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Aresenic trioxide (ATO) is proven to be active against leukaemia cells by inducing apoptosis and differentiation. Even though ATO could effectively induce remissions of leukaemia cells, the drug resistance was observed occasionally. To further dissect the mechanism of ATO resistance, we selected the ATO‐resistant SH‐SY5Y cells and found that Bcl‐2 controlled the sensitivity of ATO in SH‐SY5Y cells. We report that necroptosis, autophagy, NF‐ƘB and MAPK signalling pathway are not involved in ATO‐induced apoptosis. Moreover, the ATO‐resistant cells showed distinct mitochondrial morphology compared with that of ATO‐sensitive cells. Intriguingly, nude mice‐bearing ATO‐sensitive cells derived xenograft tumours are more sensitive to ATO treatment compared with that of ATO‐resistant cells. These data demonstrate that cancer cells can acquire the ATO‐resistance ability by increasing the Bcl‐2 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This basic research aimed to detect the inner-correlation of EGF containing fibulin extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1), TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3 (TIMP3), matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9), elastin (ELN) in direct inguinal hernia (IH), and their effect on fibroblasts motility. Transversalis fascia samples from 20 direct IH patients and 20 varicocele (served as controls) patients were collected for detecting EFEMP1, TIMP3, MMP9 and ELN expressions by immunohistochemistry assay. Fibroblasts L929 cells were transfected with EFEMP1 overexpression plasmid or knock-down plasmid to investigate the influence of EFEMP1 dysregulation on L929 cell migration, invasion, TIMP3, MMP9 and ELN expressions. Additionally, rescue experiments were performed by adding TIMP3 knockdown plasmid to the EFEMP1-overexpressed L929 cells. Transversalis fascia EFEMP1, TIMP3 and ELN expressions were decreased, but MMP9 expression was increased in IH patients compared with controls. In IH patients, EFEMP1 was not correlated with TIMP3, but positively correlated with ELN and negatively correlated with MMP9; TIMP3 negatively correlated with MMP9, but positively correlated with ELN. Overexpression of EFEMP1 did not affect TIMP3 expression but increased ELN expression and decreased MMP9 expression in L929 cells. In addition, EFEMP1 suppressed L929 cell migration and invasion. The following rescue experiments indicated that silencing TIMP3 attenuated the effect of EFEMP1 overexpression on MMP9 and ELN expressions as well as the effect of EFEMP1 overexpression on cell migration and invasion in L929 cells. EFEMP1 is downregulated in direct IH, and it regulates ELN homoeostasis as well as fibroblast mobility via interacting with TIMP3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aprotic Li–O2 batteries are regarded as the most promising technology to resolve the energy crisis in the near future because of its high theoretical specific energy. The key electrochemistry of a nonaqueous Li–O2 battery highly relies on the formation of Li2O2 during discharge and its reversible decomposition during charge. The properties of Li2O2 and its formation mechanisms are of high significance in influencing the battery performance. This review article demonstrates the latest progress in understanding the Li2O2 electrochemistry and the recent advances in regulating the Li2O2 growth pathway. The first part of this review elaborates the Li2O2 formation mechanism and its relationship with the oxygen reduction reaction/oxygen evolution reaction electrochemistry. The following part discusses how the cycling parameters, e.g., current density and discharge depth, influence the Li2O2 morphology. A comprehensive summary of recent strategies in tailoring Li2O2 formation including rational design of cathode structure, certain catalyst, and surface engineering is demonstrated. The influence resulted from the electrolyte, e.g., salt, solvent, and some additives on Li2O2 growth pathway, is finally discussed. Further prospects of the ways in making advanced Li–O2 batteries by control of favorable Li2O2 formation are highlighted, which are valuable for practical construction of aprotic lithium–oxygen batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study first introduces the background and status quo of the national strategy of New Infrastructure Construction. Next, the study systematically reviews the development and impact of information infrastructure testbed in USA, as well as the new challenge for information infrastructure in the intelligent era of the ternary integration of man-machine-things. Then, we propose the Information Superbahn technology innovation program and the OneComputer project, which is a large-scale testbed for the next generation information infrastructure. Furthermore, we present the latest progress and some thoughts about methodology of this large project. Finally, this study looks into the project's future development under the national strategy of New Infrastructure Construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the feasibility of applying smart-planes fetal heart (S-Planes FH) to 3D volumes to generate and display the outflow tract views (OFTVs) and evaluate its agreement and reliability in determining fetal vessel dimensions.Methods: A total of 147 normal fetuses in the second or third trimester were enrolled. Once conventional 2D sonographic examination was finished, one or more 3D static volumes were then acquired in the 4-chamber view (4CV). The OFTVs automatically generated and displayed via a simple offline operation using S-Planes FH software. Per fetus, a single qualified S-Planes FH image was selected by an expert. The inner diameters of the aorta (AO) and pulmonary artery (PA) were measured in 2D and S-Planes FH images, respectively. The agreement and reliability of the two methods were verified by the Bland-Altman method and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively.Results: A total of 515 3D static volumes were successfully acquired in 147 fetuses. The OFTVs were generated and displayed using S-Planes FH in 138 (93.9%) cases. S-Planes FH had good agreement in measuring the diameters of great arteries (95% CI of limits, -0.9419 to 1.1464 for AO diameter, -0.8871 to 1.7007 for PA diameter). The intraobserver and interobserver ICCs in this study were greater than 0.81, indicating almost perfect reliability of the two methods with regard to observers.Conclusions: S-Planes FH software is a feasible method for generating OFTVs as well as determining vessel dimensions in the second and third trimesters and had good agreement with 2D examination. Therefore, it possesses clinical value in screening for CHD and can be operated by different sonographers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]