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RESUMEN Este artículo evalúa la evolución de las Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito controladas por la Superintendencia de Economía Popular y Solidaria de Ecuador en el período 2000-2015. En la metodología se calculó un índice basado en los factores clave del negocio (cartera, captaciones y resultados) ajustados por inflación (año base 2007), cuyos resultados fueron aplicados a la teoría Fisher y comparados con la variación porcentual del Producto Interno Bruto. Del análisis se concluye que las Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito que forman parte del Sistema Financiero Popular y Solidario crecieron en términos reales el 18,18% lo que las convierte en las Instituciones Financieras de mejor desempeño en el Sistema Financiero Nacional. CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: G21, G29, E44 ASBTRACT This paper assesses the evolution of savings and credit cooperatives controlled by the Superintendence of Popular and Solidarity Economy of Ecuador in the period 2000-2015. In the methodology, an index was calculated based on the key business factors (shares, fund raising, and results) adjusted for inflation (base year 2007), whose results were applied to the Fisher theory and compared with the percentage variation of the Gross Domestic Product. The analysis concludes that the Savings and Credit Cooperatives that form part of the Popular and Solidary Financial System grew by 18.18% in real terms, making them the best performing financial institutions in the National Financial System. JEL CLASSIFICATION: G21, G29, E44 RESUMO Este artigo avalia a evolução das cooperativas de poupança e crédito controladas pela Superintendência de Economia Popular e Solidária do Equador no período 2000-2015. Na metodologia, calculou-se um índice baseado nos fatores-chave do negócio (carteira, captações e resultados) ajustados por inflação (ano-base 2007), cujos resultados foram aplicados à teoria Fisher e comparados com a variação porcentual do Produto Interno Bruto. Da análise, conclui-se que as cooperativas de poupança e crédito que fazem parte do Sistema Financeiro Popular e Solidário cresceram, em termos reais, 18,18%, o que as torna as instituições financeiras de melhor desempenho no Sistema Financeiro Nacional. CLASSIFICAÇÃO JEL: G21, G29, E44

Objectives: To train depressive patients to achieve a healthy emotional brain-state, aided by a Brain-Computer interface (BCI) system asociated to a u201csubject-independent (or u201cpopulation-basedu201d) classifieru201d of emotional states, created from a set of EEG data coming from healthy individuals. To explore this system as potential clinical and neuroscientific tool.Background:BCIs permits to gain control of different brain signals. Most of these studies have been built upon the idea that a patient can learn by practice to generate a healthy brain-state. However, due to the inherent altered brain functioning, patients could have difficulties finding a healthy pattern of brain signals being guided by the feedback of their own brain activity. The present study addresses the above issue.Materials and Methods:A subject-independent pattern-based classifer (SIC) of brain states (based on EEG signals and support vector machine, SVM) was created, with information coming from 19 healthy individuals during positive emotional states. This classifer was asociated to a BCI system to train 4 subjects with depressive symptoms to u201cmatchu201d a healthy brain state, with real-time information coming from the classifer. Clinical changes were evaluated by standardized (Beck and Hamilton) scales in a blinded clinical evaluation.Results and Conclusions:Patients were able to reproduce the brain patterns of the original group of healthy subjects, as reflected for classifications acuracies of the SIC (SVM outputs) above chance. Mood modifications towards the alliviation of depressive symptoms were observed.These results represent a step forward towards the automatic recognition of brain states in combination with Brain-Computer Interfaces, as a potential clinical and neuroscientific tool.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) generates a hypercoagulable state with an increased thrombin generation and raised levels of thrombin-antithrombin complexes, which results in a high risk of stroke and thromboembolism. Aim: To evaluate the anticoagulant effect of rivaroxaban by anti-Xa factor activity and its correlation with thrombin-antithrombin complexes, thrombin generation and prothrombin time in patients newly diagnosed with non-valvular AF. Patients and Methods: Prospective study in patients with indication of anticoagulation. Demographic variables, cardiovascular risk factors, CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores were recorded. Blood samples were taken at baseline, at 3 and 24 hours after the administration of the drug and at 30 days. Rivaroxaban levels, anti-Xa activity, prothrombin time, thrombin generation and plasma levels of thrombin-antithrombin complexes were determined. Results: We studied 20 patients aged 76.3 ± 8.0 years (60% female) with a CHA2DS2-VASc score > 2 points. The anti-Xa factor activity correlated with rivaroxaban plasma levels at 3 hours (r = 0.61, p < 0.01), at 24 hours (r = 0.85, p < 0.01) and at 30 days (r = 0.99, p < 0.01), with prothrombin time at 3 hours (r = -0.86, p = 0.019) and at 30 days (r = -0.63, p = 0.02) and with a sustained decrease in thrombin generation at 30 days of follow-up (r = -0.74, p < 0.01). There was no correlation with thrombin-antithrombin complexes (r = -0.02, p = 0.83). Conclusions: Rivaroxaban consistently inhibited the mild pro-coagulant state found in newly diagnosed non-valvular AF patients through the first 24 hours and this effect was maintained at 30 days. Plasma levels of the drug correlated with anti-Xa factor activity, thrombin generation and prothrombin time

Sézary syndrome (SS) is an unusually aggressive T- cell lymphoma characterized by the triad of erythroderma, the presence of more than 1,000 Sézary cells in peripheral blood and lymphadenopathies. It is accompanied by generalized pruritus and poor quality of life. The management of SS depends on its stage, patient comorbidities, and treatment availability. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is the first line of treatment for patients with T-cell lymphomas in stage IVA1, IVA2 or SS. This treatment comprises three phases: leukapheresis, photoactivation and subsequent reinfusion of lymphocytes. As it is an immunomodulatory therapy it does not produce generalized immunosuppression. We report a 76 year-old male with SS stage IIIb initially treated with 12 sessions of ultraviolet phototherapy without response. After 10 well-tolerated sessions of ECP, itching and skin lesions eventually disappeared.

RESTRUCTURACIÓN PRODUCTIVA TERRITORIO Y DESARROLLO A menudo, al importante crecimiento económico que experimentó el norte de México desde fines de la década de los años setenta, se le percibe como una anticipación de un nuevo ciclo de desarrollo que permitiría regular la economía con base, sobre todo, en las fuerzas del mercado. Por ello la transformación de esta economía regional, inducida por la inversión extranjera bajo el régimen de zona franca, es vista, en esta perspectiva, como la pren...

Background: Chronic cocaine users develop multiple potentially lethal ischemic vascular complications associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. Aim: To assess biochemical and lipid profiles among cocaine dependent subjects in recent abstinence. Material and Methods: A blood sample to measure blood count, biochemical and lipid profiles was obtained from 78 patients aged 19 to 53 years (78% males) who complied with DSM-IV criteria for cocaine dependency. Laboratory results were compared with a group of normal subjects. Results: All cases had positive urinary cocaine, with a mean consumption lapse of 7.6 years. The frequency of smoking was higher in cases. Dependent males had higher body mass index than controls. Compared to controls, dependent females had significantly higher triglyceride (TG) levels and lower HDL cholesterol. Therefore the relation total/HDL cholesterol was higher (p = 0.0365). Dependent males had higher TG levels than their normal counterparts. Dependent subjects consuming cocaine base-paste had higher TG levels. Total proteins, albumin, urea and blood urea nitrogen were lower in dependent subjects. Among males, serum creatinine was lower and blood urea was positively correlated with the daily amount of cocaine use (p = 0.03). After a month of strict abstinence, lipid profile was repeated in 27 patients and remained unchanged. Conclusions: Chronic cocaine use was associated with higher TG in both genders and lower HDL cholesterol in women when compared with a group of healthy counterparts.

Ce dernier livre de Pierre Salama est une lecture passionnante pour toute personne s’interrogeant sur le caractère d’économie émergente, aujourd’hui attribué à certains pays latino-américains. Le Brésil en constitue, on le sait, le prototype motivant la prédiction qu’il devienne un des nouveaux moteurs de l’économie mondiale. La démarche de Pierre Salama est aux antipodes de ce type de prospective. Il procède en effet à une analyse comparée des potentiels de croissance montrant que la continu...

Le Brésil vit actuellement de profondes mutations politiques. La crise économique de la première moitié des années quatre-vingts a sonné le glas d’un régime autoritaire qui connaissait depuis quelques années, une crise sérieuse. Plus de cinq millions de personnes avaient manifesté dans les rues pour remettre en cause la transition « autoritaire » à la démocratie et réclamer la convocation d’élections présidentielles au suffrage universel et direct. Malgré l’échec relatif de ce mouvement du fa...

Y a-t-il un ou plusieurs modèles frontaliers ? Cette frontière entre Mexique et États-Unis est-elle une ligne ou un espace ? Voici quelques questions qui furent la ligne directrice de la table ronde La frontière Mexique - États-Unis, mutations économiques, sociales et territoriales, tenue les 9 et 10 novembre 1993, organisée par le CNRS, l’Orstom et le MESR (Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche). Cet ouvrage, qui retranscrit l’événement, donne à voir les mutations en cours de la frontière entre le Mexique et les États-Unis, et révèle les changements observés dans les zones de la frontière nord. Les changements historiques, comme l’ouverture des frontières en 1965, la création des maquiladoras – usines d’assemblages pour les entreprises étrangères –, l’entrée du Mexique dans le Gatt en 1986, et surtout la signature en 1992 de l’accord de libre-échange nord-américain (États-Unis, Canada, Mexique), ont engendré des modifications importantes sur le fonctionnement frontalier. L’ouvrage est donc séparé en trois parties distinctes. Tout d’abord les mutations économiques avec de nouveaux modes de production, ensuite l’analyse des changements sociodémographiques, et enfin les mutations territoriales avec des approches géographique, économique et sociopolitique. Une vingtaine d’auteurs se sont attelé à ce travail, dont notamment Hélène Rivière d’Arc (Les réseaux d’entrepreneurs dans le Nord du Mexique ont-ils besoin de l’État), Daniel Delaunay (Quelques identités démographiques de la frontera norte mexicaine), ainsi que des auteurs hispaniques comme Guillermo Aramburo (Transmigración legal en la frontera México-Estados Unidos).

La forte croissance économique que connaît le Nord du Mexique depuis la fin des années soixante-dix préfigure-t-elle la restructuration productive nationale que devrait engendrer la stabilisation et le retrait de l’État menant à une régulation de l’économie par les forces du marché ? Faut-il voir dans la transformation de cette économie régionale, induite par l’investissement étranger en régime de zone franche, le gage d’une relance économique durable tirée par les exportations qui ouvrirait ...

Submitted by Gabriela Evangelista Botelho null (gbotelho@stj.jus.br) on 2014-12-16T17:27:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 comercio_internacional_tributos_pereira.pdf: 631715 bytes, checksum: 30d2f779e2b59facb7f4be20580ca9f2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-16T17:27:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 comercio_internacional_tributos_pereira.pdf: 631715 bytes, checksum: 30d2f779e2b59facb7f4be20580ca9f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 Disserta sobre a tributação aduaneira e de como as tecnologias podem ajudar a romper velhos paradigmas normativos.

Background: Cocaine abuse is associated with an increased risk of cardiac and cerebrovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, and ischemic stroke. The underlying mechanisms leading to these complications are not fully understood although intravascular thrombus formation and accelerated atherosclerosis are prominent findings. We report a 39-year-old male addicted to cocaine, who presented with three consecutive ischemic events characterized by an acute myocardial infarction and two ischemic strokes complicated by cardiac failure and severe neurological sequelae. The pathophysiology of cocaine-induce vascular damage and the management of the ischemic complications are discussed.