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Postprandial oxidative stress is characterized by an increased susceptibility of the organism towards oxidative damage after consumption of a meal rich in lipids and/or carbohydrates. Micronutrients modulate the immune system and exert a protective action by reducing low-density lipoproteins oxidation (ox-LDL) via induction of antioxidant enzymes.The clinical study was a randomized and cross-over trial, conducted through the CONSORT flowchart. We evaluated the gene expression of 103 genes related to oxidative stress (HOSp) and human inflammasome pathways (HIp), and ox-LDL level at fasting and after 40 g raw "Tonda Gentile delle Langhe" hazelnut consumption, in association with a McDonald's® Meal (McDM) in 22 healthy human volunteers.Ox-LDL levels significantly increased comparing no dietary treatment (NDT) vs. McDM, and decreased comparing McDM vs. McDM + H (p0.05). Percentage of significant genes expressed after each dietary treatment were the follows: (A) NDT vs. McDM: 3.88% HIp and 17.48% HOSp; (B) NDT vs. McDM + H: 17.48% HIp and 23.30% HOSp; (C) McDM vs. McDM + H: 17.48% HIp and 33.98% HOSp.Hazelnut consumption reduced post prandial risk factors of atherosclerosis, such as ox-LDL, and the expression of inflammation and oxidative stress related genes. Chronic studies on larger population are necessary before definitive conclusions.

To verify safety respect to weight loss, cardiometabolic diseases of short-term Very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKDs,800 kcal day-1).Randomized cross-over trial with placebo. The study had no. 2 dietary treatment (DT), conducted in two arms: (1) VLCKD1 in which 50% of protein intake is replaced with synthetic amino acids; (2) VLCKD2 with placebo. The VLCKDs (800 kcal day-1) were different in term of protein content and quality each arm lasted three weeks (wks). Between the two arms a 3-wks washout period was performed to avoid additive effects on DT to follow. At the baseline, at start and end of each arm, all the subjects were evaluated for their health and nutritional status, by anthropometric analysis, body composition (Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), Bioimpedentiometry, biochemical evaluation, and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPAR) γ expression by transcriptomic analysis.After VLCKD1 were reduced: Body Mass Index (BMI) (Δ%=-11.1%, p=0.00), Total Body Water (TBW) (p0.05); Android Fat Percentage (AFP) (Δ%=-1.8%, p=0.02); Android Fat Mass (AFM) (Δ%=-12.7%, p=0.00); Gynoid Fat Mass (GFM) (Δ%=-6.3%, p=0.01); Intermuscular Adipose Tissue (IMAT) (Δ%= -11.1%, p=0.00); Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Re-sistance (HOMA-IR) (Δ%=-62.1%, p=0.01). After VLCKD1 a significant increase of uricemia, cre-atinine and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (respectively Δ%=35%, p=0.01; Δ%=5.9%, p=0.02; Δ%=25.5%, p=0.03). After VLCKD2 were reduced: BMI (Δ%=-11.2%, p=0.00); AFM (Δ%=-14.3%, p=0.00); GFM (Δ%=-6.3%, p=0.00); Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index (ASMMI) (Δ%=-17.5%, p=0.00); HOMA-IR (Δ%=-59,4%, p=0.02). After VLCKD2, uricemia (Δ%=63.1%, p=0.03), and Vitamin D levels (Δ%=25.7%, p=0.02) were increased. No significant changes of car-diovascular disease (CVD) indexes were observed after DTs. No significant changes of PPARγ lev-el in any DTs.21-days VLCKDs not impair nutritional state; not cause negative changes in global measurements of nutritional state including sarcopenia, bone mineral content, hepatic, renal and lipid profile.

Introduzione: lo svezzamento dalla ventilazione meccanica dei degenti ricoverati nelle ICU è certamente un’operazione tutt’oggi fondamentale e delicata per gli outcomes assistenziali di tali soggetti. Le sensazioni vissute dai degenti in tale fase influenzano il loro benessere psicofisico. Scopo: lo studio vuole fornire una precoce e precisa esperienza inerente a tale procedura. Metodo: si è usata una metodologia fenomenologica. Risultati: L’analisi delle interviste ha generato tre temi: il fastidio,la paura dell’estubazione e l’apprezzamento per il lavoro infermieristico. Conclusioni: La conoscenza del vissuto esperienziale inerente lo svezzamento precoce dalla ventilazione meccanica può permettere lo sviluppo e l’erogazione di cure specifiche appropriate. Programmi di supporto ed educativi potrebbero aiutare gli operatori sanitari a perseguire cure olistiche efficaci. Mechanical ventilation and early weaning: a qualitative study on patient's experiences in an intensive care unit. INTRODUCTION: The weaning from mechanical ventilation of intensive care unit (ICU) patients may cause anxiety. The feelings and experience during this procedure may affect their physical and psychological wellbeing.AIM: To describe patients' feelings during intubation time and weaning.METHOD: Phenomenological study on 16 patients who underwent an off pump bypass and mechanical ventilation

OBJECTIVE: Congenital Heart Defects are very common in pediatric population but the parents of affected children are often informed about these malformations only after the birth of their baby. In this period, they understand the severity of the pathology but also discover that surgery is the only approch to treat it. For this reason parents are frightned and worried and their anxiety is often magnified by little detailed or too superficial informations: in most cases this occurs in young (Eldredge et al., 2006) or workers parents (Wang et al., 2010). The aim of the study is to evaluate if more detailed information about PICU stay given by nurses to parents is able to condition their anxiety before and after the surgery. METHODS: A supportive care trial study of 16 parents of baby who had to undergo cardiac surgery was carried out. Patients were randomized into 2 groups (8 vs 8), standardized for age, sex and level of education, depending on wheter they received by nurses detailed or superficial informations about PICU stay of their baby. Then, STAI-Y form 1 questionnaire was used to evaluate anxiety of the parents in the two groups. RESULTS: In the group that received detailed information the average score of STAI-Y form 1 was 45,25 (56,56%) while in the group made up of parents who had no additional information it was 50,75 (63,43%). CONCLUSION: Parents who didn't take advantage from the additional informations provided by nurses proved to have more anxiety than those belonging to the other group. These results seem to confirm those present in the literature: the equipments in ICU generate fear and dread (Re et al., 2013). We are confident that these preliminary results may be useful to the whole health community and that it is necessary to develop specific educational programs for the family of the baby hospitalized in PICU to recreate an optimal relationship between the child and family.

La figura dell’infermiere ha avuto una costante evoluzione negli ultimi tempi. L’assistenza infermieristica è stata spesso valutata utilizzando indicatori specifici di costi, riospedalizzazioni, infezioni ed altro (Al-Rawajfah OM, 2014) (Giakoumidakis K e Eltheni R et al., 2014). Da un punto di vista qualitativo attenzione è stata posta al periodo post operatorio, ma pochi studi hanno indagato come la figura dell’infermiere è percepita dai degenti di ICU I Intensive Care Unit) ancor meno di ICU di cardiochirurgia.

3-(5-Chlorofuran-2-yl)-5-methyl-4-phenylisoxazole (P6), a known selective cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitor, was used to design a new series of 3,4-diarylisoxazoles in order to improve its biochemical COX-1 selectivity and antiplatelet efficacy. Structure–activity relationships were studied using human whole blood assays for COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition in vitro, and results showed that the simultaneous presence of 5-methyl (or -CF3), 4-phenyl, and 5-chloro(-bromo or -methyl)furan-2-yl groups on the isoxazole core was essential for their selectivity toward COX-1. 3g, 3s, 3d were potent and selective COX-1 inhibitors that affected platelet aggregation in vitro through the inhibition of COX-1-dependent thromboxane (TX) A2. Moreover, we characterized their kinetics of COX-1 inhibition. 3g, 3s, and 3d were more potent inhibitors of platelet COX-1 and aggregation than P6 (named 6) for their tighter binding to the enzyme. The pharmacological results were supported by docking simulations. The oral administration of 3d to mice translated into preferential inhibition of platelet-derived TXA2 over protective vascular-derived prostacyclin (PGI2).

The causes of air pollution in three cities of the Danube region (Budapest, Sofia and Zagreb) were studied using datasets of measurements and modelling tools. The contributions from different activity sectors, including natural sources and their geographical origin were quantified. It was observed that most of the pollutants are emitted locally. However, the medium to long range transport may be also considerable. On the basis of the output of the source identification, a series of measures were proposed to deal wtih the pollution problem at local, national and international levels., JRC.H.2-Air and Climate

Il lavoro raccoglie l’esperienza di diversi gruppi di ricerca italiani coinvolti in studi sull’inquinamento da particolato atmosferico (particulate matter PM). In particolare è approfondito lo studio di diverse sorgenti e l’impatto delle stesse sulle concentrazioni e proprietà chimico-fisiche del PM in ambiente. Alcune sorgenti possono essere particolarmente impattanti rispetto all’emissione di alcuni composti di rilevanza per gli effetti sulla salute; ad esempio composti quali idrocarburi policiclici aromatici (IPA), i quali possono essere modellati mediante QSAR per una previsione degli effetti mutageni.

Premessa : scopo dello studio è stato quello di valutare l’efficacia terapeutica della ventilazione non invasiva nel trattare ARF. Scopo : risolvere l’ipossiemia, ridurre la fatica dei muscoli respiratori, ridurre le infezioni,i giorni ed i costi di degenza Materiale e metodi : Abbiamo usato NIV in 25/90 pazienti operati dal dicembre 2007 al giugno 2008. L'anestesia è stata effettuata per via ev. TIVA (3mg/kg/hr), Remifentanil (0.5-1.0 mcg / kg / min) e besilato cisatracurium. Sedazione postoperatoria realizzata mantenendo l'infusione di propofol fino all’estubazione;l’ infusione di remifentanil è continua a 0,03-0,07 mcg / kg / min, dopo l'estubazione. La terapia del dolore è stata realizzata con il tramadolo e ketorolac. Estubazione Fast track è stata effettuata entro 4 ore dalla fine dell'intervento. La ventilazione non invasiva è stata eseguita tramite Maschera viso collegato Ventilatore con il supporto di pressione (10-15 cm H2O) e PEEP (5-8 cm H2O). Abbiamo alternato periodi di respirazione spontanea e ciclo di 1-2 ore per un NR 10 media + 5. Abbiamo raccolto campioni di gas del sangue arterioso e la valutazione dei dati clinici. Risultati: Solo un paziente ha dovuto essere reintubato e successivamente tracheostomizzato. Tutti i pazienti avevano un miglioramento del rapporto tra pressione parziale di ossigeno arterioso e della frazione di ossigeno ispirato (PaO2: FiO2) e, entro la prima ora, del pH, PaCO2 e RR. Non sono stati osservati effetti avversi e la tecnica è stata ben tollerata. Conclusioni : L'utilizzo della ventilazione non invasiva precoce riduce la reintubazione e previene le complicanze respiratorie, migliora lo scambio di gas e riducela permanenza in terapia intensiva .