenvaihdunnan muutoksia erityisesti niillä naisilla, joilla on kohonnut riski sairastua aikuistyypin diabetekseen. Atorvastatiinihoito huonontaa PCOS-naisilla insuliiniherkkyyttä, minkä vuoksi hoito tulisi aloittaa vain yksilöllisen riskiarvion perusteella.
- Published
- 2015
137. Response to Letter to the Editor From de Zegher and Ibáñez: "Metformin and Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills in the Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis".
- Author
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Melin J, Forslund M, Alesi S, Piltonen T, Romualdi D, Spritzer PM, Tay CT, Pena A, Witchel SF, Teede H, and Mousa A
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- Humans, Female, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome drug therapy, Metformin therapeutic use, Contraceptives, Oral, Combined therapeutic use, Contraceptives, Oral, Combined administration & dosage, Hypoglycemic Agents therapeutic use
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
138. Recommendations from the 2024 Australian evidence-based guideline for unexplained infertility: ADAPTE process from the ESHRE evidence-based guideline on unexplained infertility.
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Costello MF, Norman RJ, Rombauts L, Farquhar CM, Bedson L, Kong M, Boothroyd CV, Kerner R, Garad RM, Loos T, Flanagan M, Mol BW, Mousa A, Romualdi D, Ata B, Bosch E, Dos Santos-Ribeiro S, Gersak K, Homburg R, Le Clef N, Mincheva M, Piltonen T, Somers S, Sunkara SK, Verhoeve H, and Teede HJ
- Abstract
Introduction: The 2024 Australian evidence-based guideline for unexplained infertility provides clinicians with evidence-based recommendations for the optimal diagnostic workup for infertile couples to establish the diagnosis of unexplained infertility and optimal therapeutic approach to treat couples diagnosed with unexplained infertility in the Australian health care setting. The guideline recommendations were adapted for the Australian context from the rigorous, comprehensive European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) 2023 Evidence-based guideline: unexplained infertility, using the ADAPTE process and have been approved by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council., Main Recommendations: The guideline includes 40 evidence-based recommendations, 21 practice points and three research recommendations addressing: definition - defining infertility and frequency of intercourse, infertility and age, female and male factor infertility; diagnosis - ovulation, ovarian reserve, tubal factor, uterine factor, laparoscopy, cervical/vaginal factor, male factor, additional testing for systemic conditions; and treatment - expectant management, active treatment, mechanical-surgical procedures, alternative therapeutic approaches, quality of life. CHANGES IN ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT RESULTING FROM THE GUIDELINE: This guideline refines the definition of unexplained infertility and addresses basic diagnostic procedures for infertility assessment not considered in previous guidelines on unexplained infertility. For therapeutic approaches, consideration of evidence quality, efficacy, safety and, in the Australian setting, feasibility, acceptability, cost, implementation and ultimately recommendation strength were integrated across multidisciplinary expertise and consumer perspectives in adapting recommendations to the Australian context by using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework, which had not been used in past guidelines on unexplained infertility to formulate recommendations. The Australian process also included an established data integrity check to ensure evidence could be trusted to guide practice. Practice points were added and expanded to consider the Australian setting. No evidence-based recommendations were underpinned by high quality evidence, with most having low or very low quality evidence. In this context, research recommendations were made including those for the Australian context. The full guideline and technical report are publicly available online and can be accessed at https://www.monash.edu/medicine/mchri/infertility and are supported by extensive translation resources, including the free patient ASKFertility mobile application (https://www.askfertility.org/)., (© 2024 The Author(s). Medical Journal of Australia published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of AMPCo Pty Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
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139. Roxadustat alleviates metabolic traits in letrozole-induced PCOS mice.
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Virtanen N, Saarela U, Karpale M, Arffman RK, Mäkelä KA, Herzig KH, Koivunen P, and Piltonen T
- Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent disorder in women that is commonly accompanied by metabolic syndrome. Activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway is known to alleviate metabolic defects. Hence, this study utilized a preclinical PCOS mouse model to investigate the effects of chemically induced HIF activation on the metabolic traits of PCOS. Prepubertal letrozole treatment was used to generate a PCOS mouse model in the C57Bl6/J strain, and PCOS mice were orally treated with vehicle or roxadustat for six weeks from age 12 weeks onwards to induce HIF activation. Although the PCOS mice showed impaired glucose tolerance, increased insulin resistance, elevated blood lipids, and reduced muscle glycogen content, there was no difference in histological evaluations of white adipose tissue (WAT) or liver or in organ weights. Roxadustat treatment resulted in significant improvement in glucose tolerance (27 % reduction in area under the curve (AUC) values, p < 0.0001), fasting glucose levels (4.59 ± 0.83 mmol/l vs 3.05 ± 0.62 mmol/l, p < 0.0001) and insulin resistance (46 % reduction in homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values, 6.76 ± 3.72 vs 3.64 ± 2.44, p = 0.019) compared to vehicle-treated mice without altering the body weight. Gene expression analyses with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and RNA sequencing revealed significant differences in gene expression in the tissues of PCOS mice compared to control mice, whereas the transcriptomic effects of roxadustat were mainly transient. However, immunohistochemistry revealed increased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in WAT, which may indicate WAT browning related to HIF pathway activation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Terhi T. Piltonen reports financial support was provided by Novo Nordisk Foundation. Terhi T. Piltonen and Peppi Koivunen reports financial support was provided by Sigrid Jusélius Foundation. Peppi Koivunen reports financial support was provided by Jane and Aatos Erkko Fundation. Terhi T. Piltonen and Peppi Koivunen reports financial support was provided by Research Council of Finland. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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140. Epidemiologically relevant phthalates affect human endometrial cells in vitro through cell specific gene expression changes related to the cytoskeleton and mitochondria.
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Visser N, Silva AV, Tarvainen I, Damdimopoulos A, Davey E, Roos K, Björvang RD, Kallak TK, Lager S, Lavogina D, Laws M, Piltonen T, Salumets A, Flaws JA, Öberg M, Velthut-Meikas A, Damdimopoulou P, and Olovsson M
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- Humans, Female, Adult, Epithelial Cells drug effects, Epithelial Cells metabolism, Cell Line, Cells, Cultured, Environmental Pollutants toxicity, Gene Expression drug effects, Stromal Cells drug effects, Stromal Cells metabolism, Middle Aged, Endometrium drug effects, Endometrium cytology, Endometrium metabolism, Cytoskeleton drug effects, Phthalic Acids toxicity, Mitochondria drug effects, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Endocrine Disruptors toxicity
- Abstract
Phthalates are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) found in common consumer products such as soft plastics and cosmetics. Although the knowledge regarding the adverse effects of phthalates on female fertility are accumulating, information on the hormone sensitive endometrium is still scarce. Here, we studied the effects of phthalates on endometrial cell proliferation and gene expression. Human endometrial primary epithelial and stromal cells were isolated from healthy fertile-aged women (n=3), and were compared to endometrial cell lines T-HESC and Ishikawa. Three different epidemiologically relevant phthalate mixtures were used, defined by urine samples in the Midlife Women Health Study (MWHS) cohort. Mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) was used as a single phthalate control. Cells were harvested for proliferation testing and transcriptomic analyses after 24 h exposure. Even though all cell models responded differently to the phthalate exposures, many overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs, FDR<0.1), related to cell adhesion, cytoskeleton and mitochondria were found in all cell types. The qPCR analysis confirmed that MEHHP significantly affected cell adhesion gene vinculin (VCL) and NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B7 (NDUFB7), important for oxidative phosphorylation. Benchmark dose modelling showed that MEHHP had significant concentration-dependent effects on cytoskeleton gene actin-beta (ACTB). In conclusion, short 24 h phthalate exposures significantly altered gene expression cell-specifically in human endometrial cells, with six shared DEGs. The mixture effects were similar to those of MEHHP, suggesting MEHHP could be the main driver in the mixture. Impact of phthalate exposures on endometrial functions including receptivity should be addressed., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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141. Limiting access to assisted reproductive technologies for males of advanced age-Pros and cons from a Nordic perspective.
- Author
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Hanevik HI, Bergh C, Laivuori H, Spangmose AL, Magnusson Å, Pinborg A, and Piltonen T
- Abstract
It is not controversial to state that parental age is increasing in several countries. But how to deal with this increase might be. Some Nordic countries have set an upper age limit for females seeking assisted reproduction in their national legislation, but none have done so for males. There are also recommendations in place that restrict access to publicly funded assisted reproduction for both females and males of advanced age in some Nordic countries. As recent data now show somatic and psychiatric health risks related to advanced paternal age, we ask if the time has come for countries to set an upper age limit for males seeking assisted reproduction like there already is for females, and summarize some of the risks and rewards involved in treating couples with advanced age in fertility clinics., (© 2024 The Author(s). Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology (NFOG).)
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- 2024
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142. New update of the international PCOS guideline-Focus on evidence-based medicine in the treatment of PCOS.
- Author
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Forslund M, Melin J, and Piltonen T
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- Humans, Female, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome therapy, Evidence-Based Medicine, Practice Guidelines as Topic
- Published
- 2024
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143. Prospective risk of Type 2 diabetes in 99 892 Nordic women with polycystic ovary syndrome and 446 055 controls: national cohort study from Denmark, Finland, and Sweden.
- Author
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Glintborg D, Ollila MM, Møller JK, Pesonen P, Persson S, Elenis E, Rubin KH, Gissler M, Andersen MS, Sundström-Poromaa I, and Piltonen T
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Adult, Denmark epidemiology, Sweden epidemiology, Finland epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Young Adult, Cohort Studies, Registries, Middle Aged, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome epidemiology, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Body Mass Index
- Abstract
Study Question: What is the prospective risk of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Nordic women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared to controls?, Summary Answer: A diagnosis of PCOS and BMI ≥30 kg/m2 is a high-risk phenotype for a prospective risk of T2D diagnosis across Nordic countries., What Is Known Already: The risk of T2D in women with PCOS is increased. The risk of T2D is related to BMI and the magnitude of risk in normal weight women with PCOS has been discussed. However, prospective data regarding risk of T2D in population-based cohorts of women with PCOS are limited., Study Design, Size, Duration: This national register-based study included women with PCOS and age-matched controls. The main study outcome was T2D diagnosis occurring after PCOS diagnosis. T2D was defined according to ICD-10 diagnosis codes and/or filled medicine prescriptions of anti-diabetic medication excluding metformin., Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: The study cohort included women originating from Denmark (PCOS Denmark, N = 27 016; controls, N = 133 994), Finland (PCOS Finland, N = 20 467; controls, N = 58 051), and Sweden (PCOS Sweden, N = 52 409; controls, N = 254 010). The median age at cohort entry was 28 years in PCOS Denmark, Finland, and Sweden with a median follow-up time (interquartile range) in women with PCOS of 8.5 (4.0-14.8), 9.8 (5.1-15.1), and 6.0 (2.0-10.0) years, respectively. Cox regression analyses were adjusted for BMI and length of education., Main Results and the Role of Chance: The crude hazard ratio (HR, 95% CI) for T2D diagnosis in women with PCOS was 4.28 (3.98-4.60) in Denmark, 3.40 (3.11-3.74) in Finland, and 5.68 (5.20-6.21) in Sweden. In adjusted regression analyses, BMI ≥30 vs <25 kg/m2 was associated with a 7.6- to 11.3-fold risk of T2D. In a combined meta-analysis (PCOS, N = 99 892; controls, N = 446 055), the crude HR for T2D in PCOS was 4.64 (3.40-5.87) and, after adjustment for BMI and education level, the HR was 2.92 (2.32-3.51)., Limitations, Reasons for Caution: Inclusion of more severe cases of PCOS in the present study design could have lead to an overestimation of risk estimates in our exposed population. However, some women in the control group would have undiagnosed PCOS, which would lead to an underestimation of T2D risk in women with PCOS. BMI data were not available for all participants. The present study should be repeated in study cohorts with higher background risks of T2D, particularly in populations of other ethnicities., Wider Implications of the Findings: The prospective risk for diagnosis of T2D is increased in women with PCOS, and the risk is aggravated in women with BMI ≥30 kg/m2., Study Funding/competing Interest(s): Funding in Denmark was from the Region of Southern Denmark, Overlægerådet, Odense University Hospital. Funding in Finland was from Novo Nordisk Foundation, Finnish Research Council and Sigrid Juselius Foundation, the National Regional Fund, Sakari Alhopuro Foundation and Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation. E.E. has received a research grant from Ferring Pharmaceuticals (payment to institution) and serves as medical advisor for Tilly AB, not related to this manuscript. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest., Trial Registration Number: N/A., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2024
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144. Effects of E4/DRSP on self-reported physical and emotional premenstrual and menstrual symptoms: data from the phase 3 clinical trial in Europe and Russia.
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Bitzer J, Bouchard C, Zatik J, Weyers S, Piltonen T, Suturina L, Apolikhina I, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Jost M, Creinin MD, and Foidart JM
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Adult, Russia, Young Adult, Europe, Middle Aged, Adolescent, Drug Combinations, Surveys and Questionnaires, Dysmenorrhea drug therapy, Dysmenorrhea psychology, Premenstrual Syndrome drug therapy, Premenstrual Syndrome psychology, Androstenes therapeutic use, Self Report
- Abstract
Purpose: To describe the effects of estetrol (E4) 15 mg / drospirenone (DRSP) 3 mg on physical and emotional premenstrual and menstrual symptoms., Materials and Methods: We used Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) data from a phase-3 trial (NCT02817828) in Europe and Russia with participants (18 - 50 years) using E4/DRSP for up to 13 cycles. We assessed mean changes in MDQ- t -scores from baseline to end of treatment in premenstrual (4 days before most recent flow) and menstrual (most recent flow) scores for 4 MDQ domains in starters and switchers (use of hormonal contraception in prior 3 months) and performed a shift analysis on individual symptoms within each domain., Results: Of 1,553 treated participants, 1,398(90.0%), including 531(38%) starters, completed both MDQs. Starters reported improvements for premenstrual Pain (-1.4), Water Retention (-3.3) and Negative Affect (-2.5); and for menstrual Pain (-3.5), Water Retention (-3.4), and Negative Affect (-2.7) (all p < 0.01). For switchers, no changes were significant except an increase in premenstrual (+1.0, p = 0.02) and menstrual (+1.5, p = 0.003) Water Retention. We observed a change in symptom intensity in >40% of participants for Cramps, Backache and Fatigue (domain Pain), Painful or Tender Breast and Swelling (domain Water Retention) and Mood Swings and Irritability (domain Negative Affect)., Conclusion: E4/DRSP starters experienced significant improvements in the domains Pain, Water Retention and Negative Affect particularly benefiting those with more severe baseline symptoms. Switchers showed minimal changes.
- Published
- 2024
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145. Laser and Light-Based Therapies for Hirsutism Management in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review.
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Tan K, Coster T, Mousa A, Mar A, Piltonen T, Boyle JA, Teede H, Joham A, Romualdi D, and Tay CT
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Combined Modality Therapy, Laser Therapy methods, Low-Level Light Therapy methods, Metformin therapeutic use, Metformin administration & dosage, Phototherapy methods, Treatment Outcome, Hair Removal methods, Hirsutism therapy, Hirsutism etiology, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome complications, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome therapy
- Abstract
Importance: Hirsutism represents a significant concern for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), with deleterious psychological effects warranting acknowledgment and a clear imperative to provide effective management. To our knowledge, this is the first review to exclusively examine the effectiveness of laser and light-based therapies in addressing hirsutism in women with PCOS., Objective: To synthesize the existing literature regarding the effectiveness of laser and light hair reduction therapies, either as stand-alone treatments or in combination with systemic agents, in treating hirsutism for women with PCOS., Evidence Review: A systematic literature review was performed using MEDLINE, Embase, EMCARE, and CINAHL according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. Articles written in English, reporting on patients who met pre-established inclusion criteria were selected. Objective and subjectively measured outcomes relating to the effect of laser or light-based hair reduction therapies on hirsutism were abstracted. Heterogeneity among included studies precluded a meta-analysis, necessitating a narrative synthesis., Findings: Six studies reporting data on 423 individual patients with PCOS who underwent laser or light-based hair reduction therapies were included: 4 randomized clinical trials and 2 cohort studies. Alexandrite laser demonstrated significant improvements in hirsutism severity and psychological outcomes, particularly at high-fluence application. Alexandrite laser was also found to be more effective than intense pulsed light (IPL). The combination of diode laser with either metformin or combined oral contraceptive pill was superior to the application of diode laser alone, just as the addition of metformin to IPL demonstrated superior results to IPL treatment alone. Overall, most interventions were well tolerated. The overall certainty of evidence across all outcomes and comparisons was limited in part due to the observational nature of some studies., Conclusions and Relevance: This systematic review highlights the potential of laser and light hair reduction therapies, both as stand-alone treatments and in combination with other pharmacological agents in PCOS. However, this review was limited by low certainty of the evidence, few studies evaluating effectiveness and safety in those with skin of color, and heterogeneity in outcome assessment. Future studies are needed to provide more robust evidence among diverse individuals with PCOS and hirsutism.
- Published
- 2024
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146. Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus present an accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors at age 46-A birth cohort study.
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Bakiris E, Luiro K, Jokelainen J, Morin-Papunen L, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kaikkonen K, Piltonen T, Tapanainen JS, and Auvinen J
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Pregnancy, Finland epidemiology, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Birth Cohort, Cohort Studies, Body Mass Index, Risk Factors, Metabolic Syndrome epidemiology, Metabolic Syndrome complications, Glucose Tolerance Test, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Diabetes, Gestational epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Heart Disease Risk Factors
- Abstract
Introduction: The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is globally increasing, and it has been associated with later type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, long-term population-based studies investigating common CVD risk factors years after pregnancy are lacking. To evaluate the future mortality and morbidity in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, we conducted a thorough investigation of midlife risk factors in women with and without previous GDM., Material and Methods: A prospective population-based cohort study was conducted of 3173 parous women from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort, 1966. Study participants were obtained from the national register or patient records. Those with a GDM diagnosis formed the GDM cohort (n = 271), and those without a previous GDM diagnosis formed the control cohort (n = 2902). Clinical examinations were performed on participants at the age of 46 and included anthropometric measurements, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), biochemical measurements, and cardiovascular assessment., Results: At the age of 46, women in the GDM cohort had a higher body mass index (BMI, 29.0 kg/m
2 vs 26.3 kg/m2 , p < 0.001) and greater waist circumference (94.1 cm vs 86.5 cm, p < 0.001) than the control cohort. In the GDM cohort, a higher incidence of impaired glucose tolerance (12.6% vs 7.3%, p = 0.002), more previously diagnosed and OGTT-detected type 2 diabetes (23.3% vs 3.9%, p < 0.001), lower high-density lipoprotein (1.53 mmol/L vs 1.67 mmol/L, p = 0.011), higher triglycerides (1.26 mmol/L vs 1.05 mmol/L, p = 0.002) and a higher fatty liver index (6.82 vs 2.47, p < 0.001), were observed even after adjusting for BMI, polycystic ovary syndrome, parity, level of education, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The women in the GDM cohort also had more MetS (42.6% vs 21.9%, p < 0.001) and higher risk scores for CVD and fatal events (Framingham 4.95 vs 3.60, p < 0.001; FINRISK 1.71 vs 1.08, p < 0.001)., Conclusions: Women with a previous diagnosis of GDM exhibit more risk factors for CVD in midlife and are at a higher risk for cardiovascular events later in life., (© 2024 The Authors. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology (NFOG).)- Published
- 2024
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147. Gut bacteriome and mood disorders in women with PCOS.
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Lee S, Tejesvi MV, Hurskainen E, Aasmets O, Plaza-Díaz J, Franks S, Morin-Papunen L, Tapanainen JS, Ruuska TS, Altmäe S, Org E, Salumets A, Arffman RK, and Piltonen TT
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Finland epidemiology, Middle Aged, Adult, Cohort Studies, Case-Control Studies, Feces microbiology, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome complications, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome microbiology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Mood Disorders epidemiology
- Abstract
Study Question: How does the gut bacteriome differ based on mood disorders (MDs) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and how can the gut bacteriome contribute to the associations between these two conditions?, Summary Answer: Women with PCOS who also have MDs exhibited a distinct gut bacteriome with reduced alpha diversity and a significantly lower abundance of Butyricicoccus compared to women with PCOS but without MDs., What Is Known Already: Women with PCOS have a 4- to 5-fold higher risk of having MDs compared to women without PCOS. The gut bacteriome has been suggested to influence the pathophysiology of both PCOS and MDs., Study Design, Size, Duration: This population-based cohort study was derived from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966), which includes all women born in Northern Finland in 1966. Women with PCOS who donated a stool sample at age 46 years (n = 102) and two BMI-matched controls for each case (n = 205), who also responded properly to the MD criteria scales, were included., Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: A total of 102 women with PCOS and 205 age- and BMI-matched women without PCOS were included. Based on the validated MD criteria, the subjects were categorized into MD or no-MD groups, resulting in the following subgroups: PCOS no-MD (n = 84), PCOS MD (n = 18), control no-MD (n = 180), and control MD (n = 25). Clinical characteristics were assessed at age 31 years and age 46 years, and stool samples were collected from the women at age 46 years, followed by the gut bacteriome analysis using 16 s rRNA sequencing. Alpha diversity was assessed using observed features and Shannon's index, with a focus on genera, and beta diversity was characterized using principal components analysis (PCA) with Bray-Curtis Dissimilarity at the genus level. Associations between the gut bacteriome and PCOS-related clinical features were explored by Spearman's correlation coefficient. A P-value for multiple testing was adjusted with the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) method., Main Results and the Role of Chance: We observed changes in the gut bacteriome associated with MDs, irrespective of whether the women also had PCOS. Similarly, PCOS MD cases showed a lower alpha diversity (Observed feature, PCOS no-MD, median 272; PCOS MD, median 208, FDR = 0.01; Shannon, PCOS no-MD, median 5.95; PCOS MD, median 5.57, FDR = 0.01) but also a lower abundance of Butyricicoccus (log-fold changeAnalysis of Compositions of Microbiomes with Bias Correction (ANCOM-BC)=-0.90, FDRANCOM-BC=0.04) compared to PCOS no-MD cases. In contrast, in the controls, the gut bacteriome did not differ based on MDs. Furthermore, in the PCOS group, Sutterella showed positive correlations with PCOS-related clinical parameters linked to obesity (BMI, r2=0.31, FDR = 0.01; waist circumference, r2=0.29, FDR = 0.02), glucose metabolism (fasting glucose, r2=0.46, FDR < 0.001; fasting insulin, r2=0.24, FDR = 0.05), and gut barrier integrity (zonulin, r2=0.25, FDR = 0.03)., Limitations, Reasons for Caution: Although this was the first study to assess the link between the gut bacteriome and MDs in PCOS and included the largest PCOS dataset for the gut microbiome analysis, the number of subjects stratified by the presence of MDs was limited when contrasted with previous studies that focused on MDs in a non-selected population., Wider Implications of the Findings: The main finding is that gut bacteriome is associated with MDs irrespective of the PCOS status, but PCOS may also modulate further the connection between the gut bacteriome and MDs., Study Funding/competing Interest(s): This research was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement (MATER, No. 813707), the Academy of Finland (project grants 315921, 321763, 336449), the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF21OC0070372), grant numbers PID2021-12728OB-100 (Endo-Map) and CNS2022-135999 (ROSY) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ERFD A Way of Making Europe. The study was also supported by EU QLG1-CT-2000-01643 (EUROBLCS) (E51560), NorFA (731, 20056, 30167), USA/NIH 2000 G DF682 (50945), the Estonian Research Council (PRG1076, PRG1414), EMBO Installation (3573), and Horizon 2020 Innovation Grant (ERIN, No. EU952516). The funders did not participate in any process of the study. We have no conflicts of interest to declare., Trial Registration Number: N/A., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology.)
- Published
- 2024
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148. Impact of bariatric surgery on anthropometric, metabolic, and reproductive outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
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Benham JL, Corbett KS, Yamamoto JM, McClurg C, Piltonen T, Yildiz BO, Li R, Mousa A, Tay CT, Spritzer PM, Teede H, Boyle JA, and Brown WA
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Treatment Outcome, Pregnancy, Obesity surgery, Obesity complications, Weight Loss physiology, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome complications, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome therapy, Bariatric Surgery
- Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in females. Modest weight loss improves reproductive and metabolic PCOS features. While lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapies remain first-line weight loss strategies, bariatric surgery is emerging as a potentially effective treatment. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature to examine the impact of bariatric surgery in PCOS to inform the 2023 International PCOS Evidence-based Guidelines. Electronic databases were searched for observational studies and trials comparing pharmacologic or lifestyle treatments to bariatric surgery in women with PCOS or bariatric surgery in women with or without PCOS. Anthropometric, reproductive, hormonal, and metabolic outcomes were included and, where possible, meta-analyzed using random-effects models. Risk of bias and evidence quality were assessed. Ten studies were included involving 432 women with and 590 women without PCOS. Comparisons between bariatric surgery and pharmacologic or lifestyle treatments were only reported in one study each, and most reproductive outcomes were limited to a single study; therefore, meta-analyses could not be performed. Meta-analysis found that women with PCOS experience similar improvements in anthropometric, hormonal, and metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery compared to those without PCOS. Existing research is limited and of low quality with high risk of bias, especially in comparison to existing PCOS treatments and with respect to reproductive outcomes including pregnancy, highlighting the need for additional studies to inform clinical recommendations., (© 2024 The Authors. Obesity Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity Federation.)
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- 2024
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149. Urinary incontinence associates with poor work ability in middle-aged women: A Northern Finland Birth cohort 1966 study.
- Author
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Salo H, Mäkelä-Kaikkonen J, Sova H, Piltonen T, Laru J, Ala-Mursula L, and Rossi HR
- Subjects
- Middle Aged, Humans, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Finland epidemiology, Birth Cohort, Work Capacity Evaluation, Urinary Incontinence epidemiology, Urinary Incontinence diagnosis, Urinary Incontinence, Stress epidemiology
- Abstract
Introduction: Urinary incontinence is a common ailment in women and is likely to affect their work ability. We investigated the associations between the different subtypes of urinary incontinence and several dimensions of perceived work ability in middle-aged general population., Material and Methods: Cross-sectional survey at age 46 among participants of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study (n = 3706, response rate 72%). Urinary incontinence symptoms and several items of Work Ability Index were collected by postal questionnaire. Work ability was dichotomized as good or poor work ability in general, in relation to physical job demands, to diseases and own 2-year prospect of work ability. The associations between urinary incontinence and work ability measures were assessed using logistic regression models, with further adjustments for biological, behavioral and work-related factors as well as general health., Results: The odds ratio (OR), from lowest to highest, for poor work ability were 1.4-fold among women with stress urinary incontinence (OR 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.72), 2.5-fold with mixed urinary incontinence (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.68-3.74) and 3.3-fold with urgency urinary incontinence (OR 3.34, 95% CI 1.95-5.70). We note that our results reflect work ability in a Nordic society., Conclusions: Especially urgency and mixed types of urinary incontinence are associated with poor work ability among middle-aged women., (© 2023 The Authors. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology (NFOG).)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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150. Effects of different insulin sensitisers in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
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Melin JM, Forslund M, Alesi SJ, Piltonen T, Romualdi D, Spritzer PM, Tay CT, Pena AS, Witchel SF, Mousa A, and Teede HJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Female, Rosiglitazone therapeutic use, Hypoglycemic Agents therapeutic use, Pioglitazone therapeutic use, Insulin therapeutic use, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome drug therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Metformin therapeutic use, Thiazolidinediones therapeutic use, Insulin Resistance
- Abstract
Objective: Characteristic features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) include insulin resistance and an increased risk for type 2 diabetes. To promote improved insulin sensitivity, insulin sensitisers have been used in PCOS. However, direct comparisons across these agents are limited. This study compared the effects of metformin, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone in the management of PCOS to inform the 2023 International Evidence-based PCOS Guideline., Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature., Patients: Women with PCOS and treatment with insulin sensitisers., Measurements: Hormonal and clinical outcomes, as well as side effects., Results: Of 1660 publications identified, 13 randomised controlled trials were included. Metformin was superior in lowering weight (mean difference [MD]: -4.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -7.69 to -1.08 kg), body mass index (MD: -0.95, 95% CI: -1.41 to -0.49 kg/m
2 ) and testosterone (MD: -0.10, 95% CI: -0.18 to -0.03 nmol/L) versus rosiglitazone, whereas there was no difference when comparing metformin to pioglitazone. Adding rosiglitazone or pioglitazone to metformin did not improve metabolic outcomes. However, rosiglitazone seemed superior to metformin in lowering lipid concentrations., Conclusions: Metformin should remain the first-line insulin sensitising treatment in adults with PCOS for the prevention and management of weight and metabolic features. The addition of thiazolidinediones appears to offer little benefit., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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