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Dawood Sayed,1 Timothy Ray Deer,2 Jonathan M Hagedorn,3 Asim Sayed,4 Ryan S D’Souza,3 Christopher M Lam,1 Nasir Khatri,5 Zohra Hussaini,1 Scott G Pritzlaff,6 Newaj Mohammad Abdullah,7 Vinicius Tieppo Francio,1 Steven Michael Falowski,8 Yussr M Ibrahim,9 Mark N Malinowski,10 Ryan R Budwany,2 Natalie Holmes Strand,11 Kamil M Sochacki,12 Anuj Shah,13 Tyler M Dunn,11 Morad Nasseri,14 David W Lee,15 Leonardo Kapural,16 Marshall David Bedder,17,18 Erika A Petersen,19 Kasra Amirdelfan,20 Michael E Schatman,21,22 Jay Samuel Grider23 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; 2Pain Services, Spine and Nerve Center of the Virginias, Charleston, WV, USA; 3Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 4Podiatry/Surgery, Susan B. Allen Memorial Hospital, El Dorado, KS, USA; 5Interventional Pain Medicine, Novant Spine Specialists, Charlotte, NC, USA; 6Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; 7Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; 8Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Associates of Lancaster, Lancaster, PA, USA; 9Pain Medicine, Northern Light Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, ME, USA; 10OhioHealth Neurological Physicians, OhioHealth, Columbus, OH, USA; 11Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA; 12Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; 13Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA; 14Interventional Pain Medicine / Neurology, Boomerang Healthcare, Walnut Creek, CA, USA; 15Pain Management Specialist, Fullerton Orthopedic, Fullerton, CA, USA; 16Carolinas Pain Institute, Winston Salem, NC, USA; 17Chief of Pain Medicine Service, Augusta VAMC, Augusta, GA, USA; 18Associate Professor and Director, Addiction Medicine Fellowship Program, Department Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; 19Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; 20Director of Clinical Research, Boomerang Healthcare, Walnut Creek, CA, USA; 21Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care & Pain Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; 22Department of Population Health – Division of Medical Ethics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; 23Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USACorrespondence: Dawood Sayed, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA, Tel +1 785-550-5800, Email dsayed@kumc.eduIntroduction: Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a leading cause of pain and disability globally with a lack of consensus on the appropriate treatment of those suffering from this condition. Recent advancements in both pharmacotherapy and interventional approaches have broadened the treatment options for PDN. There exists a need for a comprehensive guideline for the safe and effective treatment of patients suffering from PDN.Objective: The SWEET Guideline was developed to provide clinicians with the most comprehensive guideline for the safe and appropriate treatment of patients suffering from PDN.Methods: The American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) identified an educational need for a comprehensive clinical guideline to provide evidence-based recommendations for PDN. A multidisciplinary group of international experts developed the SWEET guideline. The world literature in English was searched using Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, BioMed Central, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Current Contents Connect, Meeting Abstracts, and Scopus to identify and compile the evidence for diabetic neuropathy pain treatments (per section as listed in the manuscript) for the treatment of pain. Manuscripts from 2000-present were included in the search process.Results: After a comprehensive review and analysis of the available evidence, the ASPN SWEET guideline was able to rate the literature and provide therapy grades for most available treatments for PDN utilizing the United States Preventive Services Task Force criteria.Conclusion: The ASPN SWEET Guideline represents the most comprehensive review of the available treatments for PDN and their appropriate and safe utilization.Keywords: diabetes, painful diabetic neuropathy, neuropathy, spinal cord stimulation, chronic pain, diabetic neuropathy

Navigation is a complex interaction between human, organizational, environmental, and technological factors on the ship's bridge. Today, ships bridges include a broad suite of equipment with both digital and analogue interfaces, covering a range of functions and purposes. Suboptimal usability in equipment and interface design as well as layout of the ships bridge has been reported by researchers for decades. This paper aims to contribute to our understanding of why there has been limited progression in usability in ship bridge design over the last decades, by investigating the stakeholders' different perspectives of their influence, interest and responsibility for usability in ship bridge design. The study is based on interviews with seafarers, shipowners, equipment manufacturers, shipyard, insurance companies, classification societies and a flag state. Usability in navigational equipment and systems on a ship's bridge is required by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) SOLAS Regulation V/15. We find that this goal-based requirement is challenging to follow up both in design, development, and survey work. To achieve usability in maritime equipment and bridge systems ideally requires the actively involvement of end-users throughout the design and development process. We find that the seafarers, the direct end-users, do not have a clear voice in the ship bridge and bridge equipment design and the associated purchasing processes. The other stakeholders appear to recognize the existing shortcomings, and some do show interest in improvements, but the responsibility for usability seem to be fragmented, and they see the potential solutions as being somebody else's problem. We conclude by suggesting both long-term and a short-term way forward for improving usability in ship bridge design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automotive airbag gas generants have been studied extensively to meet design and safety requirements. Additives have historically been used to increase their burning rates, but the effects of additive size have not been thoroughly investigated. The current study evaluated the effects of nano- and micro-sized metal oxides on the combustion of guanidine nitrate (GN) and basic copper nitrate (BCN) gas generant systems. Three metal oxide additives were chosen for this study: alumina (Al2O3), ceria (CeO2), and titania (TiO2). Nano- and micro-sized particles were incorporated into gas generants at a mass loading of 4%. Cylindrical pellets with and without additive particles were manufactured, and their homogeneity was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy analyses. Pellets were burned over a range of pressures from 6.9 MPa (1,000 psi) to 27.6 MPa (4,000 psi). Micro-ceria was the only additive observed to enhance the burning rate relative to the baseline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]