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The incidence of colibacillosis in poultry is on the rise, significantly affecting the chicken industry. Ceftiofur sodium (CS) is frequently employed to treat this disease, resulting in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) buildup. Processing plays a vital role in traditional Chinese veterinary medicine. The potential intervention in liver injury by polysaccharides from the differently processed products of Angelica sinensis (PDPPAS) induced by combined CS and LPS remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of PDPPAS on chicken liver injury caused by CS combined with LPS buildup and further identify the polysaccharides with the highest hepatoprotective activity in chickens. Furthermore, the study elucidates polysaccharides' intervention mechanism using tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) methods. A total of 190 1‐day‐old layer chickens were randomly assigned into 12 groups, of which 14 chickens were in the control group and 16 in other groups, for a 10‐day trial. The screening results showed that charred A. sinensis polysaccharide (CASP) had the most effective and the best hepatoprotective effect at 48 h. TMT proteomics and MRM validation results demonstrated that the intervention mechanism of the CASP high‐dose (CASPH) intervention group was closely related to the protein expressions of FCER2, TBXAS1, CD34, AGXT, GCAT, COX7A2L, and CYP2AC1. Conclusively, the intervention mechanism of CASPH had multitarget, multicenter regulatory features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural competence has gradually attracted attention from many countries, including China. This study was undertaken to determine the cultural competence of registered nurses in Shanghai, China, and to identify the cultural competence among registered nurses in Pudong New Area, Shanghai.

Abstract Objective To identify and describe the dynamic features of velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome relative to patients with non-syndromic cleft palates. Study design Retrospective case-control study. Setting Pediatric tertiary care center. Subjects and methods A total of 30 children (aged 9–16 years) with VPD were included in this study. Fifteen children with a definitive diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome requiring surgical VPD repair were included in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome group. Fifteen age- and sex-matched children with non-syndromic cleft palate requiring surgical VPD repair were included in the non-syndromic cleft palate group for comparison. Velar displacement, lateral pharyngeal wall displacement, and lateral pharyngeal wall motion pattern data were extracted from preoperative Multiview Videofluoroscopy imaging studies of all children and compared across groups. Results Lateral pharyngeal wall displacement was found to be reduced in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome group (U = 29.50, p = .001, r = .63). However, measures of velar displacement were not observed to differ between groups. Similarly, lateral pharyngeal wall motion pattern distributions were not found to differ across these two groups. Conclusions Velopharyngeal dysfunction in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome showed differences in dynamic velopharyngeal function when compared to non-syndromic cleft palate patients. The current findings provide initial insights into the unique aspects of velopharyngeal dysfunction for patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. These findings may guide further efforts directed toward understanding the dynamic velopharyngeal characteristics of this population and potentially optimize surgical management and functional outcomes.

"AIM: To observe the effect of inhibiting long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) on diabetic neurodegeneration. METHODS: Thirty-six 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control, diabetic control, diabetic scrambled small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and diabetic MALAT1-siRNA groups. After diabetic induction with streptozocin intraperitoneally-injection, the diabetic MALAT1-siRNA group was intravitreally injected with 1 μL 20 μmol/L MALAT1 siRNA, and the diabetic scrambled siRNA group was injected with the same amount of scrambled siRNA. Electroretinography was performed to examine photoreceptor functions 16wk after diabetes induction. MALAT1 expression was detected via real time polymerase chain reaction. Cone morphological changes were examined using immunofluorescence. Rod morphological changes were examined by determining outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness. RESULTS: The upregulation of retinal MALAT1 expression was detected in the diabetic control mice, while MALAT1 expression in the diabetic MALAT1-siRNA mice was decreased by 91.48% compared to diabetic control mice. The diabetic MALAT1-siRNA and diabetic control mice showed lower a-wave and b-wave amplitudes than did the normal control mice in scotopic and photopic electroretinogram, while the diabetic MALAT1-siRNA mice showed higher amplitudes than diabetic control mice. Morphological examination revealed that ONL thickness in the diabetic MALAT1-siRNA and diabetic control mice was lower than normal control mice. However, ONL thickness was greater in the diabetic MALAT1-siRNA mice than diabetic control mice. Moreover, the diabetic control mice performed a sparser cone cell arrangement and shorter outer segment morphology than diabetic MALAT1-siRNA mice. CONCLUSION: Inhibiting retinal MALAT1 results in mitigative effects on the retinal photoreceptors, thus alleviating diabetic neurodegeneration."

Prestressed anchor cable is widely used in geotechnical engineering to control the displacement or landslide of an unstable slope. However, the traditional cable anchor is made of steel material, which is easy to get rust in a corrosive environment. Basalt fiber-reinforced plastics (BFRP) are a kind of emerging compound material, with a good performance of high strength, low weight, and anticorrosion. Herein, an innovative large-tonnage pressure-type prestressed anchor is made with BFRP. This large-tonnage BFRP anchor cable has seven bunch structures of the “BFRP-connector-strand.” In each bunch of the “BFRP-connector-strand,” three BFRP tendons and one steel strand are connected inside a steel sleeve connector using the epoxy resin adhesive. The ultimate load-bearing capacity of this BFRP cable anchor can reach 202.38 tonnages. At the ultimate tensioning force condition, the strain of BFRP tendons for this large-tonnage BFRP anchor cable ranges from 1.51% to 1.76%. In the tensioning operation, there is a linear growth relationship between the tensioning force and the strain for this BFRP cable anchor. Once the tensioning force reaches the ultimate strength of this BFRP anchor cable, this cable will present system failure. This situation primarily results from the failure of the “BFRP-connector-strand.” The failure modes of this BFRP anchor cable can be classified into three types: the steel strand rupture, the steel connector rupture, and the BFRP tendon rupture. During the tensioning operation, due to the length difference of the BFRP tendons, this large-tonnage BFRP cable anchor presents an end-off-axis effect. It makes the load bearing of the BFRP tendons 5.00~6.60 times larger than that of the no end-off-axis effect. Nevertheless, due to the plastic deformation of the end steel anchor sleeve, the influence of the end-off-axis effect decreases with the increase of applied tensioning force. The load-bearing capacity of this large-tonnage BFRP cable anchor reaches 87.70~91.50% of its theoretical value.

The development process of complex products is highly uncertain and risky, cause the balance among progress, cost and technology needs to be comprehensively considered. Therefore, how to make decisions on key development plans becomes a problem that needs to be studied and solved. The existing multistage decision model needs to determine the complete stage division, quantity and attribute value of all alternatives in each stage of the development process at the beginning of the decision. However, actually, given the characteristics of long cycle of complex products, high technical risks, and many uncertainties, it is difficult to give the above information in advance in practical work. Therefore, in view of the above shortcomings, this paper proposes a multi-stage scheme decision-making method based on prospect theory and earned value method. First, based on the current progress and cost performance of the project, the dynamic reference point is set by analyzing the deviation between the actual implementation and the plan; Then, the dynamic prospect values of the schedule, cost and technical indicators of each alternative are calculated, and the optimal attribute weights and the comprehensive prospect values of each alternative are obtained by constructing a linear programming model; Finally, the advantages and innovation of the proposed model are further demonstrated through specific application examples.

Abstract Tin (Sn)‐based perovskites with favorable optoelectronic properties and ideal bandgaps have emerged as promising alternatives to toxic lead (Pb)‐based perovskites for photovoltaic applications. However, it is challenging to obtain high‐quality Sn‐based perovskite films by solution process. Here, liquid‐exfoliated 2D transition‐metal dichalcogenides (i.e., MoS2, WS2, and WSe2) with smooth and defect‐free surfaces are applied as growth templates for spin‐coated FASnI3 perovskite films, leading to van der Waals epitaxial growth of perovskite grains with a growth orientation along (100). The authors find that WSe2 has better energy alignment with FASnI3 than MoS2 and WS2 and results in a cascade band structure in resultant perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which can facilitate hole extraction and suppress interfacial charge recombination in the devices. The WSe2‐modified PSCs show a power conversion efficiency up to 10.47%, which is among the highest efficiency of FASnI3‐based PSCs. The appealing solution phase epitaxial growth of FASnI3 perovskite on 2D WSe2 flakes is expected to find broad applications in optoelectronic devices.

Abstract This case report demonstrates the possibility of sarcoma biopsy needle track seeding from FNA/Core Needle Biopsy during the workup of a pediatric head and neck mass. Though not currently widely practiced in head and neck tumors, surgeons may consider placing biopsy tracks in the area of planned resection for suspected head and neck malignancies as is more common in approaches to extremity sarcoma.

Objective: Pediatric inferior turbinate hypertrophy (PedTH) is a frequent and often overlooked cause or associated cause of nasal breathing difficulties. This clinical consensus statement (CCS) aims to provide a diagnosis and management framework covering the lack of specific guidelines for this condition and addressing the existing controversies. Methods: A clinical consensus statement (CCS) was developed by a panel of 20 contributors from 7 different European and North American countries using the modified Delphi method. The aim of the CCS was to offer a multidisciplinary reference framework for the management of PedTH on the basis of shared clinical experience and analysis of the strongest evidence currently available. Results: A systematic literature review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) criteria was performed. From the initial 96 items identified, 7 articles were selected based on higher‐evidence items such as randomized‐controlled trials, guidelines, and systematic reviews. A 34‐statement survey was developed, and after three rounds of voting, 2 items reached strong consensus, 17 reached consensus or near consensus, and 15 had no consensus. Conclusions: Until further prospective data are available, our CCS should provide a useful reference for PedTH management. PedTH should be considered a nasal obstructive disease not necessarily related to an adult condition but frequently associated with other nasal or craniofacial disorders. Diagnosis requires clinical examination and endoscopy, whereas rhinomanometry, nasal cytology, and questionnaires have little clinical role. Treatment choice should consider the specific indications and features of the available options, with a preference for less invasive procedures. Level of Evidence: 5 Laryngoscope, 134:1437–1444, 2024 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some plant sensor nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors detect pathogen effectors through their integrated domains (IDs). Rice RGA5 sensor NLR recognizes its corresponding effectors AVR-Pia and AVR1-CO39 from the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae through direct binding to its heavy metal-associated (HMA) ID to trigger the RGA4 helper NLR-dependent resistance in rice. Here, we report a mutant of RGA5 named RGA5HMA5 that confers complete resistance in transgenic rice plants to the M. oryzae strains expressing the noncorresponding effector AVR-PikD. RGA5HMA5 carries three engineered interfaces, two of which lie in the HMA ID and the other in the C-terminal Lys-rich stretch tailing the ID. However, RGA5 variants having one or two of the three interfaces, including replacing all the Lys residues with Glu residues in the Lys-rich stretch, failed to activate RGA4-dependent cell death of rice protoplasts. Altogether, this work demonstrates that sensor NLRs require a concerted action of multiple surfaces within and outside the IDs to both recognize effectors and activate helper NLR-mediated resistance, and has implications in structure-guided designing of sensor NLRs. An engineered sensor NLR RGA5HMA5 carrying multiple resurfaced interfaces was generated to confer complete resistance to the rice blast fungus strains expressing the non-corresponding effector AVR-PikD, paving a way to broaden the resistance spectra of NLRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kulun complex, mainly composed of Late Paleozoic meta-volcanic rocks, has been newly discovered in Kulun Qi area on the border between Liaoning and Inner Mongolia in the east part of the northern margin of North China Plate. The profile survey confirms the rock association of Kulun complex including tuff, andesite and metasedimentary rock. The zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb isotope test for the tuff shows 391.0±3.7 Ma, indicating the formation age of Middle Devonian. The geochemical characteristics show that the complex was formed in later island arc environment. The tectonic evolution process of the Paleozoic accretionary orogenic belt in the east part of the northern margin of North China Plate is established through the study of the newly discovered Middle Devonian Kulun complex and related Paleozoic sedimentary events, magmatic events and deformation, combined with the research results of the Paleozoic complex, magmatic rocks and volcanic sedimentary strata in the area. The orogenic belt has experienced the Silurian active continental margin stage, Devonian arc-continental collision stage, Carboniferous-Middle Permian active continental margin stage and Late Permian collision orogenic stage. The Silurian Fangjiatun and Xibiehe rock formations were formed in the back-arc basin environment, indicating the study area was in the active continental margin environment during the Ordovician-Silurian. The volcano-sedimentation of the Devonian Kulun complex is the result of arc-continent collision, accompanied by magmatic activity under extensional background. The study area underwent pull-apart again under the post-collision extension background, and received the deposits of Baijiadian rock formation and Jiujuzi rock formation in the Carboniferous-Middle Permian, leading to the formation of the volcanic island arc of Tongjiatun rock formation. In the Late Permian, continent-continent collision occurred with the closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean, and the post-orogeny continued to the Triassic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a crucial role in shaping the architecture of rice (Oryza sativa) plants. However, the regulatory mechanism of BR signalling in rice immunity remains largely unexplored. Here we identify a rice mutant dla, which exhibits decreased leaf angles and is insensitive to 24‐epiBL (a highly active synthetic BR), resembling the BR‐deficient phenotype. The dla mutation caused by a T‐DNA insertion in the OsDLA gene leads to downregulation of the causative gene. The OsDLA knockout plants display reduced leaf angles and less sensitivity to 24‐epiBL. In addition, both dla mutant and OsDLA knockout plants are more susceptible to rice blast compared to the wild type. OsDLA is a GRAS transcription factor and interacts with the BR signalling core negative regulator, GSK2. GSK2 phosphorylates OsDLA for degradation via the 26S proteasome. The GSK2 RNAi line exhibits enhanced rice blast resistance, while the overexpression lines thereof show susceptibility to rice blast. Furthermore, we show that OsDLA interacts with and stabilizes the WRKY transcription factor OsWRKY53, which has been demonstrated to positively regulate BR signalling and blast resistance. OsWRKY53 directly binds the promoter of PBZ1 and activates its expression, and this activation can be enhanced by OsDLA. Together, our findings unravel a novel mechanism whereby the GSK2‐OsDLA‐OsWRKY53 module coordinates blast resistance and plant architecture via BR signalling in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]