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We present a method of using x-ray reflectivity to measure the thermal expansion coefficient for submicron dielectric thin films. Technique criteria are discussed including importance of thickness accuracy, thickness boundaries, and detecting thickness changes due to irreversible phenomena. The thin film mechanics required to extract the thermal expansion parameter for a freestanding film as opposed to an attached film are discussed. Thermal expansion measurements on silicon carbide and silicon nitride thin films using this method agree with literature values obtained for bulk samples. The thermal expansion of several carbon-doped silicon oxide thin films was also measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sự bùng nổ của thương mại điện tử trong những năm gần đây đã đặt ra nhiều thách thức lớn, đặc biệt là trong việc bảo hộ quyền sở hữu trí tuệ đối với nhãn hiệu khi chúng được khai thác và sử dụng trên các nền tảng thương mại điện tử. Việc thích ứng và sớm hoàn thiện các quy định về các hành vi mới trong sử dụng nhãn hiệu trên nền tảng thương mại điện tử là cần thiết. Vì vậy, trên cơ sở học hỏi kinh nghiệm của Trung Quốc và Hoa Kỳ, bằng các phương pháp nghiên cứu khoa học luật, bài viết sẽ phân tích và làm rõ các hành vi mới trong sử dụng nhãn hiệu trên nền tảng thương mại điện tử. Từ đó, đưa ra một số khuyến nghị để Việt Nam hoàn thiện khung pháp lý trong vấn đề này.

ABSTRACT: Objectives: Macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (MRBP) has been emerging and prevailing in mainland China since 2011. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genotype and macrolide resistance of circulating B. pertussis in East and Southeast Asia using genetic analyses. Methods: A total of 302 DNA extracts from clinical specimens and isolates from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed: 145 from Vietnam, 76 from Cambodia, 48 from Taiwan, and 33 from Japan. Genotypes were determined by multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). Macrolide-resistant A2047G mutation in B. pertussis 23S rRNA was investigated using the duplex Cycleave real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on two MRBP isolates that were identified for the first time in Taiwan. Results: Overall, 286 DNA extracts (95%) generated a complete MLVA genotype and 283 DNA extracts (94%) yielded a complete result for the A2047G mutation analysis. The A2047G mutation was detected in 18 DNA extracts: fourteen from Vietnam, one from Cambodia, two from Taiwan, and one from Japan. Most of them (78%) showed the genotypes MT104 and MT195, which have previously been reported in Chinese MRBP isolates. Further, the Taiwanese MRBP isolates were classified into the MT104 clade of Chinese MRBP isolates. Conclusion: After MRBP emerged and spread in mainland China, it may have spread to East and Southeast Asia in the 2010s. Continued surveillance targeting the A2047G mutation of MRBP is needed to prevent further spread of this emerging pathogen.

The significant drop in estrogen levels during menopause increases the cardiovascular risks, one of which is cerebrovascular atherosclerosis. Research on rheoencephalography (REG) parameters for the early diagnosis of cerebrovascular atherosclerotic lesions is of great interest to scientists because of its ease of implementation, low cost, and non-invasiveness. The objectives of study are to evaluate the vascular tone, cerebral circulation flow in each hemisphere of the brain of menopausal women, and some associated factors through waveform characteristics and parameters in REG. A controlled cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on a group of patients including 80 menopausal women and a control group of 46 menstruating women. All patients were measured REG in the frontal-occipital leads by VasoScreen 5000 impedance REG meter. In menopausal women, the percentage of sharp waves, the percentage of clear side waves, and the average REG were all lower than in the control group (p

Rhizobia topic has been re-focused in recent years because of new findings on their traits not only as nitrogen-fixing bacteria but also as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. When combing rhizobial strains with novel biological carriers (e.g., biochar) for inoculant production, it brings great potential for improving soil health in long-term. Appreciating this trend, this study is designed to isolate and characterize local rhizobial strains from legume fields using the conventional method with some modifications to increase efficiency in rhizobial identification. As a result, 17 rhizobial strains were isolated and classified biochemically that genetic identification outcome confirmed 10 strains belong to 07 different Rhizobium species as R. mayense, R. paknamense, R. pusense, R. miluonense, R. tropici, R. phaseoli, and R. multihospitium while the rest belong to 06 various Bradyrhizobium species as B. elkanii, B. centrosematis, B. guangxiense, B. liaoningense, B. yuanmingense, and B. arachidis. Thermal and saline tolerant tests together with seed germination tests also performed on these rhizobial strains to gain data on their responses to abiotic stresses. By comparing rice and mung bean GI values, we can assess the effectiveness of each rhizobial strains to help seeds at their early germination.

Abstract Time varying mass engineering structure is the type of structure where the total mass of the structure changes rapidly, and the loads generated are dependent on the properties of the structure, discharge rate and the properties of the materials inside the structure. A discharging silo is a typical time varying mass civil engineering structure where the total mass of the entire structure changes during the discharge of the stored materials. This paper presents a novel combinatory approach using Hilbert Transform and Variational Mode Decomposition methods to analyse nonlinear and non-stationary signals collected from the experimental silo filled with iron ore and one filled with sand. In particular, the silo filled with sand was producing loud foghorn like sound during discharge. The results revealed the existence of a frequency spectrum that can be developed further to assess the structural integrity of a time varying mass civil engineering structure such as a silo without the impacting silo operation and throughput. The obtained frequency spectrum shows that there is a noticeable difference between the spectra for the silo filled with iron ore and the silo filled with sand.

IntroductionPatient safety is a global challenge of preventing and mitigating medical errors which might harm patients during their course of treatment and care. This study was employed to contribute to the existing literature aimed to assess patient safety culture among health staff and to determine predictors of health staff perceptions of patient safety in hospitals in Vietnam.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in three hospitals of Vietnam with a total of 763 participants. This study used the Hospital Patient Safety Scale developed by the American Health and Quality Research Organization.ResultsIn general, 8 of 12 patient safety dimensions in two hospital; and 10 of 12 dimensions in a third hospital had average scores of 60% and above positive responses. The communication openness and organizational learning dimensions were found to be significant different when comparing hospitals. Regarding sample characteristics, department (subclinical department) and health staff positions (nurses/technicians, pharmacists) were significant predictors in the total model including three hospitals (R2 = 0.07).ConclusionThis study reported that communication openness and organization learning are two aspects that need to be improved they are strongly related to patient safety culture and to knowledge exchange among health staff. It has been suggested that hospitals should deliver patient safety training courses and establish a supportive learning environment to improve these challenges.

A prospective, descriptive study was conducted on 382 pediatric patients diagnosed with pertussis at Vietnam National Children’s Hospital over a two-year period, from January 1st, 2019, to December 31st, 2020. Of all patients participating in this study, children with severe conditions accounted for 30.1% (115/382). Several factors were found to be associated with the risk of this condition with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), including a decrease in the duration of the onset phase by 5 days [OR 1.53, 95% CI: 1.002-2.34], fever [2.49, 1.18-5.24], cyanosis [9.59, 2.9-31.7], pneumonia [14.45, 6.06-34.5], pulmonary hypertension [4.15, 1.02-16.83], an increase of 10 g/l in white blood cell (WBC) count in the full blood count (FBC) test [1.39, 1.05-1.84], a 5-cycle reduction in Cycle threshold (Ct) value in the pertussis real-time PCR test [1.36, 1.01-1.84], and superinfection [3.94, 1.84-8.48 times]. A WBC count in FBC of ≥30 g/l could be used as a prognostic factor for the risk of severe illness condition (sensitivity 46.1%, specificity 90.6%), the requirement for mechanical ventilation (sensitivity 57.1%, specificity 88.5%), and mortality (sensitivity 100%, specificity 91%).

We have designed an excellent visible-light-driven and high-performance photocatalyst with a Ag-Cu2O-ZnO nanowire heterostructure in our work by combining the hydrothermal approach with plasma–liquid technology. The structural and morphological characteristics and optical properties of the samples were evaluated using X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and spectrophotometry, respectively. The results show that the Ag nanoparticles are mainly positioned on the Cu2O nanoclusters compared with the ZnO nanowire surface, forming broccoli-like Ag-Cu2O nanoclusters during the Ar gas plasma treatment process in an aqueous solution. The diameter of the Ag/Cu2O nanoclusters ranges from 150 to 180 nm. The Ag-Cu2O-ZnO nanowires exhibited improved photocatalytic performance, decomposing approximately 98% methyl orange dye in 30 min. This is a consequence of the synergistic interactions between the p-n heterojunction formed at the Cu2O-ZnO interfaces and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of the Ag nanoparticles, which broaden the visible light absorption range and effectively separate the photogenerated charge carriers.

Immunotherapy is currently an attractive method in the treatment of cancer. Immune cells are isolated, activated, ex vivo proliferated, functionally manipulation and then given back into the patient. In this study, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) were isolated, ex vivo activated and cultured under the conditions of using coated magnetic beads CD3/CD28 at the ratio of 01 bead: 01 cell supplemented with 30 U/mL IL-2 in the culture medium. The number of cells was counted every day by staining with Trypan Blue.The percentage of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ cell populations was confirmed by flow cytometry. After 10 days, the CD4+ T cell could proliferate strongly, the total cell number is approximately 6.5 x 107 cells, increasing more than 30 times compared with the cell number on the first day. For CD8+ T cells, there was also a slight increase in cell number, reaching to 3 x 106 cells. Flow cytometry results showed that the CD4+ T cell population still maintained a CD3+/CD4+ population more than 90% at day 04. In contrast, the CD3+/CD8+ ratio in CD8+ population was only 40% even though the total cell number increased in this population. Taken together, these data indicated that we were able to isolate and culture ex vivo CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

Tiền mã hóa đã và đang ngày càng phổ biến trên thế giới. Trong bối cảnh đó, số lượng các nước tham gia nghiên cứu để phát hành đồng tiền kỹ thuật số ngân hàng trung ương (CBDC) cũng tăng trong thời gian gần đây. Nghiên cứu này tìm hiểu quá trình phát triển của tiền mã hóa và CBDC, đồng thời phân tích, đánh giá chính sách, pháp luật của Việt Nam đối với những loại tiền tệ mới này. Trên sơ sở đó, nghiên cứu sẽ đề xuất khuyến nghị một số điều chỉnh về quan điểm chính sách cũng như pháp luật Việt Nam nhằm điều chỉnh hiệu quả các quan hệ xã hội phát sinh liên quan đến tiền mã hóa và CBDC.

Abstract Background Dengue is a neglected tropical disease, for which no therapeutic agents have shown clinical efficacy to date. Clinical trials have used strikingly variable clinical endpoints, which hampers reproducibility and comparability of findings. We investigated a delta modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (delta mSOFA) score as a uniform composite clinical endpoint for use in clinical trials investigating therapeutics for moderate and severe dengue. Methods We developed a modified SOFA score for dengue, measured and evaluated its performance at baseline and 48 h after enrolment in a prospective observational cohort of 124 adults admitted to a tertiary referral hospital in Vietnam with dengue shock. The modified SOFA score included pulse pressure in the cardiovascular component. Binary logistic regression, cox proportional hazard and linear regression models were used to estimate association between mSOFA, delta mSOFA and clinical outcomes. Results The analysis included 124 adults with dengue shock. 29 (23.4%) patients required ICU admission for organ support or due to persistent haemodynamic instability: 9/124 (7.3%) required mechanical ventilation, 8/124 (6.5%) required vasopressors, 6/124 (4.8%) required haemofiltration and 5/124 (4.0%) patients died. In univariate analyses, higher baseline and delta (48 h) mSOFA score for dengue were associated with admission to ICU, requirement for organ support and mortality, duration of ICU and hospital admission and IV fluid use. Conclusions The baseline and delta mSOFA scores for dengue performed well to discriminate patients with dengue shock by clinical outcomes, including duration of ICU and hospital admission, requirement for organ support and death. We plan to use delta mSOFA as the primary endpoint in an upcoming host-directed therapeutic trial and investigate the performance of this score in other phenotypes of severe dengue in adults and children.

Hanh TH Nguyen,1,2 Khanh Linh Duong,2 Son T Nguyen,2 Quy Trinh,2 Hao TL Hoang,3 Toan Q Phung,4 Hsiang-Wen Lin,1,5 Huong TL Nguyen2 1School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam; 3Pharmacy Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; 4Pharmacy Department, Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; 5Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, TaiwanCorrespondence: Huong TL Nguyen, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam, Tel +84 904 308 406, Fax +84 243 826 4464, Email huongntl@hup.edu.vnPurpose: This study aimed to evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and identify associated factors affecting the HRQOL after the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam.Patients and Methods: Patients with solid cancers receiving chemotherapy at two oncology hospitals in Vietnam during April and May 2021 were included. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire version 3 was used to measure the HRQOL. Three questions were asked to explore patients’ concern levels about contracting COVID-19, delaying chemotherapy, or not controlling cancer well. One question was used to explore whether patients were concerned about cancer progression or COVID-19 infection more, or equally, or had no concern about both. Multiple regression models were conducted to examine factors associated with the global health status (GHS) score.Results: Of 270 included patients, mean (Standard deviation [SD]) GHS was 56.7 (20.8). Among the functional statuses, social functioning (SF) had the lowest score of 63.6 (29.2). The symptoms with the highest means were insomnia and fatigue, obtaining the score of 38.5 (31.7) and 37.3 (29.2), respectively. The mean of financial difficulties was 54.1 (32.2). In univariate analysis, high concerns about contracting COVID-19, delaying chemotherapy, not controlling cancer well, or more concern about either cancer or COVID-19 over the other were associated with worse GHS, physical functioning, emotional functioning, and SF. In multivariate analysis, those concerns and no income were significantly related to lower GHS scores besides the non-modifiable factors, such as female gender and some cancer types.Conclusion: Patients at the high concern levels, or with more concern about either cancer or COVID-19 over the other had poorer HRQOL. Interventions to address the concerns are required to improve their HRQOL, particularly for women, those without income, or with some specific cancers.Keywords: chemotherapy, COVID-19, EORTC QLQ-C30, quality of life, low economic status

Urban Green Space (UGS) is considered fundamental for the sustainable development of the urban economy. The purpose of this study is to assess the quality of urban green space in the Hanoi inner city using the integration of GIS technology, remote sensing, and AHP model. Sentinel 2-MSI data taken in 2020 were utilized to identify three criteria, namely percentage of green, type of green types, and proximity to green. AHP was used to determine the weighted correlation among parameters based on their importance to this phenomenon. As the result, the quality of UGS was classified into four classes, namely very highquality green, high-quality green, moderate quality green, and low-quality green. The results showed an imbalance in the quality of green space in the study area. In which, areas with high and very high-quality green were distributed mainly on the edge of the city center, accounting for 41% while low quality urban green space was found in the center with 22.4 %.

Xuyên tâm liên (Andrographis paniculata) là loài thực vật được sử dụng để điều trị, ngăn ngừa các bệnh truyền nhiễm. Nghiên cứu này khảo sát thành phần hóa học và hoạt tính sinh học của xuyên tâm liên được phân bố ở Cần Thơ, Sóc Trăng và An Giang thông qua phương pháp phản ứng so màu, phương pháp trung hòa gốc tự do DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) và phương pháp khuếch tán giếng thạch. Kết quả khảo sát ghi nhận có 10 nhóm hợp chất có trong dịch chiết của A. paniculata gồm carbohydrate, glycoside tim, flavonoid, phenol, amino acid và protein, saponin, tanin, coumarin, diterpene, nhựa. Cao chiết nước ở Cần Thơ và methanol ở An Giang có hiệu quả trung hòa gốc tự do DPPH tốt nhất. Hầu hết các cao chiết xuyên tâm liên kháng được các dòng vi khuẩn gồm Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua và Salmonella. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy cây xuyên tâm liên chứa nhiều hợp chất có hoạt tính sinh học, có khả năng kháng khuẩn và kháng oxi hóa tốt, có giá trị cao khi dùng làm thuốc, góp phần bảo vệ và chăm sóc sức khỏe cộng đồng.

Xuyên tâm liên (Andrographis paniculata) là cây có nhiều công dụng và là nguồn dược liệu tốt. Mối tương tác giữa hệ vi sinh vật và A. paniculata ở các mức độ khác nhau đã được khảo sát. Ba địa điểm nghiên cứu được chọn để phân tích đất, phân lập vi khuẩn, thu mẫu cây để xác định cấu trúc mô và vị trí cư trú của vi sinh vật. Kết quả cho thấy A. paniculata có khả năng thích nghi với nhiều loại đất. Năm mươi lăm dòng vi khuẩn đã được tìm thấy, trong đó số lượng vi khuẩn phân lập đất vùng rễ là cao nhất 18 dòng. Tại địa điểm đất có hàm lượng chất hữu cơ cao nhất (12,8 %) phân lập được nhiều vi khuẩn nhất (8 dòng) ngược lại tại nơi có hàm lượng chất hữu cơ thấp nhất (1,41 %) số lượng vi sinh vật phân lập được ít nhất (4 dòng). Các bộ phận trong cây đều phân lập được các vi sinh vật với số lượng khác nhau. Các mô với tế bào có vách bằng cellulose, nhiều chất dự trữ đều có vi sinh vật cộng sinh.

Patients with severe COVID-19 disease require monitoring with pulse oximetry as a minimal requirement. In many low- and middle- income countries, this has been challenging due to lack of staff and equipment. Wearable pulse oximeters potentially offer an attractive means to address this need, due to their low cost, battery operability and capacity for remote monitoring. Between July and October 2021, Ho Chi Minh City experienced its first major wave of SARS-CoV-2 infection, leading to an unprecedented demand for monitoring in hospitalized patients. We assess the feasibility of a continuous remote monitoring system for patients with COVID-19 under these circumstances as we implemented 2 different systems using wearable pulse oximeter devices in a stepwise manner across 4 departments.

Hiệp định thương mại tự do Việt Nam – EU (EVFTA) là một FTA thế hệ mới giữa Việt Nam và 28 nước thành viên EU. EVFTA cũng là một trong những FTA có phạm vi cam kết rộng và mức độ cam kết cao nhất của Việt Nam từ trước tới nay. EVFTA được tách làm hai Hiệp định, một là Hiệp định Thương mại (EVFTA), và một là Hiệp định Bảo hộ Đầu tư (EVIPA), và cả hai Hiệp định đã được ký kết vào 30/6/2019. Sau bước ký kết, hai Hiệp định sẽ phải trải qua quá trình phê chuẩn nội bộ ở EU và Việt Nam để có thể chính thức có hiệu lực với hai Bên. Việc EVFTA được ký kết, đang trong quá trình phê chuẩn nội bộ và có hiệu lực đã tạo ra nhiều cơ hội cũng như thách thức đối với Việt Nam trong hoạt động xuất khẩu nói chung, trong hoạt động xuất khẩu các mặt hàng nông sản vào thị trường EU nói riêng. Bài viết này sẽ nghiên cứu về Hiệp định EVFTA với những chính sách thương mại ảnh hưởng đến thị trường nông sản EU, những cam kết về thương mại hàng nông sản trong khuôn khổ EVFTA, thực trạng xuất khẩu một số mặt hàng nông sản của Việt Nam trước khi EVFTA được ký kết, trên cơ sở đó đề xuất một số giải pháp nhằm đẩy mạnh xuất khẩu các mặt hàng nông sản của Việt nam vào thị trường EU khi Hiệp định EVFTA có hiệu lực.

Tại Nhật Bản, thuật ngữ trách nhiệm xã hội của doanh nghiệp (CSR) đã được sử dụng từ những năm 1970. Tuy vậy, phải từ thập kỷ 1990, thuật ngữ, nội hàm và cách thức thực hiện CSR mới được các doanh nghiệp và các bên có lợi ích liên quan tiếp cận đầy đủ và có hệ thống. CSR trở thành mối quan tâm của toàn xã hội Nhật Bản, là một phần hoạt động tất yếu của các doanh nghiệp quy mô lớn và là nội dung bắt buộc trong các báo cáo đánh giá hoạt động của doanh nghiệp. Sau hơn 20 năm, Nhật Bản được đánh giá là quốc gia hàng đầu về thực hiện CSR với số lượng đông đảo các doanh nghiệp có bộ phận CSR chuyên trách và công bố báo cáo hàng năm về CSR và phát triển bền vững. Ở Việt Nam, CSR đã được biết đến từ lâu với hoạt động tương đối bài bản của các doanh nghiệp lớn của Việt Nam như Vinamilk, FPT, Honda Việt Nam,…Tuy nhiên, vẫn còn số đông các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam vẫn chưa quan tâm nhiều đến hoạt động CSR. Thậm chí, có nhiều doanh nghiệp còn cho rằng CSR là những ràng buộc về trách nhiệm của họ với môi trường, với xã hội mà lâu nay họ đang tìm cách “lờ đi”. Chiến lược phát triển của họ luôn đặt ra tốc độ tăng trưởng (doanh thu, lợi nhuận), tiết giảm chi phí, nâng cao hiệu quả nguồn lực, lành mạnh hóa tài chính,…mà hoàn toàn không nhắc đến CSR, không có kế hoạch cụ thể, thậm chí là không đề cập đến. Bài viết này nhằm mục đích nghiên cứu hoạt động CSR của một số doanh nghiệp Nhật Bản đã rất thành công trong kinh doanh và thực hiện CSR, trên cơ sở đó rút ra những bài học kinh nghiệm cho các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam.

Kinh doanh ngoại tệ là một trong những hoạt động cơ bản của NHTM, đóng góp tỷ lệ đáng kể trong thu nhập của các NHTM. Trước áp lực thị trường, sự gia tăng dòng vốn đầu tư, việc nâng cao chất lượng hoạt động kinh doanh ngoại tệ của các NHTM Việt Nam có ý nghĩa quan trọng trong việc tăng cường hiệu quả hoạt động của các ngân hàng thương mại Việt Nam

Balanophora latisepala has been used in traditional medicine in Vietnam for many years with both proven and unproven scientific proofs. This study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity effects of B. latisepala by testing safety parameters of hot water, ethanol and methanol extracts of B. latisepala in Mus musculus. The acute toxicity was studied according to the World Health Organisations guideline for the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines. During study, a single dose of 1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg of each extract was orally administered to Swiss mice. To determine the median lethal dose, experimental mice were observed in behavior and mortality for 72 hours. Data of organ weight, histopathology,biochemical and hematology were also collected. The results showed that hot water, ethanol and methanol extracts at a dose of 5000 mg/kg did not induce mortality in experimental mice; therefore, LD50 is not determined. Insignificant changes were found in relative organ weight at dose 5000 mg/kg for all of the extracts. Similarly, no significant differences were observed in biochemical indices and organ histology. However, changes in hematological indices in both male and female mice were noticed. In male mice, it is likely that all B. latisepala extracts induced anemia. Moreover, clotting or bleeding abnormalities were also observed in female mice. Methanol extracts had the highest effect to hematology indices (p

Liệu pháp miễn dịch được coi là một phương pháp đầy hứa hẹn trong điều trị ung thư. Tế bào miễn dịch của bệnh nhân được phân lập, cảm ứng tăng sinh, biến đổi thành các tế bào chức năng khác nhau và sau đó được đưa trở lại người bệnh. Các tế bào miễn dịch được tăng sinh ex vivo có thể kể đến như tế bào giết tự nhiên (NK cell), tế bào biểu hiện thụ thể kháng nguyên dạng khảm (CART cell) và tế bào biểu hiện thụ thể T được biến đổi (TCR cell). Việc ứng dụng liệu pháp miễn dịch tế bào đòi hỏi phải nuôi và tăng sinh tế bào miễn dịch in vitro. Nghiên cứu này khảo sát ảnh hưởng của các nồng độ IL-2 khác nhau lên sự tăng sinh tế bào PBMC cũng như khả năng kích hoạt tế bào PBMC khi sử dụng hạt từ phủ CD3/CD28 với tỉ lệ 01 hạt từ: 03 tế bào trong 04 ngày nuôi cấy. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, không có sự khác biệt đáng kể lên sự tăng sinh tế bào PBMC ở các nồng độ IL-2 khác nhau trong 04 ngày đầu nuôi cấy. Việc bổ sung hạt từ phủ CD3/CD28 và 30U/mL IL-2 vào môi trường cho thấy có khả năng kích hoạt và tăng sinh tế bào, số lượng tế bào PBMC tăng gấp đôi sau 04 ngày kích hoạt trong đó quần thể CD3+ tăng gấp 03 lần đạt gần 70% trong quần thể tế bào PBMC, quần thể tế bào CD4+ và CD8+ cũng có sự tăng số lượng và đạt tỉ lệ tương đương nhau khoảng 30% mỗi loại.

Những năm gần đây, hình thức mua sắm trực tuyến đang ngày càng được ưa chuộng vì sự tiện ích. Tuy nhiên, người tiêu dùng lại có nhiều lo ngại liên quan đến những vấn đề về đạo đức của các nhà bán lẻ trực tuyến. Bài viết xem xét tác động của đạo đức bán lẻ trực tuyến đến các ý định hành vi sau mua hàng của khách hàng. Dữ liệu thu thập từ 381 khách hàng đã từng hoặc đang tham gia mua sắm trực tuyến trên các website, ứng dụng của các doanh nghiệp bán lẻ trực tuyến tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Bằng cách sử dụng phương pháp mô hình cấu trúc tuyến tính, kết quả phân tích đã chỉ ra giá trị cảm nhận, sự hài lòng, cam kết mối quan hệ, lòng tin đóng vai trò trung gian giữa đạo đức bán lẻ trực tuyến và sự gắn kết, ý định mua lại, hiệu ứng truyền miệng. Mặc dù đạo đức bán lẻ trực tuyến không tác động trực tiếp đến sự hài lòng nhưng giá trị cảm nhận có thể đóng vai trò như một yếu tố trung gian.

Water pollution is one of the alarming issues with many common cases such as oil spills from oil tankers on the sea, and wastewater containing high levels of heavy metals and dyes, especially in the textile industry. These situations seriously affect the development of the water ecosystem and the health of the surrounding population, flora, and fauna. Recently, porous materials have been considered an effective solution in dealing with water problems because of their ability to absorb large amounts of pollutants when properly activated. In this study, we provide an overview of the porous composites made of cellulose and chitosan, which are the two huge resources in agricultural and fishery by-products in developing countries. The foams, hydrogel beads, membranes, and aerogels blending cellulose and chitosan, illustrate the efficient absorption of oils, solvents, dyes, and heavy metals in wastewater. This review introduces the status of the mentioned water pollution problems; the abundance of the two natural ingredients extracted from the bio-wastes; analysis and comparison of different methods to synthesize the cellulose/chitosan porous composites along with their physico-chemical characteristics. Finally, applications and a forward-looking view of the porous composites in water treatment are discussed to show a promising research direction in developing advanced and functional materials.

Aerogels from cellulose and its derivatives, especially cellulosic wastes, have been known as an excellent heat insulation material in steam generation, buildings, intelligent food packaging, fire-retardant clothing, and thermal protective equipment because of their lightweight properties, high stability, and extremely low thermal conductivities. Towards the scope of maximizing the bio-based resources utilization in day-to-day life, pineapple leaves (PLs) are converted into microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) fibers. PLs are first pretreated step by step with NaOH and NaOH/H2O2 solution to enrich cellulose content. This was followed by acid hydrolysis (H2SO4 40 wt%) and high-speed homogenization for MFC production. The obtained cellulose microfibers are further exploited to produce cost-effective, eco-friendly, and high-value engineering aerogels cross-linked by a common polyamide amine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) for the first time. The developed procedure is feasibly applied to mass production at a pilot-scale because of its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. The resulting aerogels exhibit ultra-low density (below 30.0 g/cm3) and high porosity (above 98.0 %) along with high elasticity. Morphology analysis reveals that most of the pores within the aerogels are macroporous, and the diameter of fibers is around 2-3 µm. The heat conductivity of as-fabricated aerogels is in the range of 0.035-0.043 W/m?K, which is comparable to some heat insulation products such as glass wool (0.031-0.043 W/m?K), cellular glass (0.038-0.043 W/m?K), and mineral wool (0.034-0.045 W/m?K). The effects of cellulose and PAE contents on the morphology, physical, mechanical, and thermal behaviors of the synthesized aerogels are also investigated. The MFC aerogels from pineapple leaves are considered novel and promising candidates for bio-based heat insulation applications.

Recently, bio-based materials that are both environmental-friendly and highly functional were synthesized from various waste and biomass. Rice straw, a by-product of paddy production, is abundant lignocellulosic biomass with high cellulose content. The utilization of this natural resource for high functional material often meets with difficulties due to a large amount of lignin and silica present in the material matrix. While rice straw has been employed for biofuel production on pilot scale, its use for cellulose recovery has only been performed in laboratory-scale equipment. Here we show a simple process to effectively recover cellulose from rice straw on a pilot scale, after which the extracted cellulose was used for the preparation of aerogel. The alkali pretreatment removed the majority of lignin and silica, yielding semi-product with cellulose content of 73 %, then the bleaching step with hydrogen peroxide further eliminated colored impurities to increase the cellulose content to 90 %. The obtained cellulose was then employed to fabricate cellulose aerogel with low density, high surface area, and porous structure, which showed a good performance in the separation of oil and water, with the maximum capacity reaching 21.7 g/g. The process is a promising solution for converting rice straw into a more valuable product for water treatment on a larger scale.

Oil-based plastics, a popular material in the packaging industry with inexpensive and long-lasting durability, have become a significant threat to the ecosystem due to their single-use, recalcitrant nature. Therefore, finding biodegradable plastic to replace oil-based plastics has attracted more interest. Nanocellulose and chitosan, an abundant polymer in nature, have remarkable properties such as biodegradability, bioavailability, and biocompatibility. Both materials can be produced from low-cost sources such as lignocellulosic biomass and crustacean waste, respectively. Hence, in this study, nanocellulose from agro-waste and chitosan from shrimp waste were combined to create a biofilm food packaging. The biofilms were characterized using FTIR, TGA, SEM, while the physical properties of the biofilm demonstrated the role of nanocellulose in biofilm reinforcement. As a result, PVA/CS/CNC film exhibited tensile strength up to 18.25 MPa and water resistance up to 160 % compared to the control sample. This biodegradable film offers a potential alternative to synthetic materials like food packaging.

Nanocellulose is one of the most valuable biomass-derived materials, possesses outstanding properties, and is widely used in numerous applications for biomedical fields, packaging, and environmental waste treatment. Rice straw is an abundant by-product from the rice industry and among cellulose-rich feedstocks. The pristine structural network of this raw material is complicated composing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Therefore, the pretreatment step is necessary to facilitate further stages in the biomass conversion process. The effect of such methods on the characteristics of nanocellulose products from rice straw has not been widely investigated in comparison with other types of biomass. This review summarized the common methods for rice straw pretreatment and the effects of distinct methods on the obtained nanocellulose. Alkaline pretreatment is considered as one of the most effective method for the extraction of cellulose from lignocellulosic complex. Based on a comprehensive summary, this review also shows that cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) which is usually isolated by acid hydrolysis, has a high crystallinity index due to the removal of amorphous region. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) is obtained by employing mechanical methods to reduce the particle size of cellulose fibers.

Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) has good potential to be processed into many kinds of food products. The processing of dragon fruit always discarded large volumes of peel waste. The residual peel of red dragon fruit is rich of betalains and pectin, which are alternative food additive sources. This study utilized red dragon fruit peels to produce betalains and pectin. Because betalain pigment is unstable in processing and storage, it was encapsulated in carbohydrate matrices of pectin (recovered from red dragon fruit peel - DFP) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). An appropriate freeze-drying procedure was employed to form pigment powder with 60 to 93 % encapsulation yield. The stability of the encapsulated betalains was investigated under various conditions such as pH, water activity, temperatures, and light after 30-day storage. Betalains encapsulated in a combination of MCC and DFP showed stability improvement compared to non-encapsulated betalains, which is potentially beneficial in food processing.

The promising eatable coatings, which were obtained by the combination of chitosan and essential oils (EO), attracted many researchers. This article summarizes recent studies on fruit and vegetable preservation using chitosan and EOs. CS-essential oils (clove, thyme, cinnamon, cymbopogon martinii, lemon oil, olive oil, cardamom oil, heracleum persicum oil) brings remarkable benefits such as: against many harmful microorganism (many strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria: L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, S. Typhi, E. coli and the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides). They also prevented weight loss, and maintained stable quality in color, firmness, and nutrient content, of many fruits and vegetables such as pomegranate arils, mango, cherry fruits, avocados, bell pepper, lettuce, and carrot under storage conditions.

Solid waste treatment is a major concern all around the world, especially in developing countries. Unlike plasticand metals, organic waste is invaluable and requires a high cost for treatment. Black Soldier Fly (BSF) is a novel option since not only provides waste treatment solutions but also converts organic waste into high-economic products. An in-depth understanding of this species must be required for researchers who are looking for alternative processes as well as scaling up for larger plants or commercial purposes. In this review, the valorization of BSF at different life stages has been successfully developed. After treating organic waste, the frass of BSF has been seen as an organic fertilizer. Due to the highest lipid content (47.65 %) in prepupae stages, they are used for biodiesel production. The protein content is highest in the larva stage, so it is a lower-cost replacement for conventional animal feed. Since the chitin content in BSF’s cuticles makes up to 40 %, prepupae and cocoons can be seen as promising sources of chitin.

Introduction: Patient satisfaction is one of the most important components of measuring healthcare quality.Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the patient satisfaction scale with the quality of health services and its associated factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data on patient satisfaction with 301 outpatients at one polyclinic in Hanoi, Vietnam.Results: The overall outpatient satisfaction was 53.5%. There were five factors (facilities, services provision results, information transparency and administrative procedures, accessibility, and interaction and communication of staff) including one major factor with high Eigenvalues coefficient, 22.5 for satisfaction with facility, and four others with lower Eigenvalues coefficient, 3.2, 2.0, 1.5, and 1.2 for satisfaction with service provision results, information transparency and administrative procedures, accessibility, and interaction and communication of staff respectively. All satisfaction-factors show internal consistency reliability, with a Cronbach’s Alpha of over 0.9. The insured are 3.5 times (95% CI: 1.9–6.2) more likely to be satisfied with health services than the uninsured.Conclusion: The patient satisfaction measurement tool should be used for intervention to improve the quality of health services at the clinic.