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478 results on '"Philis-Tsimikas, Athena"'

106. Superior efficacy of insulin degludec/liraglutide versus insulin glargine U100 as add‐on to sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor therapy: A randomized clinical trial in people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes

Author

Philis‐Tsimikas, Athena, primary, Billings, Liana K., additional, Busch, Robert, additional, Portillo, Cristobal Morales, additional, Sahay, Rakesh, additional, Halladin, Natalie, additional, Eggert, Sarah, additional, Begtrup, Kamilla, additional, and Harris, Stewart, additional

Published
2019
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110. Development of a hypoglycaemia risk score to identify high‐risk individuals with advanced type 2 diabetes in DEVOTE.

Author

Heller, Simon, Lingvay, Ildiko, Marso, Steven P., Philis‐Tsimikas, Athena, Pieber, Thomas R., Poulter, Neil R., Pratley, Richard E., Hachmann‐Nielsen, Elise, Kvist, Kajsa, Lange, Martin, Moses, Alan C., Trock Andresen, Marie, and Buse, John B.

Subjects
TYPE 2 diabetes, PATIENT care, TIME perspective, RISK perception
Abstract

Aims: The ability to differentiate patient populations with type 2 diabetes at high risk of severe hypoglycaemia could impact clinical decision making. The aim of this study was to develop a risk score, using patient characteristics, that could differentiate between populations with higher and lower 2‐year risk of severe hypoglycaemia among individuals at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Materials and methods: Two models were developed for the risk score based on data from the DEVOTE cardiovascular outcomes trials. The first, a data‐driven machine‐learning model, used stepwise regression with bidirectional elimination to identify risk factors for severe hypoglycaemia. The second, a risk score based on known clinical risk factors accessible in clinical practice identified from the data‐driven model, included: insulin treatment regimen; diabetes duration; sex; age; and glycated haemoglobin, all at baseline. Both the data‐driven model and simple risk score were evaluated for discrimination, calibration and generalizability using data from DEVOTE, and were validated against the external LEADER cardiovascular outcomes trial dataset. Results: Both the data‐driven model and the simple risk score discriminated between patients at higher and lower hypoglycaemia risk, and performed similarly well based on the time‐dependent area under the curve index (0.63 and 0.66, respectively) over a 2‐year time horizon. Conclusions: Both the data‐driven model and the simple hypoglycaemia risk score were able to discriminate between patients at higher and lower risk of severe hypoglycaemia, the latter doing so using easily accessible clinical data. The implementation of such a tool (http://www.hyporiskscore.com/) may facilitate improved recognition of, and education about, severe hypoglycaemia risk, potentially improving patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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111. Risk of severe hypoglycaemia and its impact in type 2 diabetes in DEVOTE.

Author

Heller, Simon, Lingvay, Ildiko, Marso, Steven P., Philis‐Tsimikas, Athena, Pieber, Thomas R., Poulter, Neil R., Pratley, Richard E., Hachmann‐Nielsen, Elise, Kvist, Kajsa, Lange, Martin, Moses, Alan C., Andresen, Marie Trock, and Buse, John B.

Subjects
TYPE 2 diabetes, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors
Abstract

Aims: To undertake a post‐hoc analysis, utilizing a hypoglycaemia risk score based on DEVOTE trial data, to investigate if a high risk of severe hypoglycaemia was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, and whether reduced rates of severe hypoglycaemia in patients identified as having the highest risk affected the risk of cardiovascular outcomes. Materials and Methods: The DEVOTE population was divided into quartiles according to patients' individual hypoglycaemia risk scores. For each quartile, the observed incidence and rate of severe hypoglycaemia, major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and all‐cause mortality were determined to investigate whether those with the highest risk of hypoglycaemia were also at the greatest risk of MACE and all‐cause mortality. In addition, treatment differences within each risk quartile [insulin degludec (degludec) vs. insulin glargine 100 units/mL (glargine U100)] in terms of severe hypoglycaemia, MACE and all‐cause mortality were investigated. Results: Patients with the highest risk scores had the highest rates of severe hypoglycaemia, MACE and all‐cause mortality. Treatment ratios between degludec and glargine U100 in the highest risk quartile were 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56 (0.39; 0.80) (severe hypoglycaemia), 95% CI 0.76 (0.58; 0.99) (MACE) and 95% CI 0.77 (0.55; 1.07) (all‐cause mortality). Conclusions: The risk score demonstrated that a high risk of severe hypoglycaemia was associated with a high incidence of MACE and all‐cause mortality and that, in this high‐risk group, those treated with degludec had a lower incidence of MACE. These observations support the hypothesis that hypoglycaemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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112. Predictors of glycemic control among patients with Type 2 diabetes: A longitudinal study

Author

Philis-Tsimikas Athena, Fleming Regina, Benoit Stephen R, and Ji Ming

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death and results in significant morbidity. The purpose of this study is to determine what demographic, health status, treatment, access/quality of care, and behavioral factors are associated with poor glycemic control in a Type 2 diabetic, low-income, minority, San Diego population. Methods Longitudinal observational data was collected on patients with Type 2 diabetes from Project Dulce, a program in San Diego County designed to care for an underserved diabetic population. The study sample included 573 patients with a racial/ethnic mix of 53% Hispanic, 7% black, 18% Asian, 20% white, and 2% other. We utilized mixed effects models to determine the factors associated with poor glycemic control using hemoglobin A1C (A1C) as the outcome of interest. A multi-step model building process was used resulting in a final parsimonious model with main effects and interaction terms. Results Patients had a mean age of 55 years, 69% were female, the mean duration of diabetes was 7.1 years, 31% were treated with insulin, and 57% were obese. American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations for blood pressure and total cholesterol were met by 71% and 68%, respectively. Results of the mixed effects model showed that patients who were uninsured, had diabetes for a longer period of time, used insulin or multiple oral agents, or had high cholesterol had higher A1C values over time indicating poorer glycemic control. The younger subjects also had poorer control. Conclusion This study provides factors that predict glycemic control in a specific low-income, multiethnic, Type 2 diabetic population. With this information, subgroups with high risk of disease morbidity were identified. Barriers that prevent these patients from meeting their goals must be explored to improve health outcomes.

Published
2005
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113. Efficacy and Safety of Degludec versus Glargine in Type 2 Diabetes

Author

Marso, Steven P., McGuire, Darren K., Zinman, Bernard, Poulter, Neil R., Emerson, Scott S., Pieber, Thomas R., Pratley, Richard E., Haahr, Poul-Martin, Lange, Martin, Brown-Frandsen, Kirstine, Moses, Alan, Skibsted, Simon, Kvist, Kajsa, Buse, John B., Hansen, Liliana, Rabol, Rasmus, Bethel, Angelyn, de Lemos, James A., Senn, Stephen, Schwamm, Lee, Timmis, Adam, Alshekhlee, Amer, Bach, Richard G., Bertram, Therese M., Chaitman, Bernard R., Cruz-Flores, Salvador, Eckstein, Jane F., Feen, Eliahu S., Fisher, Simon J., Gosselin, Gilbert, Lim, Michael J., Rosenzweig, James L., Sherwin, Robert S., Tobin, Garry S., Vetrovec, George, Ziemer, David C., Daugaard, Gedske, Ozlem, Er, Pollak, Michael, Sengelov, Lisa, Ahn, Yu-Bae, Amod, Aslam, Benroubi, Mariana, Boonyavarakul, Apussanee, Canecki-Varzic, Silvija, Consoli, Agostino, Eliaschewitz, Freddy G., Franek, Edward, Jinnouchi, Hideaki, Khokhlov, Alexander L., Mithal, Ambrish, Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, Ong, Tiong Kiam, Pop, Lavinia, Reyna, Leobardo Sauque, Rodbard, Helena W., Roula, Daoud, Saravanan, Ponnusamy, Sesti, Giorgio, Sorli, Christopher, Sposetti, Georgina, Tinahones-Madueno, Francisco-Jose, Woo, Vincent, Berard, Lori, Caballero Mateos, Irene, Cooper, Alison, DeLuca, Clarisa, Fillary, Julie, Gan, Diyana Gan Abdul Rahman, Goondiwala, Amina, Tapia, Jessica, Busch, Robert, Chaykin, Louis, Hollander, Priscilla, Karounos, Dennis, Lane, Wendy, Lingvay, Ildiko, Odugbesan, A. Ola, Ohlson-Elliott, Theresa, Ovalle, Fernando, Pantalone, Kevin M., Phelps, Spencer, Pop-Busui, Rodica, Robertson, David, Shlesinger, Yshay, Silver, Robert, Warren, Mark, Arrar, Mohammed, Belkheir, Hassani, Benabbas, Youcef, Benferhat, Schahrazed, Benoun, Fatima, Bensalem, Samia, Bourezane, Samia, Elaoufi, Selmane Rafik, Gourine, Mouna, Hadjhabib, Mohamed, Hadjhamou, Fouzia, Hakem, Jamila, Kaouache, Nadjib, Khensal, Sabrina, Kitouni, Yacine, Lakhal, Lamine, Lezzar, Al-Kassem, Meftah, Imane Aicha, Mehenni, Lahouaria, Nouri, Nassim, Oumerzouk, Fatma, Sakouhi, Mounia, Talha, Kheira, Zemri, Zouaouia, Caeiro, Gabriela, Calveyra, Martha, Cluigt, Natalia, Geronazzo, Veronica, Lema, Silvina, Monferran, Pablo Martinez, Oviedo, Alejandra, Pozzi, Jose, Sala, Jorgelina, Schindler, Ana, Sernia, Virginia, Sicer, Maximiliano, Solis, Silvana, Varela, Patricia, Waitman, Jorge, Augusto, Gustavo Akerman, Alves, Breno, Alves, Erica, Barbosa, Luciana, Bona, Renata, Borges, Joao, Bosco, Adriana, Canani, Luis, Castro, Denise, Cavalcante, Lilian, Cechin, Laura, Cercato, Cintia, Chrisman, Carlos, Chrisman, Carolina, Cintra, Rebecca, Costa, Giselle, Fontenele, Ana Paula, Forti, Adriana, Francisco, Beatriz, Franco, Denise, Genestreti, Paulo, Gross, Jorge, Haddad, Ludmila, Halpern, Alfredo, Hissa, Miguel, Leanca, Camila, Leao, Beatriz, Marinho, Ana Elisabeth, Miranda, Isabela, Nunes, Adriano, Palhares, Fabiana, Poco, Christiani, Salles, Joao, Sampaio, Celia, Santomauro Jr., Augusto, Sartori, Carla, Sena, Rita, da Silva, Marina, da Silva, Paula, Siqueira, Katia, Turatti, Luiz, Valenti, Adriana, Vasques, Enio, Vencio, Sergio, Visconti, Guilherme, Belanger, Andre, Chilvers, Martyn, Dumas, Richard, Hurd, Carmen, Lafleche, Francois, Lam, Paul, Martinho, Valdemar, Palardy, Jean, Peterson, Sean, Raff, Errol, Sinnaeve, Linda, Sullivan, David, Baraban, Vedrana, Blaslov, Kristina, Bulum, Tomislav, Varzic, Silvija Canecki, Berkovic, Maja Cigrovski, Balen, Marica Jandric, Kruljac, Ivan, Lesnjakovic, Silvija, Lucijanic, Tomo, Majic, Ana, Rahelic, Dario, Smircic-Duvnjak, Lea, Vrkljan, Milan, Zibar, Karin, Zukanovic, Sidbela, Athanasopoulou, Elpida, Benis, Apostolos, Benroubi, Marian, Diakoumopoulou, Evanthia, Doupis, John, Griva, Theodora, Kazakos, Kyriakos, Kypraios, Nikolaos, Liatis, Stavros, Makrilakis, Konstantinos, Markou, Athina, Pagkalos, Emmanouil, Papanastasiou, Labrini, Piaditis, George, Sampanis, Christos, Siami, Evangelia, Tentolouris, Nikolaos, Tsiama, Vasiliki, Zografou, Ioanna, Adling, Pravishal, Ali, Mazher, Anjana, R. M., Arora, Arpita, Ayyar, Vageesh, Banerjee, Suvro, Bantwal, Ganapathi, Bhagwat, Nikhil, Bhattacharyya, Arpandev, Bhawarlal, Anandakumar, Chakraborty, Rabin, Chatterjee, Sanjay, Chaudhury, Tirthankar, Chowdhury, Subhankar, Damelia, Priyal, Das, Mrinal, Das, Sambit, Desai, Ankush, Devru, Nandani, Farooqui, Khalid, Ganie, Mohd Ashraf, George, Belinda, Ghosh, Debasis, Girithara, Gopalakrishnan, Haribhai, Zinzuwadia, Jain, Nupur, Jassar, Amandeep, Joshi, Ameya, Kale, Dilip, Kale, Shailaja, Kelwade, Jayant, Khatri, Ashok, Kulshreshtha, Bindu, Majumder, Bikas, Manikath, Neeraj, Margekar, Shubhalaxmi, Marwah, Tiven, Mathew, Vivek, Moulick, N. D., Mutha, Abhay, Muthu, Ramuu, Nalawade, Asmitha, Narvencar, Kedareshwar, Pandit, Kaushik, Pangtey, Ghanshyam, Parthasarathy, B., Phatak, Sanjeev, Prakash, Anupam, Prusty, Pitambar, Radhakrishnan, Chandni, Raja, Indu, Ravikumar, Ranjani, Saboo, Banshi, Sachdeva, Isha, Sangeetha, S., Selvam, Kasthuri, Sethi, Bipin, Shah, Asha, Shah, Harshal K., Shah, Priyanshu, Shah, Rushit, Shaikh, Sajid, Shaikh, Shehla, Singh, K. P., Sivagnanam, Nallaperumal, Tandon, Nikhil, Thonangi, Rajesh, Thulaseedharan, N., Toraskar, Kedar, Varthakavi, Premalatha, Yadav, Sameer, Andreozz, Francesco, Arturi, Franco, Baldassarre, Maria Pompea Antonia, Barone, Milena, Bonura, Alice, Bucciarelli, Loredana, Buscemi, Chiara, Buscemi, Silvio, Carnovale, Anna, Caselli, Chiara, Ceci, Gloria, Cimino, Elena, Colella, Alessandra, Crippa, Valentina, Cufone, Sabrina, D'Erasmo, Laura, De Remigis, Alessandra, Di Bartolo, Paolo, Dionisio, Rosa, Disoteo, Olga, Fabietti, Marcella, Febo, Fabrizio, Filetti, Sebastiano, Genovese, Stefano, Ginestra, Federica, Grancini, Valeria, Grieco, Elvira, Magistro, Andrea, Maranghi, Marianna, Monti, Lucilla, Orsi, Emanuela, Pellicano, Francesca, Pergolini, Daniela, Perticone, Francesca, Piatti, PierMarco, Pizzi, Gianluigi, Rondinelli, Maurizio, Rossi, Margherita, Rubino, Mariangela, Setola, Emanuela, Succurro, Elena, Tarquini, Giovanna, Tiseo, Giusy, Tonolo, Giancarlo, Villa, Valentina, Hong, Stefania Vo, Amano, Kazushi, Hachiya, Remi, Hieshima, Kunio, Hirao, Koichi, Hisatake, Tomoko, Honda, Ritsuko, Ihana, Noriko, Inoue, Kaori, Iwamoto, Yasuhiko, Jinnouchi, Tomio, Kajiwara, Keizou, Kawazu, Shoji, Kikuchi, Masatoshi, Kikuchi, Takako, Koike, Yoko, Komatsu, Mitsuhisa, Kumakura, Atsushi, Kurinami, Noboru, Kushiyama, Akifumi, Maeda, Hajime, Matsuda, Toshihisa, Nakamura, Shuji, Nakayama, Koujin, Nishio, Shin-ichi, Onishi, Yukiko, Sato, Nobuyuki, Sato, Yoshihiko, Shirabe, Shinichiro, Sugiyama, Seigo, Suzuki, Tomoko, Tahara, Tazu, Takao, Toshiko, Takei, Masahiro, Takemoto, Ikutaka, Takeshige, Keiko, Tanaka, Kentaro, Taniguchi, Shotaro, Tsujimoto, Tetsuro, Tsukuda, Katsunori, Wakabayashi, Sayaka, Yamazaki, Masanori, Yoshida, Yoko, Yoshimoto, Ayako, Abidin, Imran Zainal, Abdullah, Shahrin Tarmizi Che, Adam, Noor Lita, Ahmad, Madihah, Ahmad, Nik Nur Fatnoon Nik, Amin, Nor Hanim Mohd, Aw, Cheng Yew, Cham, Yee Ling, Chong, Hui Min, Chua, Seng Keong, Fauzi, Sharifah Aisyah Shahabudin Syed Ahmad, Fong, Alan Yean Yip, Ghapar, Abd Kahar Abd, Hanafi, Norliza, Abu Hassan, Muhammad Radzi, Iberahim, Rahimah, Khiew, Ning Zan, Lee, Gary Chin Keong, Lingam, Rakesh, Long, Richard Chay Shien, Mahendran, Kauthaman A., Oon, Yen Yee, Said, Asri, Sothiratnam, Radhakrishna, Sridhar, Ganiga Srinivasiah, Suan, Mohd Azri Mohd, Tan, Sian Kong, Tey, Julian Hock Chuan, Undok, Abdul Wahab, Waid, Anuar, Vijayasingham, Shalini, Voon, Chi Yen, Yew, Kuan Leong, Yong, Lit Sin, Aguilar-Parra, Lilia, Aguirre, Karen, Alvarez-Carrillo, Rebeca, Arechavaleta-Granell, Maria, Baez-Campos, Aurelia, Bayram Llamas, Edmundo Alfredo, Calvo-Vargas, Cesar, Cedano-Limon, Marielena, Beltran Jaramillo, Teresita de Jesus, de Jesus Marin-Lopez, Jose, Ruiz Cornejo, Maria de Jesus, Juarez Cervantes, Maria del Carmen, Estevez de Alba, Isabel, Estrada Garcia, Raul, Estrada, Suellen, Garza-Vergara, Marisol, Gonzalez-Perez, Rosa, Gonzalez-Valencia, Carlos, Guerrero-Reyes, Rosalinda, Haro Ortiz, Jose Alfredo, Hernandez Salazar, Eduardo, Illescas Diaz, Iris, Illescas Diaz, Jesus, Loredo, Imelda, Jimenez-Ramos, Silvia, Larios-Mora, Diana, Lopez Garcia, Maria Elena, Lopez-Serrano, Julieta, Martinez-Nolasco, Bertha, Nunez Marquez, Ricardo, Pacheco Aranda, Elizabeth, Peralta-Cantu, Irving, Perez Chagollan, Ana, Ramirez, Maria, Robledo Duron, Israel, Rodriguez Briones, Ignacio, Rodriguez, Maria, Sauque Reyna, Leobardo, Vazquez-Ceja, Adriana, Vera-Bocanegra, Alejandro, Vidrio Velazquez, Maricela, Contreras Sandoval, Aleida Yael, Bartelik, Karol, Bilska, Aleksandra, Biniszkiewicz, Tomasz, Bogdanski, Pawel, Chamienia, Agnieszka, Cieslak-Puchalska, Anna, Czochra, Wojciech, Gajewski, Bogdan, Gromniak, Elwira, Holda, Ewa, Jaskulska-Gorzelewska, Barbara, Jedynasty, Krystyna, Kloda, Elzbieta, Kmak-Balawender, Beata, Kobielusz-Gembala, Iwona, Konieczny, Marek, Kramarczuk, Elzbieta, Kuleta, Jerzy, Lesniewski, Robert, Lominska, Teresa, Lukaszewicz, Monika, Majewska, Izabella, Mlynarski, Tomasz, Mostowy, Aleksandra, Rybak, Anna, Skrypnik, Damian, Wolny, Malgorzata, Zmuda, Witold, Buduru, Alina Nicoleta, Cif, Adriana, Cozma, Mihaela, Crisan, Carmen, Barbonta, Cristian Gelu, Barbonta, Diana, Mihalcea, Madalina, Mociran, Mihaela, Muresan, Sorina, Popescu, Alexandrina, Pruna, Luchiana, Sandu, Nadia Ramona, Suleac, Oana Andreea, Vincze, Eva Cornelia, Andreeva, Elena, Berns, Svetlana, Barykina, Irina, Bernitcyna, Angela, Bezdenezhnykh, Natalia, Chumachek, Elena, Demarina, Svetlana, Didenko, Anna, Dubinina, Nadezhda, Dzherieva, Irina, Elsukova, Olga, Esenyan, Lev, Filippova, Ekaterina, Gabova, Nadezhda, Garina, Irina, Glikman, Yulia, Glova, Svetlana, Goncharova, Ekaterina, Gorbatova, Elena, Gordeev, Ivan, Grigorian, Inessa, Gromova, Svetlana, Ipatko, Irina, Karaban, Elena, Katushkina, Yulia, Kaygorodtseva, Olga, Kerova, Irina, Khaisheva, Larisa, Khmelnitskiy, Oleg, Khokhlov, Alexander, Khokhlov, Mikhail, Khorolets, Ekaterina, Klyuenkova, Elena, Konovalova, Olga, Korneva, Ksenia, Kosmacheva, Elena, Kunitsyna, Marina, Kupriyanova, Tatiana, Kuznetsova, Natalia, Lantseva, Olga, Ledyaeva, Alla, Lileeva, Elena, Markovich, Alexander, Martirosian, Narine, Maslova, Alisa, Milyukova, Galina, Mokhova, Irina, Nagirniak, Olga, Nastina, Elena, Nedogoda, Sergei, Orlova, Valeriia, Svetlana, Otarova, Ostapenko, Marina, Papaskiri, Nino, Pavlikova, Elena, Peskov, Andrey, Petrik, Galina, Petrov, Alexander, Petunina, Nina, Platonov, Dmitry, Poliakova, Yulia, Potapova, Zhanna, Pribylova, Svetlana, Razumovsky, Igor, Redkin, Alexander, Rodionova, Tatyana, Rudenko, Evgenia, Rykalina, Natalia, Salasyuk, Alla, Semikina, Tatiana, Serebryakova, Inna, Shanina, Larisa, Shmidt, Evgenia, Sinitsina, Olga, Smetanina, Svetlana, Smirnova, Marya, Smirnova, Victoria, Smolentseva, Nadezhda, Sobolev, Alexander, Soldatenkova, Anna, Soldatova, Yulia, Speshilova, Svetlana, Startseva, Olga, Strezhova, Larisa, Strongin, Leonid, Suplotova, Lyudmila, Suvorova, Daria, Tepaeva, Alisa, Trukhina, Liubov, Tyugaeva, Alisa, Vasyutkova, Olga, Vinokurova, Valentina, Yukhno, Elena, Yuzhakova, Natalia, Zagrebelnaya, Olga, Zalevskaya, Alsu, Zhukova, Elena, Aomar Millan, Ismael, Beltran Romero, Luis M., Ignacio Fernandez Navarro, Jose, Carlos Ferrer Garcia, Juan, Garcia Blasco, Lourdes, Garcia Garcia, Clara, Garcia Puig, Juan, Girbes Borras, Juan, Inigo Zaera, Pilar, Lopez de la Torre, Mart-n, Martinez Alfaro, Baldomera, Morales Portillo, Cristobal, Romero Sanchez, Paloma, Sebastian Ochoa, Nerea, Serrano Olmedo, Isabel, Tinahones Madueno, Francisco, Torres Jimenez, Rosa, Adeyemo, A. O., Bassa, Ayesha, Bhorat, A., Bhorat, Qasim, Blacking, Laura, Burgess, Lesley, Coetzee, Kathleen, Conradie, Hillet, Cyster, Henry, Distiller, Larry, Ellis, G. C., Gani, Mashra, Gordon, Debra, Govender, Parimala, Govender, Thirumani, Govender, Vimladhevi, Jivan, Daksha, Joffe, Barry, Jooma, Yaseer, Kaplan, Hilton, Komati, Stephanus, Kramer, Brian, Kruger, Sieglinde, Landau, Stanley, Latiff, Gulam, Maritz, L., Matthews, Peter, Middlemost, S. J., Ngcakani, Nomangesi, Nortje, Hennie, Osman, Yasmin, Padayachee, Trevenesan, Podgorski, Gracjan, Potts, Jenny, Pretorius, Catharina, Prozesky, Hans, Snyman, Hans, Tayob, Mohammed, Urbach, Dorothea, van der Merwe, Maryke, Vorajee, Haroon, Wilson, Nadine, Wing, J. R., Lee, Jie Eun, Ahn, Chang Ho, Kim, Nam Hoon, Kim, Sun Hwa, Hwangbo, Yul, Ko, Sun Hye, An, Jee Hyun, Ko, Seung Hyun, Lee, Ji Hyun, Noh, Jung Hyun, Ji, Myeong Jin, Kim, Kyeong Jin, Jung, Chan-Hyeon, Kim, DongJun, Kim, Kyongyoung, Kim, Lee-Kyung, Kim, SinGon, Kim, Eun Ky, Lee, Dong-Hwa, Cho, Young Min, Moon, Shin-Je, Oh, Chang-Myung, Hong, A. Ram, Park, Kyeong Seon, Yun, Jae Seung, Hong, Jae Won, Kim, Hee Young, Buranapin, Supawan, Deerochanawong, Chaicharn, Hengjeerajarus, Natavuth, Kosachunhanun, Natapong, Kuanprasert, Srun, Kunavisarut, Tada, Laortanakul, Rungnapa, Mangklabruks, Ampica, Phornphutkul, Mattabhorn, Prasitdamrong, Hutsaya, Snabboon, Thiti, Sriwijitkamol, Apiradee, Suwanwalaikorn, Sompongse, Tantiwong, Puntip, Tejavanija, Sirakarn, Vorasettakarnkit, Yongkasem, Alasabbagh, Samer, Bagais, Christos, Bingley, Polly, Borthwick, Les, Brett, Barbara, Davidson, Sue, Ewing, Jane, Garesse, Robert, Gillani, Syed, Gkastaris, Konstantinos, Herring, Roselle, Illsley, Graham, Johnson, Andrew, Kaplan, Felicity, Lonnen, Kathryn, Malcolm, Ellen, McCrimmon, Rory, Mcknight, John, Nair, Rajiv, Patel, Vinod, Pearson, Ewan, Raghavan, Rajeev, Raj, Suchitra, Russell-Jones, David, Sampson, Mike, Singh, Baldev, Sukamer, Nithya, Turner, Jeremy, Venkataraman, Hema, Viljoen, Adie, Wake, Deborah, Barnes, Cassandra, Boyd, Gary, Childress, Gwen, Coleman, Debora, Combs, Judy, Davis, Leon, Davison, Kentress, DeAtkine, David, Dunaway, Linda, Duncan, Janet, Hibbard, Nina, Martin, Melissa, Nichols, Melissa, Painter, Karolynn, Perkins, Tammy, Quinney, Rosylen, Raymond, Katrina, Roney, Christopher, Sanchez, Gilberto, Sosnowchik, James, Sultan, Farah, Talley, Shellie, Trippe, Bruce, Tuck, Pamela, Vaughan, T., Warriner, Amy, Watts, Tamara, Williams, Hayes, Abidov, Aiden, Abidov, Yulia, Anderson, Corey, Avila, Vanessa, Baraniak, James, Berry, Barbara, Bessette, Lynn, Blackwell, Gina, Burrows, Jennifer, Caldron, Meghan, Chang, Chui-An, Collins, Elizabeth, Crawford, Meli'sa, Delfin, Katherine, De'Loera, Jessie, Dokken, Betsy, Feld, Lawrence, Gill, Ryan, Gordon, James, Gordon, Rachel, Gullick, Nicole, Gutierrez, Diane, Harrison, Larissa, Haught, Annamarie, Hemmila, Karin, Hendrickson, Darell, Horsley, Craig, Hsu, Connie, Jerrell, Maggie, Kertesz, Briana, Khananisho, Paulina, Lenzmeier, Sonia, Lenzmeier, Thomas, Lipschitz, Barbara, Lonquist, Mark, Mather, Dana, (Shelley) Miceli, Michelene, Norris, Gwenth, Padilla, Ann Marie, Petersen, Dena, Riffer, Ernie, Scott, Susan, Sheridan, Kathryn, Smith, Misty, Stump, Craig, Thomson, Stephen, Torok, Ernese, Vesely, Kelly, Vincent, Tom, Wilson, Christy, Wilson, Sandra, Agarwal, Monica, Appleberry, Kady, Barden, M. Gregg, Brickell, Lorrie, Bravo, Eric, Cassis, Cady, Covington, Becky, Devine, De'Andrea, Dishongh, Katherine, Dugger, Joseph, Evans, Lauren, Francis, Spencer, Johnson, David, Koneru, Kalyana, Kurck, Sheryl, Lingisetty, Chandra, Menke, Jennifer, Miller, Beatrice, Montgomery, Cristal, Nimmo, Teresa, Pace, Daniel, Pellegrino, Richard, Rose, Joseph, Straub, Karl, Stubbs, Amanda, Thomas, Leslie, Thrasher, James, Thrasher, Lesa, Wijewardane, Priyantha, Williamson, Kimberly, Acevedo, Lizeth, Ahmad, Aakif, Andresen, Teri, Anderson-Berman, Nancy, Ayele, Etsegenet, Baker, Janice, Banares, Arlene, Barsalou, Thea, Becker, Steven, Benavidez, JoAnn, Benitez, Guadalupe, Bernstein, Richard, Bhasker, Kala, Blain, Arthur, Blustin, Joy, Bughi, Stephanie, Carney, Kimberly, Castro, Gerardo, Catangay, Jennifer, Chambers, Joseph, Chan, Eve, Chang, Amy, Chang, Anna, Chavous Jr., Donald, Chen, Constance, Chiu, Ken, Chochinov, Ronald, Chu, James, Cleghorn, Monica, Cohen-Gadol, Shariar, Cokely, David, Collins, Michelle, Collins, Yolanda, Colomy, Carissa, Cruz-Corona, Yolanda, Cunnea, Virginia, Dailey, George, Dang, Andy, Dang, Trinh, De La Luz, Mabel, Delgadillo, Rico, Delgado, Michael, Desta, Taddese, Doriguzzi, David, Dulgeroff, Anthony, Einhorn, Daniel, Emery, Pamela, Figueroa, Martin, Fink, Raymond, Flowe, Chelsea, Flowers, Francesca, Fregosi, Julie, Garcia, Gabriel, Garcia, Maria, Gaudiani, Linda, Gawad, Michael, Ghattas, Sam, Gilroy, Christine, Gonzalez, Viviana, Gonzalez, Yadira, Guadron-Hernandez, Liliana, Ha, Thu, Haas, Terry, Harbison, Judy, Hernandez, Graciela, Hernandez, Robert, Herrera, Nancy, Ho, Vincent, Hsu, Kang, Humphries, Denise, Huynh, Vincent, Jacobs, Shahram, Jardula, Michael, Jarman, Cheryl, Kabongo, Martin, Kafri, Hassan, Kaplan, Roy, Kim, Grace, Kobayashi, Gary, Korff, Gary, Kowalick, Alexandra, Levin, Ellis, Lewis, Erin, Lisovskiy, Svetlana, Luu, Hieu, Malkhassian, Daniel, Maletz, Louis, Martinez, Geraldine, Martinez, Gilbert, Martinez-Miss, Salomon, McCallum, James, Melikian, George, Metcalf, Francine, Michlin, Bernard, Michlin, Shira, Mitchell, Anitha, Moattari, Ali Reza, Montano-Pereira, Cynthia, Moon, Mia, Naderi, Bahar, Nagata, Jenna, Nguyen, Christopher, Norwood, Paul, Garcia, Sagrario Olmos, Olsen, Sharon, Pardino, Aarika, Parkes, Kathleen, Pascal, Aileen, Patel, Mihir, Paulson, Carolyn, Pernia, Kay, Perez, Marisol, Pham, David, Presant, Larry, Preston, Krista, Reeves, Laurie, Richards, Jessica, Rios-Santiago, Jessica, Risser, Joseph, Rodriguez, Silvia, (Cherrie) Rosal, Rosario, Rosenblit, Paul, Rosero, Raquel, Sadler, Chris, Samoa, Raynald, Sanchez, Liliana, Schaeffer, Cynthia, Schwartz, Alan, Scott, Christopher, Scott, Courtney, Scott, Cranford, Shartel, Jo-Ann, Shaw, Sylvia, Sivalingam, Kanagaratnam, Sligh, Scott, Sligh, Teresa, Smith, Bradley, Soler, Daniel, Spencer, Torre, Stalters, Sophia, Stone, Jenine, Szlachcic, Yaga, Thorsell, Ashley, Tu, Zhongheng, Unger, Jeffrey, Vela, Teresa, Walton, Anita, Whittle, Jessica, Wilson, Lou Ellen, Wing, Zandra, Wright, Philippa, Wyman, Shannan, Yao, Ni, Zlock, Douglas, Baker, Chelsea, Bakkum, Robyn, Bird, C. David, Carangi, Gwen, Cohen, Kenneth, Daza-Taylor, Kristen, Diesburg-Stanwood, Amy, Douglass, Sara, Finck, Lani, Karaboitis, Krisoula, Kerstein, Howard, Lesh, Kurt, Loesch, Ryan, McClure, Lori, Nevarez, Max, Pavol, Bristol, Rasouli, Neda, Rockler, Briana, Sanagorski, Rebecca, Solano, Royce, Underkofler, Chantal, Van Winkle, Rebecca, Weiss, Sarah, White, Katherine, Wirtemburg, Patricia, Zarrabi, Lida, Zemel, Leonard, Barchini, George, Casagni, Kimberely, Cordisco, Marie Elena, Davis, Amanda, Duffy-Hidalgo, Bobbi, Huntley, Richard, McNicol, Donald, Miller, Neil, Mukwaya, Margaret, Northrup, Patricia, Platt, Jonathan, Rabideau, Diane, Randolph, Pamela, Rose, Suzanne, Samuel, James, Savino, Robert, Soufer, Joseph, Torello, Carole, Abinader, Azarel, Agosto, Milagos, Aguirre, Frank, Alexander, Lori, Almanza, Orlando, Alvarez, Dalia, Anees, Muhammad, Aqua, Keith, Arazo, Luz, Asberry, Claudia, Ashley, Alyssa, Balentine, Tracy, Barta, Melissa, Bertot, Ivan, Binns-Leon, Michelle, Borello, Nora, Bostick, Janette, Boucher, Loria, Braddy, Dalton, Breton, Cristian, Broxton, Bridgitte, Burke, Deborah, Cabielles, Tania, Calderon, Juan, Canaan, Yamil, Canelon, Gustavo, Cardona, Jose, Castillo-Gonzalez, Sheila, Castro, Kenia, Chacon, Jessica, Chehade, Joe, Church, Lara, Cohen, Lisa, Crews, Erin, Cromer, Carol, Cromer, Michael, Cuello, Jorge, Cusi, Kenneth, de Leon, Karel, Delgado, Edmund, Delima, Selma, Denson, Janneral, DeVries, Benjamin, Diaz, Maritza, Digon, Beningo, Dowell, Michelle, Dunn, Kelly, Ellington, Dickson, Emerick, George, Encarnacion, Frances, Ezell, Leslie, Fahmie, Ashley, Fernandez, Noel, Figueredo, Rommel, Flores, Patricia, Fonseca, Juan, Freeman, Alain, Freeman, Erica, Frias, Juan, Garcia, Lazaro, Geronilla, Giovanni, Hamilton, Maxine, Hanabergh, Rodolfo, Hanson, Lenita, Harris, Kim, Hasan, Syed, Hendrick, Mary, Hicks, Melissa, Hoffman, Lara, Holt, Antoniwa, Hutchinson, Rachel, Iparraguirre, Harold, Janicka, Ania, Janovitz, Richard, Jones, Dawn, Jones, Sarah, Kaplun, Polina, Kelijman, Mirtha, Kersey, Angela, Khan, Ashraf, Khan, Misal, Kirk, Gregory, Konwai, Ada, Kovar, Meghan, Kutner, Mark, Lafaille, Jimmy, Leach, Dana, Levenson, David, Lewy-Alterbaum, Lorena, Light, Timothy, Lo, Margaret, Loman, Lusiana, Long, Sarah, Love, Jeremy, Madera, Arelis, Magee, James, Mallitz, Michelle, Marquez, Farid, Marshall, Richard, Mary, James, Mateu, Janet, McKenzie, Leanna, McKenzie, Rona, McKenzie, Wilfred, Mendelson, Reina, Mendez, Janet, Merlos, Ledis, Mierau, Jennifer, Miller, Robert, Miranda-Palma, Bresta, Montoya, Carla, Navarro, Eduardo, Neller, Christian, Nossa, Janette, Osborn, Tracey, Patel, Bijal, Penabad, Jesus, Perez, Gilberto, Pineda, Daniel, Pinero-Pilona, Antonio, Platt, George, Prestwood, Elfrida, Quintero, Luis, Rengifo, Rodney, Reyes, Dannier, Rivas, Aolani, Rivero, Mileydis, Robinson, Sonya, Robison, Dawn, Rodriguez, Dalier, Rodriguez, Ivete, Rodriguez, Toni, Rosario, Cristobal, Rosenwasser, Rebecca, Roura, Miguel, Schramm, Erich, Schramm, Rashi, Schweppe, Laurie, Segel, Scott, Sepulveda, Maria, Sheets, Lori, Shields, Karen, Smith, Krystal, Smith, Meridith, Somerstein, Claudia, Solano, Maria, Suarez, Manuel, Suarez, Omar, Suarez, Rogelio, Suarez, Victor, Sultan, Senan, Sutton, David, Szilagyi, Istvan, Thorne, Margaret, Travaglini, Stefano, Trevino, Miguel, Uriarte, Oscar, Vizcaino, Luis, Wadud, Khurram, Wehmeier, Kent, Weinstein, Debra, Welch, Celeste, White, Alexander, White, Basil, Williams, Tammy, Williamson, Cathi, Zwick, Lisa, Adams, Cynthia, Arkin, David, Bode, Bruce, Bonner, Sheila, Bonner, Wes, Bowen, Danielle, Bradley, Brooke, Bradley, Paul, Brennan, Elizaebeth, Brown, Cynthia, Brown, De'Aira, Burgess, Elizabeth, Collett, Taryn, Cook, Jennifer, Corse, Steven, Dukes, Kaitlyn, Durrence, Jenna, Dutton, Robin, Estes, Susie, Falcone, Laura, Gaskin, Katherine, Goswami, Ketan, Hart, Mari, Jester, Donni, Kies, Staci, Leiker, Abigail, Lu, Peter, Mahakala, Aparna, Maher, Maxine, Miller, Alan, Miller, Todd, Munoz, Miguel, Musto, Michele, Odugbesan, Adeniyi, Olson, Darin, Osborn, Nicole, Pace, Kerri, Pajkovic, Gordana, Paulus, Carolyn, Phillips, Lawrence, Reddick, William, Reed, John, Rowe, Shasta, Sadler, Barney, Sapp, Tabby, Savoye, Louise, Shore, David, Shuman, Susan, Sittle, Jessica, Standard, Shana, Wardell, Karla, Workman, Amy, Carreira, Tabitha, Fitz-Patrick, David, Hean, Vutheary, Limcolioc, April, Nihei, Megan, Park, Youngmee, Pau, Cindy, Shannon, Lindsey, Trotter, Alanna, Williams, Sierra, Coughenour, Tiffany, Liljenquist, John, Vance, Carl, Williams, Jonathan, Agaiby, Eva, Agaiby, John, Argo, Kelly, Azad, Nasrin, Backus, Arnetta, Bartlett, Andrew, Bellucci-Jackson, Jennifer, Boncu, Otilia, Brodt, Pamela, Carlson, Hope, Collins, Kathleen, Delibasic, Maja, Dor, Isaac, Dukett, Mary, Emanuele, Nicholas, Gabel, Faith, Giardino, Alexandra, Hoelzer, David, Hsieh, Annming, Jayaramaiah, Poornima, Kearney, Tracy, Kelley, Kathleen, Kravarusic, Jelena, Lawless, Andrea, Maheshwari, Hiralal, Martin, Elonia, McCall, Linda, Mikell, Frank, Nallala, Deepika, Said, Sufyan, Sakla, Nadia, Schiferi, Joanna, Smith, Patricia, Stokes, John, Sugimoto, Danny, Sugimoto, Michael, Swan, Delores, Alfata, Sarab, Beavins, Jill, Bogardus, Christine, Bogardus, Donald, Calvert, Brittany, Calvin, Krystle, Carlton, Kristin, Condit, Jonathan, Cornett, George, Covert, Carissa, Dela Llana, Alexander, Dixon, Rosie, Felker, Dean, Fogle, Sara, Harris, Leslie, Hoebeke, Roberta E., Silva, Ricardo, Johnson, Tabitha, Johnston, Kelly, King, Jennifer, Lang, Amber, Maynard, Kenneth, McDaniel, Vickie, McGrath, Caitlin, Moretto, Thomas, Ndukwu, Ikeadi, O'Connor, Leo, O'Connor, Thomas, Oliver, Tonya, Overmars, Stephanie, Patel, Minesh, Patterson, Geraldine, Powell, Talessa, Raphael, Annmarie, Raphael, Rod, Reedy, Mark, Reyes, Hubert S., Ridge, Terry, Rutherford, Mary S., Sebastian, Mike, Shaeffer, Laura, Sheets, Michelle, Thomas, Karen, Trueblood, Nancy, Tucker, Tiffany, White, Adrian, Wooldridge, Evan, Wright, Alison, Zapinski, Dawn, Cieloha, Megan, Coker, Clarine, Fletcher, Cherisa, Kay, Jennifer, Larsen, Katelyn, Marar, Isam, Motz, Zachary, Paul, Jamie, Pokorski, Alan, Rabadi-Marar, Diana, Scheideler, Kylie, Sobczyk, Jill, Sweeney, Kolbie, Brink, Nathalie, Buth, Dennis, Grimes, Katlyn, Lakin, Gregory, Loewen, Barbara, Secrist, Neal, Simon, William, Steere, Diane, Talbot, Kimberly, Wheeler, Christina, Adams, Derick, Armour, Wilhelmina, Asher, Whitney, Bays, Harold, Behl, Noreen, Conn, Brittany, Dye, Lyndsey, Earl, Jennifer, Farris, Neil, Figueroa, Sergio, Fruit, Olivia, Hobbs, Coury, Howard, Kristen, Jackson, Tamara, Kain, Angela, Karounos, Chrisi, Keiran, Sarah, Kennedy, Ryan, King, Kara, Krishnasamy, Sathya, Lambdin, Winona, Micklewright, Gezina, Mokshagundam, Sri, Mooney, Stephen, Moore, Melanie, Morgan, Denise, Morley, Robert, Newsome, Stacy, Nichols, Jennifer, Nims, Diana, Nockerts, Nichole, Oremus, Ruth, Ritchey, Barbara Michelle, Shelton, Christina, Smith, Danielle, Walker, Debra, Weiter, Kathleen, Whitehead, Rebecca, Wood, Robert, Woodruff, Robin, Young, J. DeShay, Alper, Arnold, Berry, Martha, Gauthier, Nadine, Griffin, Catina, Haynes, Elvia, Lawrence, Jereta, McCormack, Teraina (Terry), Midyett, Catherine, Rangaraj, Uma, Smith, William, Stricker, Makenzie, Tandron, Ileana, Vargas, Ramon, Wagner, Michele, Albert, Marie, Baillargeon, Gail, Stephens, John, Aroda, Vanita, Dempsey, Michael, Junker, Herman, Lopez, Meyling, Shepard, Marc, Ciccarelli, Carol, Datu, Joycelyn, Gallagher-Dorval, Karen, Hartigan, Celia, Kowaloff, Edward, Lock, John-Paul, Rosano, Nina, Shaw, Bernadette, Thompson, Michael, Abbo, Camerin, Anton, Salwan, Baker, Lydia, Bhan, Arti, Blackmer, Karla, Boley, Bryon, Hyde, Desirae, Bonema, John, Carlin, Tamara, Curran, Nancy, Dandois, Bethani, Dermyer, Abigail, Dubeck, Janet, Elkins, Jennifer, Ferris, Pamela, Fraser, Neil, Kozma, Julia Gargan, Gasparovich, David, Grodman, Robert, Hampson, Jaison, Hewitt, Mitzie, Hiatt, Judy, Hopkins, Ashley, Howard, Jennifer, Joliat, John, Joliat, Jonathan, Kalt, Steven, Katzman, Steven, Kogelman, Jesse, Kruger, Davida, Kurkowski, April, Lambert, Jodi, Levcovici, Elisabeta, Lockwood, Karen, Lumberg, Michael, McMullen, Lindsay, Meyers, Peter, Minto, Carrie, Nelson, Tina, Neuner, Gregory, Nurmi, Kevin, Perkins, Judy, Plunkett, Cynthia, Ruoff, Gary, Samantray, Julie, Sawah, Ahmed, Secord, Samantha, Seyoum, Berhane, Sherman, Sarah, Simpson, Michael, Sinkoff, Mark, Skoney, Joseph, Small, Jami, Szerlong, Heidi, Tinetti, Timothy, Toomey, Adam, VanDerWerff, Holly, Whitehouse, Fred, Wilkins, Raechelle, Wolf, Stephanie, Yarows, Steven, Eldred, Edward, Hester, Kim, Huling, Randall, Moore, Kerry, Preslar, Kristina, Proge, Nakia, Smith, Lora, Young, Gerri, Bybee, Kevin, Carr, George, Case, Christopher, Forker, Alan, Goeke, Lindsay, Kocher, Darlene, Lin, Oscar, Littlefield, James, Mendoza, Robinson, Moore, Michelle, Oberhaus, Barbara, Reed, Larry, Rutherford, Cheryl, Windsor, Sheryl, Ackerman, Kim, Christensen, Reed, De Souza, Jose, Douglas, Kirsten, Hrncirik, Therese, Lefkowicz, Magen, McDonnell, Lindsey, Severa, Larry, Tjaden, Jeffrey, Ward, Laura, Addison, Shayla, Anderson, Robert, Baker, Claire, Baum, Robert, Belitz, Jenny, Boerner, Shannon, Desouza, Cyrus, Drincic, Andjela, Fitzgibbons, William, Francis, Jessica, Garvin, Maureen, Goldner, Whitney, Goodrich, Melissa, Grubbs, Lisa, Hatcher, Theresa, Hochstein, Renee, Hunter, Christine, Keuchel, Janet, Konigsberg, Sarah, Kuechenmeister, Lisa, Mack, Lynn, McKnight, Thomas, Mensik, Hanna, Mitchell, Jan, Moeller, Jennifer, Montanez, Edward, Montoya, Paul, Nemecek, Tiffany, Neumeister, Amy, Newcomb, Jefferey, Pracht, Shelby, Radke, Kaitlin, Rahman, Jennifer, Renter, Samantha, Reynolds, Jill, Grace Rodriguez, Maria, Satorie, Jessica, Schiermann, Lynnda, Severson, Megan, Shivaswamy, Vijay, Snyder, Janice, Tillson, Renee, Vasey, Andrew, Wahl, Timothy, Weeks, William, Wolf, Thomas, Springer, Brian, Mitchell, Janice, Woodruff, Mark, Alvarez, Isis, Bowers, Rachel, Cala-Anaya, Franklin, Castellanos-Rodriguez, Rudiber, Christopher, Janice, Concepcion, Gelvis, Fernandez, Dareana, Ghanem, Paula, Harmon, Nicolette, Kaiser, Heather, Kaplan, Westbrook, Klugh, Serena, Le, Nicholas, Lehrner, Stephanie, Lopez, Robert, Martin, Olga, Martinez, Tina, Martini, Nicole, Molin, Clifford, Nakhle, Samer, Newsome, Yvonne, Neylon, Ellen, Olsen, Jarvis, Palal, Betsy, Philander, Peter, Rosario, Adriana Ruiz, Sanchez, Mary, Sierra-Garcia, Miguel, Smith, Myesha, Trenche, Samuel, Trippi, Danna, Vernetti, Nicholas, Villegas, Laura, White, Briana, Wilcox, Simmon, Carmolli-Cornette, Lisa, Chuang, Ellie, Hoffman, Sheila, Laliberte, Alison, Marshall, Lisa, Meroski, Pamela, O'Neil, Christine, Shippey, Jeanette, Spector, Linda, Cam, Jenny, Chen, Tina, Damle, Jagadish, Holman, Rebecca, Liu, Jenny, Milazzo, Carmelo, Quach, Brenda, Yang, Bin, Ahmad, Basharat, Aro, Dominic, Azeem, Fouzal, Bonaccorso, Antoinette, Brancato, Lenore, Brautigam, Donald, Charatz, Seth, Chiarot, June, Cunningham, Linda, DiCerbo, Nancy, DiGiovanna, Michael, Dluge-Aungst, Dawn, Dolbeer, Traci, Donovan, Daniel, Duma, Carol, Ellwood, Rebecca, Freedman, Zachary, Gorman, Timothy, Gunther, David, Hogan, Eileen, Hoffman, Lisa, Kapoor, Anoop, Kelly, Michelle, Kitchen, Timothy, Lam, David, Levister, Camilla, Levy, Carol, Lopez, Carlos, Lyons-Patterson, Jane, Makam, Sashi, Mauceri, Diana, McClary, Carole, Murak, Daniel, Nolan, Kelly, Nunez, Carlos, Elliott, Theresa Ohlson, Ostrowski, Phillip, Pallai, Ajish, Porges, Andrew, Rodes, Alfredo, Rosenberg, Richard, Rubel, Lance, Serrano, Lelanie, Shannon, Daniel, Sinha, Rabi, Snyder, Brian, Sy, Claude, Tang, Rocky, Varavenkataraman, Raghupathy, Winterberger, Amy, Allen, Stacy, Anderson, Marshall, Asbill, Mark, Beasley, Amanda, Bennett, Chrisitian, Bergamo, Katherine, Bilbro, Scott, Brannock, Sarah, Brown, Laura, Bryant, Danielle, Buck, Genena, Burdette, Tara, Buse, John, Butler, Laura, Caldwell, Ronald, Cannon, Daniel, Cannon, Kevin, Carter, Casey, Cherry, Amanda, Comer, Zoe, Crittenden, Susan, Cuffee, Juanita, Culmer, Dawn, Daly-Barnes, Kristie, Evensen, Erick, Saavedra, Rubin, Dean, John, Dezube, Milana, Diner, Jaime, Dodis, Regina, Dostou, Jean, Duclos, Michelle, Elmore, Miles, Ferree, Kristin, Foster, Leslie, Fuller, Gail, Garner, Susan, Godwin, Sarah, Goley, April, Gore, Whitney, Green, Brenda, Harris, Elizabeth, Harris, Joy, Harris, Rebecca, Hatharasinghe, Roger, Herring, Charles, Hill, Chernessa, Holmes, Robert, Hutchens, Erin, Jennings, Stuart, Kaake, Ashley, Kaygun, Handan, Kirkman, Marian Sue, Kretzschmar, Heather, Lang, Jaqueline, Largay, Joseph, Lewis, Melissa, Long, Maria Ann, Lucas, Kathryn, McCall, Roshanda, McDaniel, Catrina, McGinnis, Lee Ann, Mogabgab, Edward, Montero, Manuel, Montgomery, Richard, Moran, Joseph, Morgan, Katie, Motley, Taylor, Narendran, Mahendra, Narron, Brooke, Newman, Walter, Nicholson, John, Norris, Stephanie, Norton, Jennifer, Nowell, Erin, O'Brien, Heather, Otero, Heydin, Perkins, Victoria, Quesada, Reyna, Raad, George, Raley, Rosalie, Raman, Sujatha, Rappaport, Jonathan, Ray, Robert, Ray, Shannon, Rice, Lucian, Roberts, Christine, Ross, Kaylee, Scanlon, Erica, Schroder, Derek, Schulte, Michelle, Schultzaberger, Richard, Shoffner, Sylvia, Skrzynski, Michael, Smith, Brian, Smith, Holly, Smith, Jennifer, Smith, Justin, Smith, Kendall, Smith, Leigh, Sparks, Jeffrey, Speece, Jessica, Spivey, Jessica, Stebich, Andrew, Temple, Karen, Tessena, Boryana, Thompson, Casey, Traylor, Henry, Turner, Juliana, Turner, Sh-Rhonda, Van Cleeff, Martin, Vukojicic, Katarina, Wanchick, Leslie, Weinrib, Stephen, Werner, Devorah, Wishon, Candace, Wilson, Jonathan, Wilson, Stephanie, Wright, Heather, Young, Laura, Brown, Jamie, Lillestol, Michael, Allen, Mary Jo, Barker, Bruce, Bedel, Gary, Beuerlein, Shawn, Bhati, Amar, Breslaw, Nicole, Brown, April, Burtch, Brian, Check, Ellen, Chiodi, Shawnie, Colosimo, Linda, Cope, Kathie, Coressel, Denise, Cramer, Bethany, Crowel, Amy, Daboul, Nizar, DeLong, Rebecca, Dirkes, William, Farooki, Zia, Fixler, Don, Friedhof, Linda, Griffen, Julie, Hagan, Anjani, Haney, Kevin, Harris, Kira, Hoffmann, Amanda, Hsieh, Ronald, Ismail-Beigi, Faramarz, Kelso, Kim, Khamousia, Nidaa, Kremer, Gerald, Krol, Adrienne, Kulow, Tanya, Kuttler, Mary, Lee, Andy, Leksan, Jane, McElroy-Marcus, Susan, McNeil, Donald, Mulligan, Guy, Pantalone, Kevin, Perrino, Frank, Peysha, Lori, Pickett, Alicia, Pritchard, James, Provanzana, Kathleen, Rancitelli, Philip, Raupp, Randa, Schnall, Adrian, Siddiqui, Jaweriah, Smith, Cynthia, Sood, Ajay, Sortor, Jennifer, Spinelli, Kristin, Taylor, Diana, Thornton, Aaron, Tiktin, Margaret, Twine, Melissa, Urbank, Ann, Voegele, Francis, Wang, Lawrence, Weiss, Daniel, Werner, Amanda, Williams, Daniel, Wilson, Charles, Aberle, Teresa, Arcon-Rios, Sirlys, Arodak, Bassam, Aziz, Ammara, Bixler, Lacey, Brisko, Carolann, Cannon, Melanie, Choe, James, Connery, Lisa, Elkosseifi, Myriam, George, Aja, Hummer, Kimberly, LaBryer, Lauren, Lane, James, Lim, Jonea, Mirza, Lubna, Mittadodla, Saritha, Priest, Diane, Rao, Veitla, Ricci, Cassie, Salazar, Jennifer, Shaw, Jessica, St John, Jennifer, Talsania, Mitali, Joarder, Farahnaz, Riddle, Matthew, Yuen, Kevin, Ahmed, Intekhab, Austin, Barry, Bagnata, Linda, Bartkowiak, Anthony, Batrus, Jennifer, Baumgarten, Thomas, Belejchak, Paula, Belucher, Christine, Benton, Julia, Berger, Peter, Biscoveanu, Mihaela, Blasick, Abbie, Blyler, Kay, Casey, Linda, Chandler, Bronell, Chapman, Kim, Chou, Brian, Cisar, Jennifer, Clatterbuck, Tabetha, Cook, Richard, Cook II, Richard, Dardi, Inderpreet, DeSalle, Dina, Edevane, Shari, Elliott, Kelsey, Everhart, Brian, Furlong, Kevin J., Geishauser, Jennifer, Goisse, Marcy, Goodman, Yvonne, Gordon, Murray, Gutowski, Catherine, Harris, Ronald, Hu, Ying, Hull, Jenny, Iachini, Kathleen, Iannamorelli, Anthony, Jabbour, Serge, Jackson, Timothy, Jameson, Brian, Janosov, Paula, Jordan, Terry, Kennedy, John, Kurtzer, Gayle, Labuda, Joseph, LaRochelle, Anne, Levinson, Lawrence, Madder, Robert, Marconnet, Kari, Mareda, Patricia, Michael, Donna, Michaels, Debra, Miller, Cathy, Miller, Jeffrey, Minnock, Ann, Mitchell, Michele, Moturi, Hemlata, Moyer, Heather, Nagelberg, Steven, Oliver, Michael, Pepe, Constance, Porter, Patricia, Posey, Dora, Purighalla, Raman, Redmond, Jessica, Reiling, Joseph, Reiling, Susan, Rine, Kathy, Rust, William, Sandutch, Jill, Shaffer, Anette, Shalongo, Annette, Shawley, Sarah, Shonk, Pamela, Singh, Vinay, Slucki, Andrea, Spiller, Kellie, Springer, Nina, Sprouse, Heidi, Sun, Albert, Taylor, Judith, Watine, Robert, Watkinson, Jean, Weaver, Nancy, Wenocur, Howard, Yeoman, Gary, Ackermann, Jeremy, Averill, Nathan, Ballard, Thomas, Byars, William, Carter, Caroline, Castay, Cathleen, Cheek, Shonda, Collins, Jessica, Collins-Jamison, Traci, Cooksey, Erin, Crockford, Nicole, Cutshall, Christopher, Dar, Moahad, Drake, Almond, Dugat, Kameron, Durham, John, Durham, Nancy, Eagerton, Donald, Edmonds, Nataish, Farmer III, Joseph, Fogarty, Charles, Gatlin, June, Geisberg, Harry, Grossman, Margaret, Harrell, Wendy, Harrison, John, Harrison, Kristina, Heincelman, Sarah, Holladay, Lauren, Huberty, Chad, Isakov, Ingrid, Jordan, Norma, Kunkel, Michael, Laserna, Susan, Lawrence, Amanda, Lawrence, Andrew, Livingston, Yolanda, Lloyd, Eric, Lopez, Lina, Manuel, Joyce, Mayfield, Ronald, McDonald, Margaret, Morgan, Caroleann, Munn, Joanie, Murphy, Lauren, Nicol, Brent, Nicol, Philip, Norris, Rebecca, Phillips, Bunny, Reeves, Angela, Roach, Jacqueline, Ross, Irene, Santi, Jeffrey, Saunders, Jacqueline, Shugart, Henry, Singleton, Monnieque, Slee, Erin, Smalley, Kathleen, Smith, Kristy, Sofley, Carl, Solheim, Vesna, Spell, Samantha, Tanenberg, Robert, Whitley, Chester, Widel, Michele, Wilhoit, Gordon, Wood, Ruth, Wright, Jaime, Wulf, Alissa, Zapkowski, Julie, Adams, Kristi, Adams, Roberta, Ananthula, Parvati, Bass, Caitlin, Bates, Chad, Baum, Howard, Bays, Anna, Beck, Teresa, Bilbrey, Brett, Brown, Ashley, Carlton, Anna, Carter, Jenny, Cheri, Laura, Childress, Richard, Cloud, Mark, Cohen, A. Jay, Coulter, Alice, Dotson, Kimberly, Green, Christopher, Helton, Ashley, Houstrup, Jody, Huffman, David, Hurst, Fred, Hurst, James, Jantzi, Curtis, Jerkins, Randy, Jerkins, Terri, Jones, Mandy, Kelley, Shane, Kroulek, Judy, Lawhun, Dennis, Lee, Marcus, Louthan, James, Manning, Rickey, May, Michael, Means, Katherine, Monroe, Jeanabe, Morawski, Emily, Morin, David, Morris, Barbara, Murray, John, Nichols, Robert, Olivi, Stacie, Pennington, Kristina, Poe, Jenny, Pour, Omid Rad, Reeves, Michael, Reeves, Pamela, Root, Connie, Rose, Karen, Rutledge, Lily, Ryan, Eugene, Schwartz, Patricia, Shafer, Jennifer, Singh, Chitra, Smith, Ashley, Snow, Rodney, Stamps, Henry, Staton, Peggy, Stevens, Jeffrey, Stovall, Cathy, Sturgeon, Rodney, Tapp, John, Tapp, Stacy, Warner, Carla, Weiss, Melissa, White, Judith, Wierum, Craig, Williams, Konya, Wright, Tiffanie, Abreu, Marconi, Agarwal, Vandana, Ahmad, Aftab, Ahmad, Asma, Ahmed, Faiz, Ahn, Lily, Alaoui, Rachid, Alarcon, Stephanie, Allison, Dale, Annamalai, Rajasekaran, Arain, Khadija, Arellano, Angelica, Arispe, Barbara, Aronoff, Stephen, Arroyo, Jesus, Bachand, Trista, Bailey, Becky, Bajaj, Chris, Banarer, Salomon, Barnella, Christine, Bartz, Mary, Bates, Jason, Becerra, Karen, Benavides, Melissa, Bhuchar, Subodh, Blevins, Thomas, Bonazzi, Amanda, Brinson, Cynthia, Brown, Timiki, Buckley, Brandee, Bunker, Christy, Burbano, Jose, Busch, Vickey, Bustamante, Rosibel, Calais, Natalee, Camacho, Allison, Camp, Shana, Canada, Nancy, Canchola, Daniel, Cano, Monica, Cardenas, Veronica, Carl, Leighton, Casaubon, Luis, Castaneda, Jessica, Castro, Cindy, Ceniceros, Diego, Chaicha-Brom, Tira, Chaudhuri, Sudipta, Chavez-Velazquez, Alberto, Chen, Jocelyn, Cheyne, Theresa, Chilka, Sapna, Chionh, Kristen, Chunawala, Imran, Cope, Pamela, Cotton, Sonja, Daudjee, Munib, Davidson, Tichina, De Loa, Geraldine, Deniega, Ann, Dillow, Naco, Dominguez, Michael, Dorfman, Steven, Doshi, Ankur, Dunnam, Theresa, Dutta, Papiya, Eiler-Prater, Megann, Eizensmits, Christina, Espinosa, Valerie, Evans, Charles, Frisinger, Cathy, Ganta, Shylesh, Galtney, Kirsten, Gammon, John, Garcia, Analisa Marie, Garcia, Ronald, Glaspie, Tina, Golici, Laura, Gonzalez, Julian, Grant, David, Green, Carrie, Groce, Lindsay, Guevara, Stephanie, Gutierrez, Mary, Hance, Cortney, Harden, Tiffany, Harrison, Lindsay, Herrera, Carlos, Hettler, Evelyn, Holcomb, Michelle, Hoste, Laura, Hudson, Tina, Huerta, Leticia, Jain, Mahendra, Jayaram, Preeth, Johnson, Monique, Johnson, Olivia, Jones, Laurie, Joseph, John, Juarez, Misty, Karimjee, Najmuddin, Kephart, Ashley, Khan, Armgan, Khan, Jalil, Killian, Michael, Kniffen, Wendy, Koops, Maureen, Kwan, Louise, La, John, Laabs, Jessica, Ledesma, Gilbert, Lee, Monica, Leuck, Kathryn, Livingston, Carrie, Llanas, Teresa, Longoria, Andy, Lorta, Jesse, Lothringer, Larry, MacAdams, Maria, MacAdams, Michael, MacGillivray, Brian, Mageno, Melissa, Malek, Megan, Manley, Meghan, Marler, Karen, Martinez, Cristina, Massie, Jodi, Mateos, Glenda, Mathew, Reena, Maya, Claudia, Mazour, Meg, Mbogua, Caroline, McClendon, Robert, McMullen, Deirdre, Meisner, Carl, Menchaca, Ethelina, Meyers, Linda, Miklius, Audrey, Milam, Alissa, Milam, Ronnie, Miller, Tracey, Mize, Lisa, Moczygemba, Roger, Nafegar, Alexandria, Naidu, Jayaram, Nair, Archana, Nguyen, Alison, Nielsen, Douglas, Nisnisan, Josier, Nisnisan, Maria, Oden, Wendy, Orsak, Jessica, Ozer, Kerem, Papacostea, Olivia, Panchal, Ravi, Parikh, Manish, Parthiban, Beneta, Perrin, Brittney, Perkins, Harvonya, Poduri, Madhuri, Pop, Laurentiu, Portales, Nancy, Porter-Tucci, Linda, Postell, Sharon, Pucillo, Ronald, Reddy, Madhavi, Reddy, Rajneesh, Almodovar, Ramon Gilberto Reyes, Richard, Timiki, Richardson, Michele, Riesch, Louie, Rivera-Flores, Samuel, Rizvi, Abid, Rizvi, Samana, Rodas, Kristen, Rodgers, Mark, Roe, Erin, Rogers, Rebecca, Romero, Reina, Rooker-Morris, Leslie, Rosenstock, Julio, Sachson, Richard, Salcedo, Alfredo, Schill, Joseph, Schuh, Kristy, Schuster, Randall, Scribner, Anita, Shah, Arunkumar, Shaw, Stephanie, Shirley, Jefferey, Shook, Mindy, Siddiqui, Muhammad, Sims, Jamie, Singh, Kamalpreet, Skero, Jennifer, Smejdir, Debra, Stacey, Amy, Strzinek, Robert, Tan, Anjanette, Tayabali, Khadija, Tercero, Almundena, Terry, Jessica, Tinney, Irene, Toe, Florence, Toler, Sara, Tripathy, Devjit, Tumyan, Anna, Ulrich, Michelle, Underwood, Krissandra, Valdez, Christina, Valdivieso, April, Vanderheiden, Anna, Vandre, Morgan, Vardeman, Megan, Vargas, Richard, Vilchis, Monica, Warne, Desiree, Wallace, Jeannine, Weindorff, Kathleen, Welch, Heather, Wellmon, Brandy, Werntz, Gary, White, Leta, Williams, Tearani, Wilson, Maria, Wilson, Robyn, Wilson, Ronald, Wood, John, Wright, David, Yeatts, Rhonda, Zahir, Rezwana, Crockett, Becky, Fawson, Ashlee, Graham, Timothy, Mitchell, Zachary, Quinn, Sally, Reddy, Deepika, Rhudy, Jackson, Rosen, Priscilla, Shakespear, Kaylynn, Simmons, Debra, Turner, Ashley, Vanderhoof, Erin, Wahl, Matthew, Zubair, Imran, Algus, Michael, Gilbert, Matthew, Gorson, David, Marney, Annis, Rodriguez, Juan Pablo Perdomo, Roth, Marilynn, Scofield, Sheilah, Thottan, Anna, Bittorf, Margaret, Botros, Emad, Carpenter, Jeanette, Dashiell, Carie, Dimascio-Johnson, Nancy, Fredrickson, Sonja, Gruenther, M., Hall, Lisa, Hartman, Aaron, Hiner, Janette, Kelley, Donna, Kimmel, Melissa, Larrick, Laura, Lawson, Marie, Levy, James, Lewis, Teneshia, Lovell, Charles, Newby, James, Nichols, Michelle, O'Donnell, Philip, Orengo, Sheyla, Pecsok, Thomas, Reiss, Lind, Tarkington, Phillip, Yeatts, Donald, Zieve, Franklin, Ahmed, Imtiaz, Ali, Sajid, Anwar, Sami, Cathcart, Harold, Dawson, Lucia, Floresca, Rolando, Galvan, Ashley, Gardner, Timothy, Halsey, Kami, Hashmi, Farrukh, Hegel, Jackie, Landon, Megan, Moulton, Katlynn, Nand, Cheta, Sakic, Amra, Sevey, Brandie, Wilson, Bruce, Ahl, Scott, Blank, Robert, Coly, Gerard, Hoenig, Jennifer, Jain, Rajeev, Joseph, Elizabeth, Kasprzak, Debra, Kisiel, Lalaine, Maaske, Maurene, Manadhar, Smriti, Patel, Shailendra, Sickler, Whitney, Grp, D.E.V.O.T.E. Study, Acibadem University Dspace, Marso S.P., Mcguire D.K., Zinman B., Poulter N.R., Emerson S.S., Pieber T.R., Pratley R.E., Haahr P.-M., Lange M., Brown-Frandsen K., Moses A., Skibsted S., Kvist K., Buse J.B., and Buscemi S

Subjects
Insulin degludec, Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_treatment, DEVOTE Study Group, Insulin Glargine, Type 2 diabetes, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, diabetes, insulin, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Cardiovascular Disease, GLUCOSE CONTROL, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, RISK, COMPLICATIONS, OUTCOMES, Incidence, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Insulin, Long-Acting, VARIABILITY, Cardiovascular Diseases, diabetes mellitus, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Hypoglycemia, Hypoglycemic Agents, Medicine (all), Bedtime, Article, EVENTS, 03 medical and health sciences, HYPOGLYCEMIA, Medicine, General & Internal, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, General & Internal Medicine, medicine, Intensive care medicine, METAANALYSIS, Science & Technology, Hypoglycemic Agent, Insulin glargine, business.industry, Insulin, medicine.disease, business, BASAL INSULIN
Abstract

BACKGROUND Degludec is an ultralong-Acting, once-daily basal insulin that is approved for use in adults, adolescents, and children with diabetes. Previous open-label studies have shown lower day-To-day variability in the glucose-lowering effect and lower rates of hypoglycemia among patients who received degludec than among those who received basal insulin glargine. However, data are lacking on the cardiovascular safety of degludec. METHODS We randomly assigned 7637 patients with type 2 diabetes to receive either insulin degludec (3818 patients) or insulin glargine U100 (3819 patients) once daily between dinner and bedtime in a double-blind, treat-To-Target, event-driven cardiovascular outcomes trial. The primary composite outcome in the time-To-event analysis was the first occurrence of an adjudicated major cardiovascular event (death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke) with a prespecified noninferiority margin of 1.3. Adjudicated severe hypoglycemia, as defined by the American Diabetes Association, was the prespecified, multiplicity-Adjusted secondary outcome. RESULTS Of the patients who underwent randomization, 6509 (85.2%) had established cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, or both. At baseline, the mean age was 65.0 years, the mean duration of diabetes was 16.4 years, and the mean (±SD) glycated hemoglobin level was 8.4±1.7%; 83.9% of the patients were receiving insulin. The primary outcome occurred in 325 patients (8.5%) in the degludec group and in 356 (9.3%) in the glargine group (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 1.06; P

Published
2017

114. Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Hypoglycemia in Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author

Pratley, Richard E., Kanapka, Lauren G., Rickels, Michael R., Ahmann, Andrew, Aleppo, Grazia, Beck, Roy, Bhargava, Anuj, Bode, Bruce W., Carlson, Anders, Chaytor, Naomi S., Fox, D. Steven, Goland, Robin, Hirsch, Irl B., Kruger, Davida, Kudva, Yogish C., Levy, Carol, McGill, Janet B., Peters, Anne, Philipson, Louis, and Philis-Tsimikas, Athena

Subjects
BLOOD sugar monitoring, HYPOGLYCEMIA, TYPE 2 diabetes, DISEASES in older people, CLINICAL trials, PATIENT monitoring equipment, BLOOD sugar monitors, BLOOD sugar analysis, RESEARCH, HYPERGLYCEMIA, RESEARCH methodology, TYPE 1 diabetes, HYPOGLYCEMIC agents, EVALUATION research, MEDICAL cooperation, COMPARATIVE studies, RANDOMIZED controlled trials
Abstract

Importance: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides real-time assessment of glucose levels and may be beneficial in reducing hypoglycemia in older adults with type 1 diabetes.Objective: To determine whether CGM is effective in reducing hypoglycemia compared with standard blood glucose monitoring (BGM) in older adults with type 1 diabetes.Design, Setting, and Participants: Randomized clinical trial conducted at 22 endocrinology practices in the United States among 203 adults at least 60 years of age with type 1 diabetes.Interventions: Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to use CGM (n = 103) or standard BGM (n = 100).Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was CGM-measured percentage of time that sensor glucose values were less than 70 mg/dL during 6 months of follow-up. There were 31 prespecified secondary outcomes, including additional CGM metrics for hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and glucose control; hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c); and cognition and patient-reported outcomes, with adjustment for multiple comparisons to control for false-discovery rate.Results: Of the 203 participants (median age, 68 [interquartile range {IQR}, 65-71] years; median type 1 diabetes duration, 36 [IQR, 25-48] years; 52% female; 53% insulin pump use; mean HbA1c, 7.5% [SD, 0.9%]), 83% used CGM at least 6 days per week during month 6. Median time with glucose levels less than 70 mg/dL was 5.1% (73 minutes per day) at baseline and 2.7% (39 minutes per day) during follow-up in the CGM group vs 4.7% (68 minutes per day) and 4.9% (70 minutes per day), respectively, in the standard BGM group (adjusted treatment difference, -1.9% (-27 minutes per day); 95% CI, -2.8% to -1.1% [-40 to -16 minutes per day]; P <.001). Of the 31 prespecified secondary end points, there were statistically significant differences for all 9 CGM metrics, 6 of 7 HbA1c outcomes, and none of the 15 cognitive and patient-reported outcomes. Mean HbA1c decreased in the CGM group compared with the standard BGM group (adjusted group difference, -0.3%; 95% CI, -0.4% to -0.1%; P <.001). The most commonly reported adverse events using CGM and standard BGM, respectively, were severe hypoglycemia (1 and 10), fractures (5 and 1), falls (4 and 3), and emergency department visits (6 and 8).Conclusions and Relevance: Among adults aged 60 years or older with type 1 diabetes, continuous glucose monitoring compared with standard blood glucose monitoring resulted in a small but statistically significant improvement in hypoglycemia over 6 months. Further research is needed to understand the long-term clinical benefit.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03240432. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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115. Risk of hypoglycaemia with insulin degludec versus insulin glargine U300 in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: the randomised, head-to-head CONCLUDE trial.

Author

Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, Klonoff, David C., Khunti, Kamlesh, Bajaj, Harpreet S., Leiter, Lawrence A., Hansen, Melissa V., Troelsen, Lone N., Ladelund, Steen, Heller, Simon, and Pieber, Thomas R.

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis: A head-to-head randomised trial was conducted to evaluate hypoglycaemia safety with insulin degludec 200 U/ml (degludec U200) and insulin glargine 300 U/ml (glargine U300) in individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin. Methods: This randomised (1:1), open-label, treat-to-target, multinational trial included individuals with type 2 diabetes, aged ≥18 years with HbA1c ≤80 mmol/mol (9.5%) and BMI ≤45 kg/m2. Participants were previously treated with basal insulin with or without oral glucose-lowering drugs (excluding insulin secretagogues) and had to fulfil at least one predefined criterion for hypoglycaemia risk. Both degludec U200 and glargine U300 were similarly titrated to a fasting blood glucose target of 4.0–5.0 mmol/l. Endpoints were assessed during a 36 week maintenance period and a total treatment period up to 88 weeks. There were three hypoglycaemia endpoints: (1) overall symptomatic hypoglycaemia (either severe, an event requiring third-party assistance, or confirmed by blood glucose [<3.1 mmol/l] with symptoms); (2) nocturnal symptomatic hypoglycaemia (severe or confirmed by blood glucose with symptoms, between 00:01 and 05:59 h); and (3) severe hypoglycaemia. The primary endpoint was the number of overall symptomatic hypoglycaemic events in the maintenance period. Secondary hypoglycaemia endpoints included the number of nocturnal symptomatic events and number of severe hypoglycaemic events during the maintenance period. Results: Of the 1609 randomised participants, 733 of 805 (91.1%) in the degludec U200 arm and 734 of 804 (91.3%) in the glargine U300 arm completed the trial (87.3% and 87.8% completed on treatment, respectively). Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two treatment arms. For the primary endpoint, the rate of overall symptomatic hypoglycaemia was not significantly lower with degludec U200 vs glargine U300 (rate ratio [RR] 0.88 [95% CI 0.73, 1.06]). As there was no significant difference between treatments for the primary endpoint, the confirmatory testing procedure for superiority was stopped. The pre-specified confirmatory secondary hypoglycaemia endpoints were analysed using pre-specified statistical models but were now considered exploratory. These endpoints showed a lower rate of nocturnal symptomatic hypoglycaemia (RR 0.63 [95% CI 0.48, 0.84]) and severe hypoglycaemia (RR 0.20 [95% CI 0.07, 0.57]) with degludec U200 vs glargine U300. Conclusions/interpretation: There was no significant difference in the rate of overall symptomatic hypoglycaemia with degludec U200 vs glargine U300 in the maintenance period. The rates of nocturnal symptomatic and severe hypoglycaemia were nominally significantly lower with degludec U200 during the maintenance period compared with glargine U300. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03078478 Funding: This trial was funded by Novo Nordisk (Bagsvaerd, Denmark) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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116. Day-to-day fasting self-monitored blood glucose variability is associated with risk of hypoglycaemia in insulin-treated patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A post hoc analysis of the SWITCH Trials

Author

DeVries, J. Hans, primary, Bailey, Timothy S., additional, Bhargava, Anuj, additional, Gerety, Gregg, additional, Gumprecht, Janusz, additional, Heller, Simon, additional, Lane, Wendy, additional, Wysham, Carol H., additional, Zinman, Bernard, additional, Bak, Britta A., additional, Hachmann-Nielsen, Elise, additional, and Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, additional

Published
2018
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121. Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) for Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide (IDegLira) vs. Insulin Glargine (IGlar U100) as Add-On to Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitor (SGLT2i) ± Oral Antidiabetic Drug (OAD) Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)—DUAL IX Trial

Author

BROD, MERYL, primary, BILLINGS, LIANA K., additional, BUSCH, ROBERT S., additional, HARRIS, STEWART, additional, PORTILLO, CRISTOBAL MORALES, additional, SAHAY, RAKESH, additional, BUSK, ANNE, additional, EGGERT, SARAH, additional, HALLADIN, NATALIE, additional, and PHILIS-TSIMIKAS, ATHENA, additional

Published
2018
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123. Superior Efficacy of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide (IDegLira) vs. Insulin Glargine (IGlar U100) as Add-On to Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor (SGLT2i) ± Oral Antidiabetic Drug (OAD) Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)—DUAL IX Trial

Author

PHILIS-TSIMIKAS, ATHENA, primary, BILLINGS, LIANA, additional, BUSCH, ROBERT S., additional, PORTILLO, CRISTOBAL MORALES, additional, SAHAY, RAKESH, additional, HALLADIN, NATALIE, additional, JUHL, RUTA GRONSKYTE, additional, and HARRIS, STEWART, additional

Published
2018
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125. A Fixed Ratio Combination of Insulin Degludec and Liraglutide (IDegLira) Reduces Glycemic Fluctuation and Brings More Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Within Blood Glucose Target Ranges

Author

King, Allen B, Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, Kilpatrick, Eric S, Langbakke, Irene H, Begtrup, Kamilla, Vilsbøll, Tina, King, Allen B, Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, Kilpatrick, Eric S, Langbakke, Irene H, Begtrup, Kamilla, and Vilsbøll, Tina

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Reducing glycemic fluctuation is important for optimal diabetes management. This post hoc analysis examined glycemic fluctuations and the proportion of subjects achieving recommended blood glucose targets with the fixed ratio combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide (IDegLira) compared to insulin degludec (IDeg) and liraglutide alone.METHODS: We analyzed nine-point self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) profiles from two randomized trials involving IDegLira in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data from a subset of patients in one of these trials to assess glycemic fluctuation and day-to-day variability.RESULTS: Compared with IDeg, IDegLira resulted in a greater proportion of subjects with SMBG values within target ranges (3.9-9.0 mmol/L) than IDeg for all pre- and postprandial values, and for the full nine-point profile (P < 0.05 for all). IDegLira also resulted in a greater reduction in the range of SMBG values over 24 h than IDeg (P ≤ 0.0001). CGM data showed that IDegLira provided greater reductions in interstitial glucose (IG) fluctuation (P = 0.0018) and postprandial IG increment (P = 0.0288) compared with IDeg. Compared with liraglutide, IDegLira brought a higher proportion of subjects within SMBG target ranges (all pre- and all postprandial values, and the full nine-point profile, P < 0.01 for all) and resulted in a greater reduction of time outside the IG target range (P = 0.0072). IDegLira also reduced mean IG more than liraglutide (P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with IDegLira allows more patients with T2D to maintain blood glucose within target ranges throughout the day than either IDeg or liraglutide alone.

Published
2017

127. Within-day Variability Based on 9-point Profiles Associates with Overall and Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Risk in Adults with Type 1 (T1D) or Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)

Author

Bailey, Timothy, primary, Bhargava, Anuj, additional, Devries, J. Hans, additional, Gerety, Gregg, additional, Gumprecht, Janusz, additional, Lane, Wendy, additional, Wysham, Carol, additional, Bak, Britta A., additional, Hansen, Charlotte T., additional, Chandarana, Keval, additional, and Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, additional

Published
2017
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128. Day-to-day Variability of Fasting Self-Measured Blood Glucose (SMBG) Associates with Hypoglycemia Risk in Adults with Type 1 (T1D) or Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)

Author

Bailey, Timothy S., primary, Bhargava, Anuj, additional, Devries, J. Hans, additional, Gerety, Gregg, additional, Gumprecht, Janusz, additional, Lane, Wendy, additional, Wysham, Carol, additional, Bak, Britta A., additional, Hachmann-Nielsen, Elise, additional, Chandarana, Keval, additional, and Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, additional

Published
2017
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130. Dulce Digital: An mHealth SMS-Based Intervention Improves Glycemic Control in Hispanics With Type 2 Diabetes

Author

Fortmann, Addie L., primary, Gallo, Linda C., additional, Garcia, Maria Isabel, additional, Taleb, Mariam, additional, Euyoque, Johanna A., additional, Clark, Taylor, additional, Skidmore, Jessica, additional, Ruiz, Monica, additional, Dharkar-Surber, Sapna, additional, Schultz, James, additional, and Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, additional

Published
2017
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132. Fast-Acting Insulin Aspart Improves Glycemic Control in Basal-Bolus Treatment for Type 1 Diabetes: Results of a 26-Week Multicenter, Active-Controlled, Treat-to-Target, Randomized, Parallel-Group Trial (onset 1)

Author

Russell-Jones, David, primary, Bode, Bruce W., additional, De Block, Christophe, additional, Franek, Edward, additional, Heller, Simon R., additional, Mathieu, Chantal, additional, Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, additional, Rose, Ludger, additional, Woo, Vincent C., additional, Østerskov, Anne Birk, additional, Graungaard, Tina, additional, and Bergenstal, Richard M., additional

Published
2017
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133. L’insuline Faster Aspart vs insuline asparte en prandiale en double aveugle améliore le contrôle glycémique chez le DT1 : étude onset ® 1

Author

Benhamou, Pierre-Yves, primary, Russell-Jones, David, additional, Bode, Bruce W., additional, De Block, Christophe, additional, Edward Franek, E., additional, Simon Heller, S., additional, Chantal Mathieu, C., additional, Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, additional, Rose, L., additional, Woo, V., additional, Østerskov, Anne Birk, additional, Graungaard, Tina, additional, Bergenstal, Richard, additional, and Kessouri, Meriem, additional

Published
2017
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135. Day‐to‐day fasting self‐monitored blood glucose variability is associated with risk of hypoglycaemia in insulin‐treated patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A post hoc analysis of the SWITCH Trials.

Author

DeVries, J. Hans, Bailey, Timothy S., Bhargava, Anuj, Gerety, Gregg, Gumprecht, Janusz, Heller, Simon, Lane, Wendy, Wysham, Carol H., Zinman, Bernard, Bak, Britta A., Hachmann‐Nielsen, Elise, and Philis‐Tsimikas, Athena

Subjects
BLOOD sugar, HYPOGLYCEMIA, TREATMENT of diabetes, PEOPLE with diabetes, FASTING
Abstract

Aims: To investigate the association between day‐to‐day fasting self‐monitored blood glucose (SMBG) variability and risk of hypoglycaemia in type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and to compare day‐to‐day fasting SMBG variability between treatments with insulin degludec (degludec) and insulin glargine 100 units/mL (glargine U100). Materials and Methods: Data were retrieved from two double‐blind, randomized, treat‐to‐target, two‐period (32 weeks each) crossover trials of degludec vs glargine U100 in T1D (SWITCH 1, n = 501) and T2D (SWITCH 2, n = 720). Available fasting SMBGs were used to determine the standard deviation (SD) of day‐to‐day fasting SMBG variability for each patient and the treatment combination. The association between day‐to‐day fasting SMBG variability and overall symptomatic, nocturnal symptomatic and severe hypoglycaemia was analysed for the pooled population using linear regression, with fasting SMBG variability included as a three‐level factor defined by population tertiles. Finally, day‐to‐day fasting SMBG variability was compared between treatments. Results: Linear regression showed that day‐to‐day fasting SMBG variability was significantly associated with overall symptomatic, nocturnal symptomatic and severe hypoglycaemia risk in T1D and T2D (P < 0.05). Day‐to‐day fasting SMBG variability was significantly associated (P < 0.01) with all categories of hypoglycaemia risk, with the exception of severe hypoglycaemia in T2D when analysed within tertiles. Degludec was associated with 4% lower day‐to‐day fasting SMBG variability than glargine U100 in T1D (P = 0.0082) and with 10% lower day‐to‐day fasting SMBG variability in T2D (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Higher day‐to‐day fasting SMBG variability is associated with an increased risk of overall symptomatic, nocturnal symptomatic and severe hypoglycaemia. Degludec has significantly lower day‐to‐day fasting SMBG variability vs glargine U100. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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138. Double-Blind Mealtime Faster-Acting Insulin Aspart vs. Insulin Aspart in Basal-Bolus Improves Glycemic Control in T1D: The Onset® 1 Trial

Author

Russell-Jones, David, primary, Bode, Bruce W., additional, Block, Christophe De, additional, Franek, Edward, additional, Heller, Simon, additional, Mathieu, Chantal, additional, Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, additional, Rose, Ludger, additional, Woo, Vincent, additional, Birk Østerskov, Anne, additional, Graungaard, Tina, additional, Pakseresht, Arash, additional, and Bergenstal, Richard, additional

Published
2016
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141. Nurse Managed Program for Diabetes in Low Income Latino Populations (Project Dulce) Improves Care and Alters Culture Bound Beliefs

Author

PHILIS-TSIMIKAS, ATHENA, WALKER, CHRIS, TALAVERA, GREG, RIVARD, LISA, VINCENT, ROXANNA, and ESPINOZA, MICHELLE

Subjects
Hispanic Americans -- Care and treatment, Type 2 diabetes -- Care and treatment, Medical care -- Utilization, Health
Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (DM) is 3 times more prevalent in Latinos and complications are 2-3 times more common possibly due to inadequate medical and self-care as well as culture bound [...]

Published
2000

142. Nurse Management Improves Diabetes Care in a Managed Care Setting

Author

PHILIS-TSIMIKAS, ATHENA, HEATON, SHANON, SPRINGER, JANE, and DAILEY, GEORGE

Subjects
Diabetes -- Care and treatment, Medical care, Cost of -- Analysis, Medical care -- Utilization, Health
Abstract

Achieving optimal diabetes control can be difficult in a primary care managed care setting. Specially trained nurse (RN), certified diabetes educators (CDEs) can assist primary care providers (PCP) in case [...]

Published
2000

145. Introduction

Author

Rodbard, Helena W., Miller, Eden M., Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, and Anderson, John E.

Subjects
Blood glucose -- Analysis, Insulin -- Dosage and administration, Type 1 diabetes -- Care and treatment, Health
Abstract

The discovery and introduction of insulin in the management of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in 1922 was a major advance in medicine. The insulin administered to the [...]

Published
2016

146. Tolerability, safety and adherence to treatment with insulin detemir injection in the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Author

Philis-Tsimikas, Athena

Subjects
endocrine system diseases, Patient Preference and Adherence, nutritional and metabolic diseases
Abstract

Athena Philis-TsimikasScripps Whittier Diabetes Institute, La Jolla, CA, USAAbstract: The progressive nature of type 2 diabetes poses challenges in the clinic: treatment must be continually reviewed and adjusted in response to the patient’s changing pathophysiology. Ultimately, insulin replacement therapy will be necessary as the physiological insulin response is compromised. The modern basal insulin analog insulin detemir has been the subject of several clinical trials and observational studies in type 2 diabetes. Compared with NPH insulin, insulin detemir offers an improved balance between achieving current glycemic targets with acceptable tolerability. Insulin detemir also has a unique weight-sparing effect which is associated with body mass index, and this may be a particular advantage to obese patients with type 2 diabetes. This review summarizes data from key clinical studies of insulin detemir, and also provides insights from observational studies.Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin detemir, modern analog, basal insulin

Published
2008

150. Cost-Effectiveness of Diabetes Case Management for Low-Income Populations

Author

Gilmer, Todd P, Roze, Stéphane, Valentine, William J, Emy-Albrecht, Katrina, Ray, Joshua A, Cobden, David, Nicklasson, Lars, Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, and Palmer, Andrew J

Subjects
Adult, Male, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Cultural Diversity, Middle Aged, Models, Theoretical, California, Cohort Studies, Self Care, Costs and Effectiveness, Insurance, Health, Reimbursement, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Female, Case Management, Poverty, Aged, Program Evaluation
Abstract

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Project Dulce, a culturally specific diabetes case management and self-management training program, in four cohorts defined by insurance status.Clinical and cost data on 3,893 persons with diabetes participating in Project Dulce were used as inputs into a diabetes simulation model.The Center for Outcomes Research Diabetes Model, a published, peer-reviewed and validated simulation model of diabetes, was used to evaluate life expectancy, quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALY), cumulative incidence of complications and direct medical costs over patient lifetimes (40-year time horizon) from a third-party payer perspective. Cohort characteristics, treatment effects, and case management costs were derived using a difference in difference design comparing data from the Project Dulce program to a cohort of historical controls. Long-term costs were derived from published U.S. sources. Costs and clinical benefits were discounted at 3.0 percent per annum. Sensitivity analyses were performed.Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of $10,141, $24,584, $44,941, and $69,587 per QALY gained were estimated for Project Dulce participants versus control in the uninsured, County Medical Services, Medi-Cal, and commercial insurance cohorts, respectively.The Project Dulce diabetes case management program was associated with cost-effective improvements in quality-adjusted life expectancy and decreased incidence of diabetes-related complications over patient lifetimes. Diabetes case management may be particularly cost effective for low-income populations.

Published
2007

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