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5,377 results on '"Phillips, Richard"'

103. One for One, or All for All: Equilibria and Optimality of Collaboration in Federated Learning

Author

Blum, Avrim, Haghtalab, Nika, Phillips, Richard Lanas, and Shao, Han

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms, Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory
Abstract

In recent years, federated learning has been embraced as an approach for bringing about collaboration across large populations of learning agents. However, little is known about how collaboration protocols should take agents' incentives into account when allocating individual resources for communal learning in order to maintain such collaborations. Inspired by game theoretic notions, this paper introduces a framework for incentive-aware learning and data sharing in federated learning. Our stable and envy-free equilibria capture notions of collaboration in the presence of agents interested in meeting their learning objectives while keeping their own sample collection burden low. For example, in an envy-free equilibrium, no agent would wish to swap their sampling burden with any other agent and in a stable equilibrium, no agent would wish to unilaterally reduce their sampling burden. In addition to formalizing this framework, our contributions include characterizing the structural properties of such equilibria, proving when they exist, and showing how they can be computed. Furthermore, we compare the sample complexity of incentive-aware collaboration with that of optimal collaboration when one ignores agents' incentives.

Published
2021

105. WILDS: A Benchmark of in-the-Wild Distribution Shifts

Author

Koh, Pang Wei, Sagawa, Shiori, Marklund, Henrik, Xie, Sang Michael, Zhang, Marvin, Balsubramani, Akshay, Hu, Weihua, Yasunaga, Michihiro, Phillips, Richard Lanas, Gao, Irena, Lee, Tony, David, Etienne, Stavness, Ian, Guo, Wei, Earnshaw, Berton A., Haque, Imran S., Beery, Sara, Leskovec, Jure, Kundaje, Anshul, Pierson, Emma, Levine, Sergey, Finn, Chelsea, and Liang, Percy

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Distribution shifts -- where the training distribution differs from the test distribution -- can substantially degrade the accuracy of machine learning (ML) systems deployed in the wild. Despite their ubiquity in the real-world deployments, these distribution shifts are under-represented in the datasets widely used in the ML community today. To address this gap, we present WILDS, a curated benchmark of 10 datasets reflecting a diverse range of distribution shifts that naturally arise in real-world applications, such as shifts across hospitals for tumor identification; across camera traps for wildlife monitoring; and across time and location in satellite imaging and poverty mapping. On each dataset, we show that standard training yields substantially lower out-of-distribution than in-distribution performance. This gap remains even with models trained by existing methods for tackling distribution shifts, underscoring the need for new methods for training models that are more robust to the types of distribution shifts that arise in practice. To facilitate method development, we provide an open-source package that automates dataset loading, contains default model architectures and hyperparameters, and standardizes evaluations. Code and leaderboards are available at https://wilds.stanford.edu.

Published
2020

106. The three major axes of terrestrial ecosystem function

Author

Migliavacca, Mirco, Musavi, Talie, Mahecha, Miguel D, Nelson, Jacob A, Knauer, Jürgen, Baldocchi, Dennis D, Perez-Priego, Oscar, Christiansen, Rune, Peters, Jonas, Anderson, Karen, Bahn, Michael, Black, T Andrew, Blanken, Peter D, Bonal, Damien, Buchmann, Nina, Caldararu, Silvia, Carrara, Arnaud, Carvalhais, Nuno, Cescatti, Alessandro, Chen, Jiquan, Cleverly, Jamie, Cremonese, Edoardo, Desai, Ankur R, El-Madany, Tarek S, Farella, Martha M, Fernández-Martínez, Marcos, Filippa, Gianluca, Forkel, Matthias, Galvagno, Marta, Gomarasca, Ulisse, Gough, Christopher M, Göckede, Mathias, Ibrom, Andreas, Ikawa, Hiroki, Janssens, Ivan A, Jung, Martin, Kattge, Jens, Keenan, Trevor F, Knohl, Alexander, Kobayashi, Hideki, Kraemer, Guido, Law, Beverly E, Liddell, Michael J, Ma, Xuanlong, Mammarella, Ivan, Martini, David, Macfarlane, Craig, Matteucci, Giorgio, Montagnani, Leonardo, Pabon-Moreno, Daniel E, Panigada, Cinzia, Papale, Dario, Pendall, Elise, Penuelas, Josep, Phillips, Richard P, Reich, Peter B, Rossini, Micol, Rotenberg, Eyal, Scott, Russell L, Stahl, Clement, Weber, Ulrich, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Wolf, Sebastian, Wright, Ian J, Yakir, Dan, Zaehle, Sönke, and Reichstein, Markus

Subjects
Life on Land, Carbon Cycle, Carbon Dioxide, Climate, Datasets as Topic, Ecosystem, Humidity, Plants, Principal Component Analysis, Water Cycle, General Science & Technology
Abstract

The leaf economics spectrum1,2 and the global spectrum of plant forms and functions3 revealed fundamental axes of variation in plant traits, which represent different ecological strategies that are shaped by the evolutionary development of plant species2. Ecosystem functions depend on environmental conditions and the traits of species that comprise the ecological communities4. However, the axes of variation of ecosystem functions are largely unknown, which limits our understanding of how ecosystems respond as a whole to anthropogenic drivers, climate and environmental variability4,5. Here we derive a set of ecosystem functions6 from a dataset of surface gas exchange measurements across major terrestrial biomes. We find that most of the variability within ecosystem functions (71.8%) is captured by three key axes. The first axis reflects maximum ecosystem productivity and is mostly explained by vegetation structure. The second axis reflects ecosystem water-use strategies and is jointly explained by variation in vegetation height and climate. The third axis, which represents ecosystem carbon-use efficiency, features a gradient related to aridity, and is explained primarily by variation in vegetation structure. We show that two state-of-the-art land surface models reproduce the first and most important axis of ecosystem functions. However, the models tend to simulate more strongly correlated functions than those observed, which limits their ability to accurately predict the full range of responses to environmental changes in carbon, water and energy cycling in terrestrial ecosystems7,8.

Published
2021

109. Reviews

Author

Phillips, Richard T.

Published
2004

110. Plasma cytokine levels characterize disease pathogenesis and treatment response in tuberculosis patients

Author

Vivekanandan, Monika M., Adankwah, Ernest, Aniagyei, Wilfred, Acheampong, Isaac, Yeboah, Augustine, Arthur, Joseph F., Lamptey, Millicent N. K., Abass, Mohammed K., Gawusu, Amidu, Kumbel, Francis, Osei-Yeboah, Francis, Debrah, Linda Batsa, Owusu, Dorcas O., Debrah, Alexander, Mayatepek, Ertan, Seyfarth, Julia, Phillips, Richard O., and Jacobsen, Marc

Published
2023
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111. Reviews

Author

Phillips, Richard T

Published
2003

112. The nature, derivation and use of soft power in the ancient Cyclades

Author

Phillips, Richard Peter

Subjects
938
Abstract

This thesis examines the derivation and use of non-coercive power and influence -'soft power' in modern parlance -in the ancient Greek world, and how this impacted on interstate relations. Whilst approaching the topic from a predominantly ancient history perspective, the thesis draws on approaches, ideas and thinking from the fields of classics, archaeology, sociology and political science. Network-thinking and Social Network Analysis provide important tools and methodologies. The thesis proposes a theoretical basis for the concept of hard and soft power within an overall framework of power relations. This is discussed in relation to the ancient world by examining evidence from archaeology, ancient literary sources and modern scholarship. The principal focus is on Paros and the Cyclades during the Archaic and Classical periods although reference is made to other ancient states, and to other periods, for comparison or illustration. The thesis considers the resources, material and human, that enabled certain city-states, and their elites, to acquire prestige and influence. Paros was the source of the most admired white marble in the Archaic Mediterranean world, greatly sought after by civic authorities and wealthy elites for prestigious buildings and statuary. It is argued that, in addition to its undoubted economic importance, Parian marble was a potent soft power resource for the Parians, who were able to exploit their valuable 'brand' by developing the knowledge, technology and artistic skills necessary for the entire process of marble extraction, transport and sculptural production. It is suggested that the foundations for Parian soft power were established from networks of interaction and communication developed by Parians from the early Archaic Period. Parian settlements, particularly on Thasos and its peraia on the Thracian mainland, and the celebrity of the Parian poet Archilochos are identified as instrumental factors in these emerging soft power networks.

Published
2021

113. Global prevalence, cascade of care, and prophylaxis coverage of hepatitis B in 2022: a modelling study

Author

Razavi-Shearer, Devin, Gamkrelidze, Ivane, Pan, Calvin, Jia, Jidong, Berg, Thomas, Gray, Richard, Lim, Young-Suk, Chen, Chien-Jen, Ocama, Ponsiano, Desalegn, Hailemichael, Abbas, Zaigham, Abdallah, Ayat, Aghemo, Alessio, Ahmadbekova, Sabohat, Ahn, Sang Hoon, Aho, Inka, Akarca, Ulus, Al Masri, Nasser, Alalwan, Abduljaleel, Alavian, Seyed, Al-Busafi, Said, Aleman, Soo, Alfaleh, Faleh, Alghamdi, Abdullah, Al-Hamoudi, Waleed, Aljumah, Abdulrahman, Al-Naamani, Khalid, Al-Rifai, Ahmad, Alserkal, Yousif, Altraif, Ibrahim, Amarsanaa, Jazag, Anderson, Motswedi, Andersson, Monique, Armstrong, Paige, Asselah, Tarik, Athanasakis, Kostas, Baatarkhuu, Oidov, Ben-Ari, Ziv, Bensalem, Aicha, Bessone, Fernando, Biondi, Mia, Bizri, Abdul Rahman, Blach, Sarah, Braga, Wornei, Brandão-Mello, Carlos, Brosgart, Carol, Brown, Kimberly, Brown, Jr, Robert, Bruggmann, Philip, Brunetto, Maurizia, Buti, Maria, Cabezas, Joaquin, Casanovas, Teresa, Chae, Chungman, Chan, Henry Lik Yuen, Cheinquer, Hugo, Chen, Pei-Jer, Cheng, Kent Jason, Cheon, Myeong-Eun, Chien, Cheng-Hung, Choudhuri, Gourdas, Christensen, Peer Brehm, Chuang, Wan-Long, Chulanov, Vladimir, Cisneros, Laura, Coffin, Carla, Contreras, Fernando, Coppola, Nicola, Cornberg, Markus, Cowie, Benjamin, Cramp, Matthew, Craxi, Antonio, Crespo, Javier, Cui, Fuqiang, Cunningham, Chris, Dalgard, Olav, De Knegt, Robert, De Ledinghen, Victor, Dore, Gregory, Drazilova, Sylvia, Duberg, Ann-Sofi, Egeonu, Steve, Elbadri, Mohammed, El-Kassas, Mohamed, El-Sayed, Manal, Estes, Chris, Etzion, Ohad, Farag, Elmobashar, Ferradini, Laurent, Ferreira, Paulo, Flisiak, Robert, Forns, Xavier, Frankova, Sona, Fung, James, Gane, Edward, Garcia, Virginia, García-Samaniego, Javier, Gemilyan, Manik, Genov, Jordan, Gheorghe, Liliana, Gholam, Pierre, Gish, Robert, Goleij, Pouya, Gottfredsson, Magnus, Grebely, Jason, Gschwantler, Michael, Guingane, Nanelin Alice, Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Hamid, Saeed, Hamoudi, Waseem, Harris, Aaron, Hasan, Irsan, Hatzakis, Angelos, Hellard, Margaret, Hercun, Julian, Hernandez, Javier, Hockicková, Ivana, Hsu, Yao-Chun, Hu, Ching-Chih, Husa, Petr, Janicko, Martin, Janjua, Naveed, Jarcuska, Peter, Jaroszewicz, Jerzy, Jelev, Deian, Jeruma, Agita, Johannessen, Asgeir, Kåberg, Martin, Kaita, Kelly, Kaliaskarova, Kulpash, Kao, Jia-Horng, Kelly-Hanku, Angela, Khamis, Faryal, Khan, Aamir, Kheir, Omer, Khoudri, Ibtissam, Kondili, Loreta, Konysbekova, Aliya, Kristian, Pavol, Kwon, Jisoo, Lagging, Martin, Laleman, Wim, Lampertico, Pietro, Lavanchy, Daniel, Lázaro, Pablo, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lee, Alice, Lee, Mei-Hsuan, Liakina, Valentina, Lukšić, Boris, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malu, Abraham, Marinho, Rui, Mendes-Correa, Maria Cássia, Merat, Shahin, Meshesha, Berhane Redae, Midgard, Håvard, Mohamed, Rosmawati, Mokhbat, Jacques, Mooneyhan, Ellen, Moreno, Christophe, Mortgat, Laure, Müllhaupt, Beat, Musabaev, Erkin, Muyldermans, Gaëtan, Naveira, Marcelo, Negro, Francesco, Nersesov, Alexander, Nguyen, Van Thi Thuy, Ning, Qing, Njouom, Richard, Ntagirabiri, Rénovat, Nurmatov, Zuridin, Oguche, Stephen, Omuemu, Casimir, Ong, Janus, Opare-Sem, Ohene, Örmeci, Necati, Orrego, Mauricio, Osiowy, Carla, Papatheodoridis, George, Peck-Radosavljevic, Markus, Pessoa, Mário, Pham, Trang, Phillips, Richard, Pimenov, Nikolay, Pincay-Rodríguez, Loreley, Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana, Pop, Cora, Poustchi, Hossein, Prabdial-Sing, Nishi, Qureshi, Huma, Ramji, Alnoor, Rautiainen, Henna, Razavi-Shearer, Kathryn, Remak, William, Ribeiro, Sofia, Ridruejo, Ezequiel, Ríos-Hincapié, Cielo, Robalino, Marcia, Roberts, Lewis, Roberts, Stuart, Rodríguez, Manuel, Roulot, Dominique, Rwegasha, John, Ryder, Stephen, Sadirova, Shakhlo, Saeed, Umar, Safadi, Rifaat, Sagalova, Olga, Said, Sanaa, Salupere, Riina, Sanai, Faisal, Sanchez-Avila, Juan F, Saraswat, Vivek, Sargsyants, Narina, Sarrazin, Christoph, Sarybayeva, Gulya, Schréter, Ivan, Seguin-Devaux, Carole, Seto, Wai-Kay, Shah, Samir, Sharara, Ala, Sheikh, Mahdi, Shouval, Daniel, Sievert, William, Simojoki, Kaarlo, Simonova, Marieta, Sinn, Dong Hyun, Sonderup, Mark, Sonneveld, Milan, Spearman, C Wendy, Sperl, Jan, Stauber, Rudolf, Stedman, Catherine, Sypsa, Vana, Tacke, Frank, Tan, Soek-Siam, Tanaka, Junko, Tergast, Tammo, Terrault, Norah, Thompson, Alexander, Thompson, Peyton, Tolmane, Ieva, Tomasiewicz, Krzysztof, Tsang, Tak-Yin, Uzochukwu, Benjamin, Van Welzen, Berend, Vanwolleghem, Thomas, Vince, Adriana, Voeller, Alexis, Waheed, Yasir, Waked, Imam, Wallace, Jack, Wang, Cong, Weis, Nina, Wong, Grace, Wong, Vincent, Wu, Jaw-Ching, Yaghi, Cesar, Yesmembetov, Kakharman, Yip, Terry, Yosry, Ayman, Yu, Ming-Lung, Yuen, Man-Fung, Yurdaydin, Cihan, Zeuzem, Stefan, Zuckerman, Eli, and Razavi, Homie

Published
2023
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114. Diminished Interleukin-7 receptor expression on T-cell subsets in tuberculosis patients

Author

Acheampong, Isaac, Minadzi, Difery, Adankwah, Ernest, Aniagyei, Wilfred, Vivekanandan, Monika M., Yeboah, Augustine, Arthur, Joseph F., Lamptey, Millicent, Abass, Mohammed K., Kumbel, Francis, Osei-Yeboah, Francis, Gawusu, Amidu, Laing, Edwin F., Batsa Debrah, Linda, Owusu, Dorcas O., Debrah, Alexander, Mayatepek, Ertan, Seyfarth, Julia, Phillips, Richard O., and Jacobsen, Marc

Published
2023
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115. COSORE: A community database for continuous soil respiration and other soil‐atmosphere greenhouse gas flux data

Author

Bond‐Lamberty, Ben, Christianson, Danielle S, Malhotra, Avni, Pennington, Stephanie C, Sihi, Debjani, AghaKouchak, Amir, Anjileli, Hassan, Arain, M Altaf, Armesto, Juan J, Ashraf, Samaneh, Ataka, Mioko, Baldocchi, Dennis, Black, Thomas Andrew, Buchmann, Nina, Carbone, Mariah S, Chang, Shih‐Chieh, Crill, Patrick, Curtis, Peter S, Davidson, Eric A, Desai, Ankur R, Drake, John E, El‐Madany, Tarek S, Gavazzi, Michael, Görres, Carolyn‐Monika, Gough, Christopher M, Goulden, Michael, Gregg, Jillian, del Arroyo, Omar Gutiérrez, He, Jin‐Sheng, Hirano, Takashi, Hopple, Anya, Hughes, Holly, Järveoja, Järvi, Jassal, Rachhpal, Jian, Jinshi, Kan, Haiming, Kaye, Jason, Kominami, Yuji, Liang, Naishen, Lipson, David, Macdonald, Catriona A, Maseyk, Kadmiel, Mathes, Kayla, Mauritz, Marguerite, Mayes, Melanie A, McNulty, Steve, Miao, Guofang, Migliavacca, Mirco, Miller, Scott, Miniat, Chelcy F, Nietz, Jennifer G, Nilsson, Mats B, Noormets, Asko, Norouzi, Hamidreza, O’Connell, Christine S, Osborne, Bruce, Oyonarte, Cecilio, Pang, Zhuo, Peichl, Matthias, Pendall, Elise, Perez‐Quezada, Jorge F, Phillips, Claire L, Phillips, Richard P, Raich, James W, Renchon, Alexandre A, Ruehr, Nadine K, Sánchez‐Cañete, Enrique P, Saunders, Matthew, Savage, Kathleen E, Schrumpf, Marion, Scott, Russell L, Seibt, Ulli, Silver, Whendee L, Sun, Wu, Szutu, Daphne, Takagi, Kentaro, Takagi, Masahiro, Teramoto, Munemasa, Tjoelker, Mark G, Trumbore, Susan, Ueyama, Masahito, Vargas, Rodrigo, Varner, Ruth K, Verfaillie, Joseph, Vogel, Christoph, Wang, Jinsong, Winston, Greg, Wood, Tana E, Wu, Juying, Wutzler, Thomas, Zeng, Jiye, Zha, Tianshan, Zhang, Quan, and Zou, Junliang

Subjects
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, Environmental Sciences, Climate Action, Atmosphere, Carbon Dioxide, Ecosystem, Greenhouse Gases, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, Reproducibility of Results, Respiration, Soil, carbon dioxide, greenhouse gases, methane, open data, open science, soil respiration, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Biological sciences, Earth sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

Globally, soils store two to three times as much carbon as currently resides in the atmosphere, and it is critical to understand how soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and uptake will respond to ongoing climate change. In particular, the soil-to-atmosphere CO2 flux, commonly though imprecisely termed soil respiration (RS ), is one of the largest carbon fluxes in the Earth system. An increasing number of high-frequency RS measurements (typically, from an automated system with hourly sampling) have been made over the last two decades; an increasing number of methane measurements are being made with such systems as well. Such high frequency data are an invaluable resource for understanding GHG fluxes, but lack a central database or repository. Here we describe the lightweight, open-source COSORE (COntinuous SOil REspiration) database and software, that focuses on automated, continuous and long-term GHG flux datasets, and is intended to serve as a community resource for earth sciences, climate change syntheses and model evaluation. Contributed datasets are mapped to a single, consistent standard, with metadata on contributors, geographic location, measurement conditions and ancillary data. The design emphasizes the importance of reproducibility, scientific transparency and open access to data. While being oriented towards continuously measured RS , the database design accommodates other soil-atmosphere measurements (e.g. ecosystem respiration, chamber-measured net ecosystem exchange, methane fluxes) as well as experimental treatments (heterotrophic only, etc.). We give brief examples of the types of analyses possible using this new community resource and describe its accompanying R software package.

Published
2020

117. Disentangling Influence: Using Disentangled Representations to Audit Model Predictions

Author

Marx, Charles T., Phillips, Richard Lanas, Friedler, Sorelle A., Scheidegger, Carlos, and Venkatasubramanian, Suresh

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

Motivated by the need to audit complex and black box models, there has been extensive research on quantifying how data features influence model predictions. Feature influence can be direct (a direct influence on model outcomes) and indirect (model outcomes are influenced via proxy features). Feature influence can also be expressed in aggregate over the training or test data or locally with respect to a single point. Current research has typically focused on one of each of these dimensions. In this paper, we develop disentangled influence audits, a procedure to audit the indirect influence of features. Specifically, we show that disentangled representations provide a mechanism to identify proxy features in the dataset, while allowing an explicit computation of feature influence on either individual outcomes or aggregate-level outcomes. We show through both theory and experiments that disentangled influence audits can both detect proxy features and show, for each individual or in aggregate, which of these proxy features affects the classifier being audited the most. In this respect, our method is more powerful than existing methods for ascertaining feature influence.

Published
2019

118. Single-photon Emission from an Acoustically-driven Lateral Light-emitting Diode

Author

Hsiao, Tzu-Kan, Rubino, Antonio, Chung, Yousun, Son, Seok-Kyun, Hou, Hangtian, Pedrós, Jorge, Nasir, Ateeq, Éthier-Majcher, Gabriel, Stanley, Megan J., Phillips, Richard T., Mitchell, Thomas A., Griffiths, Jonathan P., Farrer, Ian, Ritchie, David A., and Ford, Christopher J. B.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics - Applied Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Single-photon sources are essential building blocks in quantum photonic networks, where quantum-mechanical properties of photons are utilised to achieve quantum technologies such as quantum cryptography and quantum computing. Most conventional solid-state single-photon sources are based on single emitters such as self-assembled quantum dots, which are created at random locations and require spectral filtering. These issues hinder the integration of a single-photon source into a scaleable photonic quantum network for applications such as on-chip photonic quantum processors. In this work, using only regular lithography techniques on a conventional GaAs quantum well, we realise an electrically triggered single-photon source with a GHz repetition rate and without the need for spectral filtering. In this device, a single electron is carried in the potential minimum of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) and is transported to a region of holes to form an exciton. The exciton then decays and creates a single photon in a lifetime of ~ 100ps. This SAW-driven electroluminescence (EL) yields photon antibunching with $g^{(2)}(0) = 0.39 \pm 0.05$, which satisfies the common criterion for a single-photon source $g^{(2)}(0) < 0.5$. Furthermore, we estimate that if a photon detector receives a SAW-driven EL signal within one SAW period, this signal has a 79%-90% chance of being a single photon. This work shows that a single-photon source can be made by combining single-electron transport and a lateral n-i-p junction. This approach makes it possible to create multiple synchronised single-photon sources at chosen positions with photon energy determined by quantum-well thickness. Compared with conventional quantum-dot-based single-photon sources, this device may be more suitable for an on-chip integrated photonic quantum network.

Published
2019
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119. Quantifying annual spatial consistency in chick-rearing seabirds to inform important site identification

Author

Beal, Martin, Catry, Paulo, Phillips, Richard A., Oppel, Steffen, Arnould, John P.Y., Bogdanova, Maria I., Bolton, Mark, Carneiro, Ana P.B., Clatterbuck, Corey, Conners, Melinda, Daunt, Francis, Delord, Karine, Elliott, Kyle, Fromant, Aymeric, Granadeiro, José Pedro, Green, Jonathan A., Halsey, Lewis, Hamer, Keith C., Ito, Motohiro, Jeavons, Ruth, Kim, Jeong-Hoon, Kokubun, Nobuo, Koyama, Shiho, Lane, Jude V., Lee, Won Young, Matsumoto, Sakiko, Orben, Rachael A., Owen, Ellie, Paiva, Vitor H., Patterson, Allison, Pollock, Christopher J., Ramos, Jaime A., Sagar, Paul, Sato, Katsufumi, Shaffer, Scott A., Soanes, Louise, Takahashi, Akinori, Thompson, David R., Thorne, Lesley, Torres, Leigh, Watanuki, Yutaka, Waugh, Susan M., Weimerskirch, Henri, Whelan, Shannon, Yoda, Ken, Xavier, José C., and Dias, Maria P.

Published
2023
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120. Tracking of marine predators to protect Southern Ocean ecosystems

Author

Hindell, Mark A, Reisinger, Ryan R, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Hückstädt, Luis A, Trathan, Philip N, Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Chown, Steven L, Costa, Daniel P, Danis, Bruno, Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh G, Van de Putte, Anton P, Alderman, Rachael, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John, Bester, Marthán N, Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Corney, Stuart, Crawford, Robert JM, Dalla Rosa, Luciano, de Bruyn, PJ Nico, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Emmerson, Louise, Fedak, Mike, Friedlaender, Ari, Gales, Nick, Goebel, Michael E, Goetz, Kimberly T, Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D, Harcourt, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T, Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R, Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L, Kovacs, Kit M, Lawton, Kieran, Lowther, Andrew D, Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, Phil O’B, Makhado, Azwianewi B, Márquez, Maria EI, McDonald, Birgitte I, McMahon, Clive R, Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W, Nordøy, Erling S, Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, Richard A, Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G, Santos, Mercedes, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Wakefield, Ewan, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Xavier, José C, Wotherspoon, Simon, Jonsen, Ian D, and Raymond, Ben

Subjects
Life Below Water, Climate Action, Animal Identification Systems, Animals, Antarctic Regions, Aquatic Organisms, Biodiversity, Birds, Climate Change, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem, Fishes, Food Chain, Ice Cover, Mammals, Oceans and Seas, Population Dynamics, Predatory Behavior, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Southern Ocean ecosystems are under pressure from resource exploitation and climate change1,2. Mitigation requires the identification and protection of Areas of Ecological Significance (AESs), which have so far not been determined at the ocean-basin scale. Here, using assemblage-level tracking of marine predators, we identify AESs for this globally important region and assess current threats and protection levels. Integration of more than 4,000 tracks from 17 bird and mammal species reveals AESs around sub-Antarctic islands in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and over the Antarctic continental shelf. Fishing pressure is disproportionately concentrated inside AESs, and climate change over the next century is predicted to impose pressure on these areas, particularly around the Antarctic continent. At present, 7.1% of the ocean south of 40°S is under formal protection, including 29% of the total AESs. The establishment and regular revision of networks of protection that encompass AESs are needed to provide long-term mitigation of growing pressures on Southern Ocean ecosystems.

Published
2020

121. The retrospective analysis of Antarctic tracking data project.

Author

Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Van de Putte, Anton P, Reisinger, Ryan R, Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Costa, Daniel P, Danis, Bruno, Hückstädt, Luis A, Jonsen, Ian D, Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh G, Trathan, Philip N, Wotherspoon, Simon, Ainley, David G, Alderman, Rachael, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John, Bester, Marthán N, Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Crawford, Robert JM, Dalla Rosa, Luciano, Nico de Bruyn, PJ, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Emmerson, Louise, Fedak, Mike, Friedlaender, Ari, Gales, Nick, Goebel, Mike, Goetz, Kimberly T, Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D, Harcourt, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T, Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R, Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L, Kovacs, Kit M, Lawton, Kieran, Lowther, Andrew D, Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, Phil O'B, Makhado, Azwianewi B, Márquez, Maria EI, McDonald, Birgitte I, McMahon, Clive R, Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W, Nordøy, Erling S, Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, Richard A, Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G, Santos, Mercedes, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Wakefield, Ewan, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Xavier, José C, Raymond, Ben, and Hindell, Mark A

Abstract

The Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data (RAATD) is a Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research project led jointly by the Expert Groups on Birds and Marine Mammals and Antarctic Biodiversity Informatics, and endorsed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. RAATD consolidated tracking data for multiple species of Antarctic meso- and top-predators to identify Areas of Ecological Significance. These datasets and accompanying syntheses provide a greater understanding of fundamental ecosystem processes in the Southern Ocean, support modelling of predator distributions under future climate scenarios and create inputs that can be incorporated into decision making processes by management authorities. In this data paper, we present the compiled tracking data from research groups that have worked in the Antarctic since the 1990s. The data are publicly available through biodiversity.aq and the Ocean Biogeographic Information System. The archive includes tracking data from over 70 contributors across 12 national Antarctic programs, and includes data from 17 predator species, 4060 individual animals, and over 2.9 million observed locations.

Published
2020

123. Contributors

Author

Allard, Karel A., primary, Ballance, Lisa T., additional, Bonnaud, Elsa, additional, Borrelle, Stephanie, additional, Buxton, Rachel T., additional, Crawford, Rory, additional, Dias, Maria P., additional, Duffy, D.C., additional, Elliott, Linda, additional, Fort, Jérôme, additional, Gilman, Eric, additional, Gilmour, Morgan, additional, Gummer, Helen, additional, Guzmán, Yuliana Bedolla, additional, Harrison, Craig S., additional, Holmes, Nick D., additional, Jones, Holly P., additional, Kappes, Peter, additional, Kim, Mi Ae, additional, Kress, Stephen, additional, Lyver, Phil O’B., additional, Melvin, Edward F., additional, Miskelly, Colin M., additional, Montevecchi, William A., additional, Naves, Liliana C., additional, Okawa, Rae, additional, Oppel, Steffen, additional, Orgeret, Florian, additional, Peschko, V., additional, Phillips, Richard A., additional, Pistorius, Pierre A., additional, Rodríguez, Airam, additional, Ronconi, Robert A., additional, Rothe, Thomas C., additional, Russell, James C., additional, Samaniego, Araceli, additional, Sánchez, Federico Méndez, additional, Smith, Joanna L., additional, Spatz, Dena R., additional, Suazo, Cristián G., additional, Sydeman, William J., additional, Tasker, Mark L., additional, Taylor, Graeme, additional, Thompson, Sarah Ann, additional, Travers, Marc S., additional, Uhart, Marcela M., additional, VanderWerf, Eric A., additional, Vanstreels, Ralph E.T., additional, Watanuki, Yutaka, additional, Winter, Kawika B., additional, Wolfaardt, Anton, additional, Work, Thierry M., additional, Young, Lindsay C., additional, and Young, Rebecca C., additional

Published
2023
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125. Treatment of Buruli Ulcer

Author

van der Werf, Tjip S., Phillips, Richard O., Johnson, Roch C., Barogui, Yves T., Nunzi, Enrico, editor, Massone, Cesare, editor, and Portaels, Françoise, editor

Published
2022
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127. Tolerance stack-up for multi-component thermocouple circuits.

Author

Phillips, Richard W., Mothe, Venkata Anil Kumar, and Chockalingamaharaja, Venkatasubramanian

Abstract

A practical thermocouple circuit typically includes multiple components between the measuring junction and readout device to facilitate installation and maintenance. For example, a circuit may include a mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed (MIMS) thermocouple probe, flexible extension cable and mating connectors. More complicated circuits may include a plurality of probes connected in electrical parallel to provide an output representing an average temperature. Each of these components contribute to the circuit output depending on the end-to-end temperature profile. Standard specifications such as ASTM E230 [1] and IEC 60584-1 [2] describe the thermocouple output and tolerances for letter designated thermocouples. These standards apply to a single cut of thermocouple material tested with reference junction at 0 °C. However, for the circuit describe above, the components are usually made from different material lots and exposed to an arbitrary thermal profile. Although the nominal output of the circuit is often aligned with the industry standard, the tolerance varies depending on the components and thermal boundary conditions. There is no recognized standard that provides guidance how to estimate the output tolerance when the circuit is comprised of multiple components. In this paper, an analysis method is presented to calculate the tolerance stack-up for a multi-component thermocouple circuit. A tolerance allocation criterion is proposed based on the thermocouple material tolerance class and temperature difference across the component. The method can be applied to circuits of varying complexity including a single thermocouple or multiple thermocouples connected in electrical parallel. The combined tolerance, along with the contributions of variance, provide insight how to improve the thermocouple circuit accuracy. The method is demonstrated using an example Type K thermocouple circuit. Experiences with thermocouple connectors and their contribution to overall system accuracy is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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128. Efficient numerical modelling of the ultrasonic scattering from complex surface-breaking defects

Author

Phillips, Richard, Lowe, Michael, and Huthwaite, Peter

Abstract

Ultrasonic testing is routinely used in the nuclear power generation industry to assess the structural integrity of plant components. The regulatory nature of the industry means that ultrasonic inspection procedures require substantiation through experimental trials and semi-analytical simulation, which can be costly and time-consuming. Furthermore, due to the complex defect and component geometries that are commonly encountered in the industry, the generation of evidence that accurately represents real inspections can be challenging. Numerical modelling techniques offer an effective alternative for substantiating inspections as they can accurately simulate the ultrasonic scattering from complex geometries, yet such techniques lead to increased computational cost. Hybrid techniques, which combine both semi-analytical and numerical methods, offer an approach to rapidly simulate an entire ultrasonic inspection whilst maintaining the ability to simulate the scattering from complex defects. However, there is a lack of experimental validation for extant hybrid techniques, particularly for three-dimensional simulations, and they have not been widely applied to the simulation of surface-breaking defect inspections, which are commonly encountered in both manufacturing and in-service inspections. This thesis has extended the functionality of a three dimensional hybrid technique to simulate the inspection of surface-breaking defects. Validation evidence demonstrates that the hybrid model accurately predicts the ultrasonic scattering from a well-characterised reflector. An arbitrary transduction system has been incorporated to the model, enabling the model to be more broadly applied to the simulation of ultrasonic inspections of plant components. Furthermore, validation on a real defect provides a high level of confidence that the model can be used to assess and quantify the performance of inspections where qualification becomes challenging. This work has made a clear step forward in the use of simulation for inspection qualification and further work is required to fully optimise the simulation methodology.

Published
2019
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129. An economic analysis of bamboo plantations and feedstock delivered cost in the Southern US for the manufacturing of fiber‐based bioproducts

Author

Vivas, Keren A., primary, Vera, Ramon E., additional, Phillips, Richard B., additional, Forfora, Naycari, additional, Azuaje, Ivana, additional, Zering, Kelly, additional, Chang, Hou‐Min, additional, Delborne, Jason, additional, Saloni, Daniel, additional, Dasmohapatra, Sudipta, additional, Barbieri, Carla, additional, Venditti, Richard A., additional, Marquez, Ronald, additional, and Gonzalez, Ronalds, additional

Published
2024
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133. Linking variation in intrinsic water‐use efficiency to isohydricity: a comparison at multiple spatiotemporal scales

Author

Yi, Koong, Maxwell, Justin T, Wenzel, Matthew K, Roman, D Tyler, Sauer, Peter E, Phillips, Richard P, and Novick, Kimberly A

Subjects
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Plant Biology, Environmental Sciences, Climate Action, Carbon, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Isotopes, Climate Change, Droughts, Forests, Indiana, Plant Leaves, Soil, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Species Specificity, Trees, Vapor Pressure, Water, anisohydric, climate change, dendrochronology, drought, isohydric, stable carbon isotope composition, vapor pressure deficit, water-use efficiency, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Plant Biology & Botany, Plant biology, Climate change impacts and adaptation, Ecological applications
Abstract

Species-specific responses of plant intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) to multiple environmental drivers associated with climate change, including soil moisture (θ), vapor pressure deficit (D), and atmospheric CO2 concentration (ca ), are poorly understood. We assessed how the iWUE and growth of several species of deciduous trees that span a gradient of isohydric to anisohydric water-use strategies respond to key environmental drivers (θ, D and ca ). iWUE was calculated for individual tree species using leaf-level gas exchange and tree-ring δ13 C in wood measurements, and for the whole forest using the eddy covariance method. The iWUE of the isohydric species was generally more sensitive to environmental change than the anisohydric species was, and increased significantly with rising D during the periods of water stress. At longer timescales, the influence of ca was pronounced for isohydric tulip poplar but not for others. Trees' physiological responses to changing environmental drivers can be interpreted differently depending on the observational scale. Care should be also taken in interpreting observed or modeled trends in iWUE that do not explicitly account for the influence of D.

Published
2019

134. Global change in hepatitis C virus prevalence and cascade of care between 2015 and 2020: a modelling study

Author

Blach, Sarah, Terrault, Norah A, Tacke, Frank, Gamkrelidze, Ivane, Craxi, Antonio, Tanaka, Junko, Waked, Imam, Dore, Gregory J, Abbas, Zaigham, Abdallah, Ayat R, Abdulla, Maheeba, Aghemo, Alessio, Aho, Inka, Akarca, Ulus S, Alalwan, Abduljaleel M, Alanko Blomé, Marianne, Al-Busafi, Said A, Aleman, Soo, Alghamdi, Abdullah S, Al-Hamoudi, Waleed K, Aljumah, Abdulrahman A, Al-Naamani, Khalid, Al Serkal, Yousif M, Altraif, Ibrahim H, Anand, Anil C, Anderson, Motswedi, Andersson, Monique I, Athanasakis, Kostas, Baatarkhuu, Oidov, Bakieva, Shokhista R, Ben-Ari, Ziv, Bessone, Fernando, Biondi, Mia J, Bizri, Abdul Rahman N, Brandão-Mello, Carlos E, Brigida, Krestina, Brown, Kimberly A, Brown, Jr, Robert S, Bruggmann, Philip, Brunetto, Maurizia R, Busschots, Dana, Buti, Maria, Butsashvili, Maia, Cabezas, Joaquin, Chae, Chungman, Chaloska Ivanova, Viktorija, Chan, Henry Lik Yuen, Cheinquer, Hugo, Cheng, Kent Jason, Cheon, Myeong-Eun, Chien, Cheng-Hung, Chien, Rong-Nan, Choudhuri, Gourdas, Christensen, Peer Brehm, Chuang, Wan-Long, Chulanov, Vladimir, Cisneros, Laura E, Coco, Barbara, Contreras, Fernando A, Cornberg, Markus, Cramp, Matthew E, Crespo, Javier, Cui, Fuqiang, Cunningham, Chris W, Dagher Abou, Lucy, Dalgard, Olav, Dao, Doan Y, De Ledinghen, Victor, Derbala, Moutaz F, Deuba, Keshab, Dhindsa, Karan, Djauzi, Samsuridjal, Drazilova, Sylvia, Duberg, Ann-Sofi, Elbadri, Mohammed, El-Sayed, Manal H, Esmat, Gamal, Estes, Chris, Ezzat, Sameera, Färkkilä, Martti A, Ferradini, Laurent, Ferraz, Maria Lucia G, Ferreira, Paulo R A, Filipec Kanizaj, Tajana, Flisiak, Robert, Frankova, Sona, Fung, James, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gane, Edward, Garcia, Virginia, García-Samaniego, Javier, Gemilyan, Manik, Genov, Jordan, Gheorghe, Liliana S, Gholam, Pierre M, Goldis, Adrian, Gottfredsson, Magnus, Gray, Richard T, Grebely, Jason, Gschwantler, Michael, Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Hamid, Saeed S, Hamoudi, Waseem, Hatzakis, Angelos, Hellard, Margaret E, Himatt, Sayed, Hofer, Harald, Hrstic, Irena, Hunyady, Bela, Husa, Petr, Husic-Selimovic, Azra, Jafri, Wasim S M, Janicko, Martin, Janjua, Naveed, Jarcuska, Peter, Jaroszewicz, Jerzy, Jerkeman, Anna, Jeruma, Agita, Jia, Jidong, Jonasson, Jon G, Kåberg, Martin, Kaita, Kelly D E, Kaliaskarova, Kulpash S, Kao, Jia-Horng, Kasymov, Omor T, Kelly-Hanku, Angela, Khamis, Faryal, Khamis, Jawad, Khan, Aamir G, Khandu, Lekey, Khoudri, Ibtissam, Kielland, Knut B, Kim, Do Young, Kodjoh, Nicolas, Kondili, Loreta A, Krajden, Mel, Krarup, Henrik Bygum, Kristian, Pavol, Kwon, Jisoo A, Lagging, Martin, Laleman, Wim, Lao, Wai Cheung, Lavanchy, Daniel, Lázaro, Pablo, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lee, Alice U, Lee, Mei-Hsuan, Li, Michael K K, Liakina, Valentina, Lim, Young-Suk, Löve, Arthur, Lukšić, Boris, Machekera, Shepherd Mufudzi, Malu, Abraham O, Marinho, Rui T, Maticic, Mojca, Mekonnen, Hailemichael D, Mendes-Correa, Maria Cássia, Mendez-Sanchez, Nahum, Merat, Shahin, Meshesha, Berhane Redae, Midgard, Håvard, Mills, Mike, Mohamed, Rosmawati, Mooneyhan, Ellen, Moreno, Christophe, Muljono, David H, Müllhaupt, Beat, Musabaev, Erkin, Muyldermans, Gaëtan, Nartey, Yvonne Ayerki, Naveira, Marcelo C M, Negro, Francesco, Nersesov, Alexander V, Njouom, Richard, Ntagirabiri, Rénovat, Nurmatov, Zuridin S, Obekpa, Solomon A, Oguche, Stephen, Olafsson, Sigurdur, Ong, Janus P, Opare-Sem, Ohene K, Orrego, Mauricio, Øvrehus, Anne L, Pan, Calvin Q, Papatheodoridis, George V, Peck-Radosavljevic, Markus, Pessoa, Mário G, Phillips, Richard O, Pimenov, Nikolay, Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana, Prabdial-Sing, Nishi N, Puri, Pankaj, Qureshi, Huma, Rahman, Aninda, Ramji, Alnoor, Razavi-Shearer, Devin M, Razavi-Shearer, Kathryn, Ridruejo, Ezequiel, Ríos-Hincapié, Cielo Y, Rizvi, S M Shahriar, Robaeys, Geert K M M, Roberts, Lewis R, Roberts, Stuart K, Ryder, Stephen D, Sadirova, Shakhlo, Saeed, Umar, Safadi, Rifaat, Sagalova, Olga, Said, Sanaa S, Salupere, Riina, Sanai, Faisal M, Sanchez-Avila, Juan F, Saraswat, Vivek A, Sarrazin, Christoph, Sarybayeva, Gulya, Seguin-Devaux, Carole, Sharara, Ala I, Sheikh, Mahdi, Shewaye, Abate B, Sievert, William, Simojoki, Kaarlo, Simonova, Marieta Y, Sonderup, Mark W, Spearman, C Wendy, Sperl, Jan, Stauber, Rudolf E, Stedman, Catherine A M, Su, Tung-Hung, Suleiman, Anita, Sypsa, Vana, Tamayo Antabak, Natalia, Tan, Soek-Siam, Tergast, Tammo L, Thurairajah, Prem H, Tolmane, Ieva, Tomasiewicz, Krzysztof, Tsereteli, Maia, Uzochukwu, Benjamin S C, Van De Vijver, David A M C, Van Santen, Daniela K, Van Vlierberghe, Hans, Van Welzen, Berend, Vanwolleghem, Thomas, Vélez-Möller, Patricia, Villamil, Federico, Vince, Adriana, Waheed, Yasir, Weis, Nina, Wong, Vincent W-S, Yaghi, Cesar G, Yesmembetov, Kakharman, Yosry, Ayman, Yuen, Man-Fung, Yunihastuti, Evy, Zeuzem, Stefan, Zuckerman, Eli, and Razavi, Homie A

Published
2022
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135. Genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Ghana from 2020-2021

Author

Morang’a, Collins M., Ngoi, Joyce M., Gyamfi, Jones, Amuzu, Dominic S. Y., Nuertey, Benjamin D., Soglo, Philip M., Appiah, Vincent, Asante, Ivy A., Owusu-Oduro, Paul, Armoo, Samuel, Adu-Gyasi, Dennis, Amoako, Nicholas, Oliver-Commey, Joseph, Owusu, Michael, Sylverken, Augustina, Fenteng, Edward D., M’cormack, Violette V., Tei-Maya, Frederick, Quansah, Evelyn B., Ayivor-Djanie, Reuben, Amoako, Enock K., Ogbe, Isaac T., Yemi, Bright K., Osei-Wusu, Israel, Mettle, Deborah N. A., Saiid, Samirah, Tapela, Kesego, Dzabeng, Francis, Magnussen, Vanessa, Quaye, Jerry, Opurum, Precious C., Carr, Rosina A., Ababio, Patrick T., Abass, Abdul-Karim, Akoriyea, Samuel K., Amoako, Emmanuella, Kumi-Ansah, Frederick, Boakye, Oliver D., Mibut, Dam K., Odoom, Theophilus, Ofori-Boadu, Lawrence, Allegye-Cudjoe, Emmanuel, Dassah, Sylvester, Asoala, Victor, Asante, Kwaku P., Phillips, Richard O., Osei-Atweneboana, Mike Y., Gyapong, John O., Kuma-Aboagye, Patrick, Ampofo, William K., Duedu, Kwabena O., Ndam, Nicaise T., Bediako, Yaw, Quashie, Peter K., Amenga-Etego, Lucas N., and Awandare, Gordon A.

Published
2022
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137. SARS-COV-2 antibody responses to AZD1222 vaccination in West Africa

Author

Abdullahi, Adam, Oladele, David, Owusu, Michael, Kemp, Steven A., Ayorinde, James, Salako, Abideen, Fink, Douglas, Ige, Fehintola, Ferreira, Isabella A. T. M., Meng, Bo, Sylverken, Augustina Angelina, Onwuamah, Chika, Boadu, Kwame Ofori, Osuolale, Kazeem, Frimpong, James Opoku, Abubakar, Rufai, Okuruawe, Azuka, Abdullahi, Haruna Wisso, Liboro, Gideon, Agyemang, Lawrence Duah, Ayisi-Boateng, Nana Kwame, Odubela, Oluwatosin, Ohihoin, Gregory, Ezechi, Oliver, Kamasah, Japhet Senyo, Ameyaw, Emmanuel, Arthur, Joshua, Kyei, Derrick Boakye, Owusu, Dorcas Ohui, Usman, Olagoke, Mogaji, Sunday, Dada, Adedamola, Agyei, George, Ebrahimi, Soraya, Gutierrez, Lourdes Ceron, Aliyu, Sani H., Doffinger, Rainer, Audu, Rosemary, Adegbola, Richard, Mlcochova, Petra, Phillips, Richard Odame, Solako, Babatunde Lawal, and Gupta, Ravindra K.

Published
2022
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138. Genomic insights into the secondary aquatic transition of penguins

Author

Cole, Theresa L., Zhou, Chengran, Fang, Miaoquan, Pan, Hailin, Ksepka, Daniel T., Fiddaman, Steven R., Emerling, Christopher A., Thomas, Daniel B., Bi, Xupeng, Fang, Qi, Ellegaard, Martin R., Feng, Shaohong, Smith, Adrian L., Heath, Tracy A., Tennyson, Alan J. D., Borboroglu, Pablo García, Wood, Jamie R., Hadden, Peter W., Grosser, Stefanie, Bost, Charles-André, Cherel, Yves, Mattern, Thomas, Hart, Tom, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., Shepherd, Lara D., Phillips, Richard A., Quillfeldt, Petra, Masello, Juan F., Bouzat, Juan L., Ryan, Peter G., Thompson, David R., Ellenberg, Ursula, Dann, Peter, Miller, Gary, Dee Boersma, P., Zhao, Ruoping, Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Yang, Huanming, Zhang, De-Xing, and Zhang, Guojie

Published
2022
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140. Genetic characterization of varicella-zoster and HIV-1 viruses from the cerebrospinal fluid of a co-infected encephalitic patient, Ghana

Author

El-Duah, Philip, Sylverken, Augustina Angelina, Owusu, Michael, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Yeboah, Richmond, Gorman, Richmond, Nyarko-Afriyie, Emmanuella, Schneider, Julia, Jones, Terry C., Bonney, Joseph, Adade, Titus, Yeboah, Eric Smart, Binger, Tabea, Corman, Victor Max, Drosten, Christian, and Phillips, Richard Odame

Published
2022
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143. Interpretable Active Learning

Author

Phillips, Richard L., Chang, Kyu Hyun, and Friedler, Sorelle A.

Subjects
Statistics - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Active learning has long been a topic of study in machine learning. However, as increasingly complex and opaque models have become standard practice, the process of active learning, too, has become more opaque. There has been little investigation into interpreting what specific trends and patterns an active learning strategy may be exploring. This work expands on the Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations framework (LIME) to provide explanations for active learning recommendations. We demonstrate how LIME can be used to generate locally faithful explanations for an active learning strategy, and how these explanations can be used to understand how different models and datasets explore a problem space over time. In order to quantify the per-subgroup differences in how an active learning strategy queries spatial regions, we introduce a notion of uncertainty bias (based on disparate impact) to measure the discrepancy in the confidence for a model's predictions between one subgroup and another. Using the uncertainty bias measure, we show that our query explanations accurately reflect the subgroup focus of the active learning queries, allowing for an interpretable explanation of what is being learned as points with similar sources of uncertainty have their uncertainty bias resolved. We demonstrate that this technique can be applied to track uncertainty bias over user-defined clusters or automatically generated clusters based on the source of uncertainty., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, presented at 2018 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAT*), New York, New York, USA. Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency, PMLR 81:49-61, 2018

Published
2017

144. Changing measurements or changing movements? Sampling scale and movement model identifiability across generations of biologging technology

Author

Johnson, Leah R., Boersch-Supan, Philipp H., Phillips, Richard A., and Ryan, Sadie J.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

1. Animal movement patterns contribute to our understanding of variation in breeding success and survival of individuals, and the implications for population dynamics. 2. Over time, sensor technology for measuring movement patterns has improved. Although older technologies may be rendered obsolete, the existing data are still valuable, especially if new and old data can be compared to test whether a behaviour has changed over time. 3. We used simulated data to assess the ability to quantify and correctly identify patterns of seabird flight lengths under observational regimes used in successive generations of tracking technology. 4. Care must be taken when comparing data collected at differing time-scales, even when using inference procedures that incorporate the observational process, as model selection and parameter estimation may be biased. In practice, comparisons may only be valid when degrading all data to match the lowest resolution in a set. 5. Changes in tracking technology that lead to aggregation of measurements at different temporal scales make comparisons challenging. We therefore urge ecologists to use synthetic data to assess whether accurate parameter estimation is possible for models comparing disparate data sets before conducting analyses such as responses to environmental changes or the assessment of management actions., Comment: 31 pages, including appendices. 4 figures, 4 tables

Published
2017
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145. Variation of root functional traits indicates flexible below‐ground economic strategies of the riparian tree species Populus fremontii.

Author

Schaefer, Elena A., Gehring, Catherine A., Phillips, Richard P., Gadrat, Emma, and Karst, Justine

Subjects
ORNAMENTAL plants, COLONIZATION (Ecology), ORNAMENTAL trees, VESICULAR-arbuscular mycorrhizas, COTTONWOOD
Abstract

Plant‐mycorrhizal type has been suggested as an integrator of plant functional traits, yet most of what is known about these relationships comes from studies of different plant taxa, where the effects of mycorrhizal type cannot be isolated. In addition to affecting carbon‐nutrient exchanges, plants that associate with distinct mycorrhizal types often differ in several traits, with consequences for myriad below‐ground processes.We used two common gardens planted with Populus fremontii, a tree species that can simultaneously associate with both arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, to examine the degree to which mycorrhizal‐type dominance influences root traits and trait relationships across the root economic space.While P. fremontii formed AM and ECM associations simultaneously, individuals displayed a dominant mycorrhizal type driven primarily by garden location. Trees in the low‐elevation garden, regardless of provenance, were colonized primarily by AM fungi, whereas trees in the high‐elevation garden were colonized primarily by ECM fungi. In root systems at the low‐elevation garden, AM colonization rates were negatively related to specific root length indicating trade‐off with investment in foraging roots. In contrast, root systems at the high‐elevation garden, ECM colonization was negatively related to root tissue density, demonstrating a potential trade‐off between resource acquisition and root growth/defence. All other root economic traits remained similar between mycorrhizal types.While root traits varied little between AM‐ and ECM‐dominated trees (and gardens), their relationships with one another differed in each garden, suggesting unique strategies and trait trade‐offs in a single species. As global change continues to alter environments, species like P. fremontii, which experience a range of abiotic conditions, could signal how other tree species might modify root traits and strategies in response. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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146. Understanding the potential of bamboo fibers in the USA: A comprehensive techno‐economic comparison of bamboo fiber production through mechanical and chemical processes.

Author

Vivas, Keren A., Pifano, Alonzo, Vera, Ramon E., Urdaneta, Fernando, Urdaneta, Isabel, Forfora, Naycari, Abbati de Assis, Camilla, Phillips, Richard B., Dasmohapatra, Sudipta, Saloni, Daniel, Venditti, Richard A., and Gonzalez, Ronalds

Subjects
BAMBOO, SULFATE pulping process, PRICES, MARKET prices, CHEMICAL systems, FIBERS, CHEMICAL processes
Abstract

The growing interest in bamboo fibers for pulp, paper, and board production in the USA necessitates a comprehensive financial viability assessment. This study conducts a detailed technoeconomic analysis (TEA) of bamboo fiber production, primarily for the consumer hygiene tissue market although it is also applicable to other industrial uses. The economic viability of two pulping methods – alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping (APMP) and ammonium bisulfite chemical pulping (ABS) – was explored within three different pulp mill settings to supply pulp to two nonintegrated tissue and towel mills in South Carolina, USA. The target was to produce wet lap bamboo bleached pulp at 50% consistency and 70% ISO brightness. Despite higher initial capital invesment and operating costs, ABS achieved a lower minimum required selling price – USD 544 to 686 per bone dry metric ton (BDt = 1000 BDkg) – in comparison with USD 766 to 899 BDt−1 for APMP. This price advantage is partly due to an additional revenue stream (lignosulfonate byproduct), which not only boosts revenue but also circumvents the need for expensive chemical recovery systems. When compared with traditional kraft pulping, both methods require significantly lower capital investments, with minimum required selling prices (estimated to achieve 16% IRR) below current market rates for extensively used bleached kraft pulps in the USA tissue industry. The economic benefits derive from several factors: the low cost of bamboo as raw material, reduced capital needs for new pulping technologies, lower transportation costs from the pulp mill to tissue and towel manufacturing facilities, and the high market price of bleached kraft pulp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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147. Asymmetric effects of hydroclimate extremes on eastern US tree growth: Implications on current demographic shifts and climate variability.

Author

Maxwell, Justin T., Au, Tsun Fung, Kannenberg, Steven A., Harley, Grant L., Dannenberg, Matthew P., Ficklin, Darren L., Robeson, Scott M., Férriz, Macarena, Benson, Michael C., Lockwood, Benjamin R., Novick, Kimberly A., Phillips, Richard P., Rochner, Maegen L., and Pederson, Neil

Subjects
CLIMATE change models, CLIMATE extremes, TREE-rings, SUGAR maple, TREE growth
Abstract

Forests around the world are experiencing changes due to climate variability and human land use. How these changes interact and influence the vulnerability of forests are not well understood. In the eastern United States, well‐documented anthropogenic disturbances and land‐use decisions, such as logging and fire suppression, have influenced forest species assemblages, leading to a demographic shift from forests dominated by xeric species to those dominated by mesic species. Contemporarily, the climate has changed and is expected to continue to warm and produce higher evaporative demand, imposing stronger drought stress on forest communities. Here, we use an extensive network of tree‐ring records from common hardwood species across ~100 sites and ~1300 trees in the eastern United States to examine the magnitude of growth response to both wet and dry climate extremes. We find that growth reductions during drought exceed the positive growth response to pluvials. Mesic species such as Liriodendron tulipifera and Acer saccharum, which are becoming more dominant, are more sensitive to drought than more xeric species, such as oaks (Quercus) and hickory (Carya), especially at moderate and extreme drought intensities. Although more extreme droughts produce a larger annual growth reduction, mild droughts resulted in the largest cumulative growth decreases due to their higher frequency. When using global climate model projections, all scenarios show drought frequency increasing substantially (3–9 times more likely) by 2100. Thus, the ongoing demographic shift toward more mesic species in the eastern United States combined with drier conditions results in larger drought‐induced growth declines, suggesting that drought will have an even larger impact on aboveground carbon uptake in the future in the eastern United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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